Nuapada district: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Nuapada}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Nuapada}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                           = Nuapada district
| name               = Nuapada district
| other_name                     =  
| other_name         =  
| nickname                       =  
| nickname           =  
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| settlement_type   = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| image_skyline                   = Yogeswar Temple, Patora.JPG
| image_skyline     = {{Photomontage
| image_alt                       =  
|size = 250
| image_caption                   = Yogeswar Temple, Patora
|photo1a = Yogeswar Temple, Patora.JPG
| image_map                       = India Odisha Nuapada district.svg
|photo2a = Khariar street.jpg
| coordinates                     = {{coord|20.65|N|82.833|E|display=inline,title}}
|photo3a = Shiv1 Temple, Gandabahali.jpg
| map_caption                    = Location in Odisha, India
}}
| subdivision_type               = Country
| image_alt         =  
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|India}}
| image_caption     = Top: Yogeswar Temple, Patora<br>Middle: Street Market, [[Khariar]]<br>Bottom: Shiv Temple, [[Gandabahali]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| image_map         = Nuapada in Odisha (India).svg
| subdivision_name1               = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| image_map1        =
| established_title               = Established
| map_alt            =
| established_date               = 27 March 1993
| map_caption        = Location in Odisha
| founder                         =  
| coordinates       = {{coord|20.65|N|82.833|E|display=inline,title}}
| named_for                       =  
| subdivision_type   = Country
| seat_type                       = Headquarters
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| seat                           = [[Nuapada]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| government_type                 =  
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| governing_body                 =  
| established_title = Established
| leader_title                   = [[District collector|Collector & District Magistrate]]
| established_date   = 27 March 1993
| leader_name                     = Madhusmita sahoo, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| founder           = '''Ghasiram Majhi'''
| leader_title1                   = [[Divisional Forest Officer|Divisional Forest Officer Cum Wildlife Warden]]
| named_for         =  
| leader_name1                   = Khushwant Singh, [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]
| seat_type         = Headquarters
| leader_title2                   = [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| seat               = [[Nuapada]]
| leader_name2                   = Rahul jain, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| government_type   =  
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| governing_body     =  
| area_footnotes                 =  
| leader_title       = [[District collector|Collector & District Magistrate]]
| area_rank                       =  
| leader_name       = Madhusudan Dash, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| area_total_km2                 = 3408
| leader_title1     = [[ Indian Forest Service | Divisional Forest Officer]]
| elevation_footnotes             =  
| leader_name1       = Khushwant Singh, [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]
| elevation_m                     =  
| leader_title2     =[[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| population_total               = 610,382
| leader_name2       = Gundala Reddy Raghavendra
| population_as_of               = 2011
[[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| population_rank                 =  
| unit_pref         = Metric
| population_density_km2         = 157
| area_footnotes     =  
| population_demonym             =  
| area_rank         =  
| population_footnotes           =  
| area_total_km2     = 3408
| demographics_type1             = Languages
| elevation_footnotes =  
| demographics1_title1           = Official
| elevation_m       =  
| demographics1_info1             = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| population_total   = 610,382
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_as_of   = 2011
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| population_rank   =  
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| population_density_km2 = 157
| postal_code                     = 766105
| population_demonym =  
| registration_plate             = OD-26
| population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus/>
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| blank1_info_sec1               = 1020 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| blank2_name_sec1               = Literacy
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| blank2_info_sec1               = 58.20%
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| blank3_name_sec1               = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| utc_offset1       = +5:30
| blank3_info_sec1               = [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| blank4_name_sec1               = [[Orissa Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| postal_code       = 766105
| blank4_info_sec1               = 2 {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|071-[[Nuapada (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuapada]]<br /> 072-[[Khariar (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khariar]]}}
| registration_plate = OD-26
| blank1_name_sec2               = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec2               = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| blank1_info_sec1   = 1020 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec2               = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_name_sec1   = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec2               = {{convert|1230|mm|in}}
| blank2_info_sec1   = 58.20%
| website                         = {{URL|www.nuapada.nic.in}}
| blank3_name_sec1   = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| footnotes                       =  
| blank3_info_sec1   = [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
| official_name                   =  
| blank4_name_sec1   = [[Orissa Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| imagesize                       =  
| blank4_info_sec1   = 2 {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|071-[[Nuapada (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuapada]]<br /> 072-[[Khariar (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khariar]]}}
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| blank2_name_sec2   = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2   = {{convert|1230|mm|in}}
| website           = {{URL|www.nuapada.nic.in}}
| footnotes         =  
| official_name     =  
| imagesize         =  
}}
}}
{{State of Odisha}}
'''Nuapada district''' is located in the [[Odisha]] state in [[India]], with the town of [[Nuapada]] serving as the headquarters of the district. It has one subdivision: [[Nuapada]], and five blocks: [[Khariar]], [[Sinapali]], [[Boden Block|Boden]], [[Komna, Nuapada|Komna]], and [[Nuapada]]. Nuapada District has three [[Notified Area Council]]s: [[Khariar]], [[Khariar Road]], and [[Nuapada]], six [[tehsil]]s in addition to villages, such as [[Gandabahali]], Tukla, Hatibandha, Duajher, [[Bargaon, Odisha|Bargaon]], Tarbod, Udyanbandh, Singjhar, [[Brahmanpada, Nuapada|Brahmanpada]], Karngamal, Sarabong, Dharambandha, Lakhna, Sunabeda, Beltukri, Bhela, Niljee, and Larka etc.
'''Nuapada''' is a district in [[Odisha]] state in [[India]]. [[Nuapada]] town is the headquarters of the district. It has 1 Subdivision: [[Nuapada]]; five blocks: [[Khariar]], [[Sinapali]], [[Boden Block|Boden]], [[Komna, Nuapada|Komna]], and [[Nuapada]]. Nuapada District has 3 [[Notified Area Council]]s: [[Khariar]], [[Khariar Road]], and [[Nuapada]]; and 6 [[tehsil]]s.
 
