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{{ | {{Short description|none}} | ||
<!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! --> | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}} | ||
The | The climate of [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a tropical monsoon climate, consisting mainly of a [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] climate with dry winter (''Cwa''). Parts of western Uttar Pradesh consist of a [[semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid climate]] (''BSh''). The uniformity of the vast [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] covering most of the state causes it to have a predominantly single climate pattern with minor regional variations. | ||
With temperatures fluctuating from {{convert|0|°C|disp=or}} to {{convert|50|°C|disp=or}} in several parts of the state and unpredictable rains, the summers are extremely hot, the winters are cold, and the rainy season can be either very wet or very dry. | |||
==Classification of | ==Classification== | ||
The climate of Uttar Pradesh is generally defined to be | [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map IND present.svg|thumb|right|alt=A Köppen climate classification map of India. Uttar Pradesh is marked predominantly humid subtropical with dry winter (Cwa) with its western portions marked semi-arid hot (BSh).|[[Köppen climate classification]] map of India]] | ||
The climate of Uttar Pradesh is generally defined to be tropical monsoon.<ref name=EB>{{cite web|last=Mathur|first=Raj B.|title=Uttar Pradesh: Climate|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620898/Uttar-Pradesh/46085/Climate|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=9 March 2011}}</ref> However, based on the [[Köppen climate classification]], it can be classified mostly as humid subtropical with dry winter (''Cwa'') type with parts of western Uttar Pradesh as semi-arid hot (BSh). | |||
Given significant climate differences, Uttar Pradesh has been divided into two meteorological sub-divisions, East Uttar Pradesh and West Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=DM/> | |||
==Seasons== | |||
According to the Indian Meteorological Department, Uttar Pradesh has three predominant seasons.<ref name=season>{{cite web|title=Home » Uttar Pradesh Profile » Geography » Climate|url=http://www.uponline.in/Profile/geography/climate.asp|publisher=UPonline|accessdate=9 March 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181639/http://www.uponline.in/Profile/geography/climate.asp|archivedate=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="Board2008">{{cite book|author=Upkar Prakashan – Editorial Board|title=Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ce8FpJzR-4C&pg=PA26|accessdate=9 March 2011|year=2008|publisher=Upkar Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7482-408-0|pages=26–}}</ref> | |||
The retreating monsoon season, although present generally in India, has a very negligible effect in Uttar Pradesh and only occasional mild showers are experienced in winter. Additionally, some of these showers are due to western disturbances, not the monsoon.<ref name=WesDist/> | |||
== | ===Summer=== | ||
The | Summer lasts from March to May. It is hot and dry, and temperatures rise to {{convert|45|°C|disp=or}}, sometimes {{convert|47|or|48|°C|1|disp=or}}. The relative humidity is low, at around 20 per cent, and the winds are laden with dust. | ||
===Monsoon=== | |||
The monsoon season lasts from June to October. It accounts for 85 per cent of the average annual rainfall. During rainy days, the temperature falls. | |||
===Winter=== | |||
Winter lasts from November to February. Morning temperatures drop to {{convert|3-4|°C|1|disp=or}}, and sometimes drop below {{convert|−1|°C|1|disp=or}}. The skies are clear, and some regions experience foggy conditions. | |||
==Geography== | |||
Uttar Pradesh is in the heart of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] with the [[Ganges]] river flowing right through the state, the [[Himalayas]] to the north, and the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] and the [[Vindhya Range]] to the south of the state. | |||
==Temperature== | ==Temperature== | ||
Temperature varies from {{convert|0|to|46|°C|1}}.<ref name="Board2008"/> High temperatures of around {{convert|50|°C|disp=or}} have been recorded in [[Gonda district]] | Temperature varies from {{convert|0|to|46|°C|1}}.<ref name="Board2008"/> High temperatures of around {{convert|50|°C|disp=or}} have been recorded in [[Gonda district]].<ref name=EB/> | ||
Such a wide range of temperature fluctuations in most parts of the state can lead to either cold waves or heat waves both resulting in substantial loss of life and economy. | |||
===Heat waves=== | ===Heat waves=== | ||
In 2007, [[Banda, | In 2007, a heat wave struck Uttar Pradesh, with [[Banda district, India|Banda district]] with {{convert|45.5|°C|1|disp=or}} the hottest in the state for several days.<ref>{{cite news|title=9 more succumb to heatwave in UP, rain claims 5 lives in south|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/06/08/9-more-succumb-to-heatwave-in-up-rain-claims-5-lives-in-south-1181531156.html|access-date=10 March 2011|newspaper=OneIndiaNews.in|date=11 June 2007}}</ref> At least 62 people were reportedly dead during the heat wave that year.<ref>{{cite news|title=46 more perish in heat spell; toll crosses 100|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200706112201.htm|accessdate=10 March 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 June 2007}}</ref> | ||
