Delhi Republic Day parade: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
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{{Infobox recurring event
{{Infobox recurring event
|image=File:Republic day parade (India) montage.jpg
| image             = File:Republic day parade (India) montage.jpg
|image_size=350px
| image_size         = 350px
|caption='''Clockwise from top left:''' [[Central Industrial Security Force|CISF]] marching contingent (2017); tableau of [[Karnataka]] (2010); a [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|C-17 Globemaster]] flanked by two [[Su-30 MKI]]s (2018); [[T-90]] tanks (2016); daredevil riders of [[Border Security Force|BSF]] (2014); bird’s eye view of [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]] (2013).
| caption           = '''Clockwise from top left:''' [[Central Industrial Security Force|CISF]] marching contingent (2017); tableau of [[Karnataka]] (2010); a [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|C-17 Globemaster]] flanked by two [[Su-30 MKI]]s (2018); [[T-90]] tanks (2016); daredevil riders of [[Border Security Force|BSF]] (2014); bird’s eye view of [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]] (2013).
|begins       = 26 January
| begins             = 26 January
|ends         = 26 January
| ends               = 29 January by Retreat Ceremony
|first       = 26 January 1950
| first             = 26 January 1950
|last         = 26 January 2023
| last               = 26 January 2026
|next         = 26 January 2024
| next               = 26 January 2027
|frequency   = Annual  
| frequency         = Annual
|location     = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| location           = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
|genre     =National patriotic parade
| genre             = National Military And Cultural patriotic parade
|organised   = [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mod.gov.in/dod/ceremonials|title=Ceremonials &#124; Department Of Defence|website=mod.gov.in|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>
| organised         = [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mod.gov.in/dod/ceremonials|title=Ceremonials &#124; Department Of Defence|website=mod.gov.in|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>
|website     = {{url|https://indianrdc.mod.gov.in/}}
[[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of culture]]
| website           = {{URL|https://indianrdc.mod.gov.in/}}
}}
}}


The '''Delhi Republic Day parade''' is the largest and most important of the [[parade]]s marking the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] celebrations in [[India]]. The parade takes place every year on 26 January at [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]], [[New Delhi]]. It is the main attraction of India's Republic Day celebrations, which last for three days. The first parade was held in 1950, and it has been held every year since. The cultural pageant is a symbol of a diverse but united India.<ref name="Republic parade spectacle">{{cite news |title=Republic Day: How India's military parade became a spectacle |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60111564 |access-date=5 February 2022 |work=BBC News |date=26 January 2022}}</ref>
The '''Delhi Republic Day parade''' is the largest and most important of the [[parade]]s marking the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] celebrations in [[India]]. The parade takes place every year on 26 January at [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]], [[New Delhi]]. It is the main attraction of India's Republic Day celebrations, which last for three days. The first parade was held in 1950, and it has been held every year since. The cultural pageant is a symbol of a diverse but united India.<ref name="Republic parade spectacle">{{cite news |title=Republic Day: How India's military parade became a spectacle |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60111564 |access-date=5 February 2022 |work=BBC News |date=26 January 2022}}</ref>


The parade marches from the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] on the Kartvya Path to [[India Gate]] and from there to [[Red Fort]]. It opens with the unfurling of the [[Flag of India|national flag]] by the [[President of India]]. This is followed by marching from several regiments of the [[Indian Army|Army]], [[Indian Navy|Navy]], and [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]], along with their bands. [[Float (parade)|tableaux]] from various states signifying their cultures are displayed. A [[beating retreat]] ceremony signifies the end of the parade.
The parade marches from the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] on the Kartavya Path to [[India Gate]] and from there to [[Red Fort]]. It opens with the unfurling of the [[Flag of India|national flag]] by the [[President of India]]. This is followed by marching from several regiments of the [[Indian Army|Army]], [[Indian Navy|Navy]], and [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]], along with their bands, and [[Float (parade)|tableaux]] from various states signifying their cultures are displayed. A [[beating retreat]] ceremony signifies the end of the parade.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Rajendra Prasad readies to take part in the first Republic Day parade.jpg|thumb|President [[Rajendra Prasad]] ''(in the horse-drawn carriage)'' readies to take part in the first Republic Day parade on [[Rajpath]], New Delhi, in 1950.]]
[[File:Rajendra Prasad readies to take part in the first Republic Day parade.jpg|thumb|President [[Rajendra Prasad]] ''(in the horse-drawn carriage)'' during the first parade in 1950.]]


The first Republic Day Parade was held on 26 January 1950, led by then Brigadier Moti Sagar of the Gorkha Regiment, during which the [[President of Indonesia]] [[Sukarno]] was the chief guest. The flypast of that parade included aircraft such as [[North American T-6 Texan|Harvards]], [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]]s, [[Douglas DC-3|Dakotas]], [[Hawker Tempest]], [[Spitfires]] and jet planes comprising a total of more than a hundred aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/republic-day-10-things-you-did-not-know-barack-obama-narendra-modi-237416-2015-01-26|title=10 things you did not know about Republic Day|date=26 January 2015|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> The venue was Irwin Amphitheater, now known as Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium. The parades are the legacy of the British Raj, as a showcase of power to the rival States. Since time immemorial the parades have been a show of strength, mystical prowess of the empires and nation-state, legacy of triumph, and inspiring loyalty to the  State. The Prussian State was the pioneer of modern military parades. Indian leaders attached military parades to the Republic Day to commemorate the triumph of a new sovereign strong republic against the colonial power. Consequently, among many other innovations, the unique and grand cultural tableux was included as an integral part of the parade symbolising a strong and diverse republic, replete with symbols of a larger nationalism incorporating massive regional diversity. With time the colonial symbols have been systematically pushed away, and an [[indianisation]] has happened.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=Why does India celebrate Republic Day with a military parade? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-republic-day-military-parade-significance-8405248/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
The first Republic Day Parade was held on 26 January 1950, led by then Brigadier Moti Sagar of the [[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha Regiment]], during which the [[President of Indonesia]] [[Sukarno]] was the chief guest. The flypast of that parade included aircraft such as [[North American T-6 Texan|Harvards]], [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]]s, [[Douglas DC-3|Dakotas]], [[Hawker Tempest]], [[Spitfires]] and jet planes comprising a total of more than a hundred aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/republic-day-10-things-you-did-not-know-barack-obama-narendra-modi-237416-2015-01-26|title=10 things you did not know about Republic Day|date=26 January 2015|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> The venue was Irwin Amphitheater, now known as Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium. The parades are the legacy of the British Raj, as a showcase of power to the rival States. Since time immemorial the parades have been a show of strength, mystical prowess of the empires and nation-state, legacy of triumph, and inspiring loyalty to the  State. The Prussian State was the pioneer of modern military parades. Indian leaders attached military parades to the Republic Day to commemorate the triumph of a new sovereign strong republic against the colonial power. Consequently, among many other innovations, the unique and grand cultural tableaux were included as an integral part of the parade symbolising a strong and diverse republic, replete with symbols of a larger nationalism incorporating massive regional diversity. With time the colonial symbols have been systematically pushed away, and an [[indianisation]] has happened.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=Why does India celebrate Republic Day with a military parade? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-republic-day-military-parade-significance-8405248/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The 75th Delhi Republic Day parade]in 2024 was celebrated as a Golden Jubilee milestone, marking a significant occasion in the history of the event.


==Parade==
==Parade==
[[Image:BSF-Republic day.jpeg|thumb|The unique [[Border Security Force Camel Band|BSF Camel Contingent]] during the annual [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] Parade in 2015.]]
[[Image:BSF-Republic day.jpeg|thumb|The [[Border Security Force Camel Band|BSF Camel Contingent]] during the 2015 parade.]]
To mark the Republic Day, an annual parade is held in New Delhi, starting at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (the President's residence), and proceeding along the Kartavya Path, past the [[India Gate]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=Eastern Fare |url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |title=India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day |publisher=Efi-news.com |date=26 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083307/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |archive-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref> Prior to its commencement, the Prime Minister lays a floral wreath at the [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]] (previously at the [[Amar Jawan Jyoti]] memorial) at one end of Kartavya Path, which is followed by two minutes silence in the memory of fallen soldiers. Thereafter he/she reaches the main dais at Kartavya Path to join other dignitaries. Subsequently the President arrives along with the chief guest of the occasion. They are escorted on horseback by the [[President's Bodyguard]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
To mark the Republic Day, an annual parade is held in New Delhi, starting at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (the President's residence), and proceeding along the Kartavya Path, past the [[India Gate]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=Eastern Fare |url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |title=India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day |publisher=Efi-news.com |date=26 January 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083307/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |archive-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref> Prior to its commencement, the Prime Minister lays a floral wreath at the [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]] (previously at the [[Amar Jawan Jyoti]] memorial) at one end of Kartavya Path, which is followed by two minutes silence in the memory of fallen soldiers. Thereafter he/she reaches the main dais at Kartavya Path to join other dignitaries. Subsequently, the President arrives along with the chief guest of the occasion. They are escorted on horseback by the [[President's Bodyguard]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}


