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{{ | {{Short description|City in Tamil Nadu, India}} | ||
{{ | {{About|the city in Tamil Nadu, India|}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Erode | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = City | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | ||
| | | photo1a=Cauvery at Erode.JPG | ||
| | | photo1b=Erode District Collector's Office.jpg | ||
| | | photo2a=Erode-Junction-Railway-Station-ED.JPG | ||
| photo2b=Erode brough road.JPG | |||
| photo3a=Thindal4.jpg | |||
| spacing = 1 | |||
| size = 250 | |||
| position = center | |||
| border = 0 | |||
| foot_montage = From top, left to right: [[Kaveri river]], [[Erode district|District collectorate]], [[Erode Junction railway station]], Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai and [[Thindal Murugan Temple]] | |||
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}} | }} | ||
| nicknames = Turmeric city <br /> Textile city | |||
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu | |||
| pushpin_label_position = right | |||
| pushpin_map_alt = | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|11|20|27.2|N|77|43|01.6|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | |||
| subdivision_name = India | |||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | |||
| subdivision_type2 = | |||
| subdivision_type3 = [[District]] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]] | |||
| subdivision_name2 = | |||
| subdivision_name3 = [[Erode District|Erode]] | |||
| founder = | |||
| named_for = | |||
| parts_type = | |||
| parts = | |||
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]] | |||
| governing_body = [[Erode Municipal Corporation]] | |||
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor of Erode|Mayor]] | |||
| leader_name1 = S. Nagarathinam ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]) | |||
| unit_pref = Metric | |||
| area_footnotes = | |||
| area_total_km2 = 109.52 | |||
| area_rank = | |||
| elevation_footnotes = | |||
| elevation_m = 175.3<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earth.google.com|title=Coordinates and Elevation|publisher=[[Google Earth]]|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> | |||
| elevation_ft = 575.1 | |||
| population_total = 157,101 | |||
| population_metro = 521,776 | |||
| population_as_of = 2011 | |||
| population_footnotes = | |||
| population_density_km2 = | |||
| population_rank = [[List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu|7th in Tamil Nadu]] | |||
| population_urban = | |||
| population_demonym = | |||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | |||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | |||
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | |||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | |||
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | |||
| postal_code = 6380xx | |||
| area_code = 91 (424) | |||
| area_code_type = Telephone code | |||
| registration_plate = TN 33 (East), TN 86 (West) | |||
| blank_name_sec1 = [[GDP]] (2020) | |||
| blank_info_sec1 = {{USD|4.70|year=2020|link=yes}} billion<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/8188/overview|title=City overview|work=Metroverse|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> | |||
| blank1_name_sec2 = | |||
| blank1_info_sec2 = | |||
| website = {{URL|http://erodecorporation.gov.in}} | |||
| footnotes = | |||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]] | |||
| official_name = | |||
}} | |||
'''Erode''' ({{IPA|ta|iːɾoːɽɯ|lang}}; īrōṭu), is a city in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is located on the banks of the [[Kaveri river]] and is surrounded by the [[Western Ghats]]. It is the [[List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu|seventh largest]] urban agglomeration in Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative capital of [[Erode district]] and is administered by the [[Erode Municipal Corporation]] which was established in 2008. | |||
Erode formed part of the [[Kongu Nadu]] region ruled by the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]] during the [[Sangam period]] between the 1st and the 4th centuries CE. The [[medieval Cholas]] conquered the region in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in the 15th century followed by the [[Madurai Nayaks|Nayaks]] who introduced the [[Polygar|Polygar system]]. In the later part of the 18th century, the it came under the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and following the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]], the [[British East India Company]] annexed it to the [[Madras Presidency]] in 1799. The region played a prominent role in the second [[Poligar War]] (1801) when it was the area of operations of [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]]. | |||
Post [[Independence of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947, Erode was part of [[Coimbatore district]]. It was established as the capital of the newly formed Erode district in 1979. It forms part of [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode Lok Sabha constituency]] that elects its [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|member of parliament]]. The city is a major agricultural, industrial and educational hub. It is amongst the largest producers of [[turmeric]] in the state and [[Erode Turmeric]] is recognized as a [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] by the [[Government of India]]. The textile boom in the early 20th century and rapid growth due to industrialization has seen Erode becoming a major producer of [[handloom]] and [[knitwear]]. | |||
== Etymology == | |||
There are two theories regarding the origin of the name Erode. It might have its origin in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] phrase ''Eeru Odai'' meaning ''two streams'' based on the water courses [[Perumpallam Canal|Perumpallam]] and [[Pichaikaranpallam Canal|Pichaikaranpallam canals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://erode.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/|title=History of Erode district|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Alternatively, it might have been derived from the Tamil phrase ''Eera Odu'' meaning 'wet skull', based on the temple of [[Shiva]] in the city and the [[Hindu mythology|mythology]] associated with it.<ref>{{cite book|title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities, and Historic Sights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzIer-wYbnQC&q=erode+wet+skull&pg=PA119|page=119|last=Room|first=Adrian|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-1814-5|year=2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Concise Dictionary of World Place Names|author=John Everett-Heath|year=2017|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19255-646-2|page=655}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Madras Geographical Association: Volumes 5-6|year=1931|publisher=[[Indian Geographical Society]]|page=31-32}}</ref> | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