In June 2009, 30 people died of heatstroke.<ref>{{cite web|title=120 die in unrelenting heatwave across India|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/120-die-in-unrelenting-heatwave-across-india-1.447520|work=25 June 2009|publisher=IOL.co.za|accessdate=10 March 2011}}</ref> Record high temperatures reached {{convert|49|°C|1|disp=or}} in the [[Bundelkhand]] region of southern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|title=Deadly heatwave sweeps India|url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/world/deadly-heatwave-sweeps-india-416413.html|accessdate=10 March 2011|newspaper=BreakingNews.ie|date=26 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Deadly heat wave sweeps India|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/around-yorkshire/local-stories/deadly_heat_wave_sweeps_india_1_2356608|accessdate=10 March 2011|newspaper=Yorkshire Post}}</ref> | |||
In June 2010, [[Jhansi]] recorded the highest temperature of {{convert|46.7|°C|1|disp=or}}, the hottest in that year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heat tightens grip over N-India, Rajasthan hottest|url=http://www.zeenews.com/news635386.html|accessdate=10 March 2011|newspaper=Zeenews.com|date=20 June 2010}}</ref> | |||
===Cold waves=== | ===Cold waves=== | ||
In recent years, | In recent years, the 2007–2008 winter caused a string of cold-related deaths<ref name=CW1>{{cite news|last=IANS|title=Uttar Pradesh cold wave toll rises to 38|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_uttar-pradesh-cold-wave-toll-rises-to-38_1142961|accessdate=9 March 2011|newspaper=DNA|date=3 January 2008}}</ref> with temperatures as low as {{convert|2.8|°C|disp=or}} in the city of [[Meerut]]. Simultaneously, it also led to a loss of crops and agricultural products. | ||
Similarly, the last part of 2009 saw the temperature falling to lows of {{convert|2.9|°C|disp=or}} in Meerut, again causing deaths.<ref name=CW2>{{cite news|title=Three die due to cold in UP as winter firms its grip on north|url=http://www.zeenews.com/news590711.html|accessdate=9 March 2011|newspaper=Zeenews.com|date=27 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
The 2010–2011 winter caused more cold-wave-related deaths.<ref name=CW3>{{cite news|last=IANS|title=Four more die in freezing Uttar Pradesh, toll climbs to 63|url=http://www.sify.com/news/four-more-die-in-freezing-uttar-pradesh-toll-climbs-to-63-news-national-lbhuajfjfhh.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017232312/http://www.sify.com/news/four-more-die-in-freezing-uttar-pradesh-toll-climbs-to-63-news-national-lbhuajfjfhh.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2012|accessdate=9 March 2011|newspaper=Sify.com|date=7 January 2011}}</ref><ref name=CW4>{{cite news|title=Rajasthan temperature dips to {{convert|0|°C|disp=or}}, N India frozen|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2011/01/06/rajasthan-temperature-dips-to-0-n-india-frozen.html|access-date=9 March 2011|newspaper=OneIndiaNews.com|date=6 January 2011|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180511/http://news.oneindia.in/2011/01/06/rajasthan-temperature-dips-to-0-n-india-frozen.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This time, [[Churk]], [[Sonbhadra district]], ranked coldest with {{convert|1.4|°C|disp=or}}.<ref name=CW3/> | |||
On 13 January 2013, [[Kanpur]] recorded its all-time low temperature when the temperature plunged to {{convert|−1.1|C|F|1|disp=or}} and on the same day, [[Agra]] recorded {{convert|−0.7|C|F|1|disp=or}}. | |||
In January, in [[Lucknow]], the temperature can plunge below freezing; Lucknow recorded {{convert|0.0|°C|disp=or}} on 18 January 2017. Agra and [[Muzaffarnagar]] are also notorious for chilly winds and the temperature there can also go below freezing. | |||
==Precipitation== | ==Precipitation== | ||
It rains over most of | It rains over most of Uttar Pradesh, with very few arid or semi-arid patches. Snowfall does not occur, but hailstorms, frost, and dew often do. The type of rainfall that Uttar Pradesh receives is [[orographic]], [[cyclonic]], and [[Convection rain|convectional]].<ref name="Board2008"/> | ||
===Rain=== | ===Rain=== | ||
Primarily a summer phenomenon, the Bay of Bengal branch of the [[Monsoon of India|Indian Monsoon]] is the major bearer of rain in most parts of | Primarily a summer phenomenon, the Bay of Bengal branch of the [[Monsoon of India|Indian Monsoon]] is the major bearer of rain in most parts of Uttar Pradesh. It is the south-west monsoon which brings most of the rain, although rain due to ''[[western disturbances]]''<ref name=WesDist>{{cite news|last=Sethi|first=Nitin|title=Met dept blames it on 'western disturbance'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Met-dept-blames-it-on-western-disturbance/articleshow/1600979.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811031649/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-02-13/india/27887812_1_met-dept-disturbance-rains|url-status=live|archive-date=11 August 2011|access-date=9 March 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 February 2007}}</ref> and the north-east monsoon also contribute small quantities towards the overall rain in the state.<ref name="Board2008"/> | ||
The rain | The rain can vary from an annual average of 170{{nbsp}}cm in hilly areas to less than 80{{nbsp}}cm in the west.<ref name="Board2008"/> Given that most of this rainfall is concentrated in the four months of the monsoon season, excess rain can lead to floods and a shortage to droughts.<ref name=EB/> As such, floods and droughts are a common occurrence. | ||
===Floods | ===Floods=== | ||
