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{{ | {{Short description|Meteorological satellite}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} | ||
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| name = Kalpana-1 | | name = Kalpana-1 | ||
| image = METSAT_Kalpana-1_deployed_view.png | | image = METSAT_Kalpana-1_deployed_view.png | ||
| image_caption = Kalpana-1 | | image_caption = Kalpana-1 deployed | ||
| mission_type = [[Weather satellite|Weather]] | | mission_type = [[Weather satellite|Weather]] | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| COSPAR_ID = 2002-043A | | COSPAR_ID = 2002-043A | ||
| SATCAT = | | SATCAT = | ||
| mission_duration = Planned: 7 years <br/>Achieved: {{time interval|12 September 2002|September 2017|show=ymd|sep=,}}<ref name=Isro>{{cite web|title=Kalpana - 1|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1|website=www.isro.gov.in|publisher=[[ISRO]]}}</ref> | | mission_duration = Planned: 7 years <br/>Achieved: {{time interval|12 September 2002|September 2017|show=ymd|sep=,}}<ref name=Isro>{{cite web|title=Kalpana - 1|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1|website=www.isro.gov.in|publisher=[[ISRO]]|access-date=31 October 2018|archive-date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731202345/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
| spacecraft_bus = [[I-1K|I-1000 Bus]]<ref name=ISAC_website>{{cite web | title=ISAC_website | url=http://www.isac.gov.in/earth-observation/html/kalpana.jsp | publisher = [[Indian Space Research Organization]] | access-date =2018-01-18 }}</ref> | | spacecraft_bus = [[I-1K|I-1000 Bus]]<ref name=ISAC_website>{{cite web | title=ISAC_website | url=http://www.isac.gov.in/earth-observation/html/kalpana.jsp | publisher = [[Indian Space Research Organization]] | access-date =2018-01-18 }}</ref> | ||
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre|ISRO Satellite Center]]<br/>[[Space Applications Centre]] | | manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre|ISRO Satellite Center]]<br/>[[Space Applications Centre]] | ||
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| last_contact = <!-- {{end-date|[insert date here]}} --> | | last_contact = <!-- {{end-date|[insert date here]}} --> | ||
| decay_date = | | decay_date = | ||
| orbit_epoch = 25 September 2002<ref name="satcat">{{cite web |url= | | orbit_epoch = 25 September 2002<ref name="satcat">{{cite web |url=https://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt |title=Satellite Catalog |publisher=Jonathan's Space Page |first=Jonathan |last=McDowell |access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref> | ||
| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]] | | orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]] | ||
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]] | | orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]] | ||
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| apsis = gee | | apsis = gee | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Kalpana-1''' was the first dedicated [[meteorological satellite]] launched by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] using [[PSLV-C4|Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] on 12 September 2002. The satellite is three-axis stabilized and is powered by [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]], getting up to {{convert|550|W}} of power. The METSAT bus was used as the basis for the Chandrayaan lunar orbiter mission of 2008. | '''Kalpana-1''' was the first dedicated [[meteorological satellite]] launched by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] using [[PSLV-C4|Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] on 12 September 2002. The satellite is three-axis stabilized and is powered by [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]], getting up to {{convert|550|W}} of power. The METSAT bus was used as the basis for the Chandrayaan lunar orbiter mission of 2008. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Originally known as MetSat-1, the satellite was the first launched by the [[PSLV-C4]] into the [[Geostationary orbit]]. On February 5, 2003 it was renamed to Kalpana-1 by the [[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in memory of [[Kalpana Chawla]]— | Originally known as MetSat-1, the satellite was the first launched by the [[PSLV-C4]] into the [[Geostationary orbit]]. On February 5, 2003, it was renamed to Kalpana-1 by the [[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in memory of [[Kalpana Chawla]]—an Indian born [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] who perished in the {{OV|102}} [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|disaster]]. | ||