During [[Sangam period]], the region formed a part of the [[Kongu Nadu]] region ruled by [[Chera Dynasty|Cheras]] and then by [[Kalabhra dynasty|Kalabhras]]. The region came under the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyas]] around 590 [[Common Era|CE]]. Afterward, it was ruled by [[Rashtrakutas]] and by [[Cholas]] from the 10th to early 13th century. Erode was annexed by [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in 1378 CE till 1559 CE. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the [[Madurai Nayaks]] established their state as an independent kingdom introducing the [[Polygar|Palayakkarar system]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=The land called Kongunad|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/19/stories/2005111902090200.htm|access-date=9 June 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 November 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528171005/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/19/stories/2005111902090200.htm|archive-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> Erode became a part of the Hindu [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wodeyar]]-ruled [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Kingdom]] in the early 1700s CE before coming under the control of the [[British East India Company]] with [[Maharaja of Mysore]] still as a nominal ruler. Erode remained under [[British Raj|British Colonial]] rule until the Indian independence in 1947.<ref name="history">{{cite web|title=Historical moments|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_Historical%20moments.htm |publisher=Erode Corporation|access-date=29 December 2012 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224145248/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_Historical%20moments.htm |archive-date=24 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Historical moments of Erode district|url=http://erode.nic.in/aboutdist.htm|publisher=Erode District Administration|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011}}</ref> | |||
==Climate== | |||
Erode has a [[semi-arid climate]] with hot to sweltering temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures range from {{cvt|80|to(-)|96|°F|°C|order=flip}} with an average rainfall of {{convert|543|mm|in|1}}. Like the rest of Tamil Nadu, March to June are the hottest and December to January the mildest months of the year. Because [[Monsoon of South Asia|the Southwest monsoon]] (June to August) brings scanty rainfall, the bulk of Erode's rainfall is received during [[Monsoon of South Asia|the Northeast monsoon]] in October and November. The city covers an area of {{cvt|8.44|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_About%20City.htm|title=About Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726001227/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_About%20City.htm|archive-date=26 July 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> | |||
Erode has a [[semi-arid climate]] with hot to sweltering temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures range from {{ | |||
{{Weather box|width = auto | {{Weather box|width = auto | ||
|location = Erode ( | |location = Erode (1991–2020) | ||
| metric first = Yes | | metric first = Yes | ||
| single line = Yes | | single line = Yes | ||
| Jan record high C = 37.0 | | Jan record high C = 37.0 | ||
| Feb record high C = 37.2 | | Feb record high C = 37.2 | ||
| Line 89: | Line 101: | ||
| Jul record high C = 39.0 | | Jul record high C = 39.0 | ||
| Aug record high C = 40.0 | | Aug record high C = 40.0 | ||
| Sep record high C = 39. | | Sep record high C = 39.6 | ||
| Oct record high C = 38.6 | | Oct record high C = 38.6 | ||
| Nov record high C = 36.2 | | Nov record high C = 36.2 | ||
| Line 135: | Line 147: | ||
| rain colour = green | | rain colour = green | ||
| Jan rain mm = 1.6 | | Jan rain mm = 1.6 | ||
| Feb rain mm = | | Feb rain mm = 5.4 | ||
| Mar rain mm = | | Mar rain mm = 12.5 | ||
| Apr rain mm = | | Apr rain mm = 46.4 | ||
| May rain mm = | | May rain mm = 84.6 | ||
| Jun rain mm = | | Jun rain mm = 15.1 | ||
| Jul rain mm = | | Jul rain mm = 19.7 | ||
| Aug rain mm = | | Aug rain mm = 71.3 | ||
| Sep rain mm = | | Sep rain mm = 66.5 | ||
| Oct rain mm = | | Oct rain mm = 146.0 | ||
| Nov rain mm = | | Nov rain mm = 118.6 | ||
| Dec rain mm = 18. | | Dec rain mm = 18.7 | ||
| year rain mm = 606.5 | |||
| Jan rain days = 0.2 | | Jan rain days = 0.2 | ||
| Feb rain days = 0.3 | | Feb rain days = 0.3 | ||
| Mar rain days = 0.4 | | Mar rain days = 0.4 | ||
| Apr rain days = 2. | | Apr rain days = 2.2 | ||
| May rain days = 4. | | May rain days = 4.2 | ||
| Jun rain days = 1.2 | | Jun rain days = 1.2 | ||
| Jul rain days = 1. | | Jul rain days = 1.5 | ||
| Aug rain days = 3. | | Aug rain days = 3.8 | ||
| Sep rain days = 4. | | Sep rain days = 4.5 | ||
| Oct rain days = | | Oct rain days = 9.2 | ||
| Nov rain days = | | Nov rain days = 7.0 | ||
| Dec rain days = 2. | | Dec rain days = 2.3 | ||
| year rain days = | | year rain days = 36.9 | ||
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | | time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| Jan humidity = 56 | | Jan humidity = 56 | ||
| Line 173: | Line 186: | ||
| Dec humidity = 63 | | Dec humidity = 63 | ||
|year humidity = 56 | |year humidity = 56 | ||
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals> | |source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web | ||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | |||
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 | |||
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]] | |||
| access-date = April 8, 2024 | |||
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals> | |||
{{cite web | {{cite web | ||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | ||
| Line 203: | Line 221: | ||
|2011|498129 | |2011|498129 | ||
|footnote=Sources: | |footnote=Sources: | ||
* 1901 – 2001<ref | * 1901 – 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=Census population by towns and urban agglomerations|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/india/census-population-by-towns-and-urban-agglomerations-tamil-nadu/census-population-tamil-nadu-erode|work=CEIC|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> | ||
* 2011<ref name="Smart">{{cite web|title=Smart City Challenge-Erode|url=http://www.smartcitieschallenge.in/city/erode|publisher=Government of India|access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref> | * 2011<ref name="Smart">{{cite web|title=Smart City Challenge-Erode|url=http://www.smartcitieschallenge.in/city/erode|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=15 December 2015|archive-date=10 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110080349/https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/bloomberg-philanthropies-partners-with-the-government-on-india-to-encourage-smarter-urban-development-that-improves-peoples-lives/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{bar box|title=Religion<ref name=religion2011/>|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]| | {{bar box|title=Religion in Erode city<ref name=religion2011/>|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|DarkOrange|83.15}}{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|12.37}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|purple|3.94}}}} | ||
As of 2011, Erode has 521,776<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|year=2013|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> in population with a sex-ratio of 996, above national average of 929. | As of 2011, Erode has 521,776<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|year=2013|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> in population with a sex-ratio of 996, above the national average of 929. A literacy rate of 85% compares favorably to the national average of 73%.<ref name="dashboard" /> The city had 43,184 households, with [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounting for 11% and 0.15% of the population respectively. Of its 66,135 workers, 61,382 are classified as other workers and the rest in agriculture and household industries.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Erode|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=686226|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the 2011 census, [[Hinduism]] was the majority religion with 83% adherents followed by [[Islam]] (12%) and [[Christianity]] (4%).<ref name="religion2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|format=XLS|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is the major spoken language in the city.<ref>{{cite report|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10222/download/13334/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=5 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105145137/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10222/download/13334/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
