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| name          = Naagarahaavu
| name          = Naagarahaavu
| image          = Naagarahaavu.jpg
| image          = Naagarahaavu.jpg
| caption        = Film poster
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director      = [[Puttanna Kanagal]]
| director      = [[Puttanna Kanagal]]
| producer      = [[N. Veeraswamy]]
| producer      = [[N. Veeraswamy]]
Line 12: Line 12:
| based_on      = {{Based on|''Nagarahavu'',<br />''Ondu Gandu Eradu Hennu'' and ''Sarpa Mathsara''|T. R. Subba Rao}}
| based_on      = {{Based on|''Nagarahavu'',<br />''Ondu Gandu Eradu Hennu'' and ''Sarpa Mathsara''|T. R. Subba Rao}}
| screenplay    = Puttanna Kanagal
| screenplay    = Puttanna Kanagal
| starring      = [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]<br />[[Aarathi]]<br />[[Shuba|Shubha]]
| starring      = [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]<br />[[Ambareesh]]<br />[[Aarathi]]<br />[[Shuba|Shubha]] <br />[[K S Ashwath]]
| music          = [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
| music          = [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
| cinematography = Chittibabu
| cinematography = Chittibabu
Line 23: Line 23:
| budget        =  
| budget        =  
}}
}}
'''''Naagarahaavu''''' ({{trans|Cobra}}) (Kannada: ನಾಗರಹಾವು) is a 1972 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by [[Puttanna Kanagal]], based on [[T. R. Subba Rao]]'s three novels ''Nagarahavu'', ''Ondu Gandu Eradu Hennu'' and ''Sarpa Mathsara'', <ref>https://newsable.asianetnews.com/amp/editorial/tarasu-kannada-films-novelist-nagarahavu-hamsageetha-chandanada-gombe-chandavalliya-thota-akashmika-nrupatunga</ref> and starring [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Aarathi]] , [[K. S. Ashwath]] and [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]] in lead roles. The supporting cast features [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]], [[Ambareesh]], [[Shivaram]], [[Dheerendra Gopal]], [[Lokanath]] and [[Vajramuni]]. This is the first Kannada movie to complete 100 days in three centres. This film was remade in Hindi as ''[[Zehreela Insaan]]'', directed by Puttanna Kanagal himself and  in Tamil as ''[[Raja Nagam]]'' and ''[[Kode Nagu]]'' in Telugu.
'''''Naagarahaavu''''' ({{audio|Kn-ನಾಗರಹಾವು.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|Cobra}}) is a 1972 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by [[Puttanna Kanagal]], based on [[T. R. Subba Rao]]'s three novels ''Nagarahavu'', ''Ondu Gandu Eradu Hennu'' and ''Sarpa Mathsara'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitradurga |first=Shashidhar |date=20 April 2017 |title=Meet the man who was the inspiration behind great Kannada films |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/editorial/tarasu-kannada-films-novelist-nagarahavu-hamsageetha-chandanada-gombe-chandavalliya-thota-akashmika-nrupatunga |website=Asianet Newsable |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526185843/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/amp/editorial/tarasu-kannada-films-novelist-nagarahavu-hamsageetha-chandanada-gombe-chandavalliya-thota-akashmika-nrupatunga |url-status=live }}</ref> and starring [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Aarathi]], [[K. S. Ashwath]] and [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]]. The supporting cast features [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]], [[M. Jayashree]], [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]], [[Ambareesh]], [[Shivaram]], [[Dheerendra Gopal]], [[Lokanath]] and [[Vajramuni]]. The film has a musical score by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]. Cinematography was done by Chittibabu.


The film was a huge success and paved way for the stardom of [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Ambarish]] and [[Aarathi]] who eventually morphed as leading actors in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada cinema]].<ref name="TH">{{cite news |title= Naagarahaavu 1972 |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/naagarahaavu-1972/article1427007.ece |newspaper= The Hindu |date= 18 October 2008 |access-date= 8 March 2014}}</ref> This was Vishnuvardhan's first movie as the lead. Over a period of time, the character roles of [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]], [[Dheerendra Gopal]], [[Loknath]], [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]] have come in for their share of applause.
The film revolves around the protagonist's relationship with his teacher, Chamayya ([[K. S. Ashwath]]). Chamayya, who is childless treats Ramachari ([[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]) as his son. He takes it upon himself to guide Ramachari on the right path despite Ramachari's legendary anger. He usually acts as the negotiator between his student and the people who have issues with Ramachari's behaviour. Ramachari is a young man whose anger is his weakness. He is difficult to reason with and has a great deal of pride. Chamayya is the only person who can convince him to do anything. His love interests are Alamelu ([[Aarathi]]) and Margaret ([[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]]) who play pivotal parts in his life.


