m robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit) |
updated formatting further and added references |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Valley in | {{Short description|Valley in Jammu & Kashmir}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox valley | {{Infobox valley | ||
| name = Lidder Valley | | name = Lidder Valley | ||
| other_name = Liddar | | other_name = Liddar Valleya | ||
| photo = Pahalgam Valley.jpg | | photo = Pahalgam Valley.jpg | ||
| photo_caption = The Lidder Valley at [[Pahalgam]] | | photo_caption = The Lidder Valley at [[Pahalgam]] | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| country = [[India]] | | country = [[India]] | ||
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] | | state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] | ||
| region = [[Kashmir Division]] | | region = [[Kashmir Division|Kashmir]] | ||
| district = [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]] | | district = [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]] | ||
| city = [[Pahalgam]] | | city = [[Pahalgam]] | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
| embed = | | embed = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Lidder Valley''' or '''Liddar Valley'''<ref name=Kaul>Kaul, Manmohan N., ''Glacial and Fluvial Geomorphology of Western Himalaya,'' South Asia Books, 1990, p. 23, {{ISBN|978-8170222446}}</ref> in the | The '''Lidder Valley''' or '''Liddar Valley'''<ref name=Kaul>Kaul, Manmohan N., ''Glacial and Fluvial Geomorphology of Western Himalaya,'' South Asia Books, 1990, p. 23, {{ISBN|978-8170222446}}</ref> is a [[Himalaya]]n sub-valley of the [[Kashmir Valley]], located in the [[Anantnag district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.<ref name="Kashmir The Paradise Of Asia">{{cite book | author=Parmanand Parashar | title=Kashmir The Paradise Of Asia | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gylNFls7xxoC&dq=lidder+valley&pg=PA97 | accessdate=20 June 2012 | date=2004 | publisher=Sarup & Sons, 2004 | isbn=9788176255189 | page=97–}}</ref> The [[Lidder River]] flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from [[Anantnag|Anantnag town]] and 62 km southeast from [[Srinagar]], the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley<ref name="The Himalayas">{{cite book | author=M.S. Kohli | title=The Himalayas: Play Ground of the Gods Trekking, Climbing, Adventure | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4knycWWbqgC&dq=lidder+valley&pg=PA45 | accessdate=20 June 2012 | date=1983 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 1983 | isbn=9788173871078 | page=45–}}</ref> with an average width of 3 km. | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
The Lidder Valley is situated within the jurisdiction of [[Pahalgam|Pahalgam tehsil]], of [[Anantnag district]]. It is bordered by [[Kashmir Valley]] to the west, and [[Sind Valley]] to the north,<ref name="The Indian Encyclopaedia">{{cite book | author=Subodh Kapoor | title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Gautami Ganga -Himmat Bahadur | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt4nbp1VIhsC& | The Lidder Valley is situated within the jurisdiction of [[Pahalgam|Pahalgam tehsil]], of [[Anantnag district]]. It is bordered by [[Kashmir Valley]] to the west, and [[Sind Valley]] to the north,<ref name="The Indian Encyclopaedia">{{cite book | author=Subodh Kapoor | title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Gautami Ganga -Himmat Bahadur | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt4nbp1VIhsC&q=sind+valley+a+himalayan+valley | accessdate=20 June 2012 | date=2002 | publisher=Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd, 2002 | isbn=9788177552669 | page=178–}}</ref> and covers a length of 40 km. It has a maximum width of 5 km. The Lidder basin is surrounded on the south and southeast by the [[Pir Panjal Range]], on the north by the [[Sind Valley]] and on the northeast by the [[Zaskar Range]]. The Lidder [[drainage basin]] has an area of 1134 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=Kanth>[http://recent-science.com/index.php/rrst/article/viewFile/8645/4404 Kanth, T.A., Aijaz Ahmad Shah and Zahoor ul Hassan; ''Geomorphologic Character & Receding Trend of Kolahoi Glacier in Kashmir Himalaya,'' Recent Research in Science and Technology 2011, 3(9): 68-73] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211204551/http://recent-science.com/index.php/rrst/article/viewFile/8645/4404 |date=2013-12-11 }}, {{ISSN|2076-5061}}</ref> It is formed by the flow of the [[Lidder River]] which flows within a Y-shaped valley, upstream of Pahagam the river diverges into the East Lidder and the West Lidder. The East Lidder of which reaches eastwards from Pahalgam up past Chandanwari and flows from east to west starting in the area of [[Sheshnag Lake]] and the Shisram Glacier.<ref name=Kaul/> The West Lidder originates from the [[Kolhoi Glacier]]<ref name="The Himalayas"/><ref name=Ahmed>{{cite journal | url = http://www.igsoc.org/journal.old/13/68/igs_journal_vol13_issue068_pg279-283.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131211170052/http://www.igsoc.org/journal.old/13/68/igs_journal_vol13_issue068_pg279-283.