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{{ | {{Infobox person | ||
| image = Mahatma & Sarojini Naidu 1930.JPG | |||
| caption = Mahatma Gandhi, Petit (centre), and Sarojini Naidu in 1930 | |||
| birth_date = 11 April 1892 | |||
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], British India | |||
| death_date = 16 July 1973 | |||
| death_place = Surat, Gujarat, India | |||
| education = [[Convent of Jesus and Mary]], [[Colaba]] | |||
| occupation = Indian independence activist | |||
| relatives = [[Dinshaw Maneckji Petit]] (grandfather)<br>[[Bomanjee Dinshaw Petit]] (uncle)<br>[[Jehangir Bomanji Petit]] (cousin)<br>[[Rattanbai Petit]] (cousin) | |||
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] 1961 | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Indian nationalist activist (1892–1973)}} | |||
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}} | |||
[[File:Gandhi at Dandi, 5 April 1930.jpg|thumb|[[Mahatma Gandhi]] at Dandi 6 April 1930. Behind him is his second son Manilal Gandhi and Mithuben Petit.]] | |||
'''Mithuben Hormusji Petit''' (11 April 1892 – 16 July 1973) was an [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] activist who participated in [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s [[Salt March|Dandi March]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gandhiheritageportal.org/photosdetail/MTU5/audio | title=Mahatma Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu and Mithuben Petit | publisher=gandhiheritageportal.org | access-date=2017-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vDiqxmuQmIC&pg=PA143 | title=women pioneers in India's resistance | publisher=Kalpaz Publications | author=Simmi Jain | year=2003| isbn=9788178351742 }}</ref> A pioneer female independence activist,<ref name="google">{{cite book |author=Nawaz B. Mody |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8RFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Mithuben+Petit |title=Women in India's freedom struggle |date=2000 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=9788177640700}}</ref><ref name="Mankekar2002">{{cite book |author=Mankekar |first=Kamla |author-link=Kamla Mankekar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P8pAAAAYAAJ&q=Mithuben+ |title=Women pioneers in India's renaissance, as I remember her: contributions from eminent women of present-day India |publisher=National Book Trust, India |year=2002 |isbn=978-81-237-3766-9}}</ref> she was the Secretary of the Rashtriya Stree Sabha, a women's movement founded on [[Gandhism|Gandhian]] ideals. She became a recipient of India’s fourth highest-civilian honour, [[Padma Shri]] in 1961, for her social work. | |||
==Family and background== | |||
Born on 11 April 1892 into an affluent [[Parsi]] [[Zoroastrian]] in [[Bombay]], Petit's father was one of the sons of Sir [[Dinshaw Maneckji Petit]], a well-known industrialist, philanthropist, and [[Baronet]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPXVAAAAMAAJ&q=Dinshaw+Maneckji+Petit%2C+1st+Baronet | title=Parsi statues | publisher=Marzban J. Giara | author=Marzban J. Giara | year=2000}}</ref><ref name=lok>{{Cite news|url=http://www.loksatta.com/chaturang-news/socialist-mithuben-petit-207451/|title=पद्मश्री 'दीनभगिनी'|last=Gawalkar|first=Rohini|date=2013-09-28|work=Loksatta|access-date=2017-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728112615/http://www.loksatta.com/chaturang-news/socialist-mithuben-petit-207451/|archive-date=2017-07-28|language=mr-IN}}</ref> Mithuben was the niece of industrialist [[Bomanjee Dinshaw Petit]] and cousin of [[Jehangir Bomanji Petit]] and [[Rattanbai Petit]]. | |||
Petit studied at [[Convent of Jesus and Mary]], [[Colaba]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 Dec 2023 |title=Unsung Heroes Detail: Paying tribute to India's freedom fighters |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?3509 |archive-date= |access-date=4 Dec 2023}}</ref> Her activism was met with challenges by the [[Petit baronets|Petit family]], who urged her to renounce her activism or risk disinheritance, to which she refused and responded: "It is your business to sit with the government and mine to remain with the nation.".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mehermarfatia.com/pdf/30002015From%20silk%20To%20salt%20%26%20satyagraha.pdf | title=From Silk to Satyagraha | publisher=Sunday Times of India | date=August 19, 2007 | author=Meher Marfatia | access-date=2 May 2021 | archive-date=23 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223044851/http://mehermarfatia.com/pdf/30002015From%20silk%20To%20salt%20%26%20satyagraha.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
==Career== | |||
===Indian independence movement=== | ===Indian independence movement=== | ||
Petit was influenced by her aunt, [[Jaiji Jehangir Petit]], who was a follower of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and was the Secretary of the Rashtriya Stree Sabha, a women's movement founded on Gandhian ideals.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_P6VetxLLwC&pg=PA55 | title=Women in the Indian national movement: unseen faces and unheard voices, 1930-42 | publisher=SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd | author=Suruchi Thapar-Björkert | year=2006 | isbn=9789351502869}}</ref> She was active in the relief work during the floods of Gujarat in 1927, along with Ratanbahen Mehta and Bhaktiba Desai. During Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928, she moved from village to village to create awareness among the women. She took part in Borsad Satyagraha in 1929 and stayed at the camp. | |||