The film primarily revolves around the protagonist's relationship with his teacher, Chamayya ([[K. S. Ashwath]]). Chamayya, who is childless treats Ramachari ([[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]) as his son. He takes it upon himself to guide Ramachari on the right path despite Ramachari's legendary anger. He usually acts as the negotiator between his student and the people who have issues with Ramachari's behaviour. Ramachari is a young man whose anger is his weakness. He is difficult to reason with and has a great deal of pride. Chamayya is the only person who can convince him to do anything. His love interests are Alamelu ([[Aarathi]]) and Margaret ([[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]]) who play pivotal parts in his life.
The film was released on 29 December 1972 to widespread critical acclaim and was a success at the box office and paved the way for the stardom of [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], Ambareesh and [[Aarathi]] who became leading actors in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada cinema]].<ref name="TH">{{Cite news |last=Venkatasubba Rao |first=K. N. |date=18 October 2008 |title=Naagarahaavu 1972 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/naagarahaavu-1972/article1427007.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=8 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213147/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/naagarahaavu-1972/article1427007.ece |archive-date=4 October 2013}}</ref> It has developed a [[cult following]] over the years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=V |first=Vinay Kumar |date=2020-01-19 |title='Naagarahaavu' vs 'KGF': What a comparison of the cult hits reveals about Kannada cinema |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/naagarahaavu-vs-kgf-what-comparison-cult-hits-reveals-about-kannada-cinema-116388 |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> The character roles of [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]], [[Dheerendra Gopal]], [[Loknath]], [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]] were also critically acclaimed. The film won eight [[1972–73 Karnataka State Film Awards|Karnataka State Film Awards]] for [[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]], [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]], [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]], [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story]], [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]. The film also won two [[21st Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film – Kannada]] and a [[Filmfare Special Award – South|Special Award for excellent performance]]. This film was remade in Hindi as ''[[Zehreela Insaan]]'', directed by Puttanna Kanagal himself and in Tamil as ''[[Raja Nagam]]'' and ''[[Kode Nagu]]'' in Telugu.


The conversations between the Guru (Chamayya) and Shishya (Ramachari) are the highlight of the movie all through. Chamayya and Ramachari have differences of opinion over what is right and wrong. Chamayya is more willing to blend in with the society than Ramachari and this usually ends in an argument between the two. It is possible that the society is the silent rhetoric for the title of the movie which spreads venom&nbsp;— a cobra.
The film was re-released in its digitized version on 20 July 2018. This movie was digitalized by Balaji who is the brother of [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] and son of [[N. Veeraswamy]], who was the producer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Vishnuvardhan's all-time classic 'Nagarahavu' to re-release |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vishnuvardhan-s-all-time-classic-nagarahavu-re-release-84608 |access-date=14 August 2018 |website=[[The News Minute]] |archive-date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719060844/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vishnuvardhan-s-all-time-classic-nagarahavu-re-release-84608 |url-status=live }}</ref>


The film was re-released in its digitized version on July 20, 2018. This movie was digitalized by Balaji who is the brother of V.Ravichandran and son of Veeraswammy who was the producer.  The re-release was also a big hit and broke so-many records. The re-release got a huge appreciation from all and created a new record of collection.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vishnuvardhan-s-all-time-classic-nagarahavu-re-release-84608|title=Vishnuvardhan's all-time classic 'Nagarahavu' to re-release|date=12 July 2018|website=Thenewsminute.com|access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref>
== Plot ==
=== Ramachari ===
The story revolves around a short-tempered, yet affable college student named Ramachari in the town of [[Chitradurga]]. The story begins with Ramachari being caught in class while trying to copy in an examination and being suspended by the college principal (Loknath). Humiliated and angry, Ramachari throws stones at the principal's house in the night and when the principal wakes up and comes out of his house, ties the half-naked principal to a pole and runs away.


== Plot details ==
Ramachari is the son of pious parents. His father doesn't like Ramachari because he is unpopular in the town as a ruffian. His mother is worried about his future. One person who cares for Ramachari is his primary school teacher, Chamayya (K.S.Ashwath) master. Ramachari finds the company of Chamayya and his wife Tunga (Leelavathi), more comforting than that of his parents. Ramachari has very great regard for Chamayya master willing to do whatever he says, without thinking.
The story revolves around a short-tempered, yet affable college student named Ramachari. Ramachari is unpopular in the whole town of [[Chitradurga]] as an ill-tempered boy and is disliked by many people in his college.


=== First few years of Ramachari in College ===
The next part of the story is about the two women Almelu (Aarathi) and Margaret (Shubha) who come into Ramachari's life and how the teacher Chamayya influences Ramachari's decisions in these relationships. The teacher tries to bring Ramachari into the "conventional way of life", but he errs and Ramachari's life is destroyed.
The story begins with Ramachari being caught in a classroom while trying to copy in an examination. The college principal (Loknath) suspends him for copying in the exam. Ramachari is humiliated and angry at this action and later at night Ramachari throws stones at the principal's house and when the principal wakes up and comes out of his house, Ramachari ties the half-naked principal to a pole and runs away satisfied.
 
Then the plot focuses on Ramachari's home. Ramachari is brought up in a pious and religious Brahmin environment by his parents Madhwacharya and Sonabai. His father doesn't like him because he is unpopular in the whole town as a ruffian. His mother is worried about his future. One person who truly (seems to) understand Ramachari is his primary school teacher, Chamayya (K.S.Ashwath) master. Ramachari finds the company of his primary school teacher Chamayya and his wife Tunga (Leelavathi), more interesting than that of his parents and considers them as his parents. Ramachari has very great regards for his Chamayya master even though he is no longer his academic teacher and would do whatever his teacher would say without thinking.
 
The next part of the story is about the two women Almelu (Aarathi) and Margaret (Shubha) who come into Ramachari's life and how the teacher Chamayya influences Ramachari's decisions in these relationships. The teacher tries to bring Ramachari in the "conventional way of life", but he errs and Ramachari's life is destroyed.