Floods are a known hazard of | Floods are a known hazard of Uttar Pradesh due to overflowing of its main rivers like [[Ganges]], [[Yamuna]], [[Ramganga]], [[Gomti]], [[Sharda River|Sharda]], [[Ghaghra]], Rapti, and [[Gandak]].<ref name=DM>{{cite web|title=Disaster Management Department, Govt of U.P.|url=http://rahat.up.nic.in/disaster_management.htm|work=rahat.up.nic.in|accessdate=9 March 2011|archive-date=12 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312023623/http://rahat.up.nic.in/disaster_management.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The estimated annual loss due to floods is {{INRConvert|4.32|b}}.<ref name=DM/> Major flood management efforts have been undertaken to mitigate the risk. Most of these floods occur due to the [[Monsoon of India|monsoon]] rains and the resulting overflow of rivers. One such year occurred in 2010.<ref name=Flood1>{{cite news|title=Floods play havoc in Bihar & Uttar Pradesh|url=http://www.samachartoday.com/floods-play-havoc-in-bihar-uttar-pradesh/10174|accessdate=9 March 2011|newspaper=Samachar today|date=28 August 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715234027/http://www.samachartoday.com/floods-play-havoc-in-bihar-uttar-pradesh/10174|archivedate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref name=Flood2>{{cite news|title=Nine die in Uttar Pradesh India floods: Toll 429|url=http://chimalaya.org/2010/10/02/nine-die-in-up-floods-toll-429/|accessdate=9 March 2011|newspaper=Climate Himalaya Initiative-NEWS|date=2 October 2010|archive-date=25 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725163949/http://chimalaya.org/2010/10/02/nine-die-in-up-floods-toll-429/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> | ||
===Droughts | ===Droughts=== | ||
Shortages of rain during the highly variable monsoon season can cause droughts, leading to deaths and property loss. Recent 2002 and 2004 drought-related loss estimates have been reported to be {{INRConvert|75.4|b}} and {{INRConvert|72.92|b}}, respectively.<ref name=DM/> | |||
The recurrence of a major deficiency in annual rainfall follows a | |||
The recurrence of a major deficiency in annual rainfall follows a six to eight-year cycle in East Uttar Pradesh, whereas in West Uttar Pradesh, it is a ten-year cycle. | |||
==Wind== | ==Wind== | ||
In | In summer, hot winds called ''[[loo (wind)|loo]]'' blow across Uttar Pradesh. They are dust-laden and quite damaging.<ref name="Board2008"/> In winter, dry and rainless winds blow across the state. Fog may also form in parts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Board2008"/> | ||
==Climate data== | |||
{{Agra weatherbox}} | |||
{{Weather box | |||
| width = auto | |||
| location = [[Lucknow]] (1981–2010, extremes 1952–2012) | |||
| metric first = yes | |||
| single line = yes | |||
| collapsed = Yes | |||
| Jan record high C = 30.4 | |||
| Feb record high C = 35.9 | |||
| Mar record high C = 40.9 | |||
| Apr record high C = 45.0 | |||
| May record high C = 46.5 | |||
| Jun record high C = 47.7 | |||
| Jul record high C = 44.2 | |||
| Aug record high C = 40.4 | |||
| Sep record high C = 40.1 | |||
| Oct record high C = 37.7 | |||
| Nov record high C = 38.0 | |||
| Dec record high C = 29.9 | |||
| year record high C = 47.7 | |||
| Jan avg record high C = 27.2 | |||
| Feb avg record high C = 31.1 | |||
| Mar avg record high C = 37.6 | |||
| Apr avg record high C = 42.2 | |||
| May avg record high C = 44.0 | |||
| Jun avg record high C = 43.5 | |||
| Jul avg record high C = 38.7 | |||
| Aug avg record high C = 36.5 | |||
| Sep avg record high C = 36.5 | |||
| Oct avg record high C = 35.6 | |||
| Nov avg record high C = 32.2 | |||
| Dec avg record high C = 28.1 | |||
| year avg record high C = 44.6 | |||
| Jan high C = 22.1 | |||
| Feb high C = 26.2 | |||
| Mar high C = 32.3 | |||
| Apr high C = 38.2 | |||
| May high C = 39.6 | |||
| Jun high C = 38.3 | |||
| Jul high C = 34.1 | |||
| Aug high C = 33.5 | |||
| Sep high C = 33.3 | |||
| Oct high C = 32.8 | |||
| Nov high C = 29.1 | |||
| Dec high C = 24.4 | |||
| year high C = 32.0 | |||
| Jan low C = 7.9 | |||
| Feb low C = 10.7 | |||
| Mar low C = 15.2 | |||
| Apr low C = 20.7 | |||
| May low C = 24.7 | |||
| Jun low C = 26.6 | |||
| Jul low C = 26.1 | |||
| Aug low C = 25.7 | |||
| Sep low C = 24.3 | |||
| Oct low C = 19.4 | |||
| Nov low C = 13.2 | |||
| Dec low C = 9.1 | |||
| year low C = 18.6 | |||
| Jan avg record low C = 3.8 | |||
| Feb avg record low C = 6.5 | |||
| Mar avg record low C = 10.3 | |||
| Apr avg record low C = 15.5 | |||
| May avg record low C = 20.3 | |||
| Jun avg record low C = 22.6 | |||
| Jul avg record low C = 23.6 | |||
| Aug avg record low C = 23.4 | |||
| Sep avg record low C = 21.6 | |||
| Oct avg record low C = 14.7 | |||
| Nov avg record low C = 9.1 | |||
| Dec avg record low C = 5.2 | |||
| year avg record low C = 3.6 | |||
| Jan record low C = -1.0 | |||
| Feb record low C = 0.0 | |||
| Mar record low C = 5.4 | |||
| Apr record low C = 10.9 | |||
| May record low C = 17.0 | |||
| Jun record low C = 19.7 | |||
| Jul record low C = 21.5 | |||
| Aug record low C = 22.2 | |||
| Sep record low C = 17.2 | |||
| Oct record low C = 15.0 | |||
| Nov record low C = 3.9 | |||
| Dec record low C = 0.5 | |||
| year record low C = -1.0 | |||
| rain colour = green | |||
| Jan rain mm = 16.7 | |||
| Feb rain mm = 16.1 | |||
| Mar rain mm = 8.6 | |||
| Apr rain mm = 5.6 | |||
| May rain mm = 24.4 | |||
| Jun rain mm = 107.8 | |||
| Jul rain mm = 255.3 | |||
| Aug rain mm = 213.7 | |||
| Sep rain mm = 205.6 | |||
| Oct rain mm = 44.8 | |||
| Nov rain mm = 6.4 | |||
| Dec rain mm = 12.3 | |||
| Jan rain days = 1.3 | |||
| Feb rain days = 1.4 | |||
| Mar rain days = 0.9 | |||
| Apr rain days = 0.6 | |||