First, the president unfurls the [[National flag]], as the National Anthem [[Jana Gana Mana]] is played, and a 21-gun salute is fired by the Indian Army Regiment of Artillery as the PBG renders the National Salute and its standard is dipped. Next, as the PBG trots off the dais, important awards like the [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashok Chakra]] and [[Param Vir Chakra]] are given away by the President. The President comes forward to award the medals of bravery to the people from the armed forces for their exceptional courage in the field and also the civilians, who have distinguished themselves by their different acts of valour in different situations, either in military, civilian or disaster scenarios. This is followed by the regiments of Armed Forces starting their march past, led by the parade commander and his second in command, followed by living receipents of gallantry medals of the Republic. Following the march past of the armed forces follows the march of personnel belonging to the federal security organizations and the Delhi Police, which marches also on behalf of all territorial, state, city and municipal police forces. Children who are recipients of the [[National Bravery Award]] ride past the spectators on colourfully decorated elephants or vehicles.<ref name="pib-2005">[http://india.gov.in/outerwin.htm?id=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=15034&kwd=national+bravery National Bravery Awards-2005] Press Release, [[Govt. of India]].</ref>
First, the president unfurls the [[National flag]], as the National Anthem [[Jana Gana Mana]] is played, and a 21-gun salute is fired by the Indian Army Regiment of Artillery as the PBG renders the National Salute and its standard is dipped. Next, as the PBG trots off the dais, important awards like the [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashok Chakra]] and [[Param Vir Chakra]] are given away by the President. The President comes forward to award the medals of bravery to the people from the armed forces for their exceptional courage in the field and also the civilians, who have distinguished themselves by their different acts of valour in different situations, either in military, civilian or disaster scenarios. This is followed by the regiments of Armed Forces starting their march past, led by the parade commander and their second in command, followed by living recipients of gallantry medals of the Republic. Following the march past of the armed forces follows the march of personnel belonging to the federal security organizations and the Delhi Police, which marches also on behalf of all territorial, state, city and municipal police forces. Children who are recipients of the [[National Bravery Award]] ride past the spectators on colourfully decorated elephants(in the past) or vehicles.<ref name="pib-2005">[http://india.gov.in/outerwin.htm?id=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=15034&kwd=national+bravery National Bravery Awards-2005] Press Release, [[Govt. of India]].</ref>


[[File:A spectacular overview of the 55th Republic Day Parade-2004 from India Gate in New Delhi on January 26, 2004.jpg|thumb|left|An overview of the 55th Republic Day Parade from [[India Gate]] in 2004.]]
[[File:A spectacular overview of the 55th Republic Day Parade-2004 from India Gate in New Delhi on January 26, 2004.jpg|thumb|left|The 2004 parade from [[India Gate]].]]


18 to 24 different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force (total nearly 55)) with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The [[President of India]] who is the [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and other civil forces also take part in this parade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm |title=Chap |publisher=Mod.nic.in |access-date=22 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307214958/http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm |archive-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> One of the unique sights of the parade is the camel mounted [[Border Security Force]] contingent, which is the only camel mounted military force in the world.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} The best [[National Cadet Corps (India)|NCC]] cadets, selected from all over the country consider it an honour to participate in this event, as do the school children from various schools in the capital. They spend many days preparing for the event and no expense is spared to see that every detail is taken care of, from their practice for the drills, the essential props and their uniforms. 22 to 30 floats exhibiting the cultures of the various states and union territories of India, including floats of union ministries and state enterprises are in the grand parade, which is broadcast nationwide on television and radio. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that particular state accompany each display. Each display brings out the diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb01-05/body.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214034734/http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb01-05/body.html |archive-date=14 February 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> People from different parts of the country enjoy watching the representation of their state rolling along in the parade.<ref name="Republic parade spectacle" /> Around 1200 schoolchildren present cultural dances as part of the parade.<ref>{{cite news|author=Age Correspondent |location=New Delhi |url=http://www.asianage.com/delhi/1200-schoolkids-take-part-r-day-parade-612 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108120353/http://www.asianage.com/delhi/1200-schoolkids-take-part-r-day-parade-612 |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2018 |title=1,200 schoolkids to take part in R-Day parade |newspaper=The Asian Age |date=15 January 2012 |access-date=22 July 2012 }}</ref> The 2016 Republic Day marked the return of K-9 Dog Squad to the parade after 26 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/army-dogs-march-down-rajpath-on-republic-day-after-26-years/|title=Army dogs march down Rajpath on Republic Day after 26 years|date=26 January 2016|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>
18 to 24 different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force (total nearly 55)) with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The [[President of India]] who is the [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and other civil forces also take part in this parade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm |title=Chap |publisher=Mod.nic.in |access-date=22 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307214958/http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm |archive-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> One of the unique sights of the parade is the camel mounted [[Border Security Force]] contingent, which is the only camel mounted military force in the world.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} The best [[National Cadet Corps (India)|NCC]] cadets, selected from all over the country consider it an honour to participate in this event, as do the school children from various schools in the capital. They spend many days preparing for the event and no expense is spared to see that every detail is taken care of, from their practice for the drills, the essential props and their uniforms. 22 to 30 floats exhibiting the cultures of the various states and union territories of India, including floats of union ministries and state enterprises are in the grand parade, which is broadcast nationwide on television and radio. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that particular state accompany each display. Each display brings out the diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb01-05/body.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214034734/http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb01-05/body.html |archive-date=14 February 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> People from different parts of the country enjoy watching the representation of their state rolling along in the parade.<ref name="Republic parade spectacle" /> Around 1200 schoolchildren present cultural dances as part of the parade.<ref>{{cite news |location=New Delhi |url=http://www.asianage.com/delhi/1200-schoolkids-take-part-r-day-parade-612 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108120353/http://www.asianage.com/delhi/1200-schoolkids-take-part-r-day-parade-612 |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2018 |title=1,200 schoolkids to take part in R-Day parade |newspaper=The Asian Age |date=15 January 2012 |access-date=22 July 2012 }}</ref> The 2016 Republic Day marked the return of K-9 Dog Squad to the parade after 26 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/army-dogs-march-down-rajpath-on-republic-day-after-26-years/|title=Army dogs march down Rajpath on Republic Day after 26 years|date=26 January 2016|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>


The parade traditionally ends with dare devil motor cycle riding display by motorcycle units of the Armed Forces and civil security services and a [[flypast]] by the [[Indian Air Force]] jets and helicopters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/republic-day-celebration/celebrations.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118233857/http://knowindia.gov.in/republic-day-celebration/celebrations.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2018|title=Republic Day Celebration - Celebrations - Know India: National Portal of India|website=knowindia.gov.in|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> In 2019, the flypast included aircraft such as [[Su 30 MKI]], [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]], [[Mig 29]], [[C-17 Globemaster]] and [[HAL Rudra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1561491|title=Curtain Raiser – Republic Day Celebrations 2019|date=25 January 2019|website=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>
The parade traditionally ends with dare devil motor cycle riding display by motorcycle units of the Armed Forces and civil security services and a [[flypast]] by the [[Indian Air Force]] jets and helicopters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/republic-day-celebration/celebrations.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118233857/http://knowindia.gov.in/republic-day-celebration/celebrations.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2018|title=Republic Day Celebration - Celebrations - Know India: National Portal of India|website=knowindia.gov.in|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> In 2019, the flypast included aircraft such as [[Su 30 MKI]], [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]], [[Mig 29]], [[C-17 Globemaster]] and [[HAL Rudra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1561491|title=Curtain Raiser – Republic Day Celebrations 2019|date=25 January 2019|website=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>


A full dress rehearsal parade is organised on 23 January every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/1027180/republic-day-full-dress-rehearsal-check-out-grand-display-of-indian-military-contingents-array-of-tanks-fighter-planes/|title=Republic Day full dress rehearsal: Check out grand display of Indian military contingents, array of tanks, fighter planes|date=23 January 2018|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=11 January 2020|quote=Every year on January 23, Republic Day full dress rehearsal happens.}}</ref>
A full dress rehearsal parade is organised on 23 January every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/1027180/republic-day-full-dress-rehearsal-check-out-grand-display-of-indian-military-contingents-array-of-tanks-fighter-planes/|title=Republic Day full dress rehearsal: Check out grand display of Indian military contingents, array of tanks, fighter planes|date=23 January 2018|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=11 January 2020|quote=Every year on January 23, Republic Day full dress rehearsal happens.}}</ref>
To promote gender equality and women empowerment, in 2024, most of the contingents, including the motorcycle acrobat teams were composed entirely of women.<ref>{{cite news |title=India celebrates Republic Day with women-led parade |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68091821 |access-date=26 January 2024 |date=26 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=75th Republic Day parade women-centric, 100 women play musical instruments |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/75th-republic-day-parade-to-be-women-centric-100-women-to-play-musical-instruments-101706235008416.html |access-date=26 January 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>