==History==
The district of Nuapada was a part of [[Kalahandi district]] until early March 1993, but for administrative convenience, Kalahandi District was divided into two parts — Kalahandi and Nuapada vide State Government Notification No. DRC-44/93/14218/R dated 27 March 1993. Nuapada District now comprises one sub-division Nuapada, six [[tehsil]]s (Nuapada, Komana, Khariar, Sinapalli, Boden and jonk) and five community development blocks (Khariar, Sinapalli, Boden, Nuapada and Komna).It is believed that the District of Kalahandi formed in ancient time a part of Mahakantara territory. During 4th century CE, when [[Samudragupta|Samudra Gupta]] led his campaign through this region a king named Vyaghraraja was ruling over Mahakantara. After Vyaghraraja, the [[Nala dynasty|Nala]] kings like Bhavadatta Varman, Arthapati and Skanda Varman ruled over this region up to about 500 CE.


== Major cities, towns, and villages ==
In the 6th century CE a new kingdom developed in the Kalahandi tract under King Tustikara, but very little is known about other kings of his family. The Nuapada area was by that time under the kings of Sarabhapuriya dynasty whose copper plate record and gold coins are available. This region came under the occupation of the [[Somavamshi dynasty|Somavamsis]] of South Kosala during the 8th century CE when Mahaivagupta Balarjuna was ruling from his headquarters at Sripur.
* [[Khariar]]
 
* [[Sinapali]]
In the 9th century CE when the Somavamsis were ousted from the Sripur region and organized a new kingdom in Sonepur-Sambalpur tract, the Kalahandi portion continued to be under their rule. In fact, Mahabhabagupta Janamejaya occupied the Trikalinga territory (Koraput area) through Kalahandi. In the middle of the 10th century CE the Somavamsi dominion embraced the whole of Orissa under Yayati II Mahasivagupta. His son Udyotakesari divided this dominion and placed the western part (Kosala) under the rule of a collateral branch. Kalahandi was included in the Kosala kingdom the capital of which was Jajatinagar near Sonepur.
* [[Khariar Road]]
 
* [[Bargaon, Odisha]]
The rule of the Somavamsis in Kosala collapsed by the invasion of [[Rajendra Chola I|Rajendra Chola]] in 1022 CE and after that the territory came under the rule of the [[Telugu Chodas|Telugu Cholas]]. In 1038 CE Vajrahasta V of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] became powerful in Parlakhemundi region and after the death of Rajendra Chola in 1044 CE he assumed independence and occupied the hilly territory including Koraput and Kalahandi.
* [[Nuapada]]
 