| May rain days = 2.0 | |||
| Jun rain days = 5.2 | |||
| Jul rain days = 11.8 | |||
| Aug rain days = 10.6 | |||
| Sep rain days = 8.4 | |||
| Oct rain days = 1.7 | |||
| Nov rain days = 0.6 | |||
| Dec rain days = 0.8 | |||
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | |||
| Jan humidity = 60 | |||
| Feb humidity = 47 | |||
| Mar humidity = 33 | |||
| Apr humidity = 25 | |||
| May humidity = 32 | |||
| Jun humidity = 49 | |||
| Jul humidity = 73 | |||
| Aug humidity = 77 | |||
| Sep humidity = 74 | |||
| Oct humidity = 65 | |||
| Nov humidity = 61 | |||
| Dec humidity = 62 | |||
| year humidity = 55 | |||
| Jan uv = 5 | |||
| Feb uv = 7 | |||
| Mar uv = 9 | |||
| Apr uv = 11 | |||
| May uv = 12 | |||
| Jun uv = 12 | |||
| Jul uv = 12 | |||
| Aug uv = 12 | |||
| Sep uv = 10 | |||
| Oct uv = 8 | |||
| Nov uv = 6 | |||
| Dec uv = 5 | |||
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormalslucknow> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | |||
| title = Station: Lucknow (Amausi) Climatological Table 1981–2010 | |||
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = January 2015 | |||
| pages = 447–448 | |||
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremeslucknow> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | |||
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = December 2016 | |||
| page = M218 | |||
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web | |||
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/lucknow/climate | |||
|title = Climate & Weather Averages in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India | |||
|publisher = Time and Date | |||
|access-date = 19 July 2022}}</ref> | |||
| source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas Lucknow"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/lucknow-climate | |||
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Lucknow, India | |||
| publisher = Weather Atlas | |||
| access-date = 13 June 2022 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
| date = August 2012 | |||
| source = | |||
| Jan dew point C = 9 | |||
| Feb dew point C = 12 | |||
| Mar dew point C = 13 | |||
| Apr dew point C = 14 | |||
| May dew point C = 19 | |||
| Jun dew point C = 23 | |||
| Jul dew point C = 26 | |||
| Aug dew point C = 26 | |||
| Sep dew point C = 25 | |||
| Oct dew point C = 19 | |||
| Nov dew point C = 14 | |||
| Dec dew point C = 10 | |||
}} | |||
{{Weather box | |||
|width = auto | |||
|location = [[Kanpur]] (1981-2010, extremes 1901-2006) | |||
|metric first = Yes | |||
|single line = Yes | |||
|collapsed = Yes | |||
| Jan record high C = 31.1 | |||
| Feb record high C = 35.6 | |||
| Mar record high C = 42.8 | |||
| Apr record high C = 45.6 | |||
| May record high C = 47.2 | |||
| Jun record high C = 47.3 | |||
| Jul record high C = 45.0 | |||
| Aug record high C = 40.6 | |||
| Sep record high C = 40.0 | |||
| Oct record high C = 40.6 | |||
| Nov record high C = 36.1 | |||
| Dec record high C = 31.3 | |||
|year record high C = 47.3 | |||
| Jan high C = 22.3 | |||
| Feb high C = 25.4 | |||
| Mar high C = 32.0 | |||
| Apr high C = 38.0 | |||
| May high C = 39.8 | |||
| Jun high C = 39.0 | |||
| Jul high C = 33.8 | |||
| Aug high C = 33.2 | |||
| Sep high C = 33.1 | |||
| Oct high C = 32.5 | |||
| Nov high C = 28.6 | |||
| Dec high C = 24.4 | |||
|year high C = 31.9 | |||
| Jan low C = 8.2 | |||
| Feb low C = 10.6 | |||
| Mar low C = 15.6 | |||
| Apr low C = 21.1 | |||
| May low C = 25.1 | |||
| Jun low C = 27.2 | |||
| Jul low C = 26.4 | |||
| Aug low C = 26.1 | |||
| Sep low C = 24.8 | |||
| Oct low C = 19.0 | |||
| Nov low C = 12.8 | |||
| Dec low C = 8.7 | |||
|year low C = 18.8 | |||
| Jan record low C = 1.6 | |||
| Feb record low C = 0.6 | |||
| Mar record low C = 7.2 | |||
| Apr record low C = 11.1 | |||
| May record low C = 16.4 | |||
| Jun record low C = 20.6 | |||
| Jul record low C = 21.7 | |||
| Aug record low C = 21.7 | |||
| Sep record low C = 11.8 | |||
| Oct record low C = 4.6 | |||
| Nov record low C = 0.5 | |||
| Dec record low C = -0.9 | |||
|year record low C = -0.9 | |||
| rain colour = green | |||
| Jan rain mm = 9.2 | |||
| Feb rain mm = 9.2 | |||
| Mar rain mm = 2.9 | |||
| Apr rain mm = 2.7 | |||
| May rain mm = 8.2 | |||
| Jun rain mm = 61.8 | |||
| Jul rain mm = 185.3 | |||
| Aug rain mm = 191.7 | |||
| Sep rain mm = 138.1 | |||
| Oct rain mm = 33.9 | |||
| Nov rain mm = 3.4 | |||
| Dec rain mm = 2.1 | |||
| Jan rain days = 0.8 | |||
| Feb rain days = 0.8 | |||
| Mar rain days = 0.4 | |||
| Apr rain days = 0.3 | |||
| May rain days = 0.8 | |||
| Jun rain days = 2.9 | |||
| Jul rain days = 9.6 | |||
| Aug rain days = 9.0 | |||
| Sep rain days = 6.1 | |||
| Oct rain days = 1.4 | |||
| Nov rain days = 0.3 | |||
| Dec rain days = 0.2 | |||
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | |||
| Jan humidity = 59 | |||
| Feb humidity = 46 | |||
| Mar humidity = 34 | |||
| Apr humidity = 27 | |||
| May humidity = 31 | |||
| Jun humidity = 45 | |||
| Jul humidity = 74 | |||
| Aug humidity = 77 | |||
| Sep humidity = 72 | |||
| Oct humidity = 62 | |||
| Nov humidity = 62 | |||
| Dec humidity = 62 | |||
|year humidity = 54 | |||
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=KanpurIMDnormals> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | |||
| title = Station: Kanpur (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010 | |||
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = January 2015 | |||
| pages = 387–388 | |||
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=KanpurIMDextremes> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | |||
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = December 2016 | |||
