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{{short description|National park in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox protected area
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Ranthambore National Park
| name = Ranthambore National Park
| photo_caption = Ranthambore National Park
| image = Ranthambore National Park.JPG
| map = India Rajasthan
| image_caption =
| map = India Rajasthan#India
| map_caption = Location in Rajasthan
| relief = 1
| relief = 1
| label = Ranthambore NP
| mapframe = Yes
| label =  
| label_position = right
| label_position = right
| iucn_category = II
| iucn_category = II
| location = [[Sawai Madhopur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| nearest_city = [[Sawai Madhopur]]  
| location = [[Sawai Madhopur]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| nearest_city = [[Sawai Madhopur]]
| coordinates = {{coord|26.01733|N|76.50257|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|26.01733|N|76.50257|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area_km2 = 1334
| area_km2 = 1334
| established = 1980
| established = {{ubl|1974 (as Tiger Reserve)|1980 (as National Park)}}
| website =
| website =  
| visitation_num =
| visitation_num =  
| visitation_year =
| visitation_year =  
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Project Tiger]]
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Project Tiger]]
}}
}}


'''Ranthambore National Park''' is a [[national park]] in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]], with an area of {{cvt|1334|km2}}. It is bounded to the north by the [[Banas River]] and to the south by the [[Chambal River]]. It is named after the historic [[Ranthambore Fort]], which lies within the park.
'''Ranthambore National Park''' is a [[national park]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Rajasthan]]. It covers a total area of {{cvt|1,334|km2}}. It is bounded to the north by the [[Banas River]] and to the south by the [[Chambal River]]. It is named after the historic [[Ranthambore Fort]], which lies within its boundaries in [[Sawai Madhopur district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranthambore National Park |url=https://www.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/rajsthan/department/forest-department/en/wildlife/ranthambore-national-park.html
|publisher=Government of Rajasthan |access-date=<!-- insert date -->}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
Ranthambore National Park was established as Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955, initially covering an area of {{convert|282|km²|abbr=on}}. It was declared one of the [[Project Tiger]] reserves in 1973 and became a national park on 1 November 1980. In 1984, the adjacent forests were declared the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary. In 1992, the Tiger Reserve was expanded to include the adjoining Keladevi Sanctuary in the north and Sawai Mansingh Sanctuary to the south along with other forests.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
Ranthambore National Park was established as the ''Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary'' in 1955, initially covering an area of {{cvt|282|km²}}. It was declared one of the [[Project Tiger]] reserves in 1974.<ref name=Riley2005/> It was declared a national park in 1980.{{cn|date=October 2025}}


== Features ==
== Geography==
[[File:Ranthanbore panaroma.JPG|thumb|A panoramic view of Ranthambore National Park from Ranthambhore Fort]]
[[File:Jungle Landscape.jpg|thumb|Landscape of Ranthambore National Park]]
[[File:Padam Talao.jpg|thumb|Padam Talao]]
Ranthambore National Park covers a total area of {{cvt|1334|km2}} including the [[Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary]] and Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary. The core area spans approximately {{cvt|275|km2}}. It harbours dry [[deciduous]] forests and open grassy meadows at an elevation range of about {{cvt|215-505|m}}.<ref>{{cite book |date=2003 |last=Derr |first=P. G. |title=Case studies in environmental ethics |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Maryland, USA |page=17 |isbn= 0742531376}}</ref>
[[File:Ranthambore Fort, Rajasthan.JPG|thumb|Ranthambore Fort]]
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2020}}
Ranthambore National Park harbours dry deciduous forests and open grassy meadow. The flora of the park includes 539 species of flowering plants.


[[Ranthambore Fort]] was built in the 10th century at {{convert|700|ft|order=flip|abbr=on}} above the surrounding plain. Inside the fort are three red Karauli stone temples devoted to [[Ganesh]], [[Shiva]] and Ramlalaji. There is a Digamber Jain temple of Lord Sumatinath and Lord Sambhavanath. The temples were constructed in the 12th and 13th centuries.
[[Ranthambore Fort]] was built in the 10th century by [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura]] at {{cvt|700|ft|order=flip}} above the surrounding plain. Inside the fort are three red-stone temples devoted to [[Ganesh]], [[Shiva]] and Ramlalaji. There is a Digamber [[Jain temple]] of [[Sumatinatha]] and [[Sambhavanatha]]. The temples were constructed in the 12th and 13th centuries. Padam Talao is the largest of the many lakes in the park. A red sandstone Jogi Mahal is on the edge of the lake.<ref name=BusinessInsider2021>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/article/ranthambore-national-park-features-an-excellent-variety-of-wildlife-amidst-dry-scrublands-and-fortress-ruins/articleshow/82015167.cms|title=Ranthambore National Park features an excellent variety of wildlife amidst dry scrublands and fortress ruins|work=[[Business Insider]]|date=2021|access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref>