* [[Sagunbhadi]]
The Gangas ruled over Kalahandi for a long period. The stone inscription at [[Narla]] reveals that one Madanamahadeva was ruling over Kamalmandala in 1231 CE apparently as a feudatory of the Gangas. Tradition preserved by the Durbar of [[Kalahandi State|Kalahandi]] reveals that the Nagas commenced their rule in Kalahandi from Vikram sambat 1062 or CE 1005. If the tradition is to be believed it may be said that the Nagas ruled over Kamalmandala as feudatories of the Gangas till 14th century CE after which they owed allegiance to the [[Gajapati Empire|Suryavamshi Gajapatis]].
* [[Boden Block|Boden]]
*[[Brahmanpada, Nuapada]]
* Tukla
* Komna
* Bhella
* Udyanbandh (Kureswar)
*Beltukri
*Singpur


==History==
It is not known when Kamalmandala became known as Kalahandi. The earliest reference to the name Kalahandi is found in the Dadhivaman temple inscription dated in Yugabda 4819, i.e., CE 1718. In British records this territory was called Karond. This territory assumed independence after the downfall of the Gajapatis of Orissa in 1568 CE According to tradition the Kalahandi kingdom commanded sovereign power over eighteen garhs{{which lang|date=April 2025}} before it was occupied by the [[Bhonsles of Nagpur]] in the middle of the 18th century CE In 1803 when the Marathas were defeated by the British and the coastal regions of Orissa as well as the Patna-Sambalpur group of states came under the British, Kalahandi, very probably, continued under the Marathas. The Patna-Sambalpur group was subsequently restored to Raghujee Bhonsla II in 1806. The Marathas of Nagpur became subordinate to British power after the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] in 1818. But Kalahandi continued to be under Maratha rule till 1853, when the Nagpur state lapsed to the British Crown as [[Raghuji Bhonsle III|Raghuji III]] died without an heir. The Chauhans were ruling over Khariar since about the time of [[Ramai Deva|Rama Deo]], the first Chauhan king of [[Patna State|Patna]]. In 1590 CE Gopal Ray, a scion of the Patna family became the king of [[Khariar]] and started a line of semi-independent kings in that territory. Khariar came under the Marathas in 1741 CE and the British occupied it in 1818. In 1905 when the District of Sambalpur and some feudatory states including Kalahandi were amalgamated with Orissa Division of Bengal, the Government of the Central Provinces opposed merger of Khariar with Sambalpur and in 1906 Khariar became a part of the Mahasamund tehsil. When the separate province of Orissa was formed in 1936, Khariar was added to Orissa and was made a sub-division (Nuapada sub-division) of Sambalpur District. On 1 January 1948, Kalahandi along with other feudatory states of Orissa except Mayurbhanj, merged with Orissa and on that date the new District of Kalahandi was formed with the ex-states of Kalahandi, Patna and Sonepur. On 1 November 1949, Patna and Sonepur together constituted a separate District and the Nuapada sub-division of Sambalpur was added to the District of Kalahandi.
The district of Nuapada was a part of [[Kalahandi district]] until early March 1993, but for administrative convenience, Kalahandi District was divided into two parts — Kalahandi and Nuapada vide State Government Notification No. DRC-44/93/14218/R dated 27 March 1993. Nuapada District now comprises one sub-division Nuapada, six [[tehsil]]s (Nuapada, Komana, Khariar, Sinapalli, Boden and jonk) and five community development blocks (Khariar, Sinapalli, Boden, Nuapada and Komna).


==Geography==
==Geography==
Nuapada district is in the western part of Odisha, lying between latitude 20° 0' N and 21° 5' and between longitude 82° 20' E and 82° 40' E. Its boundaries extend in the north, west and south to [[Mahasamund district]] in [[Chhattisgarh]] and in the east to [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]], [[Balangir district|Balangir]] and [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]] districts. The district has an area of 3407.5&nbsp;km² and the administrative headquarters is located at Nuapada.
Nuapada district is in the western part of Odisha, lying between latitude 20° 0' N and 21° 5' and between longitude 82° 20' E and 82° 40' E. Its boundaries extend in the north, west and south to [[Mahasamund district]] in [[Chhattisgarh]] and in the east to [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]], [[Balangir district|Balangir]] and [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]] districts. The district has an area of 3407.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and the administrative headquarters is located at Nuapada.


