Rampur, Uttar Pradesh: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Rampur
| name               = Rampur
| other_name               =  
| other_name         = Mustafabad
| settlement_type         = City
| settlement_type   = City
| image_skyline           = Rampur collage1.jpg
| image_skyline     = Rampur collage1.jpg
| image_alt               =  
| image_alt         =  
| image_caption           = Center: Jama Masjid Rampur, Clockwise from top : Rampur Railway Station; [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]]; Rampur [[Raza Library]]; Aryabhatt Planetarium; Gandhi Samadhi
| image_caption     = Center: Jama Masjid Rampur, Clockwise from top : Rampur Railway Station; [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]]; Rampur [[Raza Library]]; Aryabhatt Planetarium; Gandhi Samadhi
| nickname                 =  
| nickname           =  
| map_alt                 =  
| map_alt           =  
| map_caption             =  
| map_caption       =  
| pushpin_map             = India Uttar Pradesh#India2
| pushpin_map       = India Uttar Pradesh#India2
| pushpin_label_position   = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_relief           = Y
| pushpin_relief     = Y
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates             = {{coord|28.8|N|79.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates       = {{coord|28.8|N|79.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1       = State
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type4       = Division
| subdivision_type4 = Division
| subdivision_name1       = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Rampur district|Rampur]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rampur district|Rampur]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Rohilkhand]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Rohilkhand]]
| subdivision_name4       = [[Moradabad Division|Moradabad]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Moradabad Division|Moradabad]]
| established_title       = Settled
| established_title = Settled
| established_date         =  
| established_date   =  
| founder                 =  
| founder           =  
| named_for               = [[Ram Singh I]]
| named_for         = [[Ram Singh I]]
| government_type         =  
| government_type   =  
| governing_body           = Rampur Nagar Palika Parishad
| governing_body     = Rampur Nagar Palika Parishad
| leader_title             = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_title       = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name             = [[Ghanshyam Singh Lodhi]] (BJP)<ref>{{Citation |title=UP Bypoll Election Result 2022: रामपुर में बीजेपी की जीत, सपा की हार {{!}} BJP {{!}} Rampur Upchunav Result |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7si9tu0134 |language=en |access-date=2022-06-26}}</ref>
| leader_name       = [[Mohibbullah Nadvi]] ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])<ref>{{Citation |title=Rampur Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Mohibbullah of SP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/rampur-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-counting-of-votes-on-8917402.html}}</ref>
| leader_title1           = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_title1     = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name1             = [[Akash Saxena  (politician)|Akash Saxena]] ([[BJP]])
| leader_name1       = [[Akash Saxena  (politician)|Akash Saxena]] ([[BJP]])
| unit_pref               = Metric
| unit_pref         = Metric
| area_footnotes           =  
| area_footnotes     =  
| area_total_km2           = 84
| area_total_km2     = 84
| area_rank               = 43
| area_rank         = 43
| elevation_footnotes     =  
| elevation_footnotes =  
| elevation_m             = 288
| elevation_m       = 288
| population_total         = 325,248
| population_total   = 325,248
| population_as_of         = 2011
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_footnotes     =  
| population_footnotes =  
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank         =  
| population_rank   =  
| population_demonym       =  
| population_demonym =  
| demographics_type1       = [[Language]]
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1     = Official
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1     = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=15 August 2020}}</ref>
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2     = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2     = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| utc_offset1       = +5:30
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code             = 244901
| postal_code       = 244901
| area_code               = 0595
| area_code         = 0595
| area_code_type           = Telephone code
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate       = UP-22
| registration_plate = UP-22
| blank1_name_sec1         = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1         = 1000/927 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank1_info_sec1   = 1000/927 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website                 = {{URL|rampur.nic.in}}
| website           = {{URL|rampur.nic.in}}
| footnotes               =  
| footnotes         =  
| leader_title2           = Zila Panchayat Chairman
| leader_title2     = Zila Panchayat Chairman
| leader_name2             = Khyaliram Lodhi <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/rampur/newly-elected-rampur-zila-panchayat-chief-khyaliram-lodhi-takes-oath | title=रामपुर: नवनिर्वाचित जिला पंचायत अध्यक्ष ख्यालीराम लोधी ने ली शपथ }}</ref>([[BJP]])
| leader_name2       = Khyaliram Lodhi <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/rampur/newly-elected-rampur-zila-panchayat-chief-khyaliram-lodhi-takes-oath | title=रामपुर: नवनिर्वाचित जिला पंचायत अध्यक्ष ख्यालीराम लोधी ने ली शपथ }}</ref>([[BJP]])
| blank3_name_sec1         = Literacy
| blank3_name_sec1   = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1         = 55.08%
| blank3_info_sec1   = 55.08%
| blank4_name_sec1         = Civic agency
| blank4_name_sec1   = Civic agency
| blank4_info_sec1         = Rampur Nagar Palika Parisad
| blank4_info_sec1   = Rampur Nagar Palika Parisad
| blank5_name_sec1         = Distance from Delhi
| blank5_name_sec1   = Distance from Delhi
| blank5_info_sec1         = {{convert|186|km|mi}} NW ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank5_info_sec1   = {{convert|186|km|mi}} NW ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank6_name_sec1         = Distance from Lucknow
| blank6_name_sec1   = Distance from Lucknow
| blank6_info_sec1         = {{convert|322|km|mi}} SE ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank6_info_sec1   = {{convert|322|km|mi}} SE ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank7_name_sec1         = Governing body
| blank7_name_sec1   = Governing body
| blank7_info_sec1         = [[Government of UP]]<br />[[Government of India]]
| blank7_info_sec1   = [[Government of UP]]<br />[[Government of India]]
| native_name        = ''Rāmapura''
| native_name_lang  = iso
}}
}}
'''Rampur''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|m|p|ʊər}} {{audio|Rampur.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city, and the municipality headquarter of [[Rampur District]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It was formerly known for its various industries, like sugar refining and cotton milling. Its library has more than 12,000 rare manuscripts and a fine collection of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] miniature paintings.<ref name="Raza library">{{cite web|url=http://razalibrary.gov.in/indexe.asp |title=Rampur Raza library a structure of national importance |website=Razalibrary.gov.in. |access-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> It is located 322 kilometres north-west of the state capital [[Lucknow]].
'''Rampur''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|m|p|ʊər}} {{audio|Rampur.ogg|pronunciation}}; [[ISO 15919|ISO]]: ''Rāmapura''; formerly '''Mustafabad''') is a city and the administrative headquarters of [[Rampur district]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It was formerly known for industries such as sugar refining and cotton milling. The [[Raza Library]] houses more than 12,000 rare manuscripts along with a notable collection of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] miniature paintings.<ref name="Raza library">{{cite web|url=http://razalibrary.gov.in/indexe.asp |title=Rampur Raza Library: A structure of national importance |website=razalibrary.gov.in |access-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> Rampur is located about 322 kilometres north-west of the state capital [[Lucknow]] and approximately 180 kilometres from the national capital [[New Delhi]].


In 2007, the [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]] identified [[Rampur District]] as one of 14 'Minority Concentration' districts in the state, on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=28770|title=Identification of Minority Concentration Districts|date=22 June 2007|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref> The city is known for its [[Rampuri]] chaaku (knife).<ref name="Rampuri">{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Prashant |title=Chinese imports kill 'Rampuri knife' as Jaya Prada & Azam Khan are busy fighting each other |url=https://theprint.in/india/chinese-makes-kill-rampuri-knife-as-jaya-prada-azam-khan-are-busy-fighting-each-other/225045/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=ThePrint |date=23 April 2019}}</ref>
In 2007, the [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]] identified [[Rampur district]] as one of the 14 'Minority Concentration Districts' in Uttar Pradesh, on the basis of the 2001 Census data relating to population, socio-economic indicators, and basic amenities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=28770|title=Identification of Minority Concentration Districts|date=22 June 2007|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref> The city is also known for the Rampuri knife (chaaku), commonly known as the [[Rampuri]].<ref name="Rampuri">{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Prashant |title=Chinese imports kill 'Rampuri knife' as Jaya Prada & Azam Khan are busy fighting each other |url=https://theprint.in/india/chinese-makes-kill-rampuri-knife-as-jaya-prada-azam-khan-are-busy-fighting-each-other/225045/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=ThePrint |date=23 April 2019}}</ref>


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
Originally it was a group of four villages named Kather, the name of Raja Ram Singh. The first [[Nawab]] proposed to rename the city ''Faizabad''. But many other places were known by the name Faizabad so its name was changed to Mustafabad alias Rampur.<ref name="ram history">{{cite web|url=http://rampur.nic.in/history.htm |title=Rampur history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521083242/http://rampur.nic.in/history.htm |archive-date=21 May 2012 |website=Rampur.nic.in |access-date=8 July 2012}}</ref>
The area originally comprised four villages known as Kather, associated with Raja Ram Singh. In the 18th century, [[Nawab Faizullah Khan]] of the [[Rohilla dynasty]] proposed renaming the settlement to ''Faizabad''. However, since several other places were already known by that name, it was instead named Mustafabad, later also referred to as Rampur.<ref name="ram history">{{cite web|url=http://rampur.nic.in/history.htm |title=Rampur history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521083242/http://rampur.nic.in/history.htm |archive-date=21 May 2012 |website=rampur.nic.in |access-date=8 July 2012}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
{{Main|Rampur State}}
{{Main|Rampur State}}
As per medieval history, Rampur was the part of the [[Delhi]] region, and was divided between [[Badaun]] and [[Sambhal]] districts. Being situated on upperside of [[Rohilkhand]], it was known by the name Kather {{citation required|date=December 2022}} and was ruled by Katheria Rajputs. The Katheria [[Rajput]]s resisted external for about 400 years, fighting the [[Delhi Sultanate|sultans of Delhi]] and later with the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. They went to repeated battles with [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]] in 1253, [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] in 1256, [[Jalal-ud-din Khalji]] in 1290, [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] in 1379 & [[Sikandar Lodi]] in 1494.
According to medieval history, Rampur was part of the [[Delhi]] region and was divided between [[Budaun|Badaun]] and [[Sambhal]] districts. Being situated in the upper part of [[Rohilkhand]], it was known as Kather{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} and was ruled by the Katheria Rajputs. The Katheria [[Rajput]]s resisted external powers for about 400 years, fighting the [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultans of Delhi]] and later the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. They engaged in repeated battles with [[Mahmud I of Delhi|Nasiruddin Mahmud]] in 1253, [[Balban|Ghiyas ud din Balban]] in 1256, [[Jalal-ud-Din Khalji|Jalal-ud-din Khalji]] in 1290, [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] in 1379, and [[Sikandar Khan Lodi|Sikandar Lodi]] in 1494.