=== Almelu ===
=== Almelu ===
In college, Ramachari hangs out with Varada (Shivaram) and other friends. Varada has a very beautiful sister named Almelu. Almelu's beauty has maddened a neighbourhood hooligan, Jaleela ([[Ambareesh]]) who keeps stalking her. Varada wants to put an end to this eve-teasing but he is a timid, pusillanimous person. He asks Ramachari for help. Ramachari agrees when Varada tells him he'll get his sister Almelu married to Ramachari. Ramachari is tempted and he fixes Jaleela and drives him away out of Almelu's life. Almelu and Ramachari fall in love.
In college, Ramachari hangs out with Varada (Shivaram) and other friends. Varada has a very beautiful sister named Almelu. Almelu's beauty has maddened a neighbourhood hooligan, Jaleela ([[Ambareesh]]) who stalks her. Varada wants to put an end to this eve-teasing but he is timid. He asks Ramachari for help. Ramachari agrees when Varada tells him he'll get his sister Almelu married to Ramachari. Ramachari fights with Jaleela and drives him away. Almelu and Ramachari fall in love. Almelu's parents arrange for her marriage within their caste. When Almelu refuses the proposal and declares her love for Ramachari, Varada refuses support, denying any promise made to Ramachari. Teacher Chamayya intervenes and requests Ramachari to give up Almelu. He convinces Ramachari by making him understand that sacrifice is a greater act than selfish love. Ramachari, out of respect, agrees to his teacher and sacrifices his love. A few years later, Ramachari runs into Almelu at a five-star hotel, where she is a call-girl. Almelu's husband has forced her into a life of prostitution for money.
 
At this point, when Almelu and Ramachari are truly in love, Almelu's marriage is fixed with a boy of her caste. When Almelu tries to refuse the proposal by saying she is in love with Ramachari and asks for Varada's support, Varada says that he never gave Ramachari any promise and deceives Ramachari.
 
At this point, the teacher Chamayya intervenes in Ramachari's life and says to give up hope on Almelu. He convinces Ramachari by making him understand that sacrifice is a greater act than selfish love.
 
Ramachari, confused, agrees to his teacher and sacrifices his love.
 
Years later, Ramachari meets her in a five-star hotel as a prostitute. Almelu's husband sold her into flesh trade and she had turned into a [[prostitute]].


=== Margaret ===
=== Margaret ===
The second lady in Ramachari's life is Margaret, a peppy Christian girl who has moved into the town who has young men like Tukaram (Dheerendra Gopal) swaying to her tunes. Ramachari kisses Margaret on an ego tussle between the two and they soon fall in love. However, due to the intense pressure in the society which denounces the marriage between a Brahmin boy and a Christian girl, they decide to run away. Once again the teacher Chamayya tries to stop Ramachari and says that by sacrificing his love for Margaret, he will be holding his religion and tradition before love. But this time, Ramachari confronts his teacher and says that he won't budge because the last time he sacrificed his love for Almelu, it went horribly wrong and Almelu was a high society prostitute. Chamayya master, accused now of ruining Almelu's life, realizes (perhaps for the first time) that Ramachari was right and he was wrong.
The second girl in Ramachari's life is Margaret, a peppy Christian girl. After Ramachari kisses Margaret during a tussle between the two, she falls in love with him. After he is forced to give up Almelu, Ramachari starts responding to Margaret's advances. However, due to the intense pressure of the society which denounces the marriage between a Brahmin boy and a Christian girl, they decide to elope. Once again teacher Chamayya tries to stop Ramachari saying that sacrifice is greater than love. But this time, Ramachari confronts his teacher and says that he won't budge because the last time he sacrificed his love, it went horribly wrong. Chamayya realises, perhaps for the first time, that Ramachari is right and he himself was wrong.


=== Climax ===
=== Climax ===
The movie ends with Chamayya master falling to his death from the hill when Ramachari pushes him in a fit of rage after his master tells him, "if you want to marry her, you have to witness my death before it." He will not have any motive to kill his master, but it shows his respect for his master since he doesn't want to hear about his master's death. Ramachari, shocked by this incident asks Margaret to join him in a bid to accompany his beloved teacher in death, to which she happily agrees. They both commit suicide by jumping off a cliff.
Chamayya falls to his death from the hill when Ramachari accidentally pushes him in a fit of rage for saying, "if you want to marry her, you have to witness my death before it." Ramachari, shocked by this incident, asks Margaret to join him in a bid to accompany his beloved teacher in death, to which she agrees and they both jump off the cliff. Ramachari, the hero is compared to a King Cobra. Dangerous, yet respected but a misfit in the society.


Ramachari, the hero is compared to a King Cobra. Dangerous, yet respected but a misfit in the society.
== Other Key Characters ==
=== Chamayya Meshtru ===
Chamayya ([[K. S. Ashwath]]) is the ever-supportive guardian of Ramachari who treats him as his own son. He is the only person able to control and have an influence over Ramachari. The movie focuses on a beautiful relationship between the teacher and student. In one emotional scene, Chamayya Meshtru accuses Ramachari of raping Almelu and then hits him with his walking stick, only to find out from Ramachari that it was a false allegation. The scene concludes with Ramachari tearfully saying, "Betha murdhogide, repairy madi tandkodteeni" (the walking stick has broken, let me get it repaired) and Chamayya Meshtru helplessly regretting his haste is a classic scene.