The plains of Nuapada subdivision are fringed by rugged hill ranges stretching southward, which belong to the main line of the Eastern Ghats and contain extensive plateaus of about 4000&nbsp;ft (1200 m) in elevation.
The plains of Nuapada subdivision are fringed by rugged hill ranges stretching southward, which belong to the main line of the Eastern Ghats and contain extensive plateaus of about 4000&nbsp;ft (1200 m) in elevation.


==Economy==
==Economy==
Due to the conspicuous absence of any industry, the economy revolves around agricultural activities. Three major irrigation projects — the Upper Jonk, the Sunder dam, and the upcoming Lower Indira Irrigation Project — provide support to 45,000 acres of land. Rice is the main crop in the entire district. Other crops like corn (maize), cotton, and onion make up a major share of crops under cultivation. More than 10,000 households migrate to other states in search of better employment opportunities every year after the harvesting season is over. Though the district is tops in MGNREGS implementation, the advance provided by labor contractors before Nuakhai festival lure ignorant laborers into the plot. Due to unregistered and uninformed migration, protection of migrant laborers has become a challenge to the government. In 2006, the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Nuapada one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF)]].<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>
Due to the conspicuous absence of any industry, the economy revolves around agricultural activities. Three major irrigation projects — the Upper Jonk, the Sunder dam, and the upcoming Lower Indira Irrigation Project — provide support to 45,000 acres of land. Rice is the main crop in the entire district. Other crops like corn (maize), cotton, and onion make up a major share of crops under cultivation. More than 10,000 households migrate to other states in search of better employment opportunities every year after the harvesting season is over. Though the district is tops in MGNREGS implementation, the advance provided by labor contractors before Nuakhai festival lure ignorant laborers into the plot. Due to unregistered and uninformed migration, protection of migrant laborers has become a challenge to the government. In 2006, the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Nuapada one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> it is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF)]].<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,22,559|13=1911|14=1,47,489|15=1921|16=1,50,180|17=1931|18=1,78,787|19=1941|20=2,03,379|21=1951|22=2,19,850|23=1961|24=2,67,272|25=1971|26=3,38,894|27=1981|28=3,92,683|29=1991|30=4,69,482|31=2001|32=5,30,690|33=2011|34=6,10,382|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}


In the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Indian census]], Nuapada district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 610,382.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Solomon Islands]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Solomon Islands 571,890 July 2011 est.
{{bar box
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Wyoming]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Wyoming 563,626}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 524th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 157 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.28%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Nuapada has a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 1020 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 58.2%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
|title=Religions in Nuapada district (2011)<ref name="census2011-religion">{{cite web|title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Odisha|Hinduism]]|darkorange|98.48}}
{{bar percent|[[Odia Muslims|Islam]]|green|0.81}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.71}}
}}


At the time of the 2011 census, 58.02% of the population in the district spoke [[Odia language|Odia]], 23.72% [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]], 15.04% [[Chhattisgarhi]] and 1.68% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
In the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Indian census]], Nuapada district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 610,382.<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 - Nuapada|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/962/download/36716/DH_2011_2125_PART_A_DCHB_NUAPADA.pdf|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Solomon Islands]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Solomon Islands 571,890 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[Wyoming]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Wyoming 563,626}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 524th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|157|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.28%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Nuapada has a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 1020 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 58.2%. 4.99% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.46% and 33.80% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>
 
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,22,559|13=1911|14=1,47,489|15=1921|16=1,50,180|17=1931|18=1,78,787|19=1941|20=2,03,379|21=1951|22=2,19,850|23=1961|24=2,67,272|25=1971|26=3,38,894|27=1981|28=3,92,683|29=1991|30=4,69,482|31=2001|32=5,30,690|33=2011|34=6,10,382|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}


{{Pie chart
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Nuapada district in 2011 census
|caption = Languages of Nuapada district (2011)<ref name="census2011-langreport"/>
| label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value1 = 58.02 |color1 = saddlebrown
| value1 = 58.02
|label2 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]] |value2 = 23.72 |color2 = Yellow
| color1 = gold
|label3 = [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] |value3 = 15.04 |color3 = peachpuff
| label2 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]]
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 1.68 |color4 = orange
| value2 = 23.72
|label5 = Others |value5 = 1.54 |color5 = grey
| color2 = khaki
| label3 = [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]]
| value3 = 15.04
| color3 = maroon
| label4 = [[Hindi]]
| value4 = 1.68
| color4 = orange
| label5 = Others
| value5 = 1.54
| color5 = Grey
}}
}}