Padam Talao is the largest of the many lakes in the park. A red sandstone Jogi Mahal is at the edge of the lake. A gigantic [[Banyan]] tree, considered to be India's second largest, is also near the lake.
==Flora==
Ranthambore National Park harbours over 300 tree species , including more than 100 of medicinal importance.<ref name=Riley2005/>
The land features dense tropical dry forest, open bushland, and rocky terrain, interspersed with lakes and streams. The ecoregion includes the [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]].<ref name=IM0206>{{WWF ecoregion |id=im0206 |name=Kathiarbar-Gir Dry Deciduous Forests |access-date=2017-02-14}}</ref>


{{prose|section|date=December 2018}}
== Fauna ==
[[File:Aravali range inside Ranthambhore, Rajasthan.jpg|thumb|[[Aravali Range]] inside Ranthambore National Park]]
[[File:Get Together.jpg|thumb|A group of gray langurs at Ranthambore fort]]
* National Park area: 275&nbsp;km² core area. 392&nbsp;km² including buffer zone
[[File:Spotted deer in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve.jpg|thumb|Spotted deer herd in Ranthambore National Park]]
* Tiger Reserve area: 334&nbsp;km². Today it covers an area of 1334&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.
Ranthambore National Park hosts many wild animals, including [[chital]], [[Sambar deer|sambar]], [[blackbuck]], [[chinkara]], [[nilgai]], [[langur]]s, [[rhesus macaque]], [[golden jackal]], [[striped hyena]], [[jungle cat]], [[caracal]], [[leopard]], [[tiger]] and [[sloth bear]].<ref name="BusinessInsider2021"/><ref name="TimesofIndia2024">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/7-wildlife-species-you-should-look-out-for-when-in-ranthambore-national-park/articleshow/113421809.cms|title=7 wildlife species you should look out for when in Ranthambore National Park|work=[[Times of India]]|date=17 September 2024|access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref> The park hosts over 270 species of birds, including [[peafowl]], [[crested serpent eagle]], [[painted francolin]], and [[Indian paradise flycatcher]].<ref name="TimesofIndia2024"/><ref name=Riley2005>{{cite book |date=2005 |last=Riley |first=L. |title=Nature's strongholds : the world's greatest wildlife reserves |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, USA |page=225 |isbn=9780691122199}}</ref>
* Elevation: 215 to 505 meters above sea level.
* Terrain: Dense [[tropical dry forest]], open bushland and rocky terrain interspersed with lakes and streams.
* [[Terrestrial ecoregion|Ecoregion]]: [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]].<ref name=IM0206>{{WWF ecoregion |id=im0206 |name=Kathiarbar-Gir Dry Deciduous Forests |access-date=2017-02-14}}</ref>
 
== Wildlife ==
Ranthambore National Park hosts deciduous forests and wildlife such as [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian leopard]], [[nilgai]], [[wild boar]], [[Sambar Deer|sambar]], [[striped hyena]], [[sloth bear]], [[southern plains gray langur]], [[rhesus macaque]], [[mugger crocodile]]<ref name="NowellJackson1996">{{Cite book |author1=Nowell, K. |author2=Jackson, P. |title=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |chapter-url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf |year=1996 |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |location=Gland, Switzerland |isbn=2-8317-0045-0 |pages=55–65 |chapter=Tiger}}</ref><ref name="Da Silva and Lenin, 2010">Da Silva, A. and Lenin, J. (2010). [http://www.iucncsg.org/365_docs/attachments/protarea/17_C-f8ad64af.pdf "Mugger Crocodile" ''Crocodylus palustris''], pp. 94–98 in S.C. Manolis and C. Stevenson (eds.) ''Crocodiles. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan''. 3rd edition, Crocodile Specialist Group: Darwin.</ref> and [[chital]]. The sanctuary is home to a wide variety of [[tree]]s, [[plant]]s, [[bird]]s and [[reptile]]s, as well as one of the largest [[banyan]] trees in India.