Later, in the beginning of the Mughal period, the capital of [[Rohilkhand]] was changed from [[Badaun]] to [[Bareilly]] and hence the importance of Rampur increased.<ref name="ram history" />[[File:Flag of the Rampur State.svg|thumb|left|Flag of princely Rampur.]]
During the early Mughal period, the capital of [[Rohilkhand]] shifted from [[Budaun|Badaun]] to [[Bareilly]], which increased Rampur's importance.<ref name="ram history" />[[File:Flag of the Rampur State.svg|thumb|left|Flag of Rampur State]]


The [[Rohilla War]] of 1774–5 began when the [[Rohilla|Rohilla Pathans]] - dominant in the area - reneged on a debt they owed the [[Nawab of Oudh]] for military assistance against the [[Marathas]] in 1772. The Rohillas were defeated and driven from their former capital of [[Bareilly]] by the Nawab with the assistance of the [[British East India Company|East India Company]]'s troops lent by [[Warren Hastings]].<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Rampur |volume=22 |page=877}}</ref>
The [[Second Rohilla War|Rohilla War]] of 1774–1775 began when the [[Rohilla|Rohilla Pathans]], then dominant in the region, reneged on a debt owed to the [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawab of Oudh]] for military assistance against the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] in 1772. The Rohillas were defeated and driven from their former capital, [[Bareilly]], by the Nawab with support from troops of the [[East India Company|British East India Company]], lent by [[Warren Hastings]].<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Rampur |volume=22 |page=877}}</ref>


The Rohilla State of [[Rampur State|Rampur]] was established by [[Nawab Faizullah Khan]] on 7 October 1774 in the presence of British Commander Colonel Champion, and remained a pliant state under British protection thereafter.<ref name="Rampur temperature" />
The [[Rohilla dynasty|Rohilla]] state of [[Rampur State|Rampur]] was established by [[Faizullah Khan|Nawab Faizullah Khan]] on 7 October 1774 in the presence of British commander Colonel Champion. It remained a princely state under British protection thereafter.<ref name="Rampur temperature" />


[[File:Faizullah Khan.jpg|thumb|Faizullah Khan]]
[[File:Faizullah Khan.jpg|thumb|Faizullah Khan|left]]


Khan laid the first stone of the new fort at Rampur and thus Rampur city was founded in 1775. Originally it was a group of four villages named Kather, the name of Raja Ram Singh. The first Nawab proposed to rename the city 'Faizabad'. But many other places were known by the name of Faizabad already existed, so the name was changed to Mustafabad alias Rampur. Nawwab Faizullah Khan ruled for 20 years. He was a great patron of scholarship, and began the collection of [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Urdu]] manuscripts which now make up the bulk of the [[Rampur Raza Library]]. After his death his son Muhammad Ali Khan took over, but he was killed by the Rohilla leaders after 24 days, and Ghulam Muhammad Khan, the brother of the deceased, was proclaimed Nawab. The East India Company took exception to this, and after a reign of just 3 months and 22 days Ghulam Muhammad Khan was defeated by its forces. The Governor-General made Ahmad Ali Khan, son of the late Muhammad Ali Khan, the new Nawab. He ruled for 44 years. He did not have any sons, so Muhammad Sa'id Khan, son of Ghulam Muhammad Khan, took over as the new Nawab. He raised a regular Army, established Courts and carried out many works to improve the economic conditions of farmers. His son Muhammad Yusuf Ali Khan took over after his death. His son Kalb Ali Khan became the new Nawab in 1865.<ref name="ram history" />
Faizullah Khan laid the foundation of the new fort at Rampur, and the city was founded in 1775. The area originally comprised four villages known as Kather, associated with Raja Ram Singh. The first Nawab proposed renaming the settlement ''Faizabad'', but as several places with that name already existed, it was renamed Mustafabad, later also called Rampur. Nawab Faizullah Khan ruled for 20 years. A patron of scholarship, he began the collection of [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Urdu]] manuscripts that now form the core of the [[Raza Library|Rampur Raza Library]]. After his death, his son Muhammad Ali Khan succeeded him but was killed by Rohilla leaders after 24 days. Ghulam Muhammad Khan, the deceased's brother, was proclaimed Nawab. The East India Company objected to his rule, and after three months and 22 days he was defeated by Company forces. The Governor-General then appointed Ahmad Ali Khan, son of the late Muhammad Ali Khan, as Nawab. He ruled for 44 years. With no sons, succession passed to Muhammad Sa'id Khan, son of Ghulam Muhammad Khan. Sa'id Khan raised a regular army, established courts, and carried out measures to improve the condition of farmers. He was succeeded by his son Muhammad Yusuf Ali Khan, and later by Kalb Ali Khan in 1865.<ref name="ram history" />


[[File:Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, c.1911.jpg|right|thumb|Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, ca.1911.]]
[[File:Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, c.1911.jpg|thumb|Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, ca.1911.|left]]


[[File:Sir Kalb Ali Khan, Nawab of Rampur (1832-1887).jpg|left|upright|thumb|Sir [[Kalb Ali Khan of Rampur|Kalb Ali Khan]], [[Nawab of Rampur]] (1832–1887)]]
[[File:Sir Kalb Ali Khan, Nawab of Rampur (1832-1887).jpg|left|upright|thumb|Sir [[Kalb Ali Khan]], [[Rampur State|Nawab of Rampur]] (1832–1887)]]
[[Nawab]] [[Kalb Ali Khan of Rampur|Kalb Ali Khan]] was literate in Arabic and Persian. Under his rule, the state did much work to uplift standards of education. He was also a Member of Council during the Viceroyalty of Lord [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]]. He built the Jama Masjid in Rampur at a cost of Rs. 300,000. He was also knighted in Agra by the [[Prince of Wales]]. He ruled for 22 years and 7 months. After his death his son Mushtaq Ali Khan took over. He appointed W. C. Wright as the Chief Engineer of the state and built many new buildings and canals. Nawab Hamid Ali became the new ruler in 1889 at the age of 14. Many new schools were opened during his reign, and many donations were provided to nearby colleges. He donated Rs. 50,000 to Lucknow Medical College. In 1905 he built the magnificent [[Durbar (court)|Darbar]] Hall within the Fort which now houses the great collection of Oriental manuscripts held by the [[Rampur Raza Library]]. His son Raza Ali Khan became the last ruling Nawab in 1930.
Nawab [[Kalb Ali Khan]] was proficient in Arabic and Persian. Under his rule, Rampur saw progress in education. He was also a Member of Council during the viceroyalty of Lord [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]]. He commissioned the construction of the Jama Masjid in Rampur at a cost of Rs. 300,000 and was knighted in Agra by the [[Prince of Wales]]. He ruled for 22 years and seven months and was succeeded by his son Mushtaq Ali Khan, who appointed W. C. Wright as Chief Engineer and oversaw the construction of new buildings and canals. Nawab Hamid Ali assumed power in 1889 at the age of 14. During his reign, new schools were established, and financial contributions were made to various colleges, including a donation of Rs. 50,000 to Lucknow Medical College. In 1905 he built the Darbar Hall within the Fort, which today houses the Rampur Raza Library's collection of Oriental manuscripts. His son, Raza Ali Khan, became the last ruling Nawab in 1930.


On 1 July 1949 the State of Rampur was merged into the Republic of India. Rampur today presents a slightly decayed appearance: the palaces of the Nawabs are crumbling, as are the gates and walls of the fort. However, the Library remains a flourishing institution of immense value to scholars from all over the world.<ref name="ram history" />[[File:The procession of Yusef Ali Khan.jpg|thumb|center|Nawab of Rampur Yusef Ali Khan and his family on elephants escorted by Rampurian and British troops to the encampment of Lord Canning]]
On 1 July 1949, the State of Rampur was merged into the Republic of India. Today, many of the Nawabs' palaces, gates, and fort walls show signs of decay, though the Library continues as a flourishing institution of scholarly importance.<ref name="ram history" />[[File:The procession of Yusef Ali Khan.jpg|thumb|center|Nawab Yusef Ali Khan and his family escorted by Rampur and British troops to the encampment of Lord Canning]]


The Nawabs of Rampur sided with the British during [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]],<ref name=EB1911/> and this enabled them to continue to play a role in the social, political and cultural life of Northern India in general and the Muslims of the United Provinces in particular. They gave refuge to some of the literary figures from the Court of [[Bahadur Shah II|Bahadur Shah ''Zafar'']].
The Nawabs of Rampur sided with the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]],<ref name=EB1911/> which enabled them to retain influence in the social, political, and cultural life of northern India, particularly among Muslims of the United Provinces. Rampur also provided refuge to literary figures from the court of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar|Bahadur Shah ''Zafar'']].


===Post-independence===
=== Post-independence ===
Descendants of the [[Nawabs]] include Murad Mian the first child of [[Murtaza Ali Khan]] of Rampur. [[Begum Noor Bano]], the widow of the former Nawab's younger brother and ex-MP [[Zulfiquar Ali Khan]] of Rampur. Begum [[Noor Bano (politician)|Noor Bano]] has become a politician and won the election from Rampur parliamentary constituency in 1999. She lost the elections in 2004,2009 from Rampur and 2014 from Moradabad consecutively. Murtaza Ali Khan and Zulfiquar Ali Khan (aka Mikki Mia), who continued to use the title of Nawab as a token even after independence and abolition of royalty but never ruled Rampur, are now dead. Murtaza Ali contested an election from Rampur opposite his mother Rafat Jamani Begum in 1972 and won. Although the two brothers were always political rivals they never faced each other in elections. Subsequently, the family was also involved in smuggling scandals involving some smuggling from Pakistan, where one of the sons of Murtaza Ali is married. Raza Inter College, Hamid Inter College and Murtaza Inter College are three higher secondary schools named after three nawabs.<ref name="Rampur temperature" />
Descendants of the [[Nawab|Nawabs]] include Murad Mian, the first child of [[Murtaza Ali Khan]] of Rampur, and [[Noor Bano (politician)|Begum Noor Bano]], widow of former Nawab's younger brother and ex-MP [[Zulfikar Ali Khan of Rampur|Zulfiquar Ali Khan]] of Rampur. Begum Noor Bano entered politics and was elected from Rampur parliamentary constituency in 1999, though she lost subsequent elections in 2004 and 2009 from Rampur and in 2014 from Moradabad. Murtaza Ali Khan and Zulfiquar Ali Khan (also known as Mikki Mia), who continued to use the title of Nawab ceremonially after independence and the abolition of princely states, are now deceased. Murtaza Ali contested an election from Rampur in 1972 against his mother Rafat Jamani Begum and won. Although the two brothers were political rivals, they never contested directly against each other. The family was later involved in smuggling scandals, some linked to Pakistan, where one of Murtaza Ali's sons had married. Raza Inter College, Hamid Inter College, and Murtaza Inter College are among the institutions named after three Nawabs.<ref name="Rampur temperature" />


The present [[Nawab]] of Rampur, [[Muhammad Murad Ali Khan Bahadur]] is the present titular Nawab of Rampur. The eldest son of Murtuza Ali Khan Bahadur, he succeeded his father as titular Nawab upon the latter's death in 1982. He served as a member on the Raza Library Board in Rampur from 1993 to 2002.
The current titular Nawab of Rampur is Muhammad Murad Ali Khan Bahadur, eldest son of Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur. He succeeded his father in 1982. From 1993 to 2002 he served as a member of the Raza Library Board in Rampur.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Rampur, located between longitude 79°05' E and latitude 28°48' N, is in [[Moradabad Division]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. It is surrounded by district [[Udham Singh Nagar]] in north, [[Bareilly]] in east, and [[Moradabad]] in west and [[Badaun]] in south. Spread in area of 2,367&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, Rampur is 192-meter above sea level in north and 166.4-meter in south.<ref name="geo ram">[http://www.hoparoundindia.com/uttar-pradesh/city-guides/rampur.aspx Rampur Geography], hoparoundindia.com Retrieved 10 July 2012</ref> It is home to farms that cover long stretches of land. During the monsoon just after a long period of rain the mountain ranges of [[Nainital]] can be seen in the north direction.
Rampur, located at 28°48′N latitude and 79°05′E longitude, is part of the [[Moradabad division]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. It is bounded by [[Udham Singh Nagar district]] to the north, [[Bareilly]] district to the east, [[Moradabad]] district to the west, and [[Budaun|Badaun]] district to the south. Covering an area of 2,367 km<sup>2</sup>, Rampur lies at an elevation of 192 metres above sea level in the north and 166.4 metres in the south.<ref name="geo ram">[http://www.hoparoundindia.com/uttar-pradesh/city-guides/rampur.aspx Rampur Geography], hoparoundindia.com. Retrieved 10 July 2012.</ref> The district has extensive agricultural land. During the monsoon, after prolonged rainfall, the mountain ranges of [[Nainital]] are visible towards the north.