===Tableaux===
===Tableaux===
[[File:The tableau of Tamil Nadu passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 68th Republic Day Parade 2017, in New Delhi on January 26, 2017.jpg|thumb|The tableau of [[Tamil Nadu]] passes through the Kartavya Path, on the occasion of the 68th Republic Day Parade 2017, in New Delhi on 26 January 2017]]
[[File:The tableau of Tamil Nadu passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 68th Republic Day Parade 2017, in New Delhi on January 26, 2017.jpg|thumb|The tableau of [[Tamil Nadu]] passes through the Kartavya Path during the 2017 parade.]]
The selection process of the tableaux is conducted by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], which involves a number of guidelines. The ministry recommends that tableaux represent a historical event, heritage, culture, development programmes and environment. The tableaux must not carry any logos and should carry some animation and sound.<ref name="tableau" />
The selection process of the tableaux is conducted by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], which involves a number of guidelines. The ministry recommends that tableaux represent a historical event, heritage, culture, development programmes and environment. The tableaux must not carry any logos and should carry some animation and sound.<ref name="tableau" />


Proposals are invited from [[Union government ministries of India|union ministries]] and [[List of agencies of the government of India|departments]] of the [[Government of India|union government of India]], and from [[states and union territories of India]] within a fixed deadline. The proposals are examined by a committee of experts from [[The arts|arts]] fields. The examination process involves 2 rounds. The first round provides suggestions for modifications, after evaluating the sketches and designs. The second round evaluates [[Three-dimensional space|three-dimensional]] models, after which a final judgement is passed by the committee.<ref name="tableau">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-only-some-states-get-to-have-republic-day-tableau/articleshow/73137057.cms|title=Why only some states get to have Republic Day tableau|last=Das|first=Anjishnu|date=8 January 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>
Proposals are invited from [[Union government ministries of India|union ministries]] and [[List of agencies of the government of India|departments]] of the [[Government of India|union government of India]], and from [[states and union territories of India]] within a fixed deadline. The proposals are examined by a committee of experts from [[The arts|arts]] fields. The examination process involves 2 rounds. The first round provides suggestions for modifications, after evaluating the sketches and designs. The second round evaluates [[Three-dimensional space|three-dimensional]] models, after which a final judgement is passed by the committee.<ref name="tableau">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-only-some-states-get-to-have-republic-day-tableau/articleshow/73137057.cms|title=Why only some states get to have Republic Day tableau|last=Das|first=Anjishnu|date=8 January 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>  A system was introduced in 2024, which gives every state and union territory a chance to showcase their tableau during the Republic Day parade once every three years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Republic Day 2024 parade {{!}} Under new deal, each State can field tableau once in three years |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/all-states-union-territories-may-get-to-showcase-tableau-once-in-three-years/article67727789.ece |access-date=26 January 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=10 January 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=All states, UTs to get equal chance to display tableaux during Republic Day parade: Govt |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/all-states-uts-to-get-equal-chance-to-display-tableaux-during-republic-day-parade-govt-officials-9104143/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=11 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>


===Beating Retreat===
===Beating Retreat===
{{see also | Military Music Wing | Indian military bands | Indian Army Chief's Band | Deshon Ka Sartaj Bharat | Samman Guard }}
{{see also | Military Music Wing | Indian military bands | Indian Army Chief's Band | Deshon Ka Sartaj Bharat | Samman Guard }}
[[File:The Band performing at the ‘Beating Retreat’ ceremony, at Vijay Chowk, in New Delhi on January 29, 2018 (5).jpg|thumb|left|The Band performing at [[Beating Retreat#India|Beating Retreat ceremony]] at [[Vijay Chowk]] on 29 January 2018.]]
[[File:The Band performing at the ‘Beating Retreat’ ceremony, at Vijay Chowk, in New Delhi on January 29, 2018 (5).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Beating Retreat#India|Beating Retreat ceremony]] at [[Vijay Chowk]] on 29 January 2018.]]


The [[Beating Retreat#India|Indian Beating Retreat]] ceremony officially denotes the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the [[Tri-Services Band|bands of the three wings of the military]], the [[Indian Army]], [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]]. The venue is [[Raisina Hill]] and an adjacent square, [[Vijay Chowk]], flanked by the [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|north and south block]] of the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (President's Palace) towards the end of Kartavya Path.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
The [[Beating Retreat#India|Indian Beating Retreat]] ceremony officially denotes the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the [[Tri-Services Band|bands of the three wings of the military]], the [[Indian Army]], [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]]. The venue is [[Raisina Hill]] and an adjacent square, [[Vijay Chowk]], flanked by the [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|north and south block]] of the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (President's Palace) towards the end of Kartavya Path.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}


The Chief Guest of the function is the [[President of India]] who arrives escorted by the Presidential Body Guard (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by playing of the Indian National Anthem, [[Jana Gana Mana]], by the Army developed the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like the National Song of India ''[[Vande Mataram]]'', [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s favourite hymn ''[[Vaishnava Jana To]]'', ''[[Saare Jahan Se Achcha]]'', ''[[Abide With Me (hymn)|Abide With Me]]'' and ''[[Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo]]'' at the end.<ref name="pib-2011">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=69432|title=Curtain Raiser – Beating Retreat Ceremony 2011|date=28 January 2011|publisher=Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref name="tt">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Beating-Retreat-weaves-soul-stirring-musical-evening/articleshow/7386283.cms|title=Beating Retreat weaves soul-stirring musical evening|date=29 January 2011|work=The Times of India }}</ref><ref name="toi">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-30/delhi/28374820_1_republic-day-celebrations-bands-ceremony|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104134834/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-30/delhi/28374820_1_republic-day-celebrations-bands-ceremony|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Martial music rings down the curtain|date=30 January 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Narendra and other dignitaries at the ‘Beating Retreat’ ceremony 2022.jpg|thumb|PM Modi and other dignitaries at the Beating Retreat ceremony in 2022.]]
The Chief Guest of the function is the [[President of India]] who arrives escorted by the Presidential Body Guard (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by playing of the Indian National Anthem, [[Jana Gana Mana]], by the Army developed the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like the National Song of India ''[[Vande Mataram]]'', [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s favourite hymn ''[[Vaishnava Jana To]]'', ''[[Saare Jahan Se Achcha]]'', ''[[Abide With Me (hymn)|Abide With Me]]'' and ''[[Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo]]'' at the end.<ref name="pib-2011">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=69432|title=Curtain Raiser – Beating Retreat Ceremony 2011|date=28 January 2011|publisher=Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref name="tt">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Beating-Retreat-weaves-soul-stirring-musical-evening/articleshow/7386283.cms|title=Beating Retreat weaves soul-stirring musical evening|date=29 January 2011|work=The Times of India }}</ref><ref name="toi">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Martial-music-rings-down-the-curtain/articleshow/7386605.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104134834/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-30/delhi/28374820_1_republic-day-celebrations-bands-ceremony|url-status=live|archive-date=4 November 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Martial music rings down the curtain|date=30 January 2011}}</ref>