==Other Key Characters==
=== Jaleela ===
===Chamayya Meshtru===
Jaleela ([[Ambareesh]]) is the rowdy young man who harasses Almelu every time she goes to college by singing the then-popular song "Mere sapnon ki Rani kab Ayegi tu". Almelu is fed up and complains to her brother Varada who turns to Ramachari for help. In a pivotal scene, Ramachari questions Varada as to why he should help his sister to which Varada promises to get Ramachari and Almelu married. This spurs Ramachari on who takes on Jaleela in a thrilling fight scene. The stakes are raised by the pailwan who promises the winner a garland. Ramachari wins and is rewarded with the promised garland. Jaleela asks for forgiveness and limps away even as Varada extracts his own little revenge.
Chamayya Meshtru ([[K. S. Ashwath]]) is the ever-supportive guardian of Ramachari who treats him as his own son. He is supposed be the only person able to control and have an influence over Ramachari. However, his desire to see Ramachari tread the traditional path leads to conflicts with Ramachari and ultimately his own death as well as Ramachari's. The movie focuses on a beautiful relationship with the teacher and student. In one emotional scene, Chamayya Meshtru accuses Ramachari of raping Almelu and then hits him with his walking stick, only to find out from Ramachari that it was a false allegation. The scene concludes with Ramachari tearfully saying, "Betha murdhogide, repairy madi tandkodteeni" and Chamayya Meshtru helplessly regretting his haste is a classic scene.


===Jaleela===
=== Varada ===
Jaleela ([[Ambareesh]]) is the rowdy young man who teases Almelu every time she goes to college. He teases her by singing the then-popular hit " Mere sapnon ki Rani kab Ayegi tu". Almelu is fed up with this daily harassment and complains to her brother Varda. Varda tries to confront Jaleela, but soon gets bullied over by Jaleela and retreats in haste. He then turns towards Ramachari asking him to help his sister. In a pivotal scene, Ramachari questions Varda as to why he should help his sister to which Varda promises to have Ramachari and Almelu married if Ramachari helps get rid of Jaleela the nuisance. This spurs on Ramachari who takes on Jaleela in a thrilling fight scene with Jaleela. The stakes of the fight is raised by the pailwan of the town who promises the winner a garland. After an intense fight, Ramachari wins and is rewarded with the promised garland. Jaleela asks for forgiveness and limps away even as Varda extracts his own little revenge.
Varada ([[Shivaram]]) is a friend of Ramachari. He is usually known to be trying to find a speciality in someone and often uses that word in his dialogues. He is a key character who promises Almelu's hand in marriage to Ramachari, only to flip when he finds out that Ramachari is serious. He accuses Ramachari of raping Almelu. Ultimately, this results in Chamayya master intervening and having Almelu marry the man chosen by her parents.


===Varda===
=== Thungamma ===
Varda ([[Shivaram]])is an Iyengar friend of the Madhwa Ramachari. He is usually known to be trying to find a speciality in someone and often uses that word in his dialogues. He is a key character who promises Almelu's hand in marriage to Ramachari, only to flip when he finds out that Ramachari is serious. He accuses Ramachari of raping Almelu. Ultimately, this results in Chamayya Meshtru having to intervene and have Almelu marry a husband of the choice of her parents.
Thungamma ([[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]]) is the wife of Chamayya meshtru, the doting foster mom of Ramachari. Their mother-son bond is well depicted in the aftermath of Ramachari tying his college principal to a pole and being made to apologise.
 
===Thungamma===
Thungamma ([[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]]) is the wife of Chamayya meshtru. She is the ever doting foster mom of Ramachari. Ramachari adores her very much. Their affection is well depicted when Ramachari enters Thungamma's house after having committed yet another act of defiance. This time he would have tied his college principal to a pole. This is noticed by Thungamma and Chamayya meshtru puts the principal out of his misery and eventually has Ramachari apologizing to the principal. After this, Ramachari comes over to Thugamma's house where he is greeted by an angry Thumgamma. Eventually Ramachari also pretends to get angry and is pampered by Thungamma depicting their mother-son equation.


== Cast ==
== Cast ==
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] as Ramachari
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] as Ramachari
* [[Aarathi]] as Alamelu
* [[Aarathi]] as Alamelu
* Laxminarayan Shet as Alamelu's Husband
* [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]] as Margaret
* [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]] as Margaret
* [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as [[Onake Obavva]] (Special appearance)
* [[Ambareesh]] as Jaleela
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Chamayya Meshtru
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Chamayya Meshtru
* [[H. R. Shastry]] as Alamelu's father
* [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] as wife of Chammayya Meshtru
* [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] as Thunga
* [[Prathima Devi (Kannada actress)|Pratima Devi]] as Alamelu's mother
* [[M. Jayashree]] as Sonabai, Ramachari's mother
* [[M. P. Shankar]] as Pailwan Basanna
* [[Ambareesh]] as Jaleela
* [[Shivaram]] as Alamelu's brother Varadha
* [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]] as Mary, Margaret's mother
* [[Lokanath]] as C. H. Shyam Rao, college principal
* [[M. P. Shankar]] as Pailwan
* [[Dheerendra Gopal]] as Thukaram, classmate of Ramachari
* [[Shivaram]] as Varadha
* [[Lokanath]] as C. H. Shyam Rao, principal of the college
* [[Dheerendra Gopal]] as Thukaram
* [[Vajramuni]] as "Laxmu", a lawyer
* [[Vajramuni]] as "Laxmu", a lawyer
* [[Shakti Prasad]] as Naidu, Margaret's uncle
* [[Shakti Prasad]] as Naidu uncle
* [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as [[Onake Obavva]] (cameo)
* [[M. Jayashree]] as Ramachari's mother
* [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]] as Margaret's mother


== Soundtrack ==
== Soundtrack ==
The music of the film was composed by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]] with lyrics penned by [[Vijaya Narasimha]], [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]] and [[R. N. Jayagopal]].
The music of the film was composed by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]] with lyrics penned by [[Vijaya Narasimha]], [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]] and [[R. N. Jayagopal]].