=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===
During Summers the temperature is usually from 31&nbsp;°C to 30&nbsp;°C and during Winters it is from 25&nbsp;°C to 5&nbsp;°C.<ref name="Rampur temperature">[http://www.nainitaltourism.com/rampur.html Rampur Climate], Nainital tourism Retrieved 7 July 2012</ref>
In summer, temperatures generally range between 30°C and 43°C, while in winter they range between 3°C and 25°C.<ref name="Rampur temperature">[http://www.nainitaltourism.com/rampur.html Rampur Climate], Nainital Tourism. Retrieved 7 July 2012.</ref>


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
Line 149: Line 151:
| Dec low C = 8
| Dec low C = 8
| year low C = 15.58
| year low C = 15.58
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 18.2
| Jan precipitation mm = 18.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 24.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 24.5
Line 154: Line 157:
| Apr precipitation mm = 12.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 12.4
| May precipitation mm = 21.6
| May precipitation mm = 21.6
| Jun precipitation mm = 99.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 111.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 168.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 198.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 207.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 227.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 99.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 99.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 27.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 27.1
Line 166: Line 169:


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
{{bar box
{{bar box
| width    = 300px
|title=Religions in Rampur city (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
| barwidth = 200px
|titlebar=#Fcd116
| title   = Religions in Rampur City (2011)<ref name=census2>{{cite web
|left1=Religion
|publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/507-rampur.html | title=Census GIS Household |access-date=7 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Religion2011">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community - Rampur |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=15 March 2022}}</ref>
|right1=Percent
| titlebar = #E5E4E2
|float=left
| left1   = Religion
|bars=
| right1   = Percent
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|70.02}}
| float   = right
| bars     =  
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|70.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|28.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|28.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|0.24}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|0.17}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.11}}
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
†<small>Includes [[Buddhism]] (<0.03%).</small>
}}
}}


As per the [[2011 Census of India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rampur had a population of 325,248 (compared to 281,549 in 2001) showing 16% growth in 2001–11. Males constituted 52.2% and females 47.8% of the population. Sex ratio was 915 compared to the national average of 940. Rampur had an average literacy rate of 53.7%, much lower than the national average of 64.3%. Male literacy was 56%, and female literacy was 51%. In Rampur, children under six years of age numbered 37,945 and were 11.7% of the population (14% in 2001).
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rampur had a population of 325,248, compared to 281,549 in 2001, reflecting a growth of 16% during 2001–2011. Males constituted 52.2% and females 47.8% of the population. The [[sex ratio]] was 915 females per 1,000 males, lower than the national average of 940. The average literacy rate was 53.7%, below the national average of 64.3%; male literacy stood at 56% and female literacy at 51%. Children under six years of age numbered 37,945, accounting for 11.7% of the population (compared to 14% in 2001).


The city has a majority Muslim population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=28770 |title=Press Information Bureau English Releases |publisher=Pib.nic.in |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> The greater region around Rampur still has a significant number of [[Rohilla]].
Rampur has a Muslim majority population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=28770|title=Press Information Bureau English Releases|publisher=Pib.nic.in|access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> The surrounding region also has a significant [[Rohilla]] community.


== Culture and Urdu Poetry ==
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Rampur (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Urdu]] |value1 = 61.49 |color1 = green
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 37.11 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value3 = 0.90 |color3 = pink
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.50 |color4 = grey
|thumb=right
}}


Rampur is considered as third school of poetry after Delhi and Lucknow. Many prominent and legendary Urdu poets of the time like [[Daagh Dehlvi]], [[Mirza Ghalib]] and [[Amir Meenai]] joined the patronage of Rampur court. Nawabs of Rampur were very fond of poetry and other fine arts. They provided remunerations to the poets who were associated with ' ''darbar''.' Nizam Rampuri earned great name as poet. In addition, Shad Aarifi was another poet from Rampur who evolved modern ghazal in a very distinct style.
At the time of the 2011 Census, 61.49% of the population reported [[Urdu]] as their first language, 37.11% [[Hindi]] (or a related language), and 0.90% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh (Town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
 
== Culture and Urdu poetry ==
 
Rampur is regarded as the third major centre of Urdu poetry after Delhi and Lucknow. Several prominent Urdu poets, including [[Daagh Dehlvi]], [[Ghalib|Mirza Ghalib]] and [[Amir Meenai]], were associated with the Rampur court. The Nawabs of Rampur were patrons of poetry and other fine arts, providing remuneration to poets attached to the ''darbar''.


=== Architecture ===
=== Architecture ===
[[File:B16721LM.jpg|thumb|right|Small House Fort, now known as Raza Library]]
[[File:B16721LM.jpg|thumb|right|Small House Fort, now known as Raza Library]]


The Rulers of Rampur have had distinct impact on the architecture of the region. The buildings and monuments signify the presence of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] type architecture. Some of the buildings are very old and have been built over repeatedly in course of time.
The rulers of Rampur had a distinct influence on the architecture of the region. The buildings and monuments display features of [[Mughal architecture]]. Some structures are centuries old and have undergone modifications over time.


One of the most well designed monument is the Fort of Rampur ([[Hindi]]:रामपुर का किला). It also houses the [[Raza Library]] or Hamid Manzil, the former palace of the Rulers. It has a sizeable collection of Oriental manuscripts in Asia. The fort also houses the [[Imambara]].
One of the most notable monuments is the Fort of Rampur ([[Hindi]]:रामपुर का किला). It houses the [[Raza Library]] (also known as Hamid Manzil), formerly the palace of the Nawabs. The library holds a sizeable collection of Oriental manuscripts. The fort complex also contains an [[Husayniyya|Imambara]].


The ''Jama Masjid'' is one of the finest piece of architecture to be found in Rampur. It resembles the jama masjid in [[Delhi]] to some extent.{{original research inline|date=March 2019}} It was built by [[Nawab]] [[Faizullah Khan]]. It has a unique mughal touch to it. There are several entry-exit gates to the [[masjid]]. It has three big domes and four tall minarets with gold pinnacles boasting of a royal touch. It has a main lofty entrance gate that has an inbuilt clock tower occupied by a big clock that was imported from Britain.<ref name="rampur clock">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/94592664@N00/6556872453/in/photostream/ Rampur jama masjid history flick image], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>
The ''Jama Masjid'' of Rampur is regarded as one of the finest examples of architecture in the city. It bears some resemblance to the [[Jama Mosque, Delhi|Jama Masjid in Delhi]].{{original research inline|date=March 2019}} It was constructed by Nawab [[Faizullah Khan]] and reflects Mughal stylistic elements. The mosque has multiple entry and exit gates, three domes, and four tall minarets topped with golden finials. The main entrance features a clock tower with a large clock imported from Britain.<ref name="rampur clock">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/94592664@N00/6556872453/in/photostream/ Rampur Jama Masjid history, flickr image], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>


There are several entry-exit gates built by the [[Nawab]]. These gates are major entry-exit routes from the city. Examples are Shahbad Gate, Nawab Gate, Bilaspur Gate etc.
Several city gates were also constructed by the Nawabs, such as Shahbad Gate, Nawab Gate and Bilaspur Gate.


=== Music ===
=== Music ===
The [[Rampur-Sahaswan gharana]] of Hindustani classical music also has its origins in court musicians. Ustad Mehboob Khan, was a [[khayal]] singer and Veena player of the Rampur court; his son Ustad [[Inayat Hussain Khan]] (1849–1919), who trained and lived in the city, founded the gharana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ustadrashidkhan.com/gharana_hist.htm|title=The Gharana History - Ustad Rashid Khan|website=www.ustadrashidkhan.com}}</ref>
Rampur has been associated with Indian classical music since the early 19th century. The [[Rampur–Sahaswan gharana|Rampur-Sahaswan gharana]] of [[Hindustani classical music]] originated in the court of the Nawabs.
 
Ustad Mushtaq Hussain Khan, a court musician, was conferred the title ''Ratan'' by the Nawab of Rampur, who also gifted him a house in the Jail Road area of the city. He was the first recipient of the Padma Bhushan in classical music. Ustad Mehboob Khan, another court musician, was a khayal singer and veena player. His son, Ustad [[Inayat Hussain Khan]] (1849–1919), who lived in the Fort area, founded the Rampur-Sahaswan gharana and trained numerous disciples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ustadrashidkhan.com/gharana_hist.htm|title=The Gharana History Ustad Rashid Khan|website=ustadrashidkhan.com}}</ref>


=== Cuisine ===
=== Cuisine ===
Rampuri cuisine, a part of the [[Mughal cuisine]] tradition, developed by the chefs of the Nawabs, is also known for its distinct flavours and dishes with recipes passed on from the royal kitchen, like ''Rampuri fish'', '' Chicken Changezi '', '' Pasande haleem '', ''Rampuri Korma'', ''Rampuri mutton kebabs'', '' doodhiya biryani'', '' Dogoshta biryani'' and '' adrak ka halwa'', '' Sohan halwa ''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/01/22203755/The-culinary-cartographer.html|title=The culinary cartographer|date=22 January 2010|work=Mint}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=270513|title=Sharp cuts from the Rampuri !|date=7 January 2007|work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/77009/|title=Mutton Korma in Rampur|date=28 August 2005|work=Indian Express}}</ref>
Rampuri cuisine, a branch of [[Mughlai cuisine]], developed in the royal kitchens of the Nawabs. It is known for its distinctive flavours and recipes passed down through generations. Notable dishes include ''Rampuri fish'', ''chicken changezi'', ''pasande haleem'', ''Rampuri korma'', ''Rampuri mutton kebabs'', ''doodhiya biryani'', ''dogoshta biryani'', ''adrak ka halwa'' and ''sohan halwa''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/01/22203755/The-culinary-cartographer.html|title=The culinary cartographer|date=22 January 2010|work=Mint}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=270513|title=Sharp cuts from the Rampuri!|date=7 January 2007|work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/77009/|title=Mutton Korma in Rampur|date=28 August 2005|work=Indian Express}}</ref>


=== Knife making ===
=== Knife making ===
   
   
Rampur was traditionally famous for the knives known as ''[[Rampuri]] Chaaku'', which even made their way to [[Bollywood]] crime thrillers in the 1960s and 1970s. Eventually the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] banned making knives longer than 4.5&nbsp;inches in blade length, leading to a drop in their popularity.<ref name="Rampuri" /><ref name="topnews.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.topnews.in/famed-rampuri-knives-may-soon-go-oblivion-296417|title=Famed Rampuri knives may soon go into oblivion &#124; TopNews|website=www.topnews.in}}</ref>
Rampur has traditionally been known for the ''[[Rampuri]] chaaku'', a type of knife that became popular in [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] crime thrillers during the 1960s and 1970s. The [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] later banned the manufacture of knives with blades longer than 4.5 inches, leading to a decline in their production and popularity.<ref name="Rampuri" /><ref name="topnews.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.topnews.in/famed-rampuri-knives-may-soon-go-oblivion-296417|title=Famed Rampuri knives may soon go into oblivion |website=topnews.in}}</ref>


=== Rampur Greyhound ===
=== Rampur Greyhound ===
The [[Rampur Greyhound]] is a smooth-haired sighthound native to the region, often described as being more substantially built than other greyhounds. It was the favoured hound of the Nawabs for [[jackal coursing]], but was also used to hunt lions, tigers, leopards, and panthers. [[Ahmad Ali Khan of Rampur|Mh Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur]] bred these dogs by combining [[Afgan Hound|Tazi]] and [[Greyhound|English Greyhound]] bloodlines.
The [[Rampur Greyhound]] is a smooth-coated sighthound native to the region, often described as more substantially built than other greyhounds. It was a favoured hunting dog of the Nawabs, used for [[jackal coursing]] as well as hunting lions, tigers, leopards and panthers. [[Ahmad Ali Khan of Rampur|Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur]] bred the hounds by crossing the [[Afghan Hound|Tazi]] (Afghan hound) with the [[Greyhound|English Greyhound]].


=== Festivals ===
=== Festivals ===
Religious practices are as much an integral part of everyday life and a very public affair as they are in the rest of India. Therefore, not surprisingly, many festivals are religious in origin although several of them are celebrated irrespective of caste and creed. Among the most important Hindu festivals are [[Diwali]], [[Holi]] and [[Vijayadashami]], [[Mahashivaratri]], [[Ram Navmi]], [[Basant Panchami]], [[Sri Krishna Janamastmi]] and [[Raksha Bandhan]], which are also observed by Jains and Sikhs. [[Eid ul Milad]], [[Eid ul-Fitr]], [[Bakr-Id]], Muharram are Muslim religious festivals. [[Mahavir Jayanti]] is celebrated by [[Jainism|Jains]], [[Buddha Jayanti]] by Buddhists, [[Guru Nanak Jayanti]] by Sikhs and [[Good Friday]], Christmas by the Christians.
Religious practices form an important part of daily life in Rampur, as in much of India. Most festivals are religious in origin, although many are celebrated across communities. Major Hindu festivals include [[Diwali]], [[Holi]], [[Vijayadashami]], [[Maha Shivaratri|Mahashivaratri]], [[Rama Navami|Ram Navami]], [[Vasant Panchami|Basant Panchami]], [[Krishna Janmashtami]] and [[Raksha Bandhan]], which are also observed by Jains and Sikhs. Muslim festivals include [[Mawlid]], [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Eid al-Adha]] and [[Muharram]]. [[Mahavira Janma Kalyanaka|Mahavir Jayanti]] is celebrated by Jains, [[Buddha's Birthday|Buddha Purnima]] by Buddhists, [[Guru Nanak Gurpurab|Guru Nanak Jayanti]] by Sikhs, and [[Good Friday]] and [[Christmas]] by Christians.