Mostly, after Republic Day Celebrations Schools and Colleges Observe Holiday on 27 January.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
Mostly, after Republic Day Celebrations Schools and Colleges Observe Holiday on 27 January.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
Line 60: Line 64:
In 2016, [[French Army]] soldiers and a [[Musique de l’Artillerie|French Army Band]] took part in the 67th Republic Day parade. This marked the first time since the beginning of the parade in 1950, that a foreign army contingent marched down the Rajpath during the Republic Day parade.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
In 2016, [[French Army]] soldiers and a [[Musique de l’Artillerie|French Army Band]] took part in the 67th Republic Day parade. This marked the first time since the beginning of the parade in 1950, that a foreign army contingent marched down the Rajpath during the Republic Day parade.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
!Year
!scope="col"|Year
!Country
!scope="col"|Country
!Unit
!scope="col"|Unit
!Contigent Details
!scope="col"|Contingent Details
!Photo
!scope="col"|Photo
|-
|-
|2016<ref>{{cite news |date=25 January 2016 |title=Republic Day 2016: A look at what is special this time |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/republic-day-2016-a-look-at-what-is-special-this-time/ |access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>
|2016<ref>{{cite news |date=25 January 2016 |title=Republic Day 2016: A look at what is special this time |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/republic-day-2016-a-look-at-what-is-special-this-time/ |access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>
|{{flag|France}}
|{{flag|France}}
|[[File:Insigne35RI.jpg|frameless|34x34px]]  [[35th Infantry Regiment (France)|35th Infantry Regiment]]
!scope="row"|[[File:Insigne35RI.jpg|frameless|34x34px]]  [[35th Infantry Regiment (France)|35th Infantry Regiment]]
|76 soldiers
|76 soldiers
48-member [[Musique de l’Artillerie|band]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Republic Day parade: French soldiers create history by marching down Rajpath |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/republic-day-parade-french-soldiers-create-history-by-marching-down-rajpath/articleshow/50728279.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-01-26}}</ref>
48-member [[Musique de l’Artillerie|band]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Republic Day parade: French soldiers create history by marching down Rajpath |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/republic-day-parade-french-soldiers-create-history-by-marching-down-rajpath/articleshow/50728279.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-01-26}}</ref>
Line 75: Line 79:
|2017<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republic Day 2017: UAE Soldiers Lead March At Parade On Rajpath |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/republic-day-2017-uae-soldiers-lead-march-at-parade-on-rajpath-1652862 |access-date=21 December 2019 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|2017<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republic Day 2017: UAE Soldiers Lead March At Parade On Rajpath |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/republic-day-2017-uae-soldiers-lead-march-at-parade-on-rajpath-1652862 |access-date=21 December 2019 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|[[File:UAE Presidential Guard.svg|frameless|38x38px]] [[United Arab Emirates Presidential Guard]]
!scope="row"|[[File:UAE Presidential Guard.svg|frameless|38x38px]] [[United Arab Emirates Presidential Guard]]
|149 soldiers
|149 soldiers
35-member [[United Arab Emirates Armed Forces Band|band]]
35-member [[United Arab Emirates Armed Forces Band|band]]
Line 82: Line 86:
|2021<ref>{{cite news |date=24 January 2021 |title=122 Bangladesh Armed Forces personnel to participate in India's Republic Day parade |language=en |work=The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/india/news/122-bangladesh-armed-forces-personnel-participate-indias-republic-day-parade-2033005?amp |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref>
|2021<ref>{{cite news |date=24 January 2021 |title=122 Bangladesh Armed Forces personnel to participate in India's Republic Day parade |language=en |work=The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/india/news/122-bangladesh-armed-forces-personnel-participate-indias-republic-day-parade-2033005?amp |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref>
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[File:বাংলাদেশ সশস্ত্র বাহিনীর প্রতীক.svg|frameless|30px]] [[Bangladesh Armed Forces]]
!scope="row"|[[File:বাংলাদেশ সশস্ত্র বাহিনীর প্রতীক.svg|frameless|30px]] [[Bangladesh Armed Forces]]
|122 soldiers <ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Neeta |last2=Som |first2=Vishnu |last3=Pullanoor |first3=Harish |last4=ANI |date=23 January 2021 |title=Bangladesh Contingent To Lead Republic Day Parade Marking 50 Years Of Liberation |work=NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bangladesh-contingent-to-lead-republic-day-parade-marking-50-years-of-liberation-2357043?amp=1&akamai-rum=off |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref>
|90 soldiers
32-member band<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Neeta |last2=Som |first2=Vishnu |last3=Pullanoor |first3=Harish |last4=ANI |date=23 January 2021 |title=Bangladesh Contingent To Lead Republic Day Parade Marking 50 Years Of Liberation |work=NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bangladesh-contingent-to-lead-republic-day-parade-marking-50-years-of-liberation-2357043?amp=1&akamai-rum=off |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
|2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republic Day 2023 parade: Egyptian contingent marches on Kartavya Path. Watch |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/republic-day-2023-parade-egyptian-contingent-marches-on-kartavya-path-9942191.html |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>
|2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republic Day 2023 parade: Egyptian contingent marches on Kartavya Path. Watch |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/republic-day-2023-parade-egyptian-contingent-marches-on-kartavya-path-9942191.html |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Moneycontrol |date=26 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|{{flagicon image|Emblem of the Egyptian Armed Force.png|size=30px}} [[Egyptian Armed Forces]]
!scope="row"|[[File:Seal of the Egyptian Armed Forces.svg|38x38px]] [[Egyptian Armed Forces]]
|144 soldiers
|144 soldiers
12-member band
12-member band
||[[File:Marching Egyptian Contigent participating in the full dress rehearsal of Republic day Parade 2023 in India.jpg|200x200px]]
||[[File:Marching Egyptian Contigent participating in the full dress rehearsal of Republic day Parade 2023 in India.jpg|200x200px]]
|-
|2024<ref>{{cite news |title=Republic Day 2024: 6 Indians among French contingent in parade; 5 points |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/republic-day-2024-6-indians-among-french-contingent-in-parade-5-points-124012600285_1.html |access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref>
|{{Flagicon|France}}[[France]]
!scope="row"|[[File:Insigne du 2e Régiment Etranger d'Infanterie.jpg|34x34px]]
[[2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment (France)|2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment]]
|95 soldiers
33-member band
|[[File:French Armed Forces - Republic day parade 2024.jpg|200x200px]]
|-
|2025<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/international/members-of-indonesias-marching-contingent-excited-over-visit-to-india-participation-in-r-day-parade/|title=Insignia of the Indonesian National Armed Forces |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=www.lokmattimes.com}}</ref>
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
!scope="row"|[[File:Insignia of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.svg|38x38px]] [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]]
|152 soldiers
190-member band
||[[File:Indonesian marchig contingent - Indian Republic day Parade Rehearsal 2025.jpg|200x200px]]
|-
|2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-26 |title=Republic Day 2026: European Union contingent displays institutional unity, support for international maritime security - Public TV English |url=https://english.publictv.in/republic-day-2026-european-union-contingent-displays-institutional-unity-support-for-international-maritime-security/ |access-date=2026-01-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|{{flag|European Union}}
!scope="row"|[[File:Coat of arms of the European Union Military Staff.svg|38x38px]] [[Defence forces of the European Union]]
|5 soldiers
||
|}
|}