| page = M217 | |||
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref> | |||
|date=August 2010 | |||
}} | |||
{{Weather box | |||
| collapsed = Yes | |||
| metric first = Yes | |||
| single line = Yes | |||
| location = [[Meerut]] (1971–2000) | |||
|Jan record high C = 29.3 | |||
|Feb record high C = 32.2 | |||
|Mar record high C = 39.5 | |||
|Apr record high C = 43.5 | |||
|May record high C = 45.8 | |||
|Jun record high C = 46.1 | |||
|Jul record high C = 46.0 | |||
|Aug record high C = 40.0 | |||
|Sep record high C = 39.0 | |||
|Oct record high C = 38.0 | |||
|Nov record high C = 34.5 | |||
|Dec record high C = 30.0 | |||
|year record high C = 46.1 | |||
|Jan high C = 21.9 | |||
|Feb high C = 23.1 | |||
|Mar high C = 28.7 | |||
|Apr high C = 36.3 | |||
|May high C = 39.1 | |||
|Jun high C = 37.6 | |||
|Jul high C = 33.6 | |||
|Aug high C = 32.6 | |||
|Sep high C = 33.7 | |||
|Oct high C = 32.8 | |||
|Nov high C = 28.6 | |||
|Dec high C = 23.5 | |||
|year high C = 31.1 | |||
|Jan low C = 7.2 | |||
|Feb low C = 9.1 | |||
|Mar low C = 13.8 | |||
|Apr low C = 19.9 | |||
|May low C = 24.3 | |||
|Jun low C = 26.0 | |||
|Jul low C = 25.9 | |||
|Aug low C = 25.5 | |||
|Sep low C = 23.6 | |||
|Oct low C = 18.2 | |||
|Nov low C = 12.4 | |||
|Dec low C = 8.0 | |||
|year low C = 17.7 | |||
|Jan record low C = -0.4 | |||
|Feb record low C = 0.1 | |||
|Mar record low C = 5.4 | |||
|Apr record low C = 8.3 | |||
|May record low C = 15.4 | |||
|Jun record low C = 17.7 | |||
|Jul record low C = 16.5 | |||
|Aug record low C = 19.0 | |||
|Sep record low C = 15.7 | |||
|Oct record low C = 7.2 | |||
|Nov record low C = 1.8 | |||
|Dec record low C = 0.2 | |||
|year record low C = -0.4 | |||
|precipitation colour = green | |||
|Jan precipitation mm = 19.7 | |||
|Feb precipitation mm = 24.9 | |||
|Mar precipitation mm = 24.4 | |||
|Apr precipitation mm = 12.8 | |||
|May precipitation mm = 19.1 | |||
|Jun precipitation mm = 71.2 | |||
|Jul precipitation mm = 269.0 | |||
|Aug precipitation mm = 264.7 | |||
|Sep precipitation mm = 95.4 | |||
|Oct precipitation mm = 25.9 | |||
|Nov precipitation mm = 4.3 | |||
|Dec precipitation mm = 13.4 | |||
|year precipitation mm = 845.0 | |||
|Jan rain days = 1.5 | |||
|Feb rain days = 1.7 | |||
|Mar rain days = 1.7 | |||
|Apr rain days = 0.9 | |||
|May rain days = 1.6 | |||
|Jun rain days = 3.9 | |||
|Jul rain days = 10.2 | |||
|Aug rain days = 9.4 | |||
|Sep rain days = 4.2 | |||
|Oct rain days = 1.6 | |||
|Nov rain days = 0.4 | |||
|Dec rain days = 0.9 | |||
|year rain days = 38.0 | |||
| Jan humidity = 88 | |||
| Feb humidity = 83 | |||
| Mar humidity = 75 | |||
| Apr humidity = 54 | |||
| May humidity = 58 | |||
| Jun humidity = 68 | |||
| Jul humidity = 81 | |||
| Aug humidity = 84 | |||
| Sep humidity = 83 | |||
| Oct humidity = 78 | |||
| Nov humidity = 79 | |||
| Dec humidity = 86 | |||
| year humidity = 76 | |||
|source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2012)<ref> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=43057 | |||
| title = Station: Meerut Climatological Table 1981–2010 | |||
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = January 2015 | |||
| pages = 509–510 | |||
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref><ref name= MeerutIMD >{{cite web | |||
| url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/meerut2.htm | |||
| title = Meerut Climatological Table Period: 1971–2000 | |||
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]] | |||
| access-date = 15 April 2015 | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140214130716/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/meerut2.htm | |||
| archive-date = 14 February 2014 | |||
| url-status = dead | |||
| df = dmy-all | |||
}}</ref><ref name=IMD2Meerut>{{cite web | |||
|url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf | |||
|title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010 | |||
|publisher=India Meteorological Department | |||
|access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316064314/http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf | |||
|archive-date=16 March 2014 | |||
}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremesMeerut> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | |||
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = December 2016 | |||
| page = M46 | |||
| access-date = 26 December 2020}}</ref> | |||
|date=April 2015}} | |||
{{Weather box | |||
| location = [[Varanasi]] (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||
| metric first = Yes | |||
| single line = Yes | |||
| collapsed = Yes | |||
| Jan record high C = 31.4 | |||
| Feb record high C = 36.1 | |||
| Mar record high C = 41.5 | |||
| Apr record high C = 45.2 | |||
| May record high C = 47.2 | |||
| Jun record high C = 47.2 | |||
| Jul record high C = 45.0 | |||
| Aug record high C = 40.1 | |||
| Sep record high C = 39.7 | |||
| Oct record high C = 39.4 | |||
| Nov record high C = 36.0 | |||
| Dec record high C = 32.8 | |||
| year record high C = 47.2 | |||
| Jan high C = 22.5 | |||
| Feb high C = 26.5 | |||
| Mar high C = 32.7 | |||
| Apr high C = 38.8 | |||
| May high C = 40.1 | |||
| Jun high C = 38.3 | |||
| Jul high C = 33.8 | |||
| Aug high C = 33.0 | |||
| Sep high C = 32.9 | |||
| Oct high C = 32.4 | |||
| Nov high C = 29.3 | |||
| Dec high C = 24.7 | |||
| year high C = 32.1 | |||
| Jan low C = 8.9 | |||
| Feb low C = 11.7 | |||
| Mar low C = 16.3 | |||
| Apr low C = 21.6 | |||
| May low C = 25.3 | |||
| Jun low C = 27.1 | |||
| Jul low C = 25.9 | |||
| Aug low C = 25.6 | |||
| Sep low C = 24.6 | |||
| Oct low C = 20.3 | |||
| Nov low C = 14.0 | |||
| Dec low C = 9.8 | |||