== Transport ==
== Transport ==
===Rail===
===Rail===
[[File:Rampur Junction.jpg|thumb|[[Rampur Railway Station]]]]
[[File:Rampur Junction.jpg|thumb|[[Rampur Railway Station]]]]
[[Rampur Railway Station]] (station code RMU) lies on the [[Lucknow-Moradabad line]] and junction point of Kathgodam railway line. which work under NER. Train connections include Avadh Assam Express, Jammu Tawi-Sealdah Express, Kashi Vishwanath Express, Howrah-Amritsar Express, Ganga Sutlej Express and Satyagraha Express. Seat reservation is computerised. The station is served by the Northern Railways. [[Moradabad railway station]] is 30&nbsp;km to the west of Rampur. Going south-east, [[Bareilly railway station]] is the nearest major station. Hotel Tourist and Restaurant is only 5-minute walk from the railway station.<ref name="Rampurrailway">[http://www.nainitaltourism.com/rampur.html Rampur Railway], Nainital tourism Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref> The electrification of railway lines of Rampur junction is completed.
[[Rampur Junction railway station|Rampur railway station]] (station code: RMU) lies on the [[Lucknow–Moradabad line]] and serves as a junction for the Kathgodam line, under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway. Important train connections include the [[Avadh Assam Express]], Jammu Tawi–Sealdah Express, [[Kashi Vishwanath Express]], Howrah–Amritsar Express, Ganga Sutlej Express and [[Satyagrah Express|Satyagraha Express]]. Reservation facilities are computerised. [[Moradabad Junction railway station|Moradabad railway station]] lies about 30 km to the west, while [[Bareilly Junction railway station|Bareilly railway station]] is the nearest major station to the south-east. The railway lines at Rampur junction are fully electrified.<ref name="Rampurrailway">[http://www.nainitaltourism.com/rampur.html Rampur Railway], Nainital Tourism, Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref>


Various express trains come here. The important ones are [[Delhi]]-[[Kathgodam|Kathgodam Shatabdi]], [[Delhi]]-[[Bareilly]] Inter-city Express, [[Lucknow]]-[[Delhi]] Lucknow Mail, [[Delhi]]-[[Kathgodam]] Ranikhet Express, [[Bareilly]]-[[Bhuj]] Ala Hazrat Express, [[Amritsar]]-[[Howrah]] Amritsar Mail.<ref name="ram rail">[http://www.railwayreservation.net/station/rampur.html Rampur railway reservation], http://www.railwayreservation.net/ Retrieved 9 August 2012</ref>
Other important trains passing through Rampur include the [[Delhi]][[Kathgodam]] Shatabdi Express, [[Delhi]][[Bareilly]] Intercity Express, [[Lucknow]][[Delhi]] Mail, [[Delhi]][[Kathgodam]] [[Ranikhet Express]], [[Bareilly]][[Bhuj]] Ala Hazrat Express and [[Amritsar]][[Howrah]] Mail.<ref name="ram rail">[http://www.railwayreservation.net/station/rampur.html Rampur Railway Reservation], railwayreservation.net, Retrieved 9 August 2012</ref>


===Road===
=== Road ===
[[File:Rampur UPSRTC Depot.jpg|thumb|[[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|Roadways]] bus depot in Rampur.]]
[[File:Rampur UPSRTC Depot.jpg|thumb|[[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|Roadways]] bus depot in Rampur.]]
[[National Highway 9 (India)|National Highway 9]] passes through Rampur.<ref name="ram highway">[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Rampur-50259.htm National highway 87 and rampur], india9.com Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref> Regular buses connect Rampur to [[Moradabad]] every ½ hr. Direct buses are also available from [[Delhi]], [[Lucknow]], [[Bareilly]], [[Aligarh]] [[Haridwar]], [[Rishikesh]], [[Kanpur]], Rupaidhiya, [[Agra]] etc. [[National Highway 530 (India)|National Highway 530]] originates at Rampur.
[[National Highway 9 (India)|National Highway 9]] passes through Rampur.<ref name="ram highway">[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Rampur-50259.htm National Highway 87 and Rampur], india9.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref> Regular buses operate to [[Moradabad]] at intervals of about 30 minutes. Direct bus services are available to major cities including [[Delhi]], [[Lucknow]], [[Bareilly]], [[Aligarh]], [[Haridwar]], [[Rishikesh]], [[Kanpur]], Rupaidhiya and [[Agra]]. [[National Highway 530 (India)|National Highway 530]] originates in Rampur.


===Air===
===Air===
[[Bareilly Airport]] is a nearest major domestic airport to Rampur which is located around 69&nbsp;km from Rampur,it is connected to cities like Mumbai, New Delhi and Bangalore with direct flights.
Rampur is located within 70 km of multiple domestic airports. The nearest is [[Moradabad Airport]], around 17 km from the [[Rampur Junction railway station|railway station]], which began commercial operations in 2024 with direct flights to [[Lucknow]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moradabad News: मुरादाबाद से लखनऊ का हवाई किराया AC ट्रेन से सस्ता, एक दशक बाद पीतल नगरी से उड़ी फ्लाइट |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/moradabad/moradabad-airport-begin-first-flight-service-on-10-august-for-lucknow-know-fare-and-timing/2377246 |access-date=26 October 2024 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>
 
{{Multiple image
| direction        = vertical
| image1            = Moradabad Airport Front View.jpg
| image2            = Bareilly Airport.png
| alt1              = Moradabad Airport
| caption1          = Moradabad Airport
| alt2              = Bareilly Airport
| caption2          = Bareilly Airport
}}


Other nearby airports include [[Pantnagar Airport]], about 58 km away, and [[Bareilly Airport]], about 69 km from the city centre. Bareilly Airport is the best connected, with regular flights to [[Mumbai]], [[New Delhi]] and [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]]. The nearest international airport is [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] in New Delhi.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|-bgcolor=#99ccff
|- bgcolor="#99ccff"
! Nearest Airport
! Nearest Airport
! Symbol
! Symbol
! Distance (in km)
! Distance (in km)
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
|-
| [[Moradabad Airport|Moradabad]]
|MZS
|12
|-
| [[Pantnagar Airport|Pantnagar]]
|PGH
|58
|-
| [[Bareilly Airport|Bareilly]]
|BEK
|65
|-
| [[Hindon Airport|Ghaziabad]]
|HDO
|162
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]]
| DED
| 175
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| New Delhi
| New Delhi
| DEL
| DEL
| 187
| 187
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| [[Pantnagar]]
| PGH
| 58
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| [[Dehradun]]
| DED
| 175
|- bgcolor=#F4F9FF
| [[Bareilly]]
| BEK
| 65
|}
|}


[[Moradabad Airport]] is an upcoming airport between Moradabad and Rampur, being upgraded from an existing government airstrip.<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Information Bureau |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=104187 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref>
== Places of interest ==
 
=== Jama Masjid ===
[[File:Jama Masjid rampur.jpg|thumb|Jama Masjid, Rampur]]
The foundation of the Jama Masjid in Rampur was laid by [[Nawab]] [[Faizullah Khan]].<ref name="rampur clock" /> It was constructed at a cost of ₹3,00,000 and later completed by [[Nawab]] [[Kalb Ali Khan]].<ref name="ram history" />


== Places of interest ==
The area around the mosque developed into a commercial hub, known today as the Shadab Market. A jewellery market called ''Sarrafa'' also exists in its vicinity. The shops, rented out to traders to meet the mosque's requirements, are owned by both Hindus and Muslims, and attract customers from both communities. The market is often cited as a symbol of communal harmony in the city.<ref name="jama rampur">[http://www.indiablooms.com/VideoDetails/2012/videoDetails090712e1.php Communal harmony in Rampur] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302033655/http://www.indiablooms.com/VideoDetails/2012/videoDetails090712e1.php |date=2 March 2014}}, ''India Blooms'', Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref>


'''Jama Masjid'''
=== Raza Library ===
[[File:Jama Masjid rampur.jpg|thumb|Jama masjid in Rampur UP]]
[[File:Raza Library.jpg|thumb|right|Raza Library, Rampur]]
The foundation of Jama Masjid in Rampur was laid by [[Nawab]] [[Faizullah Khan]].<ref name="rampur clock" /> It was built at the cost of 300,000 at that time and it was further completed by [[Nawab]] [[Kalb Ali Khan]].<ref name="ram history" />
The area around the Jama Masjid became a center of attraction and a big market was developed around it, known today as the Shadab Market. A big jewellery market also lines the [[masjid]] known as ''Sarrafa''. The shops were rented out to businessmen to meet the mosque's requirements. [[Hindus]] and [[Muslims]] both own these shops and customers belong to both communities. This shows communal harmony that exists in this area.<ref name="jama rampur">[http://www.indiablooms.com/VideoDetails/2012/videoDetails090712e1.php Communal harmony in Rampur] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302033655/http://www.indiablooms.com/VideoDetails/2012/videoDetails090712e1.php |date=2 March 2014 }}, http://www.indiablooms.com/ Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref>


'''Raza Library'''
The Raza Library was established by [[Nawab]] [[Faizullah Khan]], who ruled Rampur from 1774 to 1794, with his personal collection of manuscripts and specimens of [[Islamic calligraphy]] in the late 18th century. It is regarded as one of the largest libraries in Asia. Successive [[Nawab|Nawabs]] expanded the collection, particularly during the reign of Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan (1794–1840).<ref name="ram raza">[http://razalibrary.gov.in/history.asp Rampur Raza Library history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222005/http://razalibrary.gov.in/history.asp |date=4 March 2016}}, razalibrary.gov.in, Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref>
[[File:Raza Library.jpg|thumb|right|Rampur's Raza Library]]


[[Nawab]] [[Faizullah Khan]], who ruled Rampur from 1774 to 1794, established the library from his personal collection of ancient [[manuscripts]] and miniature specimens of [[Islamic calligraphy]] in the last decades of the 18th century. It is one of the biggest libraries of Asia. As all the succeeding [[Nawabs]] were great patrons of [[scholars]], poets, painters, [[calligraphers]] and musicians, the library grew by leaps and bounds. Notable additions were made to the collection during the rule of Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan (1794–1840).<ref name="ram raza">[http://razalibrary.gov.in/history.asp Rampur Raza library history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222005/http://razalibrary.gov.in/history.asp |date=4 March 2016 }}, razalibrary.gov.in Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref>
The library holds a rare and extensive collection of [[Manuscript|manuscripts]], historical documents, miniature paintings, [[Astronomy|astronomical]] instruments, and works in multiple languages, including [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto]], Tamil, and Turkish. It also houses approximately 30,000 printed books and periodicals.<ref name="ram raza" />


It contains very rare and valuable collection of [[manuscripts]], historical documents, specimens of [[Islamic calligraphy]], miniature paintings, [[astronomical]] instruments and rare illustrated works in [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]. The [[Raza Library]] also contains printed works in [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]] (having the original manuscript of the first translation of the [[Qur'an]] in addition to other important books/documents), Tamil and Turkish, and approximately 30,000 printed books (including periodicals) in various other languages.<ref name="ram raza" />
=== Rampur Planetarium ===


'''Rampur Planetarium'''
Rampur Planetarium is India's first digital laser technology based [[planetarium]]. The building is complete and equipped, with data said to be directly updated by [[NASA]].<ref name="ram planet">[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-a-first-nasa-to-directly-update-rampur-planetarium-database/928111/ Rampur Planetarium to be updated by NASA], ''The Indian Express'', Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>


State of the art [[planetarium]] is being established at Rampur. This will be India's first [[planetarium]] based on Digital Laser technology. The planetarium building is almost complete and equipments are being installed. The information will be directly fed by [[NASA]].<ref name="ram planet">[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-a-first-nasa-to-directly-update-rampur-planetarium-database/928111/ Rampur Planetarium to be updated by NASA], Indianexpress.com Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>
=== Gandhi Samadhi ===


'''Gandhi Samadhi'''
The Gandhi Samadhi is a memorial dedicated to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. It commemorates his role in the struggle for India's independence from the [[British Raj]].