Line 100: Line 126:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Year !! width="350px" | '''Best Marching Contingent among the three services'''!! width="350px" | '''Best Marching Contingent among CAPFs/other auxiliary forces'''
!scope="col"| Year  
!scope="col" width="350px" | Best Marching Contingent among Services
!scope="col" width="350px" | Best Marching Contingent among CAPFs/other auxiliary forces
|-
|-
| 1983 ||[[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (Senior Under Officer Ubhay Bharti Trikha) ||  
| 1983
|[[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (Senior Under Officer Ubhay Bharti Trikha)
| {{abbr|NA|Not applicable}}
|-
|-
| 1991 ||[[Madras Engineer Group]] (Second Lieutenant Vivek Jaswal) ||
| 1991
|[[Madras Engineer Group]] (Second Lieutenant Vivek Jaswal)
| {{abbr|NA|Not applicable}}
|-
|-
|1994 ||[[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha Regiment]] (Major J. S. Tanwar) ||
|1994
|[[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha Regiment]] (Major J. S. Tanwar)
| {{abbr|NA|Not applicable}}
|-
|-
| 1995 ||[[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha Regiment]] ||  
| 1995
|[[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha Regiment]]
| {{abbr|NA|Not applicable}}
|-
|-
| 1996 ||[[Brigade of the Guards]] (Captain Arun Malik) ||
| 1996
|[[Brigade of the Guards]] (Captain Arun Malik)
| {{abbr|NA|Not applicable}}
|-
|-
| 1997 ||[[Madras Engineer Group]] (Lieutenant Pranay Dangwal) ||[[Border Security Force]]
| 1997
|[[Madras Engineer Group]] (Lieutenant Pranay Dangwal)
|[[Border Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 1998 ||[[Bombay Engineer Group]] (Captain Atul Suryavanshi) ||[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
| 1998
|[[Bombay Engineer Group]] (Captain Atul Suryavanshi)
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|-
|-
| 1999 || [[Bihar Regiment]]
| 1999
|[[Bihar Regiment]]
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|-
|-
| 2000 || [[Indian Air Force]]
| 2000
| [[Indian Air Force]]
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|-
|-
| 2001 ||[[Madras Regiment]]||[[Delhi Police]]
| 2001
|[[Madras Regiment]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|-
|-
| 2002 || [[Indian Navy]]
| 2002
|[[Indian Navy]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|-
|-
| 2003 ||[[Madras Engineer Group]]||[[Delhi Police]]
| 2003
|[[Madras Engineer Group]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|-
|-
| 2004 || [[Indian Navy]]
| 2004
|[[Indian Navy]]
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|-
|-
| 2005<ref name="2005 awards">{{cite web|title=Prizes for Republic Day Parade 2005 Participating Contingents|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=6824|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=1 February 2005}}</ref>||[[Sikh Regiment]]||[[Delhi Police]]
| 2005<ref name="2005 awards">{{cite web|title=Prizes for Republic Day Parade 2005 Participating Contingents|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=6824|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=1 February 2005}}</ref>
|[[Sikh Regiment]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|-
|-
| 2006 || [[Bihar Regiment]]
| 2006
|[[Bihar Regiment]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|-
|-
| 2007 ||[[Jat Regiment]]||[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
| 2007
|[[Jat Regiment]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 2008 ||[[Rajputana Rifles]]||[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
| 2008
|[[Rajputana Rifles]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 2009<ref name="2009 awards">{{cite web|title=Republic Day Parade Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=47180|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=2 February 2009}}</ref>||[[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]]||[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
| 2009<ref name="2009 awards">{{cite web|title=Republic Day Parade Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=47180|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=2 February 2009}}</ref>
|[[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|-
|-
| 2010<ref name="2010 awards">{{cite web|title=Dogra, CRPF Best in R-Day Parade, Sangeet Natak Akademibags Tableau Award|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=57462|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=30 January 2010}}</ref>||[[Dogra Regiment]]||[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
| 2010<ref name="2010 awards">{{cite web|title=Dogra, CRPF Best in R-Day Parade, Sangeet Natak Akademibags Tableau Award|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=57462|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=30 January 2010}}</ref>
|[[Dogra Regiment]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|-
|-
| 2011 ||[[Indian Air Force]]||[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
| 2011
|[[Indian Air Force]]
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|-
|-
| 2012<ref name="2012 awards">{{cite web|title=Republic Day – 2012 Awards|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=79939|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=28 January 2017}}</ref>||[[Indian Air Force]]||[[Border Security Force]]
| 2012<ref name="2012 awards">{{cite web|title=Republic Day – 2012 Awards|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=79939|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=28 January 2017}}</ref>
|[[Indian Air Force]]
|[[Border Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 2013<ref name="2013_award">{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/iaf-navy-adjudged-best-marching-contingents-among-services/articleshow/18258000.cms | work=The Times of India | title=IAF, Navy adjudged best marching contingents among Services | date=30 January 2013}}</ref>||[[Indian Air Force]] and [[Indian Navy]]||[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
| 2013<ref name="2013_award">{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/iaf-navy-adjudged-best-marching-contingents-among-services/articleshow/18258000.cms | work=The Times of India | title=IAF, Navy adjudged best marching contingents among Services | date=30 January 2013}}</ref>
|[[Indian Air Force]] and [[Indian Navy]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 2014<ref name="2014_award">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/army-s-sikh-light-infantry-wins-best-marching-contingent-award-114012801070_1.html|title=Army's Sikh Light Infantry wins best marching contingent award|agency=Press Trust of India|date=28 January 2014|access-date=21 December 2019|via=Business Standard|newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref>||[[Sikh Light Infantry]]||[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
| 2014<ref name="2014_award">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/army-s-sikh-light-infantry-wins-best-marching-contingent-award-114012801070_1.html|title=Army's Sikh Light Infantry wins best marching contingent award|agency=Press Trust of India|date=28 January 2014|access-date=21 December 2019|via=Business Standard|newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref>
|[[Sikh Light Infantry]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|-
|-
| 2015<ref name="2015_awards" />||[[Brigade of the Guards]] and [[Sikh Regiment]]||[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
| 2015<ref name="2015_awards" />
|[[Brigade of the Guards]] and [[Sikh Regiment]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 2016<ref name="2016_award" />||[[Assam Regiment]]||[[Border Security Force]]
| 2016<ref name="2016_award" />
|[[Assam Regiment]]
|[[Border Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 2017<ref name="2017 awards">{{cite web|title=Republic Day Parade – 2017 Awards announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157736|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=28 January 2017}}</ref>||[[Madras Engineer Group]]||[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
| 2017<ref name="2017 awards">{{cite web|title=Republic Day Parade – 2017 Awards announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157736|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=29 January 2017|date=28 January 2017}}</ref>
|[[Madras Engineer Group]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 2018<ref name="2018_awards" />||[[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]]||[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
| 2018<ref name="2018_awards" />
|[[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]]
|[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]
|-
|-
| 2019<ref name="2019_awards">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/r-day-parade-gorkha-brigade-wins-best-marching-contingent-award-721299|title=R-Day Parade: Gorkha Brigade wins best marching contingent award|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>||[[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha Regiment]]||[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
| 2019<ref name="2019_awards">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/r-day-parade-gorkha-brigade-wins-best-marching-contingent-award-721299|title=R-Day Parade: Gorkha Brigade wins best marching contingent award|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>
|[[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha Regiment]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|-
|-
| 2020<ref>{{cite news |last1=ANI |title=IAF adjudged best marching contingent among 3 services at R-Day parade {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iaf-adjudged-best-marching-contingent-among-3-services-at-r-day-parade/articleshow/73672612.cms |access-date=1 February 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=27 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Republic Day 2020: CISF wins best marching contingent award |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/republic-day-2020-cisf-wins-best-marching-contingent-award-799051.html |access-date=1 February 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=28 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>||[[Indian Air Force]]||[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
| 2020<ref>{{cite news |last1=ANI |title=IAF adjudged best marching contingent among 3 services at R-Day parade {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iaf-adjudged-best-marching-contingent-among-3-services-at-r-day-parade/articleshow/73672612.cms |access-date=1 February 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=27 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Republic Day 2020: CISF wins best marching contingent award |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/republic-day-2020-cisf-wins-best-marching-contingent-award-799051.html |access-date=1 February 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=28 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Indian Air Force]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|-
|-
| 2021<ref>{{cite news |title=Jat Regimental Centre, Delhi Police best marching contingents at Republic Day Parade |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jat-regimental-centre-delhi-police-best-marching-contingents-at-republic-day-parade/article33696696.ece |access-date=30 January 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=29 January 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref> || [[Jat Regiment]]||[[Delhi Police]]
| 2021<ref>{{cite news |title=Jat Regimental Centre, Delhi Police best marching contingents at Republic Day Parade |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jat-regimental-centre-delhi-police-best-marching-contingents-at-republic-day-parade/article33696696.ece |access-date=30 January 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=29 January 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|[[Jat Regiment]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|-
|-
| 2022<ref name="2022 awards">{{cite news |last1=DelhiFebruary 4 |first1=Manjeet Negi Shilpi Sen New |title=Republic Day parade: UP wins best tableau award, Indian Navy chosen best marching contingent |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rday-parade-up-best-tableau-indian-navy-best-marching-contingent-among-services-1908877-2022-02-04 |access-date=5 February 2022 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| 2022<ref name="2022 awards">{{cite news |last1=DelhiFebruary 4 |first1=Manjeet Negi Shilpi Sen New |title=Republic Day parade: UP wins best tableau award, Indian Navy chosen best marching contingent |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rday-parade-up-best-tableau-indian-navy-best-marching-contingent-among-services-1908877-2022-02-04 |access-date=5 February 2022 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Indian Navy]]||[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|[[Indian Navy]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|-
|-
|2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best marching contingents & tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2023 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1894768 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=pib.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|2023<ref name=":2023 awards" />
|[[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]]
|[[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|-
|2024<ref name=":2024 awards" />
|[[Sikh Regiment]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|-
|2025<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=Raksha Rajya Mantri presents awards to best Marching Contingents and Tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2025 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2097650 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|-
|2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2026 |title=Republic Day Parade 2026: Best Marching Contingents and Tableaux announced|url= https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2219846&reg=3&lang=2#:~:text=The%20three%20panels%20of%20judges,other%20auxiliary%20Forces%20%E2%80%93%20Delhi%20Police |access-date=29 January 2026 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|[[Indian Navy]]
|[[Delhi Police]]
|}
|}


Line 178: Line 274:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Year !! First !! Second !! Third
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| First
!scope="col"| Second
!scope="col"| Third
|-
|-
| 1981 || [[Goa]]<ref name=Francisco_Martins>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050206/spectrum/main7.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref> ||  ||
| 1981 || [[Goa]]<ref name=Francisco_Martins>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050206/spectrum/main7.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref> ||  ||
Line 229: Line 328:
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|-
| 2019<ref name=2019_awards /> || [[Tripura]] || [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| 2019<ref name=2019_awards /> || [[Tripura]]|| [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|-
|-
|2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=379449|title=Assam tableau wins first prize at 71st Republic Day parade|website=www.newsonair.com|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>
|2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=379449|title=Assam tableau wins first prize at 71st Republic Day parade|website=www.newsonair.com|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>
Line 246: Line 345:
|[[Meghalaya]]
|[[Meghalaya]]
|-
|-
|2023<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Best marching contingents & tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2023 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1894768 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=pib.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|2023<ref name=":2023 awards">{{Cite web |title=Best marching contingents & tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2023 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1894768 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=pib.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Uttarakhand]]  
|[[Uttarakhand]]  
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
|2024<ref name=":2024 awards">{{Cite web |title=Best marching contingents & tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2024 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2000684 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=pib.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Odisha]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|2025<ref name=":0" />
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Tripura]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|2026<ref name=":Rishiraj Mahajan" />
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|[[Kerala]]
|}
|}


===Best tableaux among the Union Ministries and Departments===
===Best tableaux among the Ministries/Departments===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Year'''
!scope="col"| Year
!Union Ministry / Department
!scope="col"| Ministry/Department
|-
|-
|2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityspidey.com/news/11162/republic-day-tableaux-of-ministry-of-jal-shakti-ndrf-named-best|title=Republic Day: Tableaux of Ministry of Jal Shakti, NDRF named best|website=www.cityspidey.com|language=en-GB|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>
|2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityspidey.com/news/11162/republic-day-tableaux-of-ministry-of-jal-shakti-ndrf-named-best|title=Republic Day: Tableaux of Ministry of Jal Shakti, NDRF named best|website=www.cityspidey.com|language=en-GB|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>
Line 266: Line 380:
|[[Ministry of Education]] and [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]]
|[[Ministry of Education]] and [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]]
|-
|-
|2023<ref name=":0" />
|2023<ref name=":2023 awards" />
|[[Ministry of Tribal Affairs]]
|[[Ministry of Tribal Affairs]]
|-
|2024<ref name=":2024 awards" />
|[[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]]
|-
|2025<ref name=":0" />
|[[Ministry of Tribal Affairs]]
|-
|2026<ref name=":Rishiraj Mahajan" />
|[[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]]
|}
|}