Petit, along with [[Kasturba Gandhi]] and [[Sarojini Naidu]], played a major part in the [[Salt March]],<ref name="hindu" /> with Kasturba Gandhi beginning the march at [[Sabarmati]], Sarojini Naidu lifting the salt for the first time at Dandi on 6 April 1930 and Petit standing behind Mahatma Gandhi when he repeated the violation at Bhimrad on 9 April 1930. The march was one of the most important events in the Indian independence movement.<ref name="google" /> In a time when women were forced to take a back seat (due to the patriarchal culture at that time in India) Petit was one of the three women who played a pivotal role in the march and the [[civil disobedience]] against tax on salt.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-Great-Dandi-March-mdash-eighty-years-after/article16364352.ece | title=The Great Dandi March – eighty years after | work=thehindu.com | date=5 April 2010 | access-date=2017-07-02| last1=Gandhi | first1=Gopalkrishna }}</ref> Petit participated in the [[Bardoli Satyagraha]] of 1928 which was a no enhancement campaign against the [[British Raj]] where she worked under the guidance of [[Sardar Patel]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vDiqxmuQmIC&pg=PA143| title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Women Through the Ages: Period of freedom struggle| isbn=9788178351742| last1=Jain| first1=Simmi| year=2003| publisher=Gyan Publishing House}}{{full citation needed|date=July 2017}}</ref> Petit was instrumental in the anti-liquor movement in India and spent time with Mahatma Gandhi and explained the liquor issue with the [[schedule tribes]] in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/peacefulmethod.htm | title=anti-liquor movement | publisher=mkgandhi.org | access-date=2017-07-03}}</ref> | |||
===Social work=== | ===Social work=== | ||
Petit set up an [[ashram]] in [[Maroli]] called ''Kasturba Vanat Shala'' or | Petit set up an [[ashram]] in [[Maroli]] called ''Kasturba Vanat Shala'' or Kasturba Sevashram in 1930, which taught underprivileged children from families of [[Adivasi]]s, [[Harijan]]s and fisher folk spinning, carding, weaving, dairy farming, leather-work and a Diploma Course in Sewing, to make the women self-sufficient.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trustees|url=http://www.kasturbasevashram.org/trustee.html|website=Kasturbasevashram.org|access-date=20 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103061616/http://www.kasturbasevashram.org/trustee.html|archive-date=3 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Petit, known as "Maiji" (mother) also opened a hospital of the same name for the scientific treatment of mentally ill patients in 1942.<ref name=kasturbasevashram>{{cite web| url=http://www.kasturbasevashram.org/activity.html| title=Kasturba Sevashram| publisher=kasturbasevashram.org| access-date=2017-07-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612210604/http://www.kasturbasevashram.org/activity.html| archive-date=12 June 2018| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| title=Golden roots to golden fruits of mental health in Gujarat | year=2018 | publisher=Indian J Psychiatry. 2018 Feb; 60(Suppl 2): S227–S235| pmc=5836343 | last1=Mehta | first1=R. | last2=Shah | first2=A. | last3=Vankar | first3=G. K. | last4=Chauhan | first4=A. | last5=Bakre | first5=R. | journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry | volume=60 | issue=Suppl 2 | pages=S227–S235 | doi=10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_448_17 | pmid=29527053 | doi-access=free }}</ref> | ||
She died on 16 July 1973.<ref name=lok/> | ==Death== | ||
She died on 16 July 1973, at [[Surat]].<ref name=lok/> | |||
==Recognition== | ==Recognition== | ||
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[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]] | [[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]] | ||
[[Category:Women in Maharashtra politics]] | [[Category:Women in Maharashtra politics]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]] | |||
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Salt March]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Petit family|Mithuben]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:28, 24 January 2026
Mithuben Petit | |
|---|---|
 Mahatma Gandhi, Petit (centre), and Sarojini Naidu in 1930 | |
| Born | 11 April 1892 Bombay, British India |
| Died | 16 July 1973 Surat, Gujarat, India |
| Education | Convent of Jesus and Mary, Colaba |
| Occupation | Indian independence activist |
| Relatives | Dinshaw Maneckji Petit (grandfather) Bomanjee Dinshaw Petit (uncle) Jehangir Bomanji Petit (cousin) Rattanbai Petit (cousin) |
| Awards | Padma Shri 1961 |
Mithuben Hormusji Petit (11 April 1892 – 16 July 1973) was an Indian independence activist who participated in Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March.[1][2] A pioneer female independence activist,[3][4] she was the Secretary of the Rashtriya Stree Sabha, a women's movement founded on Gandhian ideals. She became a recipient of India’s fourth highest-civilian honour, Padma Shri in 1961, for her social work.