Gandhi Samadhi is a memorial to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. It signifies the struggles that [[Mahatma Gandhi]] took over for the independence of India from British Rule.
=== Kothi Khas Bagh ===


'''Kothi Khas Bagh'''
Kothi Khas Bagh is a palace located in Rampur, about 30 km east of [[Moradabad]] in Uttar Pradesh. Once the residence of the [[Nawab|Nawabs]] of Rampur, the palace is set within a 300-acre compound and has about 200 rooms. Built in a European style with a blend of [[Islamic architecture]] and [[Architecture of the United Kingdom|British architecture]], it included private apartments, offices, music rooms, and a personal cinema hall. The halls feature Burma teak interiors and Belgium glass chandeliers, while the main staircase is made of Italian marble. A statue of [[Kalb Ali Khan]], the second Nawab of Rampur, is a notable feature. The palace is currently in a dilapidated condition due to age and neglect.<ref name="ram koti khas bagh">[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kothi-Khas-Bagh-15572.htm Rampur Kothi Khas Bagh], india9.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>


Kothi Khas Bagh is a palace located at Rampur, about 30&nbsp;km east of [[Moradabad]] in Uttar Pradesh. It was the erstwhile residence of the [[Nawabs]] of Rampur. Set in a 300-acre compound, this huge 200-room European style palace is a unique blend of [[Islamic architecture]] and [[British architecture]]. It also features personal apartments and offices, music rooms and personal cinema hall of [[Nawabs]]. The huge halls, adorned with Burma teak and Belgium glass chandeliers, present a fine specimen of the architecture of a bygone era. There is an Italian marble staircase towards the main bedrooms. The statue of [[Kalb Ali Khan]], the second Nawab of Rampur, is an eye-catching one. Kothi Khas Bagh is now in a dilapidated state due to the age and neglect.<ref name="ram koti khas bagh">[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kothi-Khas-Bagh-15572.htm Rampur koti khas bagh], india9.com Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>
=== Ambedkar Park ===


'''Ambedkar Park'''
Ambedkar Park is a memorial dedicated to [[B. R. Ambedkar|Bhimrao Ambedkar]]. The park contains a statue of Ambedkar and a faux mountain structure that provides a view of the surroundings. A railway line runs along its boundary.


Ambedkar Park is a memorial to [[Bhimrao Ambedkar]]. It is a park with a railway line along its boundary.
=== Aryabhatt Planetarium ===
The [[Aryabhatt Planetarium]] was established in 2012 by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh Government]] as a science museum to educate the public about astronomical events, lunar eclipses, and related phenomena.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=UP CM changes name of Rampur's Bhimrao Ambedkar Planetarium, Mayawati cries foul |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/uttar-pradesh-chief-minister-changes-name-of-rampur-bhimrao-ambedkar-planetarium-mayawati-cries-foul-116385-2012-09-18 |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>


== Education ==
== Education ==
[[File:Mumtaz Library 2.jpg|thumb|[[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]] is the first university to be founded in Rampur City]]
[[File:Mumtaz Library 2.jpg|thumb|[[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]], the first university to be established in Rampur]]


The education sector in Rampur and its villages is developing with investments pouring in. The city has several secondary and higher secondary schools and colleges. The educational institutions are the main attraction for students of nearby places like Kashipur-Anga, Kemri, Bilaspur etc. as many new institutions have come up in the city for various higher education mainly affiliated with [[MJP Rohilkhand University]], [[Bareilly]]. Although the city has many educational institutes, Rampur has an average literacy rate of 53.34%, lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 61.40%, and female literacy is 44.44%.<ref name="Rampur literacy">[http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/507-rampur.html Rampur Literacy], Retrieved 7 July 2012.</ref> The Muhammad Ali Jauhar University is the first university to be established.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muhammad Ali Jauhar University inaugurated|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/4280-muhammad-ali-jauhar-university-inaugurated|access-date=3 November 2016|agency=The Milli Gazette|issue=1–15 October 2012|date=18 November 2012}}</ref> Many public and government Primary schools are also playing crucial role in education sector in rural areas of Rampur. Impact College of Science & Technology is a newly opened Degree College.
The education sector in Rampur and its surrounding villages has been developing with new investments. The city has several secondary and higher secondary schools as well as colleges. Educational institutions in Rampur attract students from neighbouring areas such as Kashipur-Anga, Kemri and Bilaspur, as a number of higher education institutions affiliated with [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University|M. J. P. Rohilkhand University]], [[Bareilly]], have been established in the city.
 
Despite the presence of many institutions, Rampur has an average literacy rate of 53.34%, which is lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy stands at 61.40%, while female literacy is 44.44%.<ref name="Rampur literacy">[http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/507-rampur.html Rampur Literacy], census2011.co.in, Retrieved 7 July 2012.</ref> [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]] is the first university to be established in Rampur.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muhammad Ali Jauhar University inaugurated|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/4280-muhammad-ali-jauhar-university-inaugurated|access-date=3 November 2016|agency=The Milli Gazette|issue=1–15 October 2012|date=18 November 2012}}</ref>
 
Public and government primary schools also play a crucial role in education, particularly in the rural areas of the district. Newer institutions such as the Impact College of Science & Technology have also been established.


{{Cleanup list|date=November 2021}}  
{{Cleanup list|date=November 2021}}  
'''<big><u>Education in Rampur</u></big>'''
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid black" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid black" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"
|-  
|-  
Line 305: Line 342:
|Private
|Private
|-  
|-  
| [[Govt. Raza Degree College]] (Boys and Girls)
| [[Government Girls Post Graduate College, Rampur]]
| [[Rohilkhand University]], [[Bareilly]]
| [[M. J. P. Rohilkhand University]]
|-
|-
| [[Government Polytechnic, Rampur]]
| [[St. John Vianney School]]<ref>[https://stjohntanda.org/ St. John Vianney School Tanda]</ref>
| [[UPTU]], [[Lucknow]]
|-
| [[Govt. Murtaza Intermediate College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| St. John Vianney School<ref>[https://stjohntanda.org/ St. John Vianney School Tanda]</ref>
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
|-
| [[Sunway Senior Secondary School]]<ref>[http://www.sunwayschool.com/ Sunway Senior Secondary School]</ref>
| [[Sunway Senior Secondary School]]<ref>[http://www.sunwayschool.com/ Sunway Senior Secondary School]</ref>
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[St. Mary Sr. Sec. School]]
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Global International School]]
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
|-
| [[Dubai Public School, Rampur]]<ref>[https://dubaipublicschool.ae Dubai Public School, Rampur]</ref>
| [[Dubai Public School, Rampur]]<ref>[https://dubaipublicschool.ae Dubai Public School, Rampur]</ref>
|C.B.S.E.pattern / English Medium
|C.B.S.E. pattern / English Medium
|-
| [[Greenwood Sr. Sec. School]]
|[[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Shri Hari Inter College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[DMA Sr. Sec. School]]<ref>[http://www.dmarampur.com/ DMA Sr. Sec. School]</ref>
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Hadi Academy]]
|
|-
| [[St. Paul's School, Rampur]]
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Saraswati Vidhya Mandir Inter College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Govt. Raza Intermediate College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Jain Intermediate College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Sunder Lal Inter College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Govt. Zulfikar Inter College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Sanatan Dharm Intermediate College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Govt. Khursheed Girls Intermediate College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Kanya Intermediate College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Maharishi Vidya Mandir, Rampur]]
| [[Dayawati Modi Academy Sr. Sec. School]]<ref>[http://www.dmarampur.com/ DMA Sr. Sec. School]</ref>
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Balika Intermediate College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Shamsi Girls Intermediate College]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Adab Public School]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Madrasa Aliya, Rampur]]
|
|-
| [[Hadi Jr. High School]] (Est. 1975)
|[[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
| [[Milton Educational Academy]]
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[RAN Public School]]
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Hasrat Inter College]]
|
|-
| [[Ved prakash Inter College]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
|-
| [[Whitehall Public School]]<ref>[http://whitehallpublicschool.com Whitehall Public School]</ref>
| [[Whitehall Public School]]<ref>[http://whitehallpublicschool.com Whitehall Public School]</ref>
|CBSE Board, New Delhi
|CBSE Board, New Delhi
|-
| [[Ramlila Public Inter College]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad|UP Board]], [[Allahabad]]
|-
|-
| [[Govt. Girls PG College|Govt Girls PG College]]
| [[East West Senior Secondary School]]<ref>[https://ewpsrampur.in/ East West Secondary School]</ref>
| [[M. J. P. Rohilkhand University]]
|-
| [[Impact College of Science & Technology]]
|[[M.J.P. Rohilkhand University]] & NCTE
|-
| [[Delhi Public School, Kashipur]]
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
|-
| [[Apex Group of Institutions]]<ref>[http://apex.ac.in/ Apex Group of Institutions]</ref>
| [[Apex Group of Institutions]]<ref>[http://apex.ac.in/ Apex Group of Institutions]</ref>
|[[UPTU]]  & [[M.J.P. Rohilkhand University|MJPRU]],Kaushalganj, Rampur  
|[[UPTU]]  & [[M.J.P. Rohilkhand University|MJPRU]], Kaushalganj, Rampur  
|-
|[[Smart Indian Model School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smart Indian Model School (SIMS) – Rampur – Learning Today …… Leading Tomorrow |url=https://simsrampur.com/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|[[CBSE Centre of Excellence Kochi|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|}
|}
*[[Delhi Public School]]. CBSE Board
*Doon Public School CBSE Board
*[[Lucknow Public School]].ICSE Board
{{Cleanup list|date=November 2021}}
*[[Divine International School]].ICSE Board
*[[Hassanson's International School]]. ICSE Board
*[[Dashmesh Academy]]. CBSE Board
*[[Rampur Public School]].CBSE Board
*[[Dayavati Modi Academy]].CBSE Board
*[[Saint Marry School]]. CBSE Board
*[[Government Polytechnic]]
*[[Jaya Prada Nursing Institute]]
*[[Tondon Institute of Peramedics]]
*[[Hassanson's Institute of Peramedics & Nursing]]
*[[Johar Institute of Medical science]]
*[[Hassanson's School of Medicine]]
*[[Rajshree Medical College]]


==Economy==
==Economy==


=== Industry and agriculture ===
=== Industry and agriculture ===
Rampur has a largely agriculture-based economy. It has very fertile land, but little industry, and virtually no mineral extraction. The main industries of Rampur are wine-making, sugar processing, textile weaving, and the manufacture of agricultural implements. An inoperative sugar mill still stands in Rampur; it was closed down in 1999 amidst political rivalry, but work has since begun on restarting the mill after state government approval.<ref name="Rampur sugarmill">[http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/article2951285.ece Rampur sugar mill lies in ruins], Retrieved 7 August 2012</ref> The major cash crop of the city is [[mentha]], and menthol oil manufacturing also flourishes there.<ref name="Mentha rampur">[http://www.menthaallied.com/ Mentha work in rampur], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>
Rampur has a predominantly agriculture-based economy, with fertile land but limited industrial activity and virtually no mineral extraction. The main industries in Rampur include [[winemaking]], sugar processing, textile weaving, and the manufacture of agricultural implements. An inoperative sugar mill, closed in 1999 due to political disputes, is now being revived with state government approval.<ref name="Rampur sugarmill">[http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/article2951285.ece Rampur sugar mill lies in ruins], The Hindu, Retrieved 7 August 2012</ref>


The company formerly known as Rampur Distillery & Chemical Company Ltd., [[Radico Khaitan]], was established in Rampur in 1943 and is India's second largest liquor manufacturer. The distillery at Rampur manufactures high grade Extra Neutral Spirits (ENA) from molasses and grain, with a production capacity of 75 million litres of molasses ENA, 30&nbsp;million of grain neutral spirits, and 460 thousands litres of malt whisky annually.<ref name="ram distil">[http://www.radicokhaitan.com/rampurdistillery.html Rampur distillery], Radicokhaitan.com Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>
The major cash crop of the region is [[mentha]], and menthol oil production is a significant economic activity.<ref name="Mentha rampur">[http://www.menthaallied.com/ Mentha work in Rampur], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>