| year low C = 19.3 | |||
| Jan record low C = 1.0 | |||
| Feb record low C = 1.7 | |||
| Mar record low C = 6.7 | |||
| Apr record low C = 11.1 | |||
| May record low C = 17.3 | |||
| Jun record low C = 20.5 | |||
| Jul record low C = 20.0 | |||
| Aug record low C = 20.4 | |||
| Sep record low C = 17.8 | |||
| Oct record low C = 11.7 | |||
| Nov record low C = 5.0 | |||
| Dec record low C = 2.2 | |||
| year record low C = 1.0 | |||
| rain colour = green | |||
| Jan rain mm = 16.7 | |||
| Feb rain mm = 22.8 | |||
| Mar rain mm = 9.2 | |||
| Apr rain mm = 5.7 | |||
| May rain mm = 16.8 | |||
| Jun rain mm = 106.8 | |||
| Jul rain mm = 260.9 | |||
| Aug rain mm = 280.8 | |||
| Sep rain mm = 228.9 | |||
| Oct rain mm = 29.0 | |||
| Nov rain mm = 7.2 | |||
| Dec rain mm = 4.2 | |||
| year rain mm = 989.0 | |||
| Jan rain days = 1.5 | |||
| Feb rain days = 1.8 | |||
| Mar rain days = 0.7 | |||
| Apr rain days = 0.7 | |||
| May rain days = 1.7 | |||
| Jun rain days = 5.2 | |||
| Jul rain days = 12.9 | |||
| Aug rain days = 12.5 | |||
| Sep rain days = 9.1 | |||
| Oct rain days = 1.9 | |||
| Nov rain days = 0.4 | |||
| Dec rain days = 0.4 | |||
| year rain days = 48.7 | |||
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | |||
| Jan humidity = 63 | |||
| Feb humidity = 50 | |||
| Mar humidity = 35 | |||
| Apr humidity = 25 | |||
| May humidity = 31 | |||
| Jun humidity = 50 | |||
| Jul humidity = 74 | |||
| Aug humidity = 78 | |||
| Sep humidity = 77 | |||
| Oct humidity = 68 | |||
| Nov humidity = 66 | |||
| Dec humidity = 66 | |||
| year humidity = 57 | |||
| Jan sun = 232.5 | |||
| Feb sun = 240.1 | |||
| Mar sun = 291.4 | |||
| Apr sun = 294.0 | |||
| May sun = 300.7 | |||
| Jun sun = 234.0 | |||
| Jul sun = 142.6 | |||
| Aug sun = 189.1 | |||
| Sep sun = 195.0 | |||
| Oct sun = 257.3 | |||
| Nov sun = 261.0 | |||
| Dec sun = 210.8 | |||
| year sun = | |||
| Jand sun = 7.5 | |||
| Febd sun = 8.5 | |||
| Mard sun = 9.4 | |||
| Aprd sun = 9.8 | |||
| Mayd sun = 9.7 | |||
| Jund sun = 7.8 | |||
| Juld sun = 4.6 | |||
| Augd sun = 6.1 | |||
| Sepd sun = 6.5 | |||
| Octd sun = 8.3 | |||
| Novd sun = 8.7 | |||
| Decd sun = 6.8 | |||
| yeard sun = 7.8 | |||
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]] (sun 1971–2000)<ref name=VaranasiIMDnormals> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | |||
| title = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = January 2015 | |||
| pages = 779–82 | |||
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=VaranasiIMDextremes> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | |||
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = December 2016 | |||
| page = M224 | |||
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDsunVaranasi>{{cite web | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042602/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20%26%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf | |||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 | |||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20&%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf | |||
| title = Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India | |||
| work = Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000) | |||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department | |||
| date = December 2016 | |||
| page = M-3 | |||
| access-date = 1 March 2020 | |||
| url-status = live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
| source = | |||
| Jan uv = 6 | |||
| Feb uv = 7 | |||
| Mar uv = 10 | |||
| Apr uv = 11 | |||
| May uv = 12 | |||
| Jun uv = 12 | |||
| Jul uv = 12 | |||
| Aug uv = 12 | |||
| Sep uv = 11 | |||
| Oct uv = 8 | |||
| Nov uv = 6 | |||
| Dec uv = 5 | |||
| source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas Varanasi"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/varanasi-climate | |||
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Varanasi, India | |||
| publisher = Weather Atlas | |||
| access-date = 28 June 2022 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{{Portal|India|Weather}} | {{Portal|India|Weather}} | ||
*[[Geography of Uttar Pradesh]] | *[[Geography of Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
*[[Uttar Pradesh]] | *[[Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
*[[Climate]] | *[[Climate of India]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|30em}} | {{reflist|30em}} | ||
{{ | {{Uttar Pradesh topics}} | ||
{{Climate of India by state or territory}} | |||
[[Category:Geography of Uttar Pradesh]] | [[Category:Geography of Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Climate of India|Uttar Pradesh]] | |||
[[Category:Climate of India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:59, 26 March 2026
The climate of Uttar Pradesh is a tropical monsoon climate, consisting mainly of a humid subtropical climate with dry winter (Cwa). Parts of western Uttar Pradesh consist of a hot semi-arid climate (BSh). The uniformity of the vast Indo-Gangetic Plain covering most of the state causes it to have a predominantly single climate pattern with minor regional variations.
With temperatures fluctuating from 0 °C or 32 °F to 50 °C or 122 °F in several parts of the state and unpredictable rains, the summers are extremely hot, the winters are cold, and the rainy season can be either very wet or very dry.
Classification[edit | edit source]
The climate of Uttar Pradesh is generally defined to be tropical monsoon.[1] However, based on the Köppen climate classification, it can be classified mostly as humid subtropical with dry winter (Cwa) type with parts of western Uttar Pradesh as semi-arid hot (BSh).