Kannada Naadina song narrates the story of [[Onake Obavva]] who fought the forces of [[Hyder Ali]].
Two songs from this movie went on to be used in the Telugu version ''[[Kode Nagu]]'' – ''Sangama Sangama''  was re-used as ''Sangamam Sangamam''  and ''Kathe Heluve''  was re-used as ''Katha Vinduva''.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} The song ''Haavina Dwesha'' went on to be used in the Hindi version as ''Saanp Se Badhke''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2013 |title=Multiple Version Songs (12): Similar songs in Hindi and Kannada |url=https://www.songsofyore.com/similar-songs-in-hindi-and-kannada/ |website=Songs of Yore |access-date=1 January 2020 |archive-date=1 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101140633/https://www.songsofyore.com/similar-songs-in-hindi-and-kannada/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Vijayabhaskar reused "Karpoorada Gombe" as "Varavendum Vaazhkaiyil Vasantham" for Tamil film ''[[Mayangukiral Oru Maadhu]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?si=rbU8JcEnlaUI4aBb&v=--QAPQ0dcyI&feature=youtu.be | title=வரவேண்டும் வாழ்க்கையில் HD Video Song &#124; மயங்குகிறாள் ஒரு மாது &#124; முத்துராமன் &#124; சுஜாதா &#124; விஜய பாஸ்கர் | website=[[YouTube]] | date=26 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/the-boldly-astringent-music-of-vijaya-bhaskar-2939065 | title=The boldly astringent music of Vijaya Bhaskar | date=16 March 2024 }}</ref>


Two songs from this movie went on to be used in the Telugu version ''[[Kode Nagu]]'' - ''Sangama Sangama'' <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36E9G1Wzp1s</ref> was re-used as ''Sangamam Sangamam'' <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4vTtU4bP24</ref> and '' Kathe Heluve'' <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erRL2YaWtHA</ref> was re-used as ''Katha Vinduva''.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kf0ssmWOgqk</ref>
The song "Kannada Naadina" narrates the story of [[Onake Obavva]] who fought the forces of [[Hyder Ali]]. "Baare Baare" was the first song in an Indian film to be fully shot in slow motion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 May 2020 |title=Did you know? Kannada song 'Baare Baare Chandada Cheluvina Taare' from 'Naagarahaavu' was the first slow-motion song of Indian cinema |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-kannada-song-baare-baare-chandada-cheluvina-taare-from-naagarahaavu-was-the-first-slow-motion-song-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/75735112.cms |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925221607/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-kannada-song-baare-baare-chandada-cheluvina-taare-from-naagarahaavu-was-the-first-slow-motion-song-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/75735112.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Khajane |first=Muralidhara |date=19 July 2018 |title=The return of the classics |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-return-of-the-classics/article24459730.ece |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122032227/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-return-of-the-classics/article24459730.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
The song ''Haavina Dwesha'' went on to be used in the Hindi version as ''Saanp Se Badhke''.<ref>https://www.songsofyore.com/similar-songs-in-hindi-and-kannada/</ref>


=== Track List ===
=== Track List ===
Line 117: Line 102:
| lyrics5 = Vijaya Narasimha
| lyrics5 = Vijaya Narasimha
| lyrics6 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| lyrics6 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubramanyam]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| extra2 = [[P. B. Srinivas]]
| extra2 = [[P. B. Srinivas]]
| extra3 = [[P. Susheela]]
| extra3 = [[P. Susheela]]
Line 126: Line 111:


== Awards ==
== Awards ==
;[[21st Filmfare Awards South]]
=== [[21st Filmfare Awards South]] ===
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film – Kannada]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film – Kannada]]
* [[Filmfare Special Award - South|Special Award for excellent performance]]&nbsp;– [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LccQAQAAMAAJ&q=Vishnu+vardhan|title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|date=14 August 1976|access-date=14 August 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[Filmfare Special Award – South|Special Award for excellent performance]]&nbsp;– [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LccQAQAAMAAJ&q=Vishnu+vardhan |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book including Who's Who |date=14 August 1976 |publisher=Times of India Press |location=Bombay |page=616 |access-date=14 August 2018 |via=Google Books |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526185842/https://books.google.com/books?id=LccQAQAAMAAJ&q=Vishnu+vardhan |url-status=live }}</ref>


;[[1972–73 Karnataka State Film Awards]]
=== [[1972–73 Karnataka State Film Awards]] ===
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]&nbsp;– Vishnuvardhan  
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]&nbsp;– Vishnuvardhan
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]&nbsp;– [[Aarathi]]  
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]&nbsp;– [[Aarathi]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]&nbsp;– [[K. S. Ashwath]]  
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]&nbsp;– [[K. S. Ashwath]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]&nbsp;– [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]&nbsp;– [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story]]&nbsp;– [[T. R. Subba Rao]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story]]&nbsp;– [[T. R. Subba Rao]]
Line 141: Line 126:


== Criticism ==
== Criticism ==
After watching the film, [[T. R. Subba Rao]] remarked that [[Puttanna Kanagal]] has turned ''Naagarahaavu'' (the cobra) into 'Kerehaavu' (meaning rat snake). The implied meaning is that the characterisation of Ramachari in the novel and the movie is strikingly different and less effective. Nevertheless, Naagarahaavu is an all-time favorite movie and remains popular in all its reruns.<ref name="TH" />
After watching the film, [[T. R. Subba Rao]] remarked that [[Puttanna Kanagal]] has turned ''Naagarahaavu'' (the cobra) into 'Kerehaavu' (meaning rat snake). The implied meaning is that the characterisation of Ramachari in the novel and the movie is strikingly different and less effective. Nevertheless, Naagarahaavu is an all-time favorite movie and remains popular in all its reruns.<ref name="TH" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Eswar |date=9 September 2011 |title=Dasara: New lease of life for paintings |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/189847/dasara-lease-life-for.html |access-date=14 August 2018 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815024504/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/189847/dasara-lease-life-for.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Making of Nagarahavu |work=[[Prajavani]] |url=http://epaper.prajavani.net/Home/index?Edition=141&Date=MTgvMTEvMjAxNw==&Page=282032 |url-status=dead |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042712/http://epaper.prajavani.net/Home/index?Edition=141&Date=MTgvMTEvMjAxNw==&Page=282032 |archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref>


== Remakes ==
== Remakes ==
* This film was remade in Hindi titled as ''[[Zehreela Insaan]]'', directed by Puttanna Kanagal himself.
* This film was remade in Hindi titled as ''[[Zehreela Insaan]]'', directed by Puttanna Kanagal himself.
* The film was remade in Tamil as ''[[Raja Nagam]]'' with [[Srikanth (Tamil actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] playing the lead role.
* The film was remade in Tamil as ''[[Raja Nagam]]'' with [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] playing the lead role.
* This film was remade into Telugu titled ''[[Kode Nagu]]'' starring Sobhan Babu, Chandrakala and Lakshmi and noted lyricist Acharya Athreya. This was directed by K. S. Prakash Rao.
* This film was remade into Telugu titled ''[[Kode Nagu]]'' starring Sobhan Babu, Chandrakala and Lakshmi and noted lyricist Acharya Athreya. This was directed by K. S. Prakash Rao.
 
* The 2014 film ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari]]'' pays homage by loosely basing its plot on this film.
== Trivia ==
* "Baare Baare" was the first song in an Indian film to be fully shot in slow-motion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 14, 2020 |title=Did you know? Kannada song 'Baare Baare Chandada Cheluvina Taare' from 'Naagarahaavu' was the first slow-motion song of Indian cinema |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-kannada-song-baare-baare-chandada-cheluvina-taare-from-naagarahaavu-was-the-first-slow-motion-song-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/75735112.cms |access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khajane |first1=Muralidhara |title=The return of the classics |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-return-of-the-classics/article24459730.ece |access-date=15 January 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 July 2018}}</ref>
* [[T. R. Subba Rao]] had written his novel ''Naagarahaavu'', based on painter Madhugiri Ramu & his teacher Shaamayya. Ramu was a gifted painter, whose paintings have adorned the North Gate of [[Mysore Palace]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2011 |title=Dasara: New lease of life for |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/189847/dasara-lease-life-for.html |access-date=14 August 2018 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
* [[T. R. Subba Rao]] initially did not like the film version which was based on his 3 novels and criticized it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Making of Nagarahavu |url=http://epaper.prajavani.net/Home/index?Edition=141&Date=MTgvMTEvMjAxNw==&Page=282032 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042712/http://epaper.prajavani.net/Home/index?Edition=141&Date=MTgvMTEvMjAxNw==&Page=282032 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=18 November 2017 |website=Prajavani |df=dmy-all}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 157: Line 138:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0232152|Nagarahaavu}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* [http://www.citwf.com/film158022.htm The Complete Index to World Film Since 1895]
*[https://www.kannadalyricshub.com/nagarahavu-songs-lyrics/ Naagarahaavu songs lyrics]
 
{{Puttanna Kanagal}}
{{Puttanna Kanagal}}
 
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada}}
[[Category:1972 Indian films]]
[[Category:1972 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1972 drama films]]
[[Category:1972 films]]
[[Category:1972 films]]
[[Category:1970s Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Kannada novels]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films based on multiple works]]
[[Category:Films directed by Puttanna Kanagal]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijaya Bhaskar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chitradurga]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chitradurga]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Puttanna Kanagal]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijaya Bhaskar]]
[[Category:Films based on multiple works]]
[[Category:1972 drama films]]

Latest revision as of 03:52, 4 March 2026

For the 2002 film, see Nagarahavu (2002 film). For the 2016 film, see Nagarahavu (2016 film).

Naagarahaavu
Theatrical release poster
Directed byPuttanna Kanagal
Produced byN. Veeraswamy
Screenplay byPuttanna Kanagal
Story byT. R. Subba Rao
Based onNagarahavu,
Ondu Gandu Eradu Hennu and Sarpa Mathsara
by T. R. Subba Rao
StarringVishnuvardhan
Ambareesh
Aarathi
Shubha
K S Ashwath
Music byVijaya Bhaskar
CinematographyChittibabu
Edited byP. Bhakthavathsalam
Production
company
Sri Eswari Productions
Release date
  • 29 December 1972 (1972-12-29)
Running time
190 minutes
CountryIndia
LanguageKannada

Naagarahaavu (About this soundpronunciation (help·info) transl. Cobra) is a 1972 Indian Kannada-language film directed by Puttanna Kanagal, based on T. R. Subba Rao's three novels Nagarahavu, Ondu Gandu Eradu Hennu and Sarpa Mathsara,[1] and starring Vishnuvardhan, Aarathi, K. S. Ashwath and Shubha. The supporting cast features Leelavathi, M. Jayashree, M. N. Lakshmi Devi, Ambareesh, Shivaram, Dheerendra Gopal, Lokanath and Vajramuni. The film has a musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar. Cinematography was done by Chittibabu.