=== Tigers ===
=== Tigers ===
[[File:T24 in Ranthambore2.jpg|thumb|[[T-24 (tiger)|T-24]], considered to be the largest tiger in the park]]
[[File:Tiger from Ranthanbore Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan India 12.10.2014.jpg|thumb|Tiger in Ranthambore National Park]]
[[File:Tiger from Ranthanbore Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan India 12.10.2014.jpg|thumb|Tigress T39 from Zone-1]]
Ranthambore is known for its [[Bengal tiger]] population. During the past few years, there has been a decline in numbers due to poaching and other reasons.<ref name="Sadhu et al., 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Sadhu |first1=A. |last2=Jayam |first2=P. P. C. |last3=Qureshi |first3=Q. |last4=Shekhawat |first4=R. S. |last5=Sharma |first5=S. |author6-link=Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala |last6=Jhala |first6=Y. V. |title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India |journal=BMC Zoology |volume=2 |article-number=16 |doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y |date=2017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The number of tigers was 25 in 2005 and 48 in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two more cubs spotted in Ranthambore |date=2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 July 2014 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Two-more-cubs-spotted-in-Ranthambore/articleshow/35694718.cms}}</ref> As of 2022, there were 69 tigers in the national park.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patil |first=N. |date=2024 |title=Conservation not enough for the highly inbred Ranthambore tigers — they require genetic rescue |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/wildlife-biodiversity/conservation-not-enough-for-the-highly-inbred-ranthambore-tigers-they-require-genetic-rescue-95077 |access-date=2025-10-24 |work=Down To Earth}}</ref>
[[File:Chasing the hunt.jpg|thumb|T 83 - Lightening]]
Ranthambore is known for its large tiger population. During the past few years, there has been a decline in the tiger population in Ranthambhore due to [[poaching]] and other reasons.<ref name="Sadhu et al., 2017">{{Cite journal |last=Sadhu |first=A. |last2=Jayam |first2=P. P. C. |last3=Qureshi |first3=Q. |last4=Shekhawat |first4=R. S. |last5=Sharma |first5=S. |last6=[[Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala|Jhala]]|first6=Y. V. |title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India |journal=BMC Zoology |volume=2 |pages=16 |doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y |date=2017 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
 
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2020}}
As park tourism and the population of neighbouring villages increased, there were more frequent fatal human-tiger interactions and poaching. The Indian government started Project Tiger in 1973 and allotted an area of 60&nbsp;mi<sup>2</sup> of the park as a tiger sanctuary. This area later expanded to become what is now the Ranthambore National Park.
 
In 2005, there were 26 tigers living in the park. This was significantly lower than the recorded tiger population of the reserve in 1982, which stood at 44. According to non-government sources there were 34 adult tigers in the Ranthambore National Park in 2008, and more than 14 cubs. This increase was attributed largely to sustained efforts by forest officials to curb poaching. Villagers in the region were being given incentives to stay out of the park, and surveillance cameras were also fitted across the reserve. The Indian government committed US$153 million for these efforts. They were successful enough to make Ranthambhore eligible to participate in the [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]] relocation program. The first aerial relocation, of the male tiger (Dara) from Ranthambhore to Sariska, was done on 28 June 2008 by Wing Commander Vimal Raj, using a Mi-17 helicopter. This translocated tiger died on 15 November 2010 due to poisoning.
A tigress known as "The Lady of the Lakes" was separated from her parents at a very young age because of poaching. The young tigress was named [[Machli (tigress)|Machli]] after the mark on her body that resembles a fish. She gave birth to three female cubs, one being dubbed 'Machli - The Junior'. The father of Machli Jr. died early from an unknown disease, as confirmed by forest officer [[Fateh Singh Rathore]]. Machli Jr. mated with the male tiger Bumburam and gave birth to two cubs, Slant Ear and Broken Tail. Baccha is believed to be her grandson.  Machli recently went missing, raising concern among forest officials, as hunting is difficult at her age.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Ranthambores-missing-tigress-Machli-found-after-26-days/articleshow/29875506.cms |title=Ranthambores missing tigress Machli found after 26 days |newspaper=Times of India }}</ref> After twenty-six days Machli was spotted and located by forest officials. At 20 years old, Machli Sr. was the world's oldest living tigress and she died in August 2016. She was the most famous tigress in the world holding the title of the most photographed tigress in the world. She was single handedly instrumental in increasing the flow of tourists from all over the world to Ranthambore National Park. Machli's daughter T19 (Krishna or Unis) is the current queen tigress of Ranthambore. In 2014, she gave birth to four cubs fathered by Star or Zalim (she was seen mating with both of them), with three surviving, these cubs are now known as T-84, T-83 and T-85.  She became the longest living tigress in wild environment recorded till date.
Another popular tigress from Ranthambore is tigress T39, also known as Mala or Noor. Her name comes from the decorative bead-like stripes on her body. She was born to tigress T-13 and fathered by T-12. In November 2016, she was seen with her fourth litter of two cubs. Noor is 9 years old and her son, T72, or Sultan, is from her first litter and is approximately six years old.
Broken Tail was given international publicity in a film made about his life. He left the park area and traveled from Ranthambore to Darra, where he was killed by a train while crossing the railway tracks. The documentary film called ''Broken Tail'' features his last journey and has been shown worldwide on many TV channels.
T - 25 also known as Dollar male or Zalim is another famous tiger in Ranthambore, he sent observers and tiger researchers in a tizzy when he fathered his 2 female cubs as their mother died of a disease, this two cubs are now known as Bina 1 and Bina 2 and both were relocated to Sariska National Park in November 2012 when they were 2 years old.
According to the 2014 census of tigers, there were 62 tigers in Ranthambore National Park.<ref>{{cite news|title=Two more cubs spotted in Ranthambore|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Two-more-cubs-spotted-in-Ranthambore/articleshow/35694718.cms|access-date=7 July 2014 |work=The Times of India|date=29 May 2014}}</ref> The number of tigers was 48 in 2013 and 25 in 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=24 Tigers 2013 will be shifted from Ranthambhore|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/24-tigers-will-be-shifted-from-ranthambhore/1015908|access-date=7 July 2014|work=Patrika Group|language=hi}}</ref>