===Popular Choice Awards===
===Popular Choice Awards===
In 2022, for the first time, the public were allowed to vote for their favourite floats and marching contingents using the [[MyGov.in|MyGov]] app.<ref name="2022 awards" /> The floats with the most votes are declared the winners.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mygov.in/group-poll/vote-your-favorite-tableau-republic-day-2022/ | title=Vote for your favorite Tableau at Republic Day 2022 | date=23 January 2022 }}</ref> Thus, the state award is skewed towards states with large populations.
In 2022, for the first time, the public were allowed to vote for their favourite floats and marching contingents using the [[MyGov.in|MyGov]] app.<ref name="2022 awards" /> The floats with the most votes are declared the winners.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mygov.in/group-poll/vote-your-favorite-tableau-republic-day-2022/ | title=Vote for your favorite Tableau at Republic Day 2022 | date=23 January 2022 }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Year'''
! rowspan="2" |'''Year'''
!State / Union Territory !!| Military Forces !!| Central Armed Police Forces!!| Union Ministry / Department
! colspan="3" |Best State / Union Territory tableaux !! rowspan="2"| Best Marching Contingent among Services!! rowspan="2" | Best Marching Contingent among CAPFs/other auxiliary forces!! rowspan="2" | Best tableaux among the Ministries/Departments
|-
!First
!Second
!Third
|-
|-
|2022
|2022<ref name="2022 awards" />
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|[[Indian Air Force]]
|[[Indian Air Force]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|[[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]] and [[India Post|Department of Post]]
|[[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]]
|-
|-
|2023
|2023<ref name=":2023 awards" />
|Gujarat
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Indian Air Force]]
|[[Indian Air Force]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
|[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
|-
|2024<ref name=":2024 awards" />
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Rajputana Rifles]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF Woman]]
|[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
|-
|2025<ref name=":0" />
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|[[Indian Army Corps of Signals]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|[[Ministry of Women and Child Development]]
|-
|2026<ref name=":Rishiraj Mahajan" />
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|[[Assam Regiment]]
|[[Central Reserve Police Force]]
|[[Ministry of Education|Deptt. of School Education & Literacy]]
|}
|}


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:2.{{note|61}} [[Duke of Edinburgh]] [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]] also accompanied [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] during the parade.<ref name="timescontent1961">{{cite web|url=http://www.timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/123836/News/Pandit-Jawaharlal-Nehru-Queen-Eliza.html |title=Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, News Photo, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth be |publisher=Timescontent.com |date=26 January 1961 |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>
:2.{{note|61}} [[Duke of Edinburgh]] [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]] also accompanied [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] during the parade.<ref name="timescontent1961">{{cite web|url=http://www.timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/123836/News/Pandit-Jawaharlal-Nehru-Queen-Eliza.html |title=Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, News Photo, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth be |publisher=Timescontent.com |date=26 January 1961 |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>
:3.{{note|62a}}Danish Prime Minister attended Republic Day in Madras ([[Chennai]]).<ref name=ProQuest365725781>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|365725781}} |title=DANISH PREMIER TO VISIT INDIA |work=The Times of India |date=4 January 1962 |page=7 }}</ref>
:3.{{note|62a}}Danish Prime Minister attended Republic Day in Madras ([[Chennai]]).<ref name=ProQuest365725781>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|365725781}} |title=DANISH PREMIER TO VISIT INDIA |work=The Times of India |date=4 January 1962 |page=7 }}</ref>
:4.{{note|66}}No invitations were sent out possibly due to the demise of [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] on 11 January 1966 in [[Tashkent]]. The new government headed by [[Indira Gandhi]] was sworn on 24 January 1966 (only two days before the Republic Day).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OOmK1lPWq80C&q=indira+gandhi+1966+republic+day&pg=PA277 |title=Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi |author= Pranay Gupte  |date=15 February 2012 |access-date=1 August 2018|isbn=9780143068266 }}</ref>
:4.{{note|66}}No invitations were sent out possibly due to the demise of [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] on 11 January 1966 in [[Tashkent]]. The new government headed by [[Indira Gandhi]] was sworn on 24 January 1966 (only two days before the Republic Day).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OOmK1lPWq80C&q=indira+gandhi+1966+republic+day&pg=PA277 |title=Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi |author= Pranay Gupte  |date=15 February 2012 |publisher=Penguin Books India |access-date=1 August 2018|isbn=9780143068266 }}</ref>
:5.{{note|67a}}For the first time, the President of India ([[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]) could not take the salute at the Republic Day parade due to ill-health.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQAuAQAAIAAJ&q=For+the+first+time+in+18+years,+the+President+of+India+could+not+take+the+salute+at+the+Republic+Day+parade+in+New+Delhi|title=Asian Recorder|date=25 July 1967|via=Google Books}}</ref> Zahir Shah arrived on 28 January.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMttAAAAMAAJ&q=zahir+shah+afghanistan+1967+india+visit|title=Asian Almanac|date=25 July 1967|publisher=V.T. Sambandan.|via=Google Books}}</ref>
:5.{{note|67a}}For the first time, the President of India ([[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]) could not take the salute at the Republic Day parade due to ill-health.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQAuAQAAIAAJ&q=For+the+first+time+in+18+years,+the+President+of+India+could+not+take+the+salute+at+the+Republic+Day+parade+in+New+Delhi|title=Asian Recorder|date=25 July 1967|via=Google Books}}</ref> Zahir Shah arrived on 28 January.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMttAAAAMAAJ&q=zahir+shah+afghanistan+1967+india+visit|title=Asian Almanac|date=25 July 1967|publisher=V.T. Sambandan.|via=Google Books}}</ref>
:6.{{note|70}}Attended only the [[Beating Retreat#India|Beating Retreat]]<ref name="mealib1">{{Cite web |url=http://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2558%3F000 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503123711/http://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2558%3F000 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="google1970">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eoxAQAAIAAJ&q=1970+Baudouin+india+republic+day|title=Link: Indian Newsmagazine|date=25 July 1970}}</ref>
:6.{{note|70}}Attended only the [[Beating Retreat#India|Beating Retreat]]<ref name="mealib1">{{Cite web |url=http://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2558%3F000 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503123711/http://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2558%3F000 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="google1970">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eoxAQAAIAAJ&q=1970+Baudouin+india+republic+day|title=Link: Indian Newsmagazine|date=25 July 1970}}</ref>
<noinclude>{{Template reference list}}</noinclude>
:7.{{note|72}}This marked the first time [[India]] invited the EU's top leadership jointly for this honour, signalling a major boost to the [[India-EU Strategic Partnership]].<ref name="Rishiraj Mahajan">{{Cite web |title='We all benefit': EU chief says 'successful India makes world more stable', after attending Republic Day parade |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/we-all-benefit-eu-chief-says-successful-india-makes-world-more-stable-after-attending-republic-day-parade/articleshow/127539257.cms|access-date=29 January 2026}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:History of the Republic of India]]
[[Category:History of the Republic of India]]
[[Category:Parades in India]]
[[Category:Parades in India]]
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[[Category:Recurring events established in 1950]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 1950]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Annual events in India]]
[[Category:Organised events in New Delhi]]

Latest revision as of 21:21, 20 March 2026


Delhi Republic Day parade
Clockwise from top left: CISF marching contingent (2017); tableau of Karnataka (2010); a C-17 Globemaster flanked by two Su-30 MKIs (2018); T-90 tanks (2016); daredevil riders of BSF (2014); bird’s eye view of Kartavya Path (2013).
GenreNational Military And Cultural patriotic parade
Begins26 January
Ends29 January by Retreat Ceremony
FrequencyAnnual
Location(s)New Delhi, India
Inaugurated26 January 1950
Most recent26 January 2026
Next event26 January 2027
Organised byMinistry of Defence[1] Ministry of culture
Websiteindianrdc.mod.gov.in

The Delhi Republic Day parade is the largest and most important of the parades marking the Republic Day celebrations in India. The parade takes place every year on 26 January at Kartavya Path, New Delhi. It is the main attraction of India's Republic Day celebrations, which last for three days. The first parade was held in 1950, and it has been held every year since. The cultural pageant is a symbol of a diverse but united India.[2]

The parade marches from the Rashtrapati Bhavan on the Kartavya Path to India Gate and from there to Red Fort. It opens with the unfurling of the national flag by the President of India. This is followed by marching from several regiments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, along with their bands, and tableaux from various states signifying their cultures are displayed. A beating retreat ceremony signifies the end of the parade.

History[edit | edit source]

President Rajendra Prasad (in the horse-drawn carriage) during the first parade in 1950.

The first Republic Day Parade was held on 26 January 1950, led by then Brigadier Moti Sagar of the Gorkha Regiment, during which the President of Indonesia Sukarno was the chief guest. The flypast of that parade included aircraft such as Harvards, Consolidated B-24 Liberators, Dakotas, Hawker Tempest, Spitfires and jet planes comprising a total of more than a hundred aircraft.[3] The venue was Irwin Amphitheater, now known as Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium. The parades are the legacy of the British Raj, as a showcase of power to the rival States. Since time immemorial the parades have been a show of strength, mystical prowess of the empires and nation-state, legacy of triumph, and inspiring loyalty to the State. The Prussian State was the pioneer of modern military parades. Indian leaders attached military parades to the Republic Day to commemorate the triumph of a new sovereign strong republic against the colonial power. Consequently, among many other innovations, the unique and grand cultural tableaux were included as an integral part of the parade symbolising a strong and diverse republic, replete with symbols of a larger nationalism incorporating massive regional diversity. With time the colonial symbols have been systematically pushed away, and an indianisation has happened.[4] The 75th Delhi Republic Day parade]in 2024 was celebrated as a Golden Jubilee milestone, marking a significant occasion in the history of the event.