The [[kite]]-making industry is one of the oldest and prime industries in Rampur, with various sizes and shapes of kite created by hand to this day. The kites made in Rampur are in great demand all over [[Uttar Pradesh]].
The company formerly known as Rampur Distillery & Chemical Company Ltd., now [[Radico Khaitan]], was established in Rampur in 1943 and is India's second-largest liquor manufacturer. The Rampur distillery produces high-grade Extra Neutral Spirits (ENA) from molasses and grain, with an annual capacity of 75 million litres of molasses ENA, 30 million litres of grain neutral spirits, and 460,000 litres of malt whisky.<ref name="ram distil">[http://www.radicokhaitan.com/rampurdistillery.html Rampur distillery], Radicokhaitan.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>


[[Beedi]] making is another booming industry in Rampur. As noted above, Rampur-manufactured knives were quite famous in the 20th century and were known as ''[[Rampuri]] Chaaku''. Eventually, however, the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] banned making knives with blades longer than 4.5&nbsp;inches, leading to a drop in their popularity.<ref name="topnews.in"/>
Rampur also has a long-standing kite-making industry, producing kites in various sizes and shapes that are in demand across [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Another notable industry is [[beedi]] manufacturing. Rampur was also famous for its knives, known as ''[[Rampuri]] Chaaku''; however, the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] later banned the manufacture of knives with blades longer than 4.5 inches, reducing their prevalence.<ref name="topnews.in"/>


===Other establishments===
===Other establishments===
Line 494: Line 430:
|}
|}


Mentha and allied products Mursaina Rampur
The major crops grown in the district include maize, sugarcane, and rice. Most crops are used for local consumption rather than commercial sale.<ref name="ram agricultute">[http://www.hoparoundindia.com/uttar-pradesh/city-guides/rampur.aspx Rampur agriculture], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>
The major crops grown here include maize, sugarcane and rice. Majority of the crops are used as food by the people who grow them, therefore these crops do not go market.<ref name="ram agricultute">[http://www.hoparoundindia.com/uttar-pradesh/city-guides/rampur.aspx Rampur agri], Retrieved 8 July 2012.</ref>


; Economic development indicators<ref name=EconomicdevelopmentIndicators>{{cite web|url=http://www.raftaar.in/Elections/ET/Details/Uttar%20Pradesh/Pilibhit/|title=Economic development Indicators|access-date=22 April 2009|publisher=Raftaar.in}}</ref>
'''Economic development indicators'''<ref name=EconomicdevelopmentIndicators>{{cite web|url=http://www.raftaar.in/Elections/ET/Details/Uttar%20Pradesh/Pilibhit/|title=Economic development indicators|access-date=22 April 2009|publisher=Raftaar.in}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" width=80% style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" width=80% style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
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=== Communication networks ===
=== Communication networks ===
All prominent tele-communication network provider in India offer their services in Rampur.
All major telecommunication service providers in India offer services in Rampur.


{| class="wikitable" width=75% style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" width=75% style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|-
! width="33%" | GSM / Mobile Service Providers
! width="33%" |[[GSM]] Service Providers
! width="33%" | CDMA / Wireless Service Providers
! width="33%" |[[CDMA]] Service Providers
! width="33%" | Broadband / Internet Service Providers
! width="33%" |Broadband Service Providers
|-
|-  
| [[Bharti Airtel]]
| [[Idea Cellular]] ([[Idea Cellular|Escotel]])
| (Most legacy CDMA operators in India are now defunct; modern wireless is unified 4G/5G)
| [[MTS India|MTS]]
| [[Airtel Xstream Fiber]]
| [[Uninor]] ([[Unitech Wireless|Unitech Wireless Tamil Nadu Pvt. Ltd.]])
|-
| [[Vodafone Idea]] (Vi)
| —
| [[JioFiber]] / [[Reliance Jio]]
|-
| [[Jio]] (Reliance Jio Infocomm)
| —
| [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|BSNL Broadband]]
|-
|-
| [[CellOne]]
| [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|BSNL Mobile]]
| [[Tata Indicom]]
|
| [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]] Broadband
| [[Excitel Broadband]]
|-
| [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]]
| [[BSNL|BSNL WLL]]
| [[Sify|Sify iWay]]
|-
| [[Vodafone|Vodafone-IN]] ([[Vodafone|Hutch]])
| [[Aircel]]
| Spice
|-
| [[Aircel]]
| [[Reliance Communications]]
|
|}
|}


=== Radio services ===
=== Radio services ===
Radio services available in Rampur. Rampur Radio.& Door Dharshan Rampur
Radio services available in Rampur include [[All India Radio]] and [[Doordarshan]].


{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
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=== Print media ===
=== Print media ===
The Hindi daily news papers include ''[[Amrit Vichar]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaper.amritvichar.com/category/16/rampur|title=Amrit Vichar|website=amritvichar.com|access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref>''[[Dainik Jagran]]'', ''[[Amar Ujala]]'' and ''The Hindustan''. Prominent English dailies like ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'', ''[[The Young Turk]]'' and ''[[Indian Express]]'' have fewer readers. The local Urdu newspaper is ''Rampur ka elaan''. It is published from Rampur since 1991.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rampurkaelaan.com/about_us.php?id=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602020100/http://rampurkaelaan.com/about_us.php?id=1 |archive-date=2012-06-02 |title=About Us |website=Rampur ka elaan}}</ref>
Hindi daily newspapers published in Rampur include ''[[Amrit Vichar]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaper.amritvichar.com/category/16/rampur|title=Amrit Vichar|website=amritvichar.com|access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Dainik Jagran]]'', ''[[Amar Ujala]]'', and ''The Hindustan''. Prominent English dailies such as ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[Hindustan Times|The Hindustan Times]]'', ''[[The Young Turk]]'', and ''[[The Indian Express|Indian Express]]'' have comparatively fewer readers in the city. The local Urdu newspaper, ''Rampur ka Elaan'', has been published in Rampur since 1991.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rampurkaelaan.com/about_us.php?id=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602020100/http://rampurkaelaan.com/about_us.php?id=1 |archive-date=2012-06-02 |title=About Us | url-status=usurped |website=Rampur ka Elaan}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* [[Abul Kalam Azad]] first education minister, Republic of India and President of India.
* [[Athar Shah Khan Jaidi]], Pakistani comedian, writer was born in Rampur
* [[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]], Indian politician of [[Samajwadi Party]]
* [[Baba Rampuri]], American emigrant to India, a Naga Sadhu and ascetic
* [[Baldev Singh Aulakh]] Indian politician and minister in Uttar Pradesh government
* [[Javed Siddiqui]]
* [[Mohammad Ali (actor)|Mohammad Ali]], Pakistani actor
* [[Mohammad Ali (actor)|Mohammad Ali]], Pakistani actor
* [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]] Journalist, scholar, political activist, poet
* [[Baldev Singh Aulakh]], Indian politician and minister in the Uttar Pradesh government
* [[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]], Indian politician and cabinet ministers in [[Modi Government]]  
* [[Maulana Azad]], first Education Minister of India and former President of India
* [[Obaidullah Baig]], Pakistani scholar, Urdu writer/novelist, columnist, media expert and documentary filmmaker
* [[Obaidullah Baig]], Pakistani scholar, Urdu writer, columnist, media expert, and documentary filmmaker
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], Bollywood actor, was brought up here
* [[Athar Shah Khan Jaidi]], Pakistani comedian and writer, born in Rampur
* [[Raza Murad]], Bollywood actor, was born and brought up in Rampur.
* [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]], journalist, scholar, political activist, and poet
* [[Rukhsar Rehman]], Indian film & television actress and model in Bollywood
* [[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]], Indian politician of the [[Samajwadi Party]]
* [[Shama Zaidi]], screenwriter, theatre actress, documentary filmmaker, costume designer, art director and journalist
* [[Zulfikar Ali Khan of Rampur|Zulfikar Ali Khan]], Nawab of Rampur and former Member of Parliament
* [[Zulfikar Ali Khan]], Nawab of Rampur and member of parliament
* [[Murad (actor)|Hamid Ali Murad]], known as [[Murad (actor)|Murad]], Indian actor
* [[Raza Murad]], Bollywood actor, born and brought up in Rampur
* [[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]], Indian politician and cabinet minister in the [[Premiership of Narendra Modi|Modi government]]
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], Bollywood actor, brought up in Rampur
* [[Baba Rampuri]], American-born Naga Sadhu and ascetic who emigrated to India
* [[Rukhsar Rehman]], Indian film and television actress and model
* [[Javed Siddiqui]], Indian writer and screenwriter
* [[Shama Zaidi]], screenwriter, theatre actress, documentary filmmaker, costume designer, art director, and journalist


== References ==
== References ==
Line 616: Line 547:


== External links ==
== External links ==
 
{{Commons category|Rampur, Uttar Pradesh}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/r/rampur.html Genealogy of Rampur (Princely State)]
* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/r/rampur.html Genealogy of Rampur (Princely State)]

Latest revision as of 09:52, 29 January 2026

Rampur
Rāmapura
Mustafabad
City
Center: Jama Masjid Rampur, Clockwise from top : Rampur Railway Station; Mohammad Ali Jauhar University; Rampur Raza Library; Aryabhatt Planetarium; Gandhi Samadhi
Center: Jama Masjid Rampur, Clockwise from top : Rampur Railway Station; Mohammad Ali Jauhar University; Rampur Raza Library; Aryabhatt Planetarium; Gandhi Samadhi
Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Rampur is located in India
Rampur
Rampur
Rampur (India)
Coordinates: 28°48′N 79°00′E / 28.8°N 79.0°E / 28.8; 79.0
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictRampur
RegionRohilkhand
DivisionMoradabad
Named forRam Singh I
Government
 • BodyRampur Nagar Palika Parishad
 • MPMohibbullah Nadvi (SP)[1]
 • MLAAkash Saxena (BJP)
 • Zila Panchayat ChairmanKhyaliram Lodhi [2](BJP)
Area
 • Total84 km2 (32 sq mi)
 • Rank43
Elevation
288 m (945 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total325,248
 • Density3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi)
Language
 • OfficialHindi[3]
 • Additional officialUrdu[3]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
244901
Telephone code0595
Vehicle registrationUP-22
Sex ratio1000/927 /
Literacy55.08%
Civic agencyRampur Nagar Palika Parisad
Distance from Delhi186 kilometres (116 mi) NW (land)
Distance from Lucknow322 kilometres (200 mi) SE (land)
Governing bodyGovernment of UP
Government of India
Websiterampur.nic.in

Rampur (/ˈrɑːmpʊər/ About this soundpronunciation ; ISO: Rāmapura; formerly Mustafabad) is a city and the administrative headquarters of Rampur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was formerly known for industries such as sugar refining and cotton milling. The Raza Library houses more than 12,000 rare manuscripts along with a notable collection of Mughal miniature paintings.[4] Rampur is located about 322 kilometres north-west of the state capital Lucknow and approximately 180 kilometres from the national capital New Delhi.

In 2007, the Ministry of Minority Affairs identified Rampur district as one of the 14 'Minority Concentration Districts' in Uttar Pradesh, on the basis of the 2001 Census data relating to population, socio-economic indicators, and basic amenities.[5] The city is also known for the Rampuri knife (chaaku), commonly known as the Rampuri.[6]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The area originally comprised four villages known as Kather, associated with Raja Ram Singh. In the 18th century, Nawab Faizullah Khan of the Rohilla dynasty proposed renaming the settlement to Faizabad. However, since several other places were already known by that name, it was instead named Mustafabad, later also referred to as Rampur.[7]

History[edit | edit source]

According to medieval history, Rampur was part of the Delhi region and was divided between Badaun and Sambhal districts. Being situated in the upper part of Rohilkhand, it was known as Kather[citation needed] and was ruled by the Katheria Rajputs. The Katheria Rajputs resisted external powers for about 400 years, fighting the Sultans of Delhi and later the Mughals. They engaged in repeated battles with Nasiruddin Mahmud in 1253, Ghiyas ud din Balban in 1256, Jalal-ud-din Khalji in 1290, Firuz Shah Tughlaq in 1379, and Sikandar Lodi in 1494.