[[File:Erode rugs.jpg|right|thumb| | [[File:Erode rugs.jpg|right|thumb|[[Textiles]] is a major industry in the city]] | ||
The economy of Erode is dependent majorly on [[agriculture]] and [[textiles]]. It is a major textile hub specializing in [[handloom]] and [[knitwear]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Erode has potential to become textile heaven says Narendra Modi|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-erode-has-potential-to-become-a-textile-heaven-says-narendra-modi-1979317|newspaper=DNA India|date=17 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/possibilities-for-improving-vehicular-traffic-flow-explored/article7627408.ece|title=Possibilities for improving vehicular traffic flow explored|date=8 September 2015|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Erode is among the largest producers of [[turmeric]] in the state.<ref>Prasad S., Aggarwal, B., Turmeric, the Golden Spice; in: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects; editors: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Boca Raton, 2011. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-12-29/news/28384976_1_turmeric-lakh-bags-quintal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118233819/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-12-29/news/28384976_1_turmeric-lakh-bags-quintal|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2015|title=Turmeric at an all-time high price|date=29 December 2009|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> [[Erode Turmeric]] is recognized as a [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/070319/erode-turmeric-gets-gi-tag.html|title=Erode turmeric gets GI tag|date=6 March 2019|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> Several food processing industries and [[poultry]] farms operate in and around the city.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Erode-a-destination-for-food-processing-sector/article14385160.ece| title = Erode, a destination for food processing sector| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]| date = 5 June 2016| last1 = Kathiresan| first1 = Kaviya}}</ref> It is one of the largest markets for [[coconut]] and [[coconut oil]] in South India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Industries.htm|title=Industries Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004816/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Industries.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> | |||
Erode | The [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] of Erode district grew at 15.5% in 2008 ahead of the state's [[GDP]] growth by 4%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/15/stories/2007121553460300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218190238/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/15/stories/2007121553460300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2007|title=Erode GDP is better than that of the State|date=15 December 2007|access-date=1 July 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> According to [[Census of India|Indian Census]] of 2001, urban [[Employment-to-population ratio|workforce participation rate]] for Erode is 35% with growth in [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary]] and [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sectors]] and a corresponding decrease in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]]. Major employment is provided by [[textile industry]], [[Turmeric|turmeric industry]] and oil and [[Rice huller|rice mills]] with 69% of its workforce employed in tertiary sector. Nethaji Market is a wholesale, and retail central market for vegetables and fruits with plans to establish a new wholesale market in the outskirts of the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/erode/tomato-glut-dips-prices-in-market/articleshow/62186164.cms|title=Tomato glut dips prices in market |newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 December 2017|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Shifting-of-market-on-the-anvil/article14426815.ece|title=Shifting of market on the anvil|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 June 2016|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref> | ||
==Administration and politics== | |||
{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#fff; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; width:300px" | |||
{| class="toccolours" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="5" style="background:#a8bdec; text-align:center;"|'''Administration''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"|Mayor||S. Nagarathinam<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/erode/whos-who/chairman/|title=Erode, Mayor|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"|Commissioner||V. Sivakrishnamurthy<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://erode.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/|title=Erode, Who is Who|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Parliament||[[K. E. Prakash]]<ref name="Rit2">{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/government/loksaba|title=Members of Lok Sabha from Tamil Nadu|year=2014|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Parliament||[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||[[S. Muthusamy]] (Erode West)<ref name="MLA2 of Erode2">{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/099.htm|title=MLA of Erode West|year=2011|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128113153/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/099.htm|archive-date=28 January 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||[[S. Muthusamy]] (Erode West)<ref name="MLA2 of Erode2">{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/099.htm|title=MLA of Erode West|year=2011|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128113153/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/099.htm|archive-date=28 January 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||[[ | | style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||[[V. C. Chandhirakumar|V. C. Chandrakumar]] (Erode East)<ref name="MLA1 of Erode2">{{cite web|year=2011|title=Take oath as MLA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/223-take-oath-as-newly-elected-mlas-of-tamil-nadu-assembly/article34534723.ece|access-date=|work=The Hindu}}</ref> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Erode is the headquarters of [[Erode District]] which was bifurcated from [[Coimbatore District]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Erode district|url=https://erode.nic.in/about-district|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410145843/https://erode.nic.in/about-district/|archive-date=10 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is administered by [[Erode Municipal Corporation]]. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1871, promoted to special-grade during 1980 and upgraded as a corporation in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_municipality.htm|title=About the municipality|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001900/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_municipality.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The city is sub-divided into 60 wards represented by elected councillors, who form part of the city council headed by a mayor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/who_Councilors.htm|title=Councillors of municipality|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614172753/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/who_Councilors.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The functions of the corporation are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|title=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|year=2006|publisher=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106103849/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|archive-date=6 November 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> | |||