Given significant climate differences, Uttar Pradesh has been divided into two meteorological sub-divisions, East Uttar Pradesh and West Uttar Pradesh.[2]
Seasons[edit | edit source]
According to the Indian Meteorological Department, Uttar Pradesh has three predominant seasons.[3][4]
The retreating monsoon season, although present generally in India, has a very negligible effect in Uttar Pradesh and only occasional mild showers are experienced in winter. Additionally, some of these showers are due to western disturbances, not the monsoon.[5]
Summer[edit | edit source]
Summer lasts from March to May. It is hot and dry, and temperatures rise to 45 °C or 113 °F, sometimes 47 or 48 °C or 116.6 or 118.4 °F. The relative humidity is low, at around 20 per cent, and the winds are laden with dust.
Monsoon[edit | edit source]
The monsoon season lasts from June to October. It accounts for 85 per cent of the average annual rainfall. During rainy days, the temperature falls.
Winter[edit | edit source]
Winter lasts from November to February. Morning temperatures drop to 3–4 °C or 37.4–39.2 °F, and sometimes drop below −1 °C or 30.2 °F. The skies are clear, and some regions experience foggy conditions.
Geography[edit | edit source]
Uttar Pradesh is in the heart of the Indo-Gangetic Plain with the Ganges river flowing right through the state, the Himalayas to the north, and the Chota Nagpur Plateau and the Vindhya Range to the south of the state.
Temperature[edit | edit source]
Temperature varies from 0 to 46 °C (32.0 to 114.8 °F).[4] High temperatures of around 50 °C or 122 °F have been recorded in Gonda district.[1] Such a wide range of temperature fluctuations in most parts of the state can lead to either cold waves or heat waves both resulting in substantial loss of life and economy.
Heat waves[edit | edit source]
In 2007, a heat wave struck Uttar Pradesh, with Banda district with 45.5 °C or 113.9 °F the hottest in the state for several days.[6] At least 62 people were reportedly dead during the heat wave that year.[7]
In June 2009, 30 people died of heatstroke.[8] Record high temperatures reached 49 °C or 120.2 °F in the Bundelkhand region of southern Uttar Pradesh.[9][10]
In June 2010, Jhansi recorded the highest temperature of 46.7 °C or 116.1 °F, the hottest in that year.[11]
Cold waves[edit | edit source]
In recent years, the 2007–2008 winter caused a string of cold-related deaths[12] with temperatures as low as 2.8 °C or 37.0 °F in the city of Meerut. Simultaneously, it also led to a loss of crops and agricultural products.
Similarly, the last part of 2009 saw the temperature falling to lows of 2.9 °C or 37.2 °F in Meerut, again causing deaths.[13]
The 2010–2011 winter caused more cold-wave-related deaths.[14][15] This time, Churk, Sonbhadra district, ranked coldest with 1.4 °C or 34.5 °F.[14]
On 13 January 2013, Kanpur recorded its all-time low temperature when the temperature plunged to −1.1 °C or 30.0 °F and on the same day, Agra recorded −0.7 °C or 30.7 °F.
In January, in Lucknow, the temperature can plunge below freezing; Lucknow recorded 0.0 °C or 32.0 °F on 18 January 2017. Agra and Muzaffarnagar are also notorious for chilly winds and the temperature there can also go below freezing.
Precipitation[edit | edit source]
It rains over most of Uttar Pradesh, with very few arid or semi-arid patches. Snowfall does not occur, but hailstorms, frost, and dew often do. The type of rainfall that Uttar Pradesh receives is orographic, cyclonic, and convectional.[4]
Rain[edit | edit source]
Primarily a summer phenomenon, the Bay of Bengal branch of the Indian Monsoon is the major bearer of rain in most parts of Uttar Pradesh. It is the south-west monsoon which brings most of the rain, although rain due to western disturbances[5] and the north-east monsoon also contribute small quantities towards the overall rain in the state.[4] The rain can vary from an annual average of 170 cm in hilly areas to less than 80 cm in the west.[4] Given that most of this rainfall is concentrated in the four months of the monsoon season, excess rain can lead to floods and a shortage to droughts.[1] As such, floods and droughts are a common occurrence.
Floods[edit | edit source]
Floods are a known hazard of Uttar Pradesh due to overflowing of its main rivers like Ganges, Yamuna, Ramganga, Gomti, Sharda, Ghaghra, Rapti, and Gandak.[2] The estimated annual loss due to floods is ₹4.32 billion (US$61 million).[2] Major flood management efforts have been undertaken to mitigate the risk. Most of these floods occur due to the monsoon rains and the resulting overflow of rivers. One such year occurred in 2010.[16][17]
Droughts[edit | edit source]
Shortages of rain during the highly variable monsoon season can cause droughts, leading to deaths and property loss. Recent 2002 and 2004 drought-related loss estimates have been reported to be ₹75.4 billion (US$1.1 billion) and ₹72.92 billion (US$1.0 billion), respectively.[2]
The recurrence of a major deficiency in annual rainfall follows a six to eight-year cycle in East Uttar Pradesh, whereas in West Uttar Pradesh, it is a ten-year cycle.