The film revolves around the protagonist's relationship with his teacher, Chamayya (K. S. Ashwath). Chamayya, who is childless treats Ramachari (Vishnuvardhan) as his son. He takes it upon himself to guide Ramachari on the right path despite Ramachari's legendary anger. He usually acts as the negotiator between his student and the people who have issues with Ramachari's behaviour. Ramachari is a young man whose anger is his weakness. He is difficult to reason with and has a great deal of pride. Chamayya is the only person who can convince him to do anything. His love interests are Alamelu (Aarathi) and Margaret (Shubha) who play pivotal parts in his life.

The film was released on 29 December 1972 to widespread critical acclaim and was a success at the box office and paved the way for the stardom of Vishnuvardhan, Ambareesh and Aarathi who became leading actors in Kannada cinema.[2] It has developed a cult following over the years.[3] The character roles of Leelavathi, Dheerendra Gopal, Loknath, M. N. Lakshmi Devi were also critically acclaimed. The film won eight Karnataka State Film Awards for Second Best Film, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Story, Best Screenplay and Best Dialogue. The film also won two Filmfare Awards South for Best Film – Kannada and a Special Award for excellent performance. This film was remade in Hindi as Zehreela Insaan, directed by Puttanna Kanagal himself and in Tamil as Raja Nagam and Kode Nagu in Telugu.

The film was re-released in its digitized version on 20 July 2018. This movie was digitalized by Balaji who is the brother of V. Ravichandran and son of N. Veeraswamy, who was the producer.[4]

Plot[edit | edit source]

Ramachari[edit | edit source]

The story revolves around a short-tempered, yet affable college student named Ramachari in the town of Chitradurga. The story begins with Ramachari being caught in class while trying to copy in an examination and being suspended by the college principal (Loknath). Humiliated and angry, Ramachari throws stones at the principal's house in the night and when the principal wakes up and comes out of his house, ties the half-naked principal to a pole and runs away.

Ramachari is the son of pious parents. His father doesn't like Ramachari because he is unpopular in the town as a ruffian. His mother is worried about his future. One person who cares for Ramachari is his primary school teacher, Chamayya (K.S.Ashwath) master. Ramachari finds the company of Chamayya and his wife Tunga (Leelavathi), more comforting than that of his parents. Ramachari has very great regard for Chamayya master willing to do whatever he says, without thinking.

The next part of the story is about the two women Almelu (Aarathi) and Margaret (Shubha) who come into Ramachari's life and how the teacher Chamayya influences Ramachari's decisions in these relationships. The teacher tries to bring Ramachari into the "conventional way of life", but he errs and Ramachari's life is destroyed.

Almelu[edit | edit source]

In college, Ramachari hangs out with Varada (Shivaram) and other friends. Varada has a very beautiful sister named Almelu. Almelu's beauty has maddened a neighbourhood hooligan, Jaleela (Ambareesh) who stalks her. Varada wants to put an end to this eve-teasing but he is timid. He asks Ramachari for help. Ramachari agrees when Varada tells him he'll get his sister Almelu married to Ramachari. Ramachari fights with Jaleela and drives him away. Almelu and Ramachari fall in love. Almelu's parents arrange for her marriage within their caste. When Almelu refuses the proposal and declares her love for Ramachari, Varada refuses support, denying any promise made to Ramachari. Teacher Chamayya intervenes and requests Ramachari to give up Almelu. He convinces Ramachari by making him understand that sacrifice is a greater act than selfish love. Ramachari, out of respect, agrees to his teacher and sacrifices his love. A few years later, Ramachari runs into Almelu at a five-star hotel, where she is a call-girl. Almelu's husband has forced her into a life of prostitution for money.

Margaret[edit | edit source]

The second girl in Ramachari's life is Margaret, a peppy Christian girl. After Ramachari kisses Margaret during a tussle between the two, she falls in love with him. After he is forced to give up Almelu, Ramachari starts responding to Margaret's advances. However, due to the intense pressure of the society which denounces the marriage between a Brahmin boy and a Christian girl, they decide to elope. Once again teacher Chamayya tries to stop Ramachari saying that sacrifice is greater than love. But this time, Ramachari confronts his teacher and says that he won't budge because the last time he sacrificed his love, it went horribly wrong. Chamayya realises, perhaps for the first time, that Ramachari is right and he himself was wrong.

Climax[edit | edit source]

Chamayya falls to his death from the hill when Ramachari accidentally pushes him in a fit of rage for saying, "if you want to marry her, you have to witness my death before it." Ramachari, shocked by this incident, asks Margaret to join him in a bid to accompany his beloved teacher in death, to which she agrees and they both jump off the cliff. Ramachari, the hero is compared to a King Cobra. Dangerous, yet respected but a misfit in the society.

Other Key Characters[edit | edit source]

Chamayya Meshtru[edit | edit source]

Chamayya (K. S. Ashwath) is the ever-supportive guardian of Ramachari who treats him as his own son. He is the only person able to control and have an influence over Ramachari. The movie focuses on a beautiful relationship between the teacher and student. In one emotional scene, Chamayya Meshtru accuses Ramachari of raping Almelu and then hits him with his walking stick, only to find out from Ramachari that it was a false allegation. The scene concludes with Ramachari tearfully saying, "Betha murdhogide, repairy madi tandkodteeni" (the walking stick has broken, let me get it repaired) and Chamayya Meshtru helplessly regretting his haste is a classic scene.