Erode | Law and order is maintained by Erode sub division of [[Tamil Nadu Police]] headed by a [[Deputy Superintendent of Police]]. There are seven police stations located at [[Karungalpalayam]], Bazaar, [[Surampatti]], [[Veerappanchatram]], Rangampalayam, [[Chithode]] and Government hospital. There are special units like armed reserve, prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a special branch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Police%20stations,%20Fire%20service%20and%20Rescue.htm|title=Erode Police|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004052/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Police%20stations%2C%20Fire%20service%20and%20Rescue.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Erode has two state assembly constituencies namely [[Erode East (State Assembly Constituency)|Erode East]] and [[Erode West (State Assembly Constituency)|Erode West]], which elect members to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years and forms part of the [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency]] that elects its member to the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|year=2010|work=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Tamil Nadu state government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> | ||
==Public services== | |||
{{see|List of Educational Institutions in Erode}} | |||
== | Electricity supply is regulated and distributed by [[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board]]. The city along with its suburbs form a part of Erode Electricity Distribution Circle, headed by a chief distribution engineer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|title=Important Address|year=2011|publisher=Indian Wind Power Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016045943/http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Water supply is provided by Erode Municipality, and is drawn from the [[Kaveri]] river and stored across eight reservoirs. For 2000–01, 14 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm|title=Water Supply Details|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926235346/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> About 110-125 metric tonnes of solid waste were processed by the sanitary department in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|title=Waste management programme|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701061019/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> As there is no underground [[drainage]] system, disposal of [[Greywater|sullage]] is through [[septic tank]]s, [[Open collector|open drains]] and public conveniences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_UGSS.htm|title=Erode sewarage|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_UGSS.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> with its {{convert|192|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[Storm drain|storm water drains]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Strom%20water%20drains.htm|title=Storm water drains of Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Strom%20water%20drains.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Government General Hospital serves as primary center of healthcare with several private hospitals providing supporting care.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|title=Erode hospitals|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802023538/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|archive-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> As of 2011, municipality maintained 4,678 [[Street light|street lamps]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|title=Erode street lights|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908064918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|archive-date=8 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The corporation operates two vegetable markets and a textile market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Markets.htm|title=Erode markets|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113023418/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Markets.htm|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> | ||
{{ | |||
As of 2006, there were 46 [[Education in India|public]] and [[private school]]s with four technical institutes. These include government run schools, schools funded by the government (aided schools) and private schools. These schools come under the purview of the Erode education district and follow Tamil Nadu Anglo Indian School Board, Tamil Nadu State Board, Matriculation or [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] syllabus. There are four playgrounds in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Education%20Institutions.htm|title=Educational Institutions|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004152/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Education%20Institutions.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> | |||
==Transport== | |||
===Road=== | ===Road=== | ||
[[File:Erode | [[File:Erode street life.jpg|thumb|200px|One of the arterial roads in the city]] | ||
Erode maintains {{convert|102|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[Hierarchy of roads|local roads]] with {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[concrete]] and rest [[Asphalt|bituminous]]. Additionally, {{convert|16.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[state highway]]s is maintained by [[List of state highways in Tamil Nadu|State Highways Department]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Roads.htm|title=Erode roads|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926235341/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Roads.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH]] 544 connecting [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] | Erode maintains {{convert|102|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[Hierarchy of roads|local roads]] with {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[concrete]] and rest [[Asphalt concrete|bituminous]]. Additionally, {{convert|16.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[state highway]]s is maintained by [[List of state highways in Tamil Nadu|State Highways Department]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Roads.htm|title=Erode roads|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926235341/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Roads.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH]] 544 connecting [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and [[Coimbatore]] bypasses the city and the National Highway [[NH 381A]] and NH 544H pass through the city. The [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] has a sub-divisional headquarters at Erode (jeeva) under the Coimbatore division. [[Erode Central Bus Terminus]], is the second Largest main bus station complex for Tamil Nadu [[State Express Transport Corporation (Tamil Nadu)|State Express Transport Corporation]] and is well connected with the major cities in Tamil Nadu and neighboring states. Private carriers operate long-distance buses connecting to major cities like [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]] etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnstc.in/counter_address.html|title=S.E.T.C. Tamil Nadu Ltd., Computer reservation centres|year=2011|publisher=Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd.|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-date=27 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327113121/http://www.tnstc.in/counter_address.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/rti/proactive/transport/handbook-tnstc-cbe.pdf|title=Transport Handbook|publisher=Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd.|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011}}</ref> The main arterial roads include: | ||
* [[State Highway 15 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-15]] | * [[State Highway 15 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-15]]: Erode – [[Gobichettipalayam]] – [[Sathy]] – [[Mettupalayam, Coimbatore|Mettupalayam]] – [[Kotagiri]] – [[Ooty]] | ||