Wind[edit | edit source]
In summer, hot winds called loo blow across Uttar Pradesh. They are dust-laden and quite damaging.[4] In winter, dry and rainless winds blow across the state. Fog may also form in parts of Uttar Pradesh.[4]
Climate data[edit | edit source]
| Climate data for Lucknow (1981–2010, extremes 1952–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.4 (86.7) |
35.9 (96.6) |
40.9 (105.6) |
45.0 (113.0) |
46.5 (115.7) |
47.7 (117.9) |
44.2 (111.6) |
40.4 (104.7) |
40.1 (104.2) |
37.7 (99.9) |
38.0 (100.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
47.7 (117.9) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) |
31.1 (88.0) |
37.6 (99.7) |
42.2 (108.0) |
44.0 (111.2) |
43.5 (110.3) |
38.7 (101.7) |
36.5 (97.7) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.6 (96.1) |
32.2 (90.0) |
28.1 (82.6) |
44.6 (112.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 22.1 (71.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
32.3 (90.1) |
38.2 (100.8) |
39.6 (103.3) |
38.3 (100.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.8 (91.0) |
29.1 (84.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.2 (59.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.2 (55.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
5.2 (41.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 16.7 (0.66) |
16.1 (0.63) |
8.6 (0.34) |
5.6 (0.22) |
24.4 (0.96) |
107.8 (4.24) |
255.3 (10.05) |
213.7 (8.41) |
205.6 (8.09) |
44.8 (1.76) |
6.4 (0.25) |
12.3 (0.48) |
917.3 (36.09) |
| Average rainy days | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 5.2 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 8.4 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 45.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 60 | 47 | 33 | 25 | 32 | 49 | 73 | 77 | 74 | 65 | 61 | 62 | 55 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 9 (48) |
12 (54) |
13 (55) |
14 (57) |
19 (66) |
23 (73) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
19 (66) |
14 (57) |
10 (50) |
18 (63) |
| Average ultraviolet index | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 9 |
| Source 1: India Meteorological Department[18][19] Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)[20] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas[21] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Kanpur (1981-2010, extremes 1901-2006) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.1 (88.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
42.8 (109.0) |
45.6 (114.1) |
47.2 (117.0) |
47.3 (117.1) |
45.0 (113.0) |
40.6 (105.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
40.6 (105.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
47.3 (117.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 22.3 (72.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.8 (103.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
28.6 (83.5) |
24.4 (75.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.2 (81.0) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) |
0.6 (33.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 9.2 (0.36) |
9.2 (0.36) |
2.9 (0.11) |
2.7 (0.11) |
8.2 (0.32) |
61.8 (2.43) |
185.3 (7.30) |
191.7 (7.55) |
138.1 (5.44) |
33.9 (1.33) |
3.4 (0.13) |
2.1 (0.08) |
648.5 (25.52) |
| Average rainy days | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 9.6 | 9.0 | 6.1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 32.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 59 | 46 | 34 | 27 | 31 | 45 | 74 | 77 | 72 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 54 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[22][23] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Meerut (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) |
32.2 (90.0) |
39.5 (103.1) |
43.5 (110.3) |
45.8 (114.4) |
46.1 (115.0) |
46.0 (114.8) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
34.5 (94.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
46.1 (115.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
36.3 (97.3) |
39.1 (102.4) |
37.6 (99.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
32.6 (90.7) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.8 (91.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
23.6 (74.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
8.3 (46.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
15.7 (60.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
1.8 (35.2) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 19.7 (0.78) |
24.9 (0.98) |
24.4 (0.96) |
12.8 (0.50) |
19.1 (0.75) |
71.2 (2.80) |
269.0 (10.59) |
264.7 (10.42) |
95.4 (3.76) |
25.9 (1.02) |
4.3 (0.17) |
13.4 (0.53) |
845.0 (33.27) |
| Average rainy days | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 4.2 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 38.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 88 | 83 | 75 | 54 | 58 | 68 | 81 | 84 | 83 | 78 | 79 | 86 | 76 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2012)[24][25][26][27] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Varanasi (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.4 (88.5) |
36.1 (97.0) |
41.5 (106.7) |
45.2 (113.4) |
47.2 (117.0) |
47.2 (117.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
40.1 (104.2) |
39.7 (103.5) |
39.4 (102.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
32.8 (91.0) |
47.2 (117.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
32.7 (90.9) |
38.8 (101.8) |
40.1 (104.2) |
38.3 (100.9) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.4 (90.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
19.3 (66.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
1.7 (35.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 16.7 (0.66) |
22.8 (0.90) |
9.2 (0.36) |
5.7 (0.22) |
16.8 (0.66) |
106.8 (4.20) |
260.9 (10.27) |
280.8 (11.06) |
228.9 (9.01) |
29.0 (1.14) |
7.2 (0.28) |
4.2 (0.17) |
989.0 (38.94) |
| Average rainy days | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 5.2 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 9.1 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 48.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 63 | 50 | 35 | 25 | 31 | 50 | 74 | 78 | 77 | 68 | 66 | 66 | 57 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 232.5 | 240.1 | 291.4 | 294.0 | 300.7 | 234.0 | 142.6 | 189.1 | 195.0 | 257.3 | 261.0 | 210.8 | 2,848.5 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 6.8 | 7.8 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 9 |
| Source 1: India Meteorological Department (sun 1971–2000)[28][29][30] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas[31] | |||||||||||||
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mathur, Raj B. "Uttar Pradesh: Climate". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Disaster Management Department, Govt of U.P." rahat.up.nic.in. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ "Home » Uttar Pradesh Profile » Geography » Climate". UPonline. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Upkar Prakashan – Editorial Board (2008). Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge. Upkar Prakashan. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-81-7482-408-0. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sethi, Nitin (13 February 2007). "Met dept blames it on 'western disturbance'". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ "9 more succumb to heatwave in UP, rain claims 5 lives in south". OneIndiaNews.in. 11 June 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ "46 more perish in heat spell; toll crosses 100". The Hindu. 11 June 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ "120 die in unrelenting heatwave across India". 25 June 2009. IOL.co.za. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ "Deadly heatwave sweeps India". BreakingNews.ie. 26 June 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ "Deadly heat wave sweeps India". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ "Heat tightens grip over N-India, Rajasthan hottest". Zeenews.com. 20 June 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ IANS (3 January 2008). "Uttar Pradesh cold wave toll rises to 38". DNA. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ "Three die due to cold in UP as winter firms its grip on north". Zeenews.com. 27 December 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 IANS (7 January 2011). "Four more die in freezing Uttar Pradesh, toll climbs to 63". Sify.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ "Rajasthan temperature dips to 0 °C or 32 °F, N India frozen". OneIndiaNews.com. 6 January 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ "Floods play havoc in Bihar & Uttar Pradesh". Samachar today. 28 August 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ "Nine die in Uttar Pradesh India floods: Toll 429". Climate Himalaya Initiative-NEWS. 2 October 2010. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ "Station: Lucknow (Amausi) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 447–448. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M218. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ↑ "Climate & Weather Averages in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India". Time and Date. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
- ↑ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Lucknow, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ↑ "Station: Kanpur (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 387–388. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M217. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ↑ "Station: Meerut Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 509–510. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Meerut Climatological Table Period: 1971–2000". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ↑ "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M46. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ↑ "Climatological Normals 1981–2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 779–82. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M224. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India" (PDF). Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Varanasi, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