During the early Mughal period, the capital of Rohilkhand shifted from Badaun to Bareilly, which increased Rampur's importance.[7]

Flag of Rampur State

The Rohilla War of 1774–1775 began when the Rohilla Pathans, then dominant in the region, reneged on a debt owed to the Nawab of Oudh for military assistance against the Marathas in 1772. The Rohillas were defeated and driven from their former capital, Bareilly, by the Nawab with support from troops of the British East India Company, lent by Warren Hastings.[8]

The Rohilla state of Rampur was established by Nawab Faizullah Khan on 7 October 1774 in the presence of British commander Colonel Champion. It remained a princely state under British protection thereafter.[9]

Faizullah Khan

Faizullah Khan laid the foundation of the new fort at Rampur, and the city was founded in 1775. The area originally comprised four villages known as Kather, associated with Raja Ram Singh. The first Nawab proposed renaming the settlement Faizabad, but as several places with that name already existed, it was renamed Mustafabad, later also called Rampur. Nawab Faizullah Khan ruled for 20 years. A patron of scholarship, he began the collection of Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Urdu manuscripts that now form the core of the Rampur Raza Library. After his death, his son Muhammad Ali Khan succeeded him but was killed by Rohilla leaders after 24 days. Ghulam Muhammad Khan, the deceased's brother, was proclaimed Nawab. The East India Company objected to his rule, and after three months and 22 days he was defeated by Company forces. The Governor-General then appointed Ahmad Ali Khan, son of the late Muhammad Ali Khan, as Nawab. He ruled for 44 years. With no sons, succession passed to Muhammad Sa'id Khan, son of Ghulam Muhammad Khan. Sa'id Khan raised a regular army, established courts, and carried out measures to improve the condition of farmers. He was succeeded by his son Muhammad Yusuf Ali Khan, and later by Kalb Ali Khan in 1865.[7]

Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, ca.1911.
Sir Kalb Ali Khan, Nawab of Rampur (1832–1887)

Nawab Kalb Ali Khan was proficient in Arabic and Persian. Under his rule, Rampur saw progress in education. He was also a Member of Council during the viceroyalty of Lord John Lawrence. He commissioned the construction of the Jama Masjid in Rampur at a cost of Rs. 300,000 and was knighted in Agra by the Prince of Wales. He ruled for 22 years and seven months and was succeeded by his son Mushtaq Ali Khan, who appointed W. C. Wright as Chief Engineer and oversaw the construction of new buildings and canals. Nawab Hamid Ali assumed power in 1889 at the age of 14. During his reign, new schools were established, and financial contributions were made to various colleges, including a donation of Rs. 50,000 to Lucknow Medical College. In 1905 he built the Darbar Hall within the Fort, which today houses the Rampur Raza Library's collection of Oriental manuscripts. His son, Raza Ali Khan, became the last ruling Nawab in 1930.

On 1 July 1949, the State of Rampur was merged into the Republic of India. Today, many of the Nawabs' palaces, gates, and fort walls show signs of decay, though the Library continues as a flourishing institution of scholarly importance.[7]

Nawab Yusef Ali Khan and his family escorted by Rampur and British troops to the encampment of Lord Canning

The Nawabs of Rampur sided with the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857,[8] which enabled them to retain influence in the social, political, and cultural life of northern India, particularly among Muslims of the United Provinces. Rampur also provided refuge to literary figures from the court of Bahadur Shah Zafar.

Post-independence[edit | edit source]

Descendants of the Nawabs include Murad Mian, the first child of Murtaza Ali Khan of Rampur, and Begum Noor Bano, widow of former Nawab's younger brother and ex-MP Zulfiquar Ali Khan of Rampur. Begum Noor Bano entered politics and was elected from Rampur parliamentary constituency in 1999, though she lost subsequent elections in 2004 and 2009 from Rampur and in 2014 from Moradabad. Murtaza Ali Khan and Zulfiquar Ali Khan (also known as Mikki Mia), who continued to use the title of Nawab ceremonially after independence and the abolition of princely states, are now deceased. Murtaza Ali contested an election from Rampur in 1972 against his mother Rafat Jamani Begum and won. Although the two brothers were political rivals, they never contested directly against each other. The family was later involved in smuggling scandals, some linked to Pakistan, where one of Murtaza Ali's sons had married. Raza Inter College, Hamid Inter College, and Murtaza Inter College are among the institutions named after three Nawabs.[9]

The current titular Nawab of Rampur is Muhammad Murad Ali Khan Bahadur, eldest son of Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur. He succeeded his father in 1982. From 1993 to 2002 he served as a member of the Raza Library Board in Rampur.

Geography[edit | edit source]

Rampur, located at 28°48′N latitude and 79°05′E longitude, is part of the Moradabad division of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is bounded by Udham Singh Nagar district to the north, Bareilly district to the east, Moradabad district to the west, and Badaun district to the south. Covering an area of 2,367 km2, Rampur lies at an elevation of 192 metres above sea level in the north and 166.4 metres in the south.[10] The district has extensive agricultural land. During the monsoon, after prolonged rainfall, the mountain ranges of Nainital are visible towards the north.

Climate[edit | edit source]

In summer, temperatures generally range between 30°C and 43°C, while in winter they range between 3°C and 25°C.[9]

Climate data for Rampur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8)
20.5
(68.9)
25.6
(78.1)
32.4
(90.3)
31.4
(88.5)
31.7
(89.1)
29.5
(85.1)
29.4
(84.9)
29.1
(84.4)
27.8
(82.0)
24.7
(76.5)
20
(68)
26.16
(79.09)
Average low °C (°F) 7
(45)
9.1
(48.4)
11.2
(52.2)
15.7
(60.3)
17.4
(63.3)
17.7
(63.9)
19.2
(66.6)
21.5
(70.7)
19.2
(66.6)
13.2
(55.8)
12.1
(53.8)
8
(46)
15.58
(60.04)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18.2
(0.72)
24.5
(0.96)
12.1
(0.48)
12.4
(0.49)
21.6
(0.85)
111.1
(4.37)
198.1
(7.80)
227.1
(8.94)
99.3
(3.91)
27.1
(1.07)
6.1
(0.24)
9.0
(0.35)
766.6
(30.18)
Source: WWO

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Religions in Rampur city (2011)[11]
Religion Percent
Islam
70.02%
Hinduism
28.46%
Sikhism
1.00%
Other or not stated
0.52%
Distribution of religions

According to the 2011 Census of India,[12] Rampur had a population of 325,248, compared to 281,549 in 2001, reflecting a growth of 16% during 2001–2011. Males constituted 52.2% and females 47.8% of the population. The sex ratio was 915 females per 1,000 males, lower than the national average of 940. The average literacy rate was 53.7%, below the national average of 64.3%; male literacy stood at 56% and female literacy at 51%. Children under six years of age numbered 37,945, accounting for 11.7% of the population (compared to 14% in 2001).

Rampur has a Muslim majority population.[13] The surrounding region also has a significant Rohilla community.

Languages of Rampur (2011)[14]

  Urdu (61.49%)
  Hindi (37.11%)
  Punjabi (0.90%)
  Others (0.50%)

At the time of the 2011 Census, 61.49% of the population reported Urdu as their first language, 37.11% Hindi (or a related language), and 0.90% Punjabi.[14]

Culture and Urdu poetry[edit | edit source]

Rampur is regarded as the third major centre of Urdu poetry after Delhi and Lucknow. Several prominent Urdu poets, including Daagh Dehlvi, Mirza Ghalib and Amir Meenai, were associated with the Rampur court. The Nawabs of Rampur were patrons of poetry and other fine arts, providing remuneration to poets attached to the darbar.

Architecture[edit | edit source]

Small House Fort, now known as Raza Library

The rulers of Rampur had a distinct influence on the architecture of the region. The buildings and monuments display features of Mughal architecture. Some structures are centuries old and have undergone modifications over time.

One of the most notable monuments is the Fort of Rampur (Hindi:रामपुर का किला). It houses the Raza Library (also known as Hamid Manzil), formerly the palace of the Nawabs. The library holds a sizeable collection of Oriental manuscripts. The fort complex also contains an Imambara.

The Jama Masjid of Rampur is regarded as one of the finest examples of architecture in the city. It bears some resemblance to the Jama Masjid in Delhi.[original research?] It was constructed by Nawab Faizullah Khan and reflects Mughal stylistic elements. The mosque has multiple entry and exit gates, three domes, and four tall minarets topped with golden finials. The main entrance features a clock tower with a large clock imported from Britain.[15]

Several city gates were also constructed by the Nawabs, such as Shahbad Gate, Nawab Gate and Bilaspur Gate.

Music[edit | edit source]

Rampur has been associated with Indian classical music since the early 19th century. The Rampur-Sahaswan gharana of Hindustani classical music originated in the court of the Nawabs.

Ustad Mushtaq Hussain Khan, a court musician, was conferred the title Ratan by the Nawab of Rampur, who also gifted him a house in the Jail Road area of the city. He was the first recipient of the Padma Bhushan in classical music. Ustad Mehboob Khan, another court musician, was a khayal singer and veena player. His son, Ustad Inayat Hussain Khan (1849–1919), who lived in the Fort area, founded the Rampur-Sahaswan gharana and trained numerous disciples.[16]

Cuisine[edit | edit source]

Rampuri cuisine, a branch of Mughlai cuisine, developed in the royal kitchens of the Nawabs. It is known for its distinctive flavours and recipes passed down through generations. Notable dishes include Rampuri fish, chicken changezi, pasande haleem, Rampuri korma, Rampuri mutton kebabs, doodhiya biryani, dogoshta biryani, adrak ka halwa and sohan halwa.[17][18][19]

Knife making[edit | edit source]

Rampur has traditionally been known for the Rampuri chaaku, a type of knife that became popular in Bollywood crime thrillers during the 1960s and 1970s. The Government of Uttar Pradesh later banned the manufacture of knives with blades longer than 4.5 inches, leading to a decline in their production and popularity.[6][20]

Rampur Greyhound[edit | edit source]

The Rampur Greyhound is a smooth-coated sighthound native to the region, often described as more substantially built than other greyhounds. It was a favoured hunting dog of the Nawabs, used for jackal coursing as well as hunting lions, tigers, leopards and panthers. Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur bred the hounds by crossing the Tazi (Afghan hound) with the English Greyhound.

Festivals[edit | edit source]

Religious practices form an important part of daily life in Rampur, as in much of India. Most festivals are religious in origin, although many are celebrated across communities. Major Hindu festivals include Diwali, Holi, Vijayadashami, Mahashivaratri, Ram Navami, Basant Panchami, Krishna Janmashtami and Raksha Bandhan, which are also observed by Jains and Sikhs. Muslim festivals include Mawlid, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Muharram. Mahavir Jayanti is celebrated by Jains, Buddha Purnima by Buddhists, Guru Nanak Jayanti by Sikhs, and Good Friday and Christmas by Christians.

Transport[edit | edit source]

Rail[edit | edit source]

Rampur Railway Station

Rampur railway station (station code: RMU) lies on the Lucknow–Moradabad line and serves as a junction for the Kathgodam line, under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway. Important train connections include the Avadh Assam Express, Jammu Tawi–Sealdah Express, Kashi Vishwanath Express, Howrah–Amritsar Express, Ganga Sutlej Express and Satyagraha Express. Reservation facilities are computerised. Moradabad railway station lies about 30 km to the west, while Bareilly railway station is the nearest major station to the south-east. The railway lines at Rampur junction are fully electrified.[21]

Other important trains passing through Rampur include the DelhiKathgodam Shatabdi Express, DelhiBareilly Intercity Express, LucknowDelhi Mail, DelhiKathgodam Ranikhet Express, BareillyBhuj Ala Hazrat Express and AmritsarHowrah Mail.[22]

Road[edit | edit source]

Roadways bus depot in Rampur.

National Highway 9 passes through Rampur.[23] Regular buses operate to Moradabad at intervals of about 30 minutes. Direct bus services are available to major cities including Delhi, Lucknow, Bareilly, Aligarh, Haridwar, Rishikesh, Kanpur, Rupaidhiya and Agra. National Highway 530 originates in Rampur.

Air[edit | edit source]

Rampur is located within 70 km of multiple domestic airports. The nearest is Moradabad Airport, around 17 km from the railway station, which began commercial operations in 2024 with direct flights to Lucknow.[24]

Moradabad Airport
Moradabad Airport
Bareilly Airport
Bareilly Airport

Other nearby airports include Pantnagar Airport, about 58 km away, and Bareilly Airport, about 69 km from the city centre. Bareilly Airport is the best connected, with regular flights to Mumbai, New Delhi and Bangalore. The nearest international airport is Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi.