* [[State Highway | * [[State Highway 83A (Tamil Nadu)|SH-83A]]: Erode – [[Arachalur]] – [[Kangeyam]] – [[Dharapuram]] | ||
* [[State Highway 79 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-79]] | * [[State Highway 79 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-79]]: Erode – [[Tiruchengode]] – [[Rasipuram]] – [[Attur]] | ||
* SH-79A | * SH-79A: Erode – [[Pallipalayam]] – [[Sankagiri]] | ||
* [[State Highway 84 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-84]] | * [[State Highway 84 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-84]]: Erode – [[Kodumudi]] – [[Karur]] | ||
* SH-84A | * SH-84A: Erode – [[Modakurichi]] – [[Vellakoil]] – [[Mulanur]] | ||
* [[State Highway 96 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-96]] | * [[State Highway 96 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-96]]: Erode – [[Perundurai]] – [[Chennimalai]] – [[Kangeyam]] – [[Dharapuram]] | ||
[[ | * [[State Highway 20 (Tamil Nadu)|SH-20]]: Erode – [[Bhavani]] | ||
===Rail=== | ===Rail=== | ||
[[Erode Junction]] railway station is a major rail junction in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] division of [[Southern Railway Zone (India)|Southern Railway]] with a [[diesel locomotive]] shed and an [[electric locomotive]] shed attached. It also serves as a hub for water filling facilities, food provisions and cleaning services for long-distance trains that run via Erode.<ref>{{ | [[Erode Junction]] railway station is a major rail junction in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] division of [[Southern Railway Zone (India)|Southern Railway]] with a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Erode|diesel locomotive]] shed and an [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|electric locomotive]] shed attached. It also serves as a hub for water filling facilities, food provisions and cleaning services for long-distance trains that run via Erode.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/use-of-water-in-trains-for-bathing-leads-to-shortage/article4190405.ece|title=Use of water in trains for bathing leads to shortage|date=12 December 2012|work=The Hindu|access-date=2013-07-01}}</ref> The following are the lines running from Erode junction: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 311: | Line 302: | ||
===Air=== | ===Air=== | ||
The nearest airport to Erode is | The nearest airport to Erode is [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]] at a distance of {{cvt|84|km}} which is connected to and from Chennai. The major international airport is [[Coimbatore International Airport]] at a distance of {{cvt|91|km}} with regular flights to domestic destinations and select international destinations including [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]] and [[Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/coimbatore-airport-to-get-more-facilities/article4097670.ece|title=Coimbatore airport to get more facilities|date=15 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref> | ||
==Places of interest== | |||
[[File:PERIYAR MEMORIAL HOUSE.jpg|thumb|Periyar Memorial House in Erode]] | |||
The [[Thindal Murugan Temple]], situated {{cvt|6|km}} from the city center, [[Periya Mariamman Temple]], and [[Natadreeswarar Temple]], are prominent religious destinations in the city. While the city was built around a demolished fort, a temple for Arudra Kabaleeswar ([[Shiva]]) praising the [[Saiva]] and one for Kasthuri Ranganatha Perumal ([[Vishnu]]) praising the [[Vaishnava]] aspects of [[Hinduism]] were built. The E.V.R. Museum, [[Vellode Bird Sanctuary]], and Thanthai Periyar Memorial House, the former residence of [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]], who was born in the city, are other major attractions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitor attracts at Erode |publisher=Erode municipality |url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Place%20of%20Tourist.htm |year=2011|access-date=29 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004047/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Place%20of%20Tourist.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Erode museum to host exhibition on A.W. Brough |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/19/stories/2009111951740500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123190042/http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/19/stories/2009111951740500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2009|date=19 November 2009|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date= 29 December 2012}}</ref> [[Brough Memorial Church|CSI Brough Memorial Church]], located on Meenatchi Sundaranar Road was consecrated in 1933 by Antony Watson Brough (1861 -1936), an Australian missionary.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 November 2019|title=Renaming of Brough Road opposed|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/renaming-of-brough-road-opposed/article30054745.ece|access-date=1 June 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | |||
== Notable people == | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | |||
* [[Iswarya Menon]] (born 1995), actress | |||
* [[J.Prabu]] (born 1986), actor and film director | |||
* [[Erode Mahesh|Mahesh]] (born 1981), TV artist and comedian | |||
* [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]], (1879 - 1973), social reformer | |||
* [[Rio Raj]] (born 1989), actor | |||
* [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] (1887 - 1920), mathematician | |||
* [[Sundar C]] (born 1968), actor and film director | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 317: | Line 323: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{ | {{sister project links|Erode}} | ||
* [http://erodecorporation.gov.in Erode City - Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909031201/http://erodecorporation.gov.in/ |date=9 September 2019 }} | * [http://erodecorporation.gov.in Erode City - Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909031201/http://erodecorporation.gov.in/ |date=9 September 2019 }} | ||
* [http://erode.nic.in Erode District - Official site] | * [http://erode.nic.in Erode District - Official site] | ||
{{Erode district}} | {{Erode district}} | ||
{{Municipal corporations of Tamil Nadu}} | {{Municipal corporations of Tamil Nadu}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
[[Category:Erode| ]] | [[Category:Erode| ]] | ||
[[Category:Textile industry | [[Category:Textile industry in India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:52, 24 February 2026
Erode | |
|---|---|
City | |
     From top, left to right: Kaveri river, District collectorate, Erode Junction railway station, Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai and Thindal Murugan Temple | |
| Nicknames: Turmeric city Textile city | |
  Erode Location in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates: 11°20′27.2″N 77°43′01.6″E / 11.340889°N 77.717111°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Erode |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Erode Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | S. Nagarathinam (DMK) |
| Area | |
| • City | 109.52 km2 (42.29 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 175.3[1] m (575.1 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • City | 157,101 |
| • Rank | 7th in Tamil Nadu |
| • Metro | 521,776 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 6380xx |
| Telephone code | 91 (424) |
| Vehicle registration | TN 33 (East), TN 86 (West) |
| GDP (2020) | US$4.70 billion[2] |
| Website | erodecorporation |
Erode (ta; īrōṭu), is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Kaveri river and is surrounded by the Western Ghats. It is the seventh largest urban agglomeration in Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative capital of Erode district and is administered by the Erode Municipal Corporation which was established in 2008.