Parade[edit | edit source]

The BSF Camel Contingent during the 2015 parade.

To mark the Republic Day, an annual parade is held in New Delhi, starting at the Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), and proceeding along the Kartavya Path, past the India Gate.[5] Prior to its commencement, the Prime Minister lays a floral wreath at the National War Memorial (previously at the Amar Jawan Jyoti memorial) at one end of Kartavya Path, which is followed by two minutes silence in the memory of fallen soldiers. Thereafter he/she reaches the main dais at Kartavya Path to join other dignitaries. Subsequently, the President arrives along with the chief guest of the occasion. They are escorted on horseback by the President's Bodyguard.[citation needed]

First, the president unfurls the National flag, as the National Anthem Jana Gana Mana is played, and a 21-gun salute is fired by the Indian Army Regiment of Artillery as the PBG renders the National Salute and its standard is dipped. Next, as the PBG trots off the dais, important awards like the Ashok Chakra and Param Vir Chakra are given away by the President. The President comes forward to award the medals of bravery to the people from the armed forces for their exceptional courage in the field and also the civilians, who have distinguished themselves by their different acts of valour in different situations, either in military, civilian or disaster scenarios. This is followed by the regiments of Armed Forces starting their march past, led by the parade commander and their second in command, followed by living recipients of gallantry medals of the Republic. Following the march past of the armed forces follows the march of personnel belonging to the federal security organizations and the Delhi Police, which marches also on behalf of all territorial, state, city and municipal police forces. Children who are recipients of the National Bravery Award ride past the spectators on colourfully decorated elephants(in the past) or vehicles.[6]

The 2004 parade from India Gate.

18 to 24 different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force (total nearly 55)) with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and other civil forces also take part in this parade.[7] One of the unique sights of the parade is the camel mounted Border Security Force contingent, which is the only camel mounted military force in the world.[citation needed] The best NCC cadets, selected from all over the country consider it an honour to participate in this event, as do the school children from various schools in the capital. They spend many days preparing for the event and no expense is spared to see that every detail is taken care of, from their practice for the drills, the essential props and their uniforms. 22 to 30 floats exhibiting the cultures of the various states and union territories of India, including floats of union ministries and state enterprises are in the grand parade, which is broadcast nationwide on television and radio. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that particular state accompany each display. Each display brings out the diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion.[8] People from different parts of the country enjoy watching the representation of their state rolling along in the parade.[2] Around 1200 schoolchildren present cultural dances as part of the parade.[9] The 2016 Republic Day marked the return of K-9 Dog Squad to the parade after 26 years.[10]

The parade traditionally ends with dare devil motor cycle riding display by motorcycle units of the Armed Forces and civil security services and a flypast by the Indian Air Force jets and helicopters.[11] In 2019, the flypast included aircraft such as Su 30 MKI, Jaguar, Mig 29, C-17 Globemaster and HAL Rudra.[12]

A full dress rehearsal parade is organised on 23 January every year.[13]

To promote gender equality and women empowerment, in 2024, most of the contingents, including the motorcycle acrobat teams were composed entirely of women.[14][15]

Tableaux[edit | edit source]

The tableau of Tamil Nadu passes through the Kartavya Path during the 2017 parade.

The selection process of the tableaux is conducted by the Ministry of Defence, which involves a number of guidelines. The ministry recommends that tableaux represent a historical event, heritage, culture, development programmes and environment. The tableaux must not carry any logos and should carry some animation and sound.[16]

Proposals are invited from union ministries and departments of the union government of India, and from states and union territories of India within a fixed deadline. The proposals are examined by a committee of experts from arts fields. The examination process involves 2 rounds. The first round provides suggestions for modifications, after evaluating the sketches and designs. The second round evaluates three-dimensional models, after which a final judgement is passed by the committee.[16] A system was introduced in 2024, which gives every state and union territory a chance to showcase their tableau during the Republic Day parade once every three years.[17][18]

Beating Retreat[edit | edit source]

See also: Military Music Wing, Indian military bands, Indian Army Chief's Band, Deshon Ka Sartaj Bharat, and Samman Guard
The Beating Retreat ceremony at Vijay Chowk on 29 January 2018.

The Indian Beating Retreat ceremony officially denotes the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. The venue is Raisina Hill and an adjacent square, Vijay Chowk, flanked by the north and south block of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Kartavya Path.[citation needed]

PM Modi and other dignitaries at the Beating Retreat ceremony in 2022.

The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the Presidential Body Guard (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by playing of the Indian National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana, by the Army developed the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like the National Song of India Vande Mataram, Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn Vaishnava Jana To, Saare Jahan Se Achcha, Abide With Me and Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo at the end.[19][20][21]

Mostly, after Republic Day Celebrations Schools and Colleges Observe Holiday on 27 January.[citation needed]

Guest contingents[edit | edit source]

In 2016, French Army soldiers and a French Army Band took part in the 67th Republic Day parade. This marked the first time since the beginning of the parade in 1950, that a foreign army contingent marched down the Rajpath during the Republic Day parade.[citation needed]

Year Country Unit Contingent Details Photo
2016[22]  France 35th Infantry Regiment 76 soldiers

48-member band[23]

2017[24]  United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Presidential Guard 149 soldiers

35-member band

2021[25]  Bangladesh Bangladesh Armed Forces 90 soldiers

32-member band[26]

2023[27]  Egypt Egyptian Armed Forces 144 soldiers

12-member band

2024[28] FranceFrance

2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment

95 soldiers

33-member band

2025[29]  Indonesia Indonesian National Armed Forces 152 soldiers

190-member band

2026[30]  European Union Defence forces of the European Union 5 soldiers

Awards[edit | edit source]

Best marching contingents[edit | edit source]

Year Best Marching Contingent among Services Best Marching Contingent among CAPFs/other auxiliary forces
1983 National Cadet Corps (Senior Under Officer Ubhay Bharti Trikha) NA
1991 Madras Engineer Group (Second Lieutenant Vivek Jaswal) NA
1994 Gorkha Regiment (Major J. S. Tanwar) NA
1995 Gorkha Regiment NA
1996 Brigade of the Guards (Captain Arun Malik) NA
1997 Madras Engineer Group (Lieutenant Pranay Dangwal) Border Security Force
1998 Bombay Engineer Group (Captain Atul Suryavanshi) Indo-Tibetan Border Police
1999 Bihar Regiment Indo-Tibetan Border Police
2000 Indian Air Force Indo-Tibetan Border Police
2001 Madras Regiment Delhi Police
2002 Indian Navy Delhi Police
2003 Madras Engineer Group Delhi Police
2004 Indian Navy Indo-Tibetan Border Police
2005[31] Sikh Regiment Delhi Police
2006 Bihar Regiment Delhi Police
2007 Jat Regiment Central Industrial Security Force
2008 Rajputana Rifles Central Industrial Security Force
2009[32] Territorial Army Central Reserve Police Force
2010[33] Dogra Regiment Central Reserve Police Force
2011 Indian Air Force Indo-Tibetan Border Police
2012[34] Indian Air Force Border Security Force
2013[35] Indian Air Force and Indian Navy Central Industrial Security Force
2014[36] Sikh Light Infantry Central Reserve Police Force
2015[37] Brigade of the Guards and Sikh Regiment Central Industrial Security Force
2016[38] Assam Regiment Border Security Force
2017[39] Madras Engineer Group Central Industrial Security Force
2018[40] Punjab Regiment Indo-Tibetan Border Police
2019[41] Gorkha Regiment Central Reserve Police Force
2020[42][43] Indian Air Force Central Industrial Security Force
2021[44] Jat Regiment Delhi Police
2022[45] Indian Navy Central Industrial Security Force
2023[46] Punjab Regiment Central Reserve Police Force
2024[47] Sikh Regiment Delhi Police
2025[48] Jammu and Kashmir Rifles Delhi Police
2026[49] Indian Navy Delhi Police

Best three tableaux[edit | edit source]

Year First Second Third
1981 Goa[50]
1988 Goa[50]
1989 Goa[50]
1990 Goa[50]
1991 Goa[50]
1995 Goa[50]
2000 Goa[50]
2001 Rajasthan Ministry of Railways Gujarat and Jammu and Kashmir
2002 Jammu and Kashmir
2003 Goa Assam Uttar Pradesh
2005[31] Karnataka Ministry of Law and Justice Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ministry of Railways
2007[51] Odisha Ministry of Culture Maharashtra
2008 Kerala Karnataka Ministry of Human Resource Development
2009[32] Kerala Maharashtra Tamil Nadu and Jammu and Kashmir
2010[33] Ministry of Culture Goa Chhattisgarh
2011 Delhi Karnataka Rajasthan
2012[34] Ministry of Human Resource Development Goa Karnataka
2013[35] Kerala Rajasthan Chhattisgarh
2014[36] West Bengal Tamil Nadu Assam
2015[37] Maharashtra Jharkhand Karnataka
2016[38] West Bengal Tripura Assam
2017[39] Arunachal Pradesh Tripura Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu
2018[40] Maharashtra Assam Chhattisgarh
2019[41] Tripura Jammu and Kashmir Punjab
2020[52] Assam Odisha Uttar Pradesh
2021[53] Uttar Pradesh Tripura Uttarakhand
2022[45] Uttar Pradesh Karnataka Meghalaya
2023[46] Uttarakhand Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh
2024[47] Odisha Gujarat Tamil Nadu
2025[48] Uttar Pradesh Tripura Andhra Pradesh
2026[54] Maharashtra Jammu and Kashmir Kerala