Nearest Airport Symbol Distance (in km)
Moradabad MZS 12
Pantnagar PGH 58
Bareilly BEK 65
Ghaziabad HDO 162
Dehradun DED 175
New Delhi DEL 187

Places of interest[edit | edit source]

Jama Masjid[edit | edit source]

Jama Masjid, Rampur

The foundation of the Jama Masjid in Rampur was laid by Nawab Faizullah Khan.[15] It was constructed at a cost of ₹3,00,000 and later completed by Nawab Kalb Ali Khan.[7]

The area around the mosque developed into a commercial hub, known today as the Shadab Market. A jewellery market called Sarrafa also exists in its vicinity. The shops, rented out to traders to meet the mosque's requirements, are owned by both Hindus and Muslims, and attract customers from both communities. The market is often cited as a symbol of communal harmony in the city.[25]

Raza Library[edit | edit source]

Raza Library, Rampur

The Raza Library was established by Nawab Faizullah Khan, who ruled Rampur from 1774 to 1794, with his personal collection of manuscripts and specimens of Islamic calligraphy in the late 18th century. It is regarded as one of the largest libraries in Asia. Successive Nawabs expanded the collection, particularly during the reign of Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan (1794–1840).[26]

The library holds a rare and extensive collection of manuscripts, historical documents, miniature paintings, astronomical instruments, and works in multiple languages, including Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu, Pashto, Tamil, and Turkish. It also houses approximately 30,000 printed books and periodicals.[26]

Rampur Planetarium[edit | edit source]

Rampur Planetarium is India's first digital laser technology based planetarium. The building is complete and equipped, with data said to be directly updated by NASA.[27]

Gandhi Samadhi[edit | edit source]

The Gandhi Samadhi is a memorial dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi. It commemorates his role in the struggle for India's independence from the British Raj.

Kothi Khas Bagh[edit | edit source]

Kothi Khas Bagh is a palace located in Rampur, about 30 km east of Moradabad in Uttar Pradesh. Once the residence of the Nawabs of Rampur, the palace is set within a 300-acre compound and has about 200 rooms. Built in a European style with a blend of Islamic architecture and British architecture, it included private apartments, offices, music rooms, and a personal cinema hall. The halls feature Burma teak interiors and Belgium glass chandeliers, while the main staircase is made of Italian marble. A statue of Kalb Ali Khan, the second Nawab of Rampur, is a notable feature. The palace is currently in a dilapidated condition due to age and neglect.[28]

Ambedkar Park[edit | edit source]

Ambedkar Park is a memorial dedicated to Bhimrao Ambedkar. The park contains a statue of Ambedkar and a faux mountain structure that provides a view of the surroundings. A railway line runs along its boundary.

Aryabhatt Planetarium[edit | edit source]

The Aryabhatt Planetarium was established in 2012 by the Uttar Pradesh Government as a science museum to educate the public about astronomical events, lunar eclipses, and related phenomena.[29]

Education[edit | edit source]

Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, the first university to be established in Rampur

The education sector in Rampur and its surrounding villages has been developing with new investments. The city has several secondary and higher secondary schools as well as colleges. Educational institutions in Rampur attract students from neighbouring areas such as Kashipur-Anga, Kemri and Bilaspur, as a number of higher education institutions affiliated with M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, have been established in the city.

Despite the presence of many institutions, Rampur has an average literacy rate of 53.34%, which is lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy stands at 61.40%, while female literacy is 44.44%.[30] Mohammad Ali Jauhar University is the first university to be established in Rampur.[31]

Public and government primary schools also play a crucial role in education, particularly in the rural areas of the district. Newer institutions such as the Impact College of Science & Technology have also been established.

Names of Educational Institutes Affiliation With
Mohammad Ali Jauhar University Private
Government Girls Post Graduate College, Rampur M. J. P. Rohilkhand University
St. John Vianney School[32] CBSE Board, New Delhi
Sunway Senior Secondary School[33] CBSE Board, New Delhi
Dubai Public School, Rampur[34] C.B.S.E. pattern / English Medium
Dayawati Modi Academy Sr. Sec. School[35] CBSE Board, New Delhi
Whitehall Public School[36] CBSE Board, New Delhi
East West Senior Secondary School[37] CBSE Board, New Delhi
Apex Group of Institutions[38] UPTU & MJPRU, Kaushalganj, Rampur
Smart Indian Model School[39] CBSE Board, New Delhi

Economy[edit | edit source]

Industry and agriculture[edit | edit source]

Rampur has a predominantly agriculture-based economy, with fertile land but limited industrial activity and virtually no mineral extraction. The main industries in Rampur include winemaking, sugar processing, textile weaving, and the manufacture of agricultural implements. An inoperative sugar mill, closed in 1999 due to political disputes, is now being revived with state government approval.[40]

The major cash crop of the region is mentha, and menthol oil production is a significant economic activity.[41]

The company formerly known as Rampur Distillery & Chemical Company Ltd., now Radico Khaitan, was established in Rampur in 1943 and is India's second-largest liquor manufacturer. The Rampur distillery produces high-grade Extra Neutral Spirits (ENA) from molasses and grain, with an annual capacity of 75 million litres of molasses ENA, 30 million litres of grain neutral spirits, and 460,000 litres of malt whisky.[42]

Rampur also has a long-standing kite-making industry, producing kites in various sizes and shapes that are in demand across Uttar Pradesh. Another notable industry is beedi manufacturing. Rampur was also famous for its knives, known as Rampuri Chaaku; however, the Government of Uttar Pradesh later banned the manufacture of knives with blades longer than 4.5 inches, reducing their prevalence.[20]

Other establishments[edit | edit source]

Name Category Installation year
Kapil Menthol & Allied Products, Rampur[42] Mentha oil 1998
Indian Toners & Developers Ltd., Rampur[43] Export Quality Toner Manufacturing Plant 1992
Radico Khaitan Ltd, Rampur[41] 1943
Xerox Modi Corp., Rampur(Closed)[44] Makers of all types of Toners, Developers for Photocopiers 1987
Titanor Components Limited, Rampur[45] Metal Anodes, water electrolysers, electro-chlorinators & cathodic protection systems 1983
Wheels India Ltd, Rampur[46] Makers of Wheel Bases for all type of Vehicles 1960
Enlog India, Rampur Photovoltaic Industry 1995
Bigarette & Co., Rampur Herbal Products 1948
Kemper Herbal Pvt. Ltd, Rampur Herbal Goods and Mixture 2002
Rampur Fertilizers Ltd, Rampur Makers of Single Super Phosphate, Sulphuric Acid & Alum 1960

The major crops grown in the district include maize, sugarcane, and rice. Most crops are used for local consumption rather than commercial sale.[47]

Economic development indicators[48]

Indicators 2004 2008
Work Participation Rate 28% 27%
No. of Branches of Scheduled Commercial Bank 99 100
Habitations connected to pucca roads 89% 93%
Electrified households 38% 40%
Houses with land-line connections 10% 14%
Avg annual per capita income Rs. 70,163 Rs. 75,314
Per capita expenditure Rs. 19,120 Rs. 8,318
Inflation Index 1.14% 1.38%

Communication and media[edit | edit source]

Communication networks[edit | edit source]

All major telecommunication service providers in India offer services in Rampur.

GSM / Mobile Service Providers CDMA / Wireless Service Providers Broadband / Internet Service Providers
Bharti Airtel (Most legacy CDMA operators in India are now defunct; modern wireless is unified 4G/5G) Airtel Xstream Fiber
Vodafone Idea (Vi) JioFiber / Reliance Jio
Jio (Reliance Jio Infocomm) BSNL Broadband
BSNL Mobile Excitel Broadband

Radio services[edit | edit source]

Radio services available in Rampur include All India Radio and Doordarshan.

Service Provider Frequency Service Provider Frequency
All India Radio MW 336.7m or 891 kHz All India Radio FM 102.90 MHz

Print media[edit | edit source]

Hindi daily newspapers published in Rampur include Amrit Vichar,[49] Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, and The Hindustan. Prominent English dailies such as The Times of India, The Hindustan Times, The Young Turk, and Indian Express have comparatively fewer readers in the city. The local Urdu newspaper, Rampur ka Elaan, has been published in Rampur since 1991.[50]

Notable people[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. Rampur Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Mohibbullah of SP Wins
  2. "रामपुर: नवनिर्वाचित जिला पंचायत अध्यक्ष ख्यालीराम लोधी ने ली शपथ".
  3. 3.0 3.1 "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  4. "Rampur Raza Library: A structure of national importance". razalibrary.gov.in. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  5. "Identification of Minority Concentration Districts". 22 June 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Srivastava, Prashant (23 April 2019). "Chinese imports kill 'Rampuri knife' as Jaya Prada & Azam Khan are busy fighting each other". ThePrint. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "Rampur history". rampur.nic.in. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rampur" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 877.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Rampur Climate, Nainital Tourism. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  10. Rampur Geography, hoparoundindia.com. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  11. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  12. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  13. "Press Information Bureau English Releases". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  14. 14.0 14.1 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh (Town level)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  15. 15.0 15.1 Rampur Jama Masjid history, flickr image, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  16. "The Gharana History – Ustad Rashid Khan". ustadrashidkhan.com.
  17. "The culinary cartographer". Mint. 22 January 2010.
  18. "Sharp cuts from the Rampuri!". Business Standard. 7 January 2007.
  19. "Mutton Korma in Rampur". Indian Express. 28 August 2005.
  20. 20.0 20.1 "Famed Rampuri knives may soon go into oblivion". topnews.in.
  21. Rampur Railway, Nainital Tourism, Retrieved 9 July 2012
  22. Rampur Railway Reservation, railwayreservation.net, Retrieved 9 August 2012
  23. National Highway 87 and Rampur, india9.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  24. "Moradabad News: मुरादाबाद से लखनऊ का हवाई किराया AC ट्रेन से सस्ता, एक दशक बाद पीतल नगरी से उड़ी फ्लाइट". Zee News (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  25. Communal harmony in Rampur Archived 2 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine, India Blooms, Retrieved 9 July 2012
  26. 26.0 26.1 Rampur Raza Library history Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, razalibrary.gov.in, Retrieved 9 July 2012
  27. Rampur Planetarium to be updated by NASA, The Indian Express, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  28. Rampur Kothi Khas Bagh, india9.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  29. "UP CM changes name of Rampur's Bhimrao Ambedkar Planetarium, Mayawati cries foul". India Today. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  30. Rampur Literacy, census2011.co.in, Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  31. "Muhammad Ali Jauhar University inaugurated". No. 1–15 October 2012. The Milli Gazette. 18 November 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  32. St. John Vianney School Tanda
  33. Sunway Senior Secondary School
  34. Dubai Public School, Rampur
  35. DMA Sr. Sec. School
  36. Whitehall Public School
  37. East West Secondary School
  38. Apex Group of Institutions
  39. "Smart Indian Model School (SIMS) – Rampur – Learning Today …… Leading Tomorrow". Retrieved 11 August 2025.
  40. Rampur sugar mill lies in ruins, The Hindu, Retrieved 7 August 2012
  41. 41.0 41.1 Mentha work in Rampur, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  42. 42.0 42.1 Rampur distillery, Radicokhaitan.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  43. "About Indian Toners & Developers Ltd". Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  44. Modi Xerox, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  45. "Share/Stock Market Investment, Financial & Share Market News, Mutual Funds & BSE/NSE Live Index Updates â€" IndiaInfoline". www.indiainfoline.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  46. Wheels India Archived 21 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  47. Rampur agriculture, Retrieved 8 July 2012
  48. "Economic development indicators". Raftaar.in. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
  49. "Amrit Vichar". amritvichar.com. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  50. "About Us". Rampur ka Elaan. Archived from the original on 2 June 2012.

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  • Syed Asghar Ali Shadami, Ahwalay Riyasatay Rampur (Tarikhi wa Maashrati Pusmanzar), ed. Rizwanullah Khan Enayati
  • Tanzim Ahbab Rampur Karachi Nagin Chowrangee, a great masterpiece from Tanzeem

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Historical regions of Rohilkhand