Erode formed part of the Kongu Nadu region ruled by the Cheras during the Sangam period between the 1st and the 4th centuries CE. The medieval Cholas conquered the region in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century followed by the Nayaks who introduced the Polygar system. In the later part of the 18th century, the it came under the Kingdom of Mysore and following the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed it to the Madras Presidency in 1799. The region played a prominent role in the second Poligar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai.
Post Indian Independence in 1947, Erode was part of Coimbatore district. It was established as the capital of the newly formed Erode district in 1979. It forms part of Erode Lok Sabha constituency that elects its member of parliament. The city is a major agricultural, industrial and educational hub. It is amongst the largest producers of turmeric in the state and Erode Turmeric is recognized as a Geographical Indication by the Government of India. The textile boom in the early 20th century and rapid growth due to industrialization has seen Erode becoming a major producer of handloom and knitwear.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
There are two theories regarding the origin of the name Erode. It might have its origin in the Tamil phrase Eeru Odai meaning two streams based on the water courses Perumpallam and Pichaikaranpallam canals.[3] Alternatively, it might have been derived from the Tamil phrase Eera Odu meaning 'wet skull', based on the temple of Shiva in the city and the mythology associated with it.[4][5][6]
History[edit | edit source]
During Sangam period, the region formed a part of the Kongu Nadu region ruled by Cheras and then by Kalabhras. The region came under the Pandyas around 590 CE. Afterward, it was ruled by Rashtrakutas and by Cholas from the 10th to early 13th century. Erode was annexed by Vijayanagara Empire in 1378 CE till 1559 CE. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the Madurai Nayaks established their state as an independent kingdom introducing the Palayakkarar system.[7] Erode became a part of the Hindu Wodeyar-ruled Mysore Kingdom in the early 1700s CE before coming under the control of the British East India Company with Maharaja of Mysore still as a nominal ruler. Erode remained under British Colonial rule until the Indian independence in 1947.[8][9]
Climate[edit | edit source]
Erode has a semi-arid climate with hot to sweltering temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures range from 27 to 36 °C (80–96 °F) with an average rainfall of 543 millimetres (21.4 in). Like the rest of Tamil Nadu, March to June are the hottest and December to January the mildest months of the year. Because the Southwest monsoon (June to August) brings scanty rainfall, the bulk of Erode's rainfall is received during the Northeast monsoon in October and November. The city covers an area of 8.44 km2 (3.26 sq mi).[10]
| Climate data for Erode (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.0 (98.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
40.6 (105.1) |
42.8 (109.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
42.0 (107.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.6 (103.3) |
38.6 (101.5) |
36.2 (97.2) |
35.6 (96.1) |
42.8 (109.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 32.7 (90.9) |
34.5 (94.1) |
36.8 (98.2) |
37.8 (100.0) |
38.1 (100.6) |
37.1 (98.8) |
36.1 (97.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.3 (95.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.4 (88.5) |
35.0 (95.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 20.4 (68.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
22.1 (71.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 1.6 (0.06) |
5.4 (0.21) |
12.5 (0.49) |
46.4 (1.83) |
84.6 (3.33) |
15.1 (0.59) |
19.7 (0.78) |
71.3 (2.81) |
66.5 (2.62) |
146.0 (5.75) |
118.6 (4.67) |
18.7 (0.74) |
606.5 (23.88) |
| Average rainy days | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 7.0 | 2.3 | 36.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 56 | 45 | 46 | 49 | 54 | 53 | 57 | 58 | 57 | 65 | 69 | 63 | 56 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[11][12] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit | edit source]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 15,529 | — |
| 1911 | 16,701 | +7.5% |
| 1921 | 22,911 | +37.2% |
| 1931 | 33,672 | +47.0% |
| 1941 | 39,483 | +17.3% |
| 1951 | 57,576 | +45.8% |
| 1961 | 73,762 | +28.1% |
| 1971 | 105,111 | +42.5% |
| 1981 | 142,252 | +35.3% |
| 1991 | 159,232 | +11.9% |
| 2001 | 173,600 | +9.0% |
| 2011 | 498,129 | +186.9% |
| Sources: | ||
As of 2011, Erode has 521,776[16] in population with a sex-ratio of 996, above the national average of 929. A literacy rate of 85% compares favorably to the national average of 73%.[16] The city had 43,184 households, with Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounting for 11% and 0.15% of the population respectively. Of its 66,135 workers, 61,382 are classified as other workers and the rest in agriculture and household industries.[17] As per the 2011 census, Hinduism was the majority religion with 83% adherents followed by Islam (12%) and Christianity (4%).[15] Tamil is the major spoken language in the city.[18]
Economy[edit | edit source]
The economy of Erode is dependent majorly on agriculture and textiles. It is a major textile hub specializing in handloom and knitwear.[19][20] Erode is among the largest producers of turmeric in the state.[21][22] Erode Turmeric is recognized as a Geographical Indication by the Government of India.[23] Several food processing industries and poultry farms operate in and around the city.[24] It is one of the largest markets for coconut and coconut oil in South India.[25]
The GDP of Erode district grew at 15.5% in 2008 ahead of the state's GDP growth by 4%.[26] According to Indian Census of 2001, urban workforce participation rate for Erode is 35% with growth in secondary and tertiary sectors and a corresponding decrease in the primary sector. Major employment is provided by textile industry, turmeric industry and oil and rice mills with 69% of its workforce employed in tertiary sector. Nethaji Market is a wholesale, and retail central market for vegetables and fruits with plans to establish a new wholesale market in the outskirts of the city.[27][28]