The satellite features a Very High Resolution scanning [[Radiometer]] (VHRR), for three-band images ([[Visible light|visible]], [[infrared]], and [[thermal infrared]]) with a resolution of {{cvt|2|x|2|km}}, and a Data Relay [[Transponder]] (DRT) payload to provide data to weather terrestrial platforms.<ref name=isro_website>{{cite web|title=Geostationary Satellites - Kalpana-1(METSAT) |publisher=Indian Space Research Organization |date=2009 |url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/kalpana-1.aspx |format=aspx |archive-url=https:// | The satellite features a Very High Resolution scanning [[Radiometer]] (VHRR), for three-band images ([[Visible light|visible]], [[infrared]], and [[thermal infrared]]) with a resolution of {{cvt|2|x|2|km}}, and a Data Relay [[Transponder]] (DRT) payload to provide data to weather terrestrial platforms.<ref name=isro_website>{{cite web|title=Geostationary Satellites - Kalpana-1(METSAT) |publisher=Indian Space Research Organization |date=2009 |url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/kalpana-1.aspx |format=aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014145150/http://www.isro.org/satellites/kalpana-1.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-14 |access-date=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its mission were to collect data in layer of [[cloud]]s, [[water vapor]], and [[temperature]] of the [[atmosphere]] and to establish a small satellite I-1000 bus system which can meet the exclusive service requirements of a meteorological payload for earth imageries | ||
Kalpana-1 went out of service in mid-2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/210|title=Kalpana-1|date=12 July 2018}}</ref> | Kalpana-1 went out of service in mid-2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/210|title=Kalpana-1|date=12 July 2018}}</ref> | ||
| Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
{{Orbital launches in 2002}} | {{Orbital launches in 2002}} | ||
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2002]] | [[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2002]] | ||
[[Category:Kalpana Chawla]] | [[Category:Kalpana Chawla]] | ||
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets]] | [[Category:Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets]] | ||
[[Category:ISRO satellites]] | [[Category:ISRO satellites]] | ||
[[Category:Weather satellites of India]] | |||
{{India-spacecraft-stub}} | {{India-spacecraft-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:03, 26 January 2026
 Kalpana-1 deployed | |
| Mission type | Weather |
|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO |
| COSPAR ID | 2002-043A |
| Website | Kalpana-1 on ISRO Web-site |
| Mission duration | Planned: 7 years Achieved: 15 years[1] |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Bus | I-1000 Bus[2] |
| Manufacturer | ISRO Satellite Center Space Applications Centre |
| Launch mass | 1,060 kilograms (2,340 lb) |
| Dry mass | 498 kilograms (1,098 lb) |
| Power | 550 watts |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 12 September 2002, 10:24:00 UTC[3] |
| Rocket | PSLV-C4 |
| Launch site | SHAR, Satish Dhawan FLP |
| End of mission | |
| Deactivated | September 2017 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Geostationary |
| Longitude | 74° East |
| Eccentricity | 0.0 |
| Perigee altitude | 35,771 kilometres (22,227 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 35,801 kilometres (22,246 mi) |
| Inclination | 0.48 degrees |
| Period | 1436.06 minutes |
| Epoch | 25 September 2002[4] |
| Instruments | |
| VHRR | |
Kalpana-1 was the first dedicated meteorological satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle on 12 September 2002. The satellite is three-axis stabilized and is powered by solar panels, getting up to 550 watts (0.74 hp) of power. The METSAT bus was used as the basis for the Chandrayaan lunar orbiter mission of 2008.
History[edit | edit source]
Originally known as MetSat-1, the satellite was the first launched by the PSLV-C4 into the Geostationary orbit. On February 5, 2003, it was renamed to Kalpana-1 by the Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in memory of Kalpana Chawla—an Indian born NASA astronaut who perished in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
The satellite features a Very High Resolution scanning Radiometer (VHRR), for three-band images (visible, infrared, and thermal infrared) with a resolution of 2 km × 2 km (1.2 mi × 1.2 mi), and a Data Relay Transponder (DRT) payload to provide data to weather terrestrial platforms.[3] Its mission were to collect data in layer of clouds, water vapor, and temperature of the atmosphere and to establish a small satellite I-1000 bus system which can meet the exclusive service requirements of a meteorological payload for earth imageries
Kalpana-1 went out of service in mid-2018.[5]
VHRR scanning radiometer[edit | edit source]
The three band images are:
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Kalpana - 1". www.isro.gov.in. ISRO. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
- ↑ "ISAC_website". Indian Space Research Organization. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Geostationary Satellites - Kalpana-1(METSAT)". Indian Space Research Organization. 2009. Archived from the original (aspx) on 14 October 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ↑ "Kalpana-1". 12 July 2018.
- ↑ "Kalpana 1". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. NASA.