Jaleela[edit | edit source]

Jaleela (Ambareesh) is the rowdy young man who harasses Almelu every time she goes to college by singing the then-popular song "Mere sapnon ki Rani kab Ayegi tu". Almelu is fed up and complains to her brother Varada who turns to Ramachari for help. In a pivotal scene, Ramachari questions Varada as to why he should help his sister to which Varada promises to get Ramachari and Almelu married. This spurs Ramachari on who takes on Jaleela in a thrilling fight scene. The stakes are raised by the pailwan who promises the winner a garland. Ramachari wins and is rewarded with the promised garland. Jaleela asks for forgiveness and limps away even as Varada extracts his own little revenge.

Varada[edit | edit source]

Varada (Shivaram) is a friend of Ramachari. He is usually known to be trying to find a speciality in someone and often uses that word in his dialogues. He is a key character who promises Almelu's hand in marriage to Ramachari, only to flip when he finds out that Ramachari is serious. He accuses Ramachari of raping Almelu. Ultimately, this results in Chamayya master intervening and having Almelu marry the man chosen by her parents.

Thungamma[edit | edit source]

Thungamma (Leelavathi) is the wife of Chamayya meshtru, the doting foster mom of Ramachari. Their mother-son bond is well depicted in the aftermath of Ramachari tying his college principal to a pole and being made to apologise.

Cast[edit | edit source]

Soundtrack[edit | edit source]

The music of the film was composed by Vijaya Bhaskar with lyrics penned by Vijaya Narasimha, Chi. Udaya Shankar and R. N. Jayagopal.

Two songs from this movie went on to be used in the Telugu version Kode Nagu – Sangama Sangama was re-used as Sangamam Sangamam and Kathe Heluve was re-used as Katha Vinduva.[citation needed] The song Haavina Dwesha went on to be used in the Hindi version as Saanp Se Badhke.[5] Vijayabhaskar reused "Karpoorada Gombe" as "Varavendum Vaazhkaiyil Vasantham" for Tamil film Mayangukiral Oru Maadhu.[6][7]

The song "Kannada Naadina" narrates the story of Onake Obavva who fought the forces of Hyder Ali. "Baare Baare" was the first song in an Indian film to be fully shot in slow motion.[8][9]

Track List[edit | edit source]

No.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length
1."Haavina Dwesha"Vijaya NarasimhaS. P. Balasubrahmanyam 
2."Kannada Naadina"Chi. Udaya ShankarP. B. Srinivas 
3."Karpoorada Bombe"R. N. JayagopalP. Susheela 
4."Baare Baare"Vijaya NarasimhaP. B. Srinivas 
5."Sangama Sangama"Vijaya NarasimhaP. B. Srinivas, P. Susheela 
6."Kathe Heluve"Chi. Udaya ShankarP. Susheela 

Awards[edit | edit source]

21st Filmfare Awards South[edit | edit source]

1972–73 Karnataka State Film Awards[edit | edit source]

Criticism[edit | edit source]

After watching the film, T. R. Subba Rao remarked that Puttanna Kanagal has turned Naagarahaavu (the cobra) into 'Kerehaavu' (meaning rat snake). The implied meaning is that the characterisation of Ramachari in the novel and the movie is strikingly different and less effective. Nevertheless, Naagarahaavu is an all-time favorite movie and remains popular in all its reruns.[2][11][12]

Remakes[edit | edit source]

  • This film was remade in Hindi titled as Zehreela Insaan, directed by Puttanna Kanagal himself.
  • The film was remade in Tamil as Raja Nagam with Srikanth playing the lead role.
  • This film was remade into Telugu titled Kode Nagu starring Sobhan Babu, Chandrakala and Lakshmi and noted lyricist Acharya Athreya. This was directed by K. S. Prakash Rao.
  • The 2014 film Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari pays homage by loosely basing its plot on this film.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Chitradurga, Shashidhar (20 April 2017). "Meet the man who was the inspiration behind great Kannada films". Asianet Newsable. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Venkatasubba Rao, K. N. (18 October 2008). "Naagarahaavu 1972". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  3. ↑ V, Vinay Kumar (19 January 2020). "'Naagarahaavu' vs 'KGF': What a comparison of the cult hits reveals about Kannada cinema". The News Minute. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  4. ↑ "Vishnuvardhan's all-time classic 'Nagarahavu' to re-release". The News Minute. 12 July 2018. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  5. ↑ "Multiple Version Songs (12): Similar songs in Hindi and Kannada". Songs of Yore. 15 June 2013. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  6. ↑ "வரவேண்டும் வாழ்க்கையில் HD Video Song | மயங்குகிறாள் ஒரு மாது | முத்துராமன் | சுஜாதா | விஜய பாஸ்கர்". YouTube. 26 April 2022.
  7. ↑ "The boldly astringent music of Vijaya Bhaskar". 16 March 2024.
  8. ↑ "Did you know? Kannada song 'Baare Baare Chandada Cheluvina Taare' from 'Naagarahaavu' was the first slow-motion song of Indian cinema". The Times of India. 14 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  9. ↑ Khajane, Muralidhara (19 July 2018). "The return of the classics". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  10. ↑ The Times of India Directory and Year Book including Who's Who. Bombay: Times of India Press. 14 August 1976. p. 616. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  11. ↑ Singh, Eswar (9 September 2011). "Dasara: New lease of life for paintings". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  12. ↑ "Making of Nagarahavu". Prajavani. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada

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