Administration and politics[edit | edit source]
| Administration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayor | S. Nagarathinam[29] | |||
| Commissioner | V. Sivakrishnamurthy[30] | |||
| Member of Parliament | K. E. Prakash[31] | |||
| Member of Legislative Assembly | S. Muthusamy (Erode West)[32] | |||
| Member of Legislative Assembly | V. C. Chandrakumar (Erode East)[33] | |||
Erode is the headquarters of Erode District which was bifurcated from Coimbatore District in 1979.[34] The city is administered by Erode Municipal Corporation. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1871, promoted to special-grade during 1980 and upgraded as a corporation in 2008.[35] The city is sub-divided into 60 wards represented by elected councillors, who form part of the city council headed by a mayor.[36] The functions of the corporation are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.[37]
Law and order is maintained by Erode sub division of Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent of Police. There are seven police stations located at Karungalpalayam, Bazaar, Surampatti, Veerappanchatram, Rangampalayam, Chithode and Government hospital. There are special units like armed reserve, prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a special branch.[38] Erode has two state assembly constituencies namely Erode East and Erode West, which elect members to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and forms part of the Erode Lok Sabha constituency that elects its member to the Indian Parliament.[39]
Public services[edit | edit source]
Electricity supply is regulated and distributed by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. The city along with its suburbs form a part of Erode Electricity Distribution Circle, headed by a chief distribution engineer.[40] Water supply is provided by Erode Municipality, and is drawn from the Kaveri river and stored across eight reservoirs. For 2000–01, 14 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city.[41] About 110-125 metric tonnes of solid waste were processed by the sanitary department in 2011.[42] As there is no underground drainage system, disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences[43] with its 192 km (119 mi) of storm water drains.[44] Government General Hospital serves as primary center of healthcare with several private hospitals providing supporting care.[45] As of 2011, municipality maintained 4,678 street lamps.[46] The corporation operates two vegetable markets and a textile market.[47]
As of 2006, there were 46 public and private schools with four technical institutes. These include government run schools, schools funded by the government (aided schools) and private schools. These schools come under the purview of the Erode education district and follow Tamil Nadu Anglo Indian School Board, Tamil Nadu State Board, Matriculation or CBSE syllabus. There are four playgrounds in the city.[48]
Transport[edit | edit source]
Road[edit | edit source]
Erode maintains 102 km (63 mi) of local roads with 5 km (3.1 mi) of concrete and rest bituminous. Additionally, 16.6 km (10.3 mi) of state highways is maintained by State Highways Department.[49] NH 544 connecting Salem and Coimbatore bypasses the city and the National Highway NH 381A and NH 544H pass through the city. The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation has a sub-divisional headquarters at Erode (jeeva) under the Coimbatore division. Erode Central Bus Terminus, is the second Largest main bus station complex for Tamil Nadu State Express Transport Corporation and is well connected with the major cities in Tamil Nadu and neighboring states. Private carriers operate long-distance buses connecting to major cities like Chennai, Bangalore etc.[50][51] The main arterial roads include:
- SH-15: Erode – Gobichettipalayam – Sathy – Mettupalayam – Kotagiri – Ooty
- SH-83A: Erode – Arachalur – Kangeyam – Dharapuram
- SH-79: Erode – Tiruchengode – Rasipuram – Attur
- SH-79A: Erode – Pallipalayam – Sankagiri
- SH-84: Erode – Kodumudi – Karur
- SH-84A: Erode – Modakurichi – Vellakoil – Mulanur
- SH-96: Erode – Perundurai – Chennimalai – Kangeyam – Dharapuram
- SH-20: Erode – Bhavani
Rail[edit | edit source]
Erode Junction railway station is a major rail junction in Salem division of Southern Railway with a diesel locomotive shed and an electric locomotive shed attached. It also serves as a hub for water filling facilities, food provisions and cleaning services for long-distance trains that run via Erode.[52] The following are the lines running from Erode junction:
| Line No. | Towards | Passing Through Station | Type / Track |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Salem Junction | Sankagiri | Broad, Electrified – Double Track[53] |
| 2 | Coimbatore Junction | Tiruppur | Broad, Electrified – Double Track[54] |
| 3 | Trichy Junction | Karur | Broad, Electrified - Single Track[55] |
Air[edit | edit source]
The nearest airport to Erode is Salem Airport at a distance of 84 km (52 mi) which is connected to and from Chennai. The major international airport is Coimbatore International Airport at a distance of 91 km (57 mi) with regular flights to domestic destinations and select international destinations including Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and Singapore.[56]
Places of interest[edit | edit source]
The Thindal Murugan Temple, situated 6 km (3.7 mi) from the city center, Periya Mariamman Temple, and Natadreeswarar Temple, are prominent religious destinations in the city. While the city was built around a demolished fort, a temple for Arudra Kabaleeswar (Shiva) praising the Saiva and one for Kasthuri Ranganatha Perumal (Vishnu) praising the Vaishnava aspects of Hinduism were built. The E.V.R. Museum, Vellode Bird Sanctuary, and Thanthai Periyar Memorial House, the former residence of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, who was born in the city, are other major attractions.[57][58] CSI Brough Memorial Church, located on Meenatchi Sundaranar Road was consecrated in 1933 by Antony Watson Brough (1861 -1936), an Australian missionary.[59]
Notable people[edit | edit source]
- Iswarya Menon (born 1995), actress
- J.Prabu (born 1986), actor and film director
- Mahesh (born 1981), TV artist and comedian
- Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, (1879 - 1973), social reformer
- Rio Raj (born 1989), actor
- Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887 - 1920), mathematician
- Sundar C (born 1968), actor and film director
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Coordinates and Elevation". Google Earth. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ↑ "City overview". Metroverse. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ↑ "History of Erode district". Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ↑ Room, Adrian (2003). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities, and Historic Sights. McFarland. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-7864-1814-5.
- ↑ John Everett-Heath (2017). The Concise Dictionary of World Place Names. Oxford University Press. p. 655. ISBN 978-0-19255-646-2.
- ↑ Journal of the Madras Geographical Association: Volumes 5-6. Indian Geographical Society. 1931. p. 31-32.
- ↑ "The land called Kongunad". The Hindu. 19 November 2005. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
- ↑ "Historical moments". Erode Corporation. 2011. Archived from the original on 24 December 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Historical moments of Erode district". Erode District Administration. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "About Erode". Erode municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ↑ "Station: Erode Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 265–266. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ "Census population by towns and urban agglomerations". CEIC. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
- ↑ "Smart City Challenge-Erode". Government of India. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ↑ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Erode". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ↑ Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu (Report). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ↑ "Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Erode has potential to become textile heaven says Narendra Modi". DNA India. 17 April 2014.
- ↑ "Possibilities for improving vehicular traffic flow explored". The Hindu. 8 September 2015.
- ↑ Prasad S., Aggarwal, B., Turmeric, the Golden Spice; in: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects; editors: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Boca Raton, 2011. [1]
- ↑ "Turmeric at an all-time high price". The Economic Times. 29 December 2009. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ↑ "Erode turmeric gets GI tag". Deccan Chronicle. 6 March 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ↑ Kathiresan, Kaviya (5 June 2016). "Erode, a destination for food processing sector". The Hindu.
- ↑ "Industries Erode". Erode municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Erode GDP is better than that of the State". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 15 December 2007. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ↑ "Tomato glut dips prices in market". The Times of India. 21 December 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ↑ "Shifting of market on the anvil". The Hindu. 17 June 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ↑ "Erode, Mayor". Government of India. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ↑ "Erode, Who is Who". Government of India. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ↑ "Members of Lok Sabha from Tamil Nadu". Government of Tamil Nadu. 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ↑ "MLA of Erode West". Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Take oath as MLA". The Hindu. 2011.
- ↑ "About Erode district". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ↑ "About the municipality". Erode municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Councillors of municipality". Erode municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Commissionerate of Municipal Administration". Commissionerate of Municipal Administration. 2006. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Erode Police". Erode municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "List of Assembly Constituencies". Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu state government. 2010. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Important Address" (PDF). Indian Wind Power Association. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Water Supply Details". Erode Municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Waste management programme". Erode Municipality. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Erode sewarage". Erode municipality. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Storm water drains of Erode". Erode municipality. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Erode hospitals". Erode municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Erode street lights". Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Erode markets". Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Educational Institutions". Erode municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Erode roads". Erode municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "S.E.T.C. Tamil Nadu Ltd., Computer reservation centres". Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. 2011. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ Transport Handbook (PDF) (Report). Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Use of water in trains for bathing leads to shortage". The Hindu. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ↑ "Re-schedule train timings". The Hindu. 29 January 2008. Archived from the original on 2 February 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ↑ "Palakkad-Erode train commences service". The Hindu. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ↑ "Trains partially cancelled". The Hindu. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ↑ "Coimbatore airport to get more facilities". The Hindu. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ↑ "Visitor attracts at Erode". Erode municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Erode museum to host exhibition on A.W. Brough". The Hindu. 19 November 2009. Archived from the original on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Renaming of Brough Road opposed". The Hindu. 22 November 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Erode City - Official site Archived 9 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- Erode District - Official site