Family and background[edit | edit source]
Born on 11 April 1892 into an affluent Parsi Zoroastrian in Bombay, Petit's father was one of the sons of Sir Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, a well-known industrialist, philanthropist, and Baronet.[5][6] Mithuben was the niece of industrialist Bomanjee Dinshaw Petit and cousin of Jehangir Bomanji Petit and Rattanbai Petit.
Petit studied at Convent of Jesus and Mary, Colaba.[7] Her activism was met with challenges by the Petit family, who urged her to renounce her activism or risk disinheritance, to which she refused and responded: "It is your business to sit with the government and mine to remain with the nation.".[8]
Career[edit | edit source]
Indian independence movement[edit | edit source]
Petit was influenced by her aunt, Jaiji Jehangir Petit, who was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and was the Secretary of the Rashtriya Stree Sabha, a women's movement founded on Gandhian ideals.[9] She was active in the relief work during the floods of Gujarat in 1927, along with Ratanbahen Mehta and Bhaktiba Desai. During Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928, she moved from village to village to create awareness among the women. She took part in Borsad Satyagraha in 1929 and stayed at the camp.
Petit, along with Kasturba Gandhi and Sarojini Naidu, played a major part in the Salt March,[10] with Kasturba Gandhi beginning the march at Sabarmati, Sarojini Naidu lifting the salt for the first time at Dandi on 6 April 1930 and Petit standing behind Mahatma Gandhi when he repeated the violation at Bhimrad on 9 April 1930. The march was one of the most important events in the Indian independence movement.[3] In a time when women were forced to take a back seat (due to the patriarchal culture at that time in India) Petit was one of the three women who played a pivotal role in the march and the civil disobedience against tax on salt.[10] Petit participated in the Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 which was a no enhancement campaign against the British Raj where she worked under the guidance of Sardar Patel.[11] Petit was instrumental in the anti-liquor movement in India and spent time with Mahatma Gandhi and explained the liquor issue with the schedule tribes in Gujarat.[12]
Social work[edit | edit source]
Petit set up an ashram in Maroli called Kasturba Vanat Shala or Kasturba Sevashram in 1930, which taught underprivileged children from families of Adivasis, Harijans and fisher folk spinning, carding, weaving, dairy farming, leather-work and a Diploma Course in Sewing, to make the women self-sufficient.[13] Petit, known as "Maiji" (mother) also opened a hospital of the same name for the scientific treatment of mentally ill patients in 1942.[14][15]
Death[edit | edit source]
She died on 16 July 1973, at Surat.[6]
Recognition[edit | edit source]
Petit received the Padma Shri in 1961 for her social work.[16][17]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Mahatma Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu and Mithuben Petit". gandhiheritageportal.org. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ↑ Simmi Jain (2003). women pioneers in India's resistance. Kalpaz Publications. ISBN 9788178351742.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nawaz B. Mody (2000). Women in India's freedom struggle. Allied Publishers. ISBN 9788177640700.
- ↑ Mankekar, Kamla (2002). Women pioneers in India's renaissance, as I remember her: contributions from eminent women of present-day India. National Book Trust, India. ISBN 978-81-237-3766-9.
- ↑ Marzban J. Giara (2000). Parsi statues. Marzban J. Giara.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Gawalkar, Rohini (28 September 2013). "पद्मश्री 'दीनभगिनी'". Loksatta (in मराठी). Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ↑ "Unsung Heroes Detail: Paying tribute to India's freedom fighters". 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ↑ Meher Marfatia (19 August 2007). "From Silk to Satyagraha" (PDF). Sunday Times of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ↑ Suruchi Thapar-Björkert (2006). Women in the Indian national movement: unseen faces and unheard voices, 1930-42. SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789351502869.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Gandhi, Gopalkrishna (5 April 2010). "The Great Dandi March – eighty years after". thehindu.com. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ↑ Jain, Simmi (2003). Encyclopaedia of Indian Women Through the Ages: Period of freedom struggle. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 9788178351742.[full citation needed]
- ↑ "anti-liquor movement". mkgandhi.org. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
- ↑ "Trustees". Kasturbasevashram.org. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- ↑ "Kasturba Sevashram". kasturbasevashram.org. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- ↑ Mehta, R.; Shah, A.; Vankar, G. K.; Chauhan, A.; Bakre, R. (2018). "Golden roots to golden fruits of mental health in Gujarat". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 60 (Suppl 2). Indian J Psychiatry. 2018 Feb; 60(Suppl 2): S227–S235: S227–S235. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_448_17. PMC 5836343. PMID 29527053.
- ↑ "Padma Shri in 1965 for social work". padmaawards.gov.in. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ↑ "Mithuben Petit Padma Shri" (PDF). pib.nic.in/archive/docs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.