== Ecosystem Valuation ==
== Ecosystem valuation ==
Economic valuation of the tiger reserve estimated that its flow benefits are worth 8.3 billion rupees (0.56 lakh/hectare) annually. Gene-pool protection services (7.11 billion), provisioning of water to the neighbouring region (115 million) and provisioning of habitat and refugia for wildlife (182 million) were some of the important services that emanated from the tiger reserve. Other services included nutrient cycling (34 million) and [[carbon sequestration|sequestration of carbon]] (69 million).<ref>{{cite web| title=Economic Valuation of Tiger Reservers in India - A value+ approach |url=http://www.iifm.ac.in/sites/default/files/Newspdf/IIFM-NTCA-REPORT.compressed-min.pdf |access-date=14 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826050803/http://www.iifm.ac.in/sites/default/files/Newspdf/IIFM-NTCA-REPORT.compressed-min.pdf| archive-date=26 August 2016}}</ref>
Economic valuation of the tiger reserve estimated that its flow benefits are worth 8.3 billion rupees (0.56 lakh/hectare) annually. Gene-pool protection services (7.11 billion), provisioning of water to the neighbouring region (115 million) and provisioning of habitat and refuge for wildlife (182 million) were some of the important services that emanated from the tiger reserve. Other services included [[nutrient cycling]] (34 million) and [[carbon sequestration|sequestration of carbon]] (69 million).<ref>{{cite web| title=Economic Valuation of Tiger Reservers in India – A value+ approach |url=http://www.iifm.ac.in/sites/default/files/Newspdf/IIFM-NTCA-REPORT.compressed-min.pdf |access-date=14 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826050803/http://www.iifm.ac.in/sites/default/files/Newspdf/IIFM-NTCA-REPORT.compressed-min.pdf| archive-date=26 August 2016}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Arid Forest Research Institute]]
* [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]]
* [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]]
* [[Khandar Fort]]
* [[Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History]]
* [[Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History]]
* [[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*Singh, V. and Shrivastava, A. 2007. Biodiversity of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. {{ISBN|81-7233-492-3}}
 
== Further reading ==
*Singh, V.; Shrivastava, A. 2007. Biodiversity of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. {{ISBN|81-7233-492-3}}.