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2013-12-11 | title = Glacial History of Kolahoi Glacier, Kashmir, India | author = N. Ahmed and N. H. Hashimi | journal = Journal of Glaciology | volume = 13 | issue = 68 | year = 1974 | page = 279 | doi = 10.1017/S002214300002308X | bibcode = 1974JGlac..13..279A | accessdate = 2012-04-16 }}</ref> and runs through green coniferous forests through many alpine meadows. The Lidder Valley provides fresh water supply to other districts and irrigation for agriculture. The Lidder River flows through the entire valley passing several natural landmarks and tourist spots, including [[Aru, Jammu and Kashmir|Aru]], [[Pahalgam]], Betab Valley, and Akad. The main towns in the Lidder Valley are Mandlan, Laripora, Phraslun, Ashmuqam and Seer Hamdan.<ref name="Tourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.anantnag.gov.in/Tourism-Pahalgam.htm |title=Pahalgam |publisher=anantnag.gov |accessdate=2012-06-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212114601/http://www.anantnag.gov.in/Tourism-Pahalgam.htm |archivedate=2013-12-12 }}</ref> | ||
==Geology== | ==Geology== | ||
[[File:Horse Riding At Pahalgam.jpg|thumb|right|Horse riding at [[Pahalgam]]]] | [[File:Horse Riding At Pahalgam.jpg|thumb|right|Horse riding at [[Pahalgam]]]] | ||
The Lidder Valley formed over millions of years as the Lidder River cut into the Himalayan Mountains. Today, the river continues to deposit sheets of sand in the lower areas of Anantnag.<ref name="The Valley of Kashmir">{{cite book | author=Sir Walter Roper Lawrence | title=The Valley of Kashmir | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqAHweWRUs0C | The Lidder Valley formed over millions of years as the Lidder River cut into the Himalayan Mountains. Today, the river continues to deposit sheets of sand in the lower areas of Anantnag.<ref name="The Valley of Kashmir">{{cite book | author=Sir Walter Roper Lawrence | title=The Valley of Kashmir | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqAHweWRUs0C&dq=sind+valley+the+valley+of+kashmir&pg=PA47 | accessdate=20 June 2012 | date=1895 | publisher=Asian Educational Services, 1895 | isbn=9788120616301 | page=47–}}</ref> Gradual [[erosion|erosive]] processes have washed away bordering forests and created deep gorges at many places.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=SHAH |first=ZAKIR HUSSAIN |date=2022 |title=GEOMORPHOLOGICAL SETTING OF FLUVIAL LANDSCAPE OF LIDDER VALLEY |url=https://rjpn.org/ijcspub/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCSP22C1284 |journal=International Journal of Current Science |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=548–555}}</ref><!-- Cited reference doesn't support the text.<ref name="Lidder Valley">{{cite book | title=The Carboniferous of the World: Australia, Indian subcontinent, South Africa, South America, & North Africa | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KC81wR8LXWoC&pg=PA152&dq=lidder+valley&cd=7 | accessdate=20 June 2012 | date=1983 | publisher=IGME, 1983 | isbn=9788439856702 | page=152– | author=Robert Herman Wagner, Cornelis Frederik Winkler Prins}}</ref> --> | ||
[[File:AruDuotone.jpg|thumb|left|The Lidder Valley at [[Aru, Jammu and Kashmir]]]] | [[File:AruDuotone.jpg|thumb|left|The Lidder Valley at [[Aru, Jammu and Kashmir]]]] | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
The Lidder Valley has many glacier-fed streams, and the tributaries of the Lidder River are home to different types of [[trout]].<ref name="Environmental geography">{{cite book | author=R.B.Singh | title=Environmental geography | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3ZMdzjiugoC&q=lidder+valley | The Lidder Valley has many glacier-fed streams, and the tributaries of the Lidder River are home to different types of [[trout]].<ref name="Environmental geography">{{cite book | author=R.B.Singh | title=Environmental geography | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3ZMdzjiugoC&q=lidder+valley | accessdate=20 June 2012 | date=1990 | publisher=Heritage Publishers, 1990 | isbn=9788170260622 | page=230–}}</ref> The valley is the natural habitat of the [[Himalayan black bear]]. The [[Himalayan brown bear]], [[musk deer]], [[snow leopard]] and [[Kashmir stag|hangul]] have also been spotted in the [[Aru, Jammu and Kashmir|Aru]] and Lidderwat areas, which are close to [[Dachigam National Park]].<ref name="Tourism"/><ref name="Jammu and Kashmir: a tourist guide">{{cite book | author=Trevor Drieberg | title=Jammu and Kashmir: a tourist guide | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7QBAAAAMAAJ&q=brown+bear+at+sonamarg | accessdate=20 June 2012 | date=1978 | publisher=Vikas Pub. House, 1978 | isbn=9780706905755 | page=–}}</ref> | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:14, 6 October 2025
| Lidder Valley | |
|---|---|
| Liddar Valleya | |
| Error creating thumbnail: File missing The Lidder Valley at Pahalgam | |
| Length | 25 mi (40 km) |
| Width | 3 mi (4.8 km) |
| Geography | |
| Country | India |
| State | Jammu and Kashmir |
| Region | Kashmir |
| District | Anantnag |
| Population center | Pahalgam |
| Borders on | Sind Valley (North) Kashmir Valley (West) |
| Coordinates | 33°46′35″N 75°12′48″E / 33.77639°N 75.21333°E |
| Mountain range | Himalayas |
| River | Lidder River |
The Lidder Valley or Liddar Valley[1] is a Himalayan sub-valley of the Kashmir Valley, located in the Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir, India.[2] The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley[3] with an average width of 3 km.