Best tableaux among the Ministries/Departments[edit | edit source]

Year Ministry/Department
2020[55] National Disaster Response Force and Ministry of Jal Shakti
2021[53] Department of Biotechnology
2022[45] Ministry of Education and Ministry of Civil Aviation
2023[46] Ministry of Tribal Affairs
2024[47] Ministry of Culture
2025[48] Ministry of Tribal Affairs
2026[54] Ministry of Culture

Popular Choice Awards[edit | edit source]

In 2022, for the first time, the public were allowed to vote for their favourite floats and marching contingents using the MyGov app.[45] The floats with the most votes are declared the winners.[56]

Year Best State / Union Territory tableaux Best Marching Contingent among Services Best Marching Contingent among CAPFs/other auxiliary forces Best tableaux among the Ministries/Departments
First Second Third
2022[45] Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Indian Air Force Central Reserve Police Force Ministry of Communications
2023[46] Gujarat Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Indian Air Force Central Reserve Police Force Ministry of Home Affairs
2024[47] Gujarat Uttar Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Rajputana Rifles CRPF Woman Ministry of Home Affairs
2025[48] Gujarat Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand Indian Army Corps of Signals Central Reserve Police Force Ministry of Women and Child Development
2026[54] Gujarat Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Assam Regiment Central Reserve Police Force Deptt. of School Education & Literacy

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

1.^ On each of these occasions, Lady Edwina Mountbatten from United Kingdom was also the official guest for the parade.[57][58]
2.^ Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip also accompanied Queen Elizabeth II during the parade.[59]
3.^ Danish Prime Minister attended Republic Day in Madras (Chennai).[60]
4.^ No invitations were sent out possibly due to the demise of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on 11 January 1966 in Tashkent. The new government headed by Indira Gandhi was sworn on 24 January 1966 (only two days before the Republic Day).[61]
5.^ For the first time, the President of India (Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan) could not take the salute at the Republic Day parade due to ill-health.[62] Zahir Shah arrived on 28 January.[63]
6.^ Attended only the Beating Retreat[64][65]
7.^ This marked the first time India invited the EU's top leadership jointly for this honour, signalling a major boost to the India-EU Strategic Partnership.[66]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Ceremonials | Department Of Defence". mod.gov.in. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Republic Day: How India's military parade became a spectacle". BBC News. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  3. ↑ "10 things you did not know about Republic Day". India Today. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  4. ↑ "Why does India celebrate Republic Day with a military parade?". The Indian Express. 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  5. ↑ "India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day". Efi-news.com. Eastern Fare. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012.
  6. ↑ National Bravery Awards-2005 Press Release, Govt. of India.
  7. ↑ "Chap". Mod.nic.in. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  8. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ↑ "1,200 schoolkids to take part in R-Day parade". The Asian Age. New Delhi. 15 January 2012. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  10. ↑ "Army dogs march down Rajpath on Republic Day after 26 years". 26 January 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  11. ↑ "Republic Day Celebration - Celebrations - Know India: National Portal of India". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  12. ↑ "Curtain Raiser – Republic Day Celebrations 2019". Press Information Bureau. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  13. ↑ "Republic Day full dress rehearsal: Check out grand display of Indian military contingents, array of tanks, fighter planes". The Financial Express. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2020. Every year on January 23, Republic Day full dress rehearsal happens.
  14. ↑ "India celebrates Republic Day with women-led parade". 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  15. ↑ "75th Republic Day parade women-centric, 100 women play musical instruments". Hindustan Times. 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Das, Anjishnu (8 January 2020). "Why only some states get to have Republic Day tableau". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  17. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (10 January 2024). "Republic Day 2024 parade | Under new deal, each State can field tableau once in three years". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  18. ↑ "All states, UTs to get equal chance to display tableaux during Republic Day parade: Govt". The Indian Express. 11 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  19. ↑ "Curtain Raiser – Beating Retreat Ceremony 2011". Ministry of Defence. 28 January 2011.
  20. ↑ "Beating Retreat weaves soul-stirring musical evening". The Times of India. 29 January 2011.
  21. ↑ "Martial music rings down the curtain". The Times of India. 30 January 2011. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
  22. ↑ "Republic Day 2016: A look at what is special this time". The Indian Express. 25 January 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
  23. ↑ "Republic Day parade: French soldiers create history by marching down Rajpath". The Economic Times. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  24. ↑ "Republic Day 2017: UAE Soldiers Lead March At Parade On Rajpath". NDTV.com. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  25. ↑ "122 Bangladesh Armed Forces personnel to participate in India's Republic Day parade". The Daily Star. 24 January 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  26. ↑ Sharma, Neeta; Som, Vishnu; Pullanoor, Harish; ANI (23 January 2021). "Bangladesh Contingent To Lead Republic Day Parade Marking 50 Years Of Liberation". NDTV.com. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  27. ↑ "Republic Day 2023 parade: Egyptian contingent marches on Kartavya Path. Watch". Moneycontrol. 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  28. ↑ "Republic Day 2024: 6 Indians among French contingent in parade; 5 points". Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  29. ↑ "Insignia of the Indonesian National Armed Forces". www.lokmattimes.com. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  30. ↑ "Republic Day 2026: European Union contingent displays institutional unity, support for international maritime security - Public TV English". 26 January 2026. Retrieved 26 January 2026.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Prizes for Republic Day Parade 2005 Participating Contingents". pib.nic.in. 1 February 2005. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Republic Day Parade Awards Announced". pib.nic.in. 2 February 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Dogra, CRPF Best in R-Day Parade, Sangeet Natak Akademibags Tableau Award". pib.nic.in. 30 January 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Republic Day – 2012 Awards". pib.nic.in. 28 January 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "IAF, Navy adjudged best marching contingents among Services". The Times of India. 30 January 2013.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Army's Sikh Light Infantry wins best marching contingent award". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 28 January 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2019 – via Business Standard.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Republic Day Parade – 2015 Awards Announced". pib.nic.in. Government of India. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Republic Day Parade – 2016 Awards Announced". pib.nic.in. Government of India. 28 January 2016.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Republic Day Parade – 2017 Awards announced". pib.nic.in. 28 January 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Maharashtra wins best tableau prize in Republic Day parade". The Hindu. 28 January 2018. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Service, Tribune News. "R-Day Parade: Gorkha Brigade wins best marching contingent award". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  42. ↑ ANI (27 January 2020). "IAF adjudged best marching contingent among 3 services at R-Day parade | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  43. ↑ "Republic Day 2020: CISF wins best marching contingent award". Deccan Herald. 28 January 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  44. ↑ "Jat Regimental Centre, Delhi Police best marching contingents at Republic Day Parade". The Hindu. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 DelhiFebruary 4, Manjeet Negi Shilpi Sen New. "Republic Day parade: UP wins best tableau award, Indian Navy chosen best marching contingent". India Today. Retrieved 5 February 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 "Best marching contingents & tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2023 announced". pib.gov.in. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 "Best marching contingents & tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2024 announced". pib.gov.in. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 "Raksha Rajya Mantri presents awards to best Marching Contingents and Tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2025". Press Information Bureau. 30 January 2025. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  49. ↑ "Republic Day Parade 2026: Best Marching Contingents and Tableaux announced". Press Information Bureau. 28 January 2026. Retrieved 29 January 2026.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 "The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  51. ↑ "Orissa bags Best Tableau award". The Hindu. 29 January 2007. Retrieved 21 December 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.
  52. ↑ "Assam tableau wins first prize at 71st Republic Day parade". www.newsonair.com. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Peri, Dinakar (28 January 2021). "Republic Day parade: Uttar Pradesh wins best tableau award". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :Rishiraj Mahajan
  55. ↑ "Republic Day: Tableaux of Ministry of Jal Shakti, NDRF named best". www.cityspidey.com. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  56. ↑ "Vote for your favorite Tableau at Republic Day 2022". 23 January 2022.
  57. ↑ "REPUBLIC DAY IN DELHI: Parade In Heart Of City". The Times of India. 22 January 1956. p. 4. ProQuest 501661043.
  58. ↑ British Pathé (13 April 2014). "Republic Celebration (1964)" – via YouTube.
  59. ↑ "Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, News Photo, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth be". Timescontent.com. 26 January 1961. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  60. ↑ "DANISH PREMIER TO VISIT INDIA". The Times of India. 4 January 1962. p. 7. ProQuest 365725781.
  61. ↑ Pranay Gupte (15 February 2012). Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780143068266. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  62. ↑ "Asian Recorder". 25 July 1967 – via Google Books.
  63. ↑ "Asian Almanac". V.T. Sambandan. 25 July 1967 – via Google Books.
  64. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  65. ↑ Link: Indian Newsmagazine. 25 July 1970.
  66. ↑ "'We all benefit': EU chief says 'successful India makes world more stable', after attending Republic Day parade". The Times of India. Retrieved 29 January 2026.
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