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}


{{National Parks of India}}
{{National Parks of India}}

Revision as of 14:54, 12 March 2026


Ranthambore National Park
Map showing the location of Ranthambore National Park
Map showing the location of Ranthambore National Park
Location in Rajasthan
Map showing the location of Ranthambore National Park
Map showing the location of Ranthambore National Park
Ranthambore National Park (India)
LocationSawai Madhopur, Rajasthan, India
Nearest citySawai Madhopur
Coordinates26°01′02″N 76°30′09″E / 26.01733°N 76.50257°E / 26.01733; 76.50257
Area1,334 km2 (515 sq mi)
Established
  • 1974 (as Tiger Reserve)
  • 1980 (as National Park)
Governing bodyMinistry of Environment and Forests, Project Tiger

Ranthambore National Park is a national park in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It covers a total area of 1,334 km2 (515 sq mi). It is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River. It is named after the historic Ranthambore Fort, which lies within its boundaries in Sawai Madhopur district.[1]

History

Ranthambore National Park was established as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955, initially covering an area of 282 km2 (109 sq mi). It was declared one of the Project Tiger reserves in 1974.[2] It was declared a national park in 1980.[citation needed]

Geography

Landscape of Ranthambore National Park

Ranthambore National Park covers a total area of 1,334 km2 (515 sq mi) including the Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary and Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary. The core area spans approximately 275 km2 (106 sq mi). It harbours dry deciduous forests and open grassy meadows at an elevation range of about 215–505 m (705–1,657 ft).[3]

Ranthambore Fort was built in the 10th century by Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura at 210 m (700 ft) above the surrounding plain. Inside the fort are three red-stone temples devoted to Ganesh, Shiva and Ramlalaji. There is a Digamber Jain temple of Sumatinatha and Sambhavanatha. The temples were constructed in the 12th and 13th centuries. Padam Talao is the largest of the many lakes in the park. A red sandstone Jogi Mahal is on the edge of the lake.[4]

Flora

Ranthambore National Park harbours over 300 tree species , including more than 100 of medicinal importance.[2] The land features dense tropical dry forest, open bushland, and rocky terrain, interspersed with lakes and streams. The ecoregion includes the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests.[5]

Fauna

A group of gray langurs at Ranthambore fort
Spotted deer herd in Ranthambore National Park

Ranthambore National Park hosts many wild animals, including chital, sambar, blackbuck, chinkara, nilgai, langurs, rhesus macaque, golden jackal, striped hyena, jungle cat, caracal, leopard, tiger and sloth bear.[4][6] The park hosts over 270 species of birds, including peafowl, crested serpent eagle, painted francolin, and Indian paradise flycatcher.[6][2]

Tigers

Tiger in Ranthambore National Park

Ranthambore is known for its Bengal tiger population. During the past few years, there has been a decline in numbers due to poaching and other reasons.[7] The number of tigers was 25 in 2005 and 48 in 2013.[8] As of 2022, there were 69 tigers in the national park.[9]

Ecosystem valuation

Economic valuation of the tiger reserve estimated that its flow benefits are worth 8.3 billion rupees (0.56 lakh/hectare) annually. Gene-pool protection services (7.11 billion), provisioning of water to the neighbouring region (115 million) and provisioning of habitat and refuge for wildlife (182 million) were some of the important services that emanated from the tiger reserve. Other services included nutrient cycling (34 million) and sequestration of carbon (69 million).[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Ranthambore National Park". Government of Rajasthan.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Riley, L. (2005). Nature's strongholds : the world's greatest wildlife reserves. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 225. ISBN 9780691122199.
  3. ↑ Derr, P. G. (2003). Case studies in environmental ethics. Maryland, USA: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 17. ISBN 0742531376.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Ranthambore National Park features an excellent variety of wildlife amidst dry scrublands and fortress ruins". Business Insider. 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
  5. ↑ "Kathiarbar-Gir Dry Deciduous Forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "7 wildlife species you should look out for when in Ranthambore National Park". Times of India. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
  7. ↑ Sadhu, A.; Jayam, P. P. C.; Qureshi, Q.; Shekhawat, R. S.; Sharma, S.; Jhala, Y. V. (2017). "Demography of a small, isolated tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in a semi-arid region of western India". BMC Zoology. 2 16. doi:10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y.
  8. ↑ "Two more cubs spotted in Ranthambore". The Times of India. 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  9. ↑ Patil, N. (2024). "Conservation not enough for the highly inbred Ranthambore tigers — they require genetic rescue". Down To Earth. Retrieved 24 October 2025.
  10. ↑ "Economic Valuation of Tiger Reservers in India – A value+ approach" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

Further reading

  • Singh, V.; Shrivastava, A. 2007. Biodiversity of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. ISBN 81-7233-492-3.

External links

Template:National Parks of India Template:Tiger Reserves Of India

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