Geography[edit | edit source]
The Lidder Valley is situated within the jurisdiction of Pahalgam tehsil, of Anantnag district. It is bordered by Kashmir Valley to the west, and Sind Valley to the north,[4] and covers a length of 40 km. It has a maximum width of 5 km. The Lidder basin is surrounded on the south and southeast by the Pir Panjal Range, on the north by the Sind Valley and on the northeast by the Zaskar Range. The Lidder drainage basin has an area of 1134 km2.[5] It is formed by the flow of the Lidder River which flows within a Y-shaped valley, upstream of Pahagam the river diverges into the East Lidder and the West Lidder. The East Lidder of which reaches eastwards from Pahalgam up past Chandanwari and flows from east to west starting in the area of Sheshnag Lake and the Shisram Glacier.[1] The West Lidder originates from the Kolhoi Glacier[3][6] and runs through green coniferous forests through many alpine meadows. The Lidder Valley provides fresh water supply to other districts and irrigation for agriculture. The Lidder River flows through the entire valley passing several natural landmarks and tourist spots, including Aru, Pahalgam, Betab Valley, and Akad. The main towns in the Lidder Valley are Mandlan, Laripora, Phraslun, Ashmuqam and Seer Hamdan.[7]
Geology[edit | edit source]
The Lidder Valley formed over millions of years as the Lidder River cut into the Himalayan Mountains. Today, the river continues to deposit sheets of sand in the lower areas of Anantnag.[8] Gradual erosive processes have washed away bordering forests and created deep gorges at many places.[9]
Ecology[edit | edit source]
The Lidder Valley has many glacier-fed streams, and the tributaries of the Lidder River are home to different types of trout.[10] The valley is the natural habitat of the Himalayan black bear. The Himalayan brown bear, musk deer, snow leopard and hangul have also been spotted in the Aru and Lidderwat areas, which are close to Dachigam National Park.[7][11]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kaul, Manmohan N., Glacial and Fluvial Geomorphology of Western Himalaya, South Asia Books, 1990, p. 23, ISBN 978-8170222446
- ↑ Parmanand Parashar (2004). Kashmir The Paradise Of Asia. Sarup & Sons, 2004. p. 97–. ISBN 9788176255189. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 M.S. Kohli (1983). The Himalayas: Play Ground of the Gods Trekking, Climbing, Adventure. Indus Publishing, 1983. p. 45–. ISBN 9788173871078. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ Subodh Kapoor (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia: Gautami Ganga -Himmat Bahadur. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd, 2002. p. 178–. ISBN 9788177552669. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ Kanth, T.A., Aijaz Ahmad Shah and Zahoor ul Hassan; Geomorphologic Character & Receding Trend of Kolahoi Glacier in Kashmir Himalaya, Recent Research in Science and Technology 2011, 3(9): 68-73 Archived 2013-12-11 at the Wayback Machine, ISSN 2076-5061
- ↑ N. Ahmed and N. H. Hashimi (1974). "Glacial History of Kolahoi Glacier, Kashmir, India" (PDF). Journal of Glaciology. 13 (68): 279. Bibcode:1974JGlac..13..279A. doi:10.1017/S002214300002308X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Pahalgam". anantnag.gov. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ Sir Walter Roper Lawrence (1895). The Valley of Kashmir. Asian Educational Services, 1895. p. 47–. ISBN 9788120616301. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ SHAH, ZAKIR HUSSAIN (2022). "GEOMORPHOLOGICAL SETTING OF FLUVIAL LANDSCAPE OF LIDDER VALLEY". International Journal of Current Science. 12 (3): 548–555.
- ↑ R.B.Singh (1990). Environmental geography. Heritage Publishers, 1990. p. 230–. ISBN 9788170260622. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ Trevor Drieberg (1978). Jammu and Kashmir: a tourist guide. Vikas Pub. House, 1978. p. –. ISBN 9780706905755. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