At the time of the 2011 census, 58.02% of the population in the district spoke [[Odia language|Odia]], 23.72% [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]], 15.04% [[Chhattisgarhi]] and 1.68% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10217/download/13329/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX|website=Census of India 2011 |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>


==Politics==
==Politics==
===Vidhan Sabha constituencies===
===Vidhan Sabha constituencies===
{{main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
{{main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
Nuapada district is part of [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency]]. The MP of Kalahandi is [[Basanta Kumar Panda]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].
Nuapada district is part of [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency]]. The MP of Kalahandi is [[Malvika Devi]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].


The following are the two [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref> of Nuapada district and the elected members<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly |work=ws.ori.nic.in |quote=MEMBER NAME |access-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |archive-date=2 May 2007  }}</ref> of that area.
The following are the two [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref> of Nuapada district and the elected members<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly |work=ws.ori.nic.in |quote=MEMBER NAME |access-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |archive-date=2 May 2007  }}</ref> of that area.


{| class="wikitable sortable"
== Major cities, towns, and villages ==
|-
* [[Nuapada]]
!No.
* [[Khariar]]
!Constituency
* [[Khariar Road]]
!Reservation
* [[Sinapali]]
!Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks)
* [[Komna, Nuapada|Komna]]
!Member of 14th Assembly
* [[Boden Block|Boden]]
![[Political party|Party]]
* [[Gandabahali]]
|-
[[File:Shiv Temple Gandabahali Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|upright|   ''Shiv Temple, [[Gandabahali]]'']]
!71
* [[Hatibandha]]
|[[Nuapada (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuapada]]
*[[Brahmanpada, Nuapada]]
|None
* Tukula
|Nuapada, Komna, Khariar Road (NAC)
* Udyanbandha
| Rajendra Dholkia
| bgcolor="#006400" | [[Biju Janata Dal|<span style="color:white;">BJD</span>]]
|-
!72
|[[Khariar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khariar]]
|None
|Boden, Sinapalli, Khariar, Khariar (NAC)
| Adhiraj Panigrahi
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |  [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|}


==Schools and colleges==
== Notable people ==
*Mahamaya junior college, Nuapada
* [[Rajendra Dholakia]] Hon’ble Member of Legislative Assembly from [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Nuapada]]
* Khariar Autonomous College, Khariar
* [[Duryodhan Majhi]] former Cabinet Minister [[Government of Odisha]] and former Member of Legislative Assembly [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
* Model Degree College, Khariar
* [[Basanta Kumar Panda]] Former Member Parlament Lok Sabha from [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
*Delhi Public School Khariar Road - Nuapada
* [[Prayash Singh]] Indian Cricketers
*[[Kendra vidyalaya Nuapada|Kendra Vidyalaya Nuapada]]
* [[Adhiraj Mohan Panigrahi]] Hon’ble Member of Legislative Assembly from [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
*[[Navodaya Vidyalaya]] Tarbod
* [[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo|Jitamitra Singh Deo]], Present Titular Raja of Khariar. He is also a Poet and Historian
*[[Gyanjyoti kr Vidyalaya|Gyanjyoti Kr Vidyalaya]]
* [[Prayag Dutta Joshi]], Writer And Activist
*[[National High school]]
* [[Kapil Narayan Tiwari]] (1929–2022), Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]  
*[[Odisha Adarsha vidyalaya ]]- Nuapada
* [[Hitesh Kumar Bagartti]] former Member of Legislative Assembly from [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
*[[Western Odisha Residential Public School]] - Khariar
*[[Kendriya Vidyalaya Khariar]]
*[[Raja A.T High School Khariar|Raja A.T. High School Khariar]]
*[[Model School ,Badi|Model School, Badi]] Khariar
*[[Odisha Adarsha vidyalaya|Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya]] - Jhagrahi Komna
*[[Panchayat samiti Junior college komna|Panchayat Samiti Junior College Komna]]
*Panchayat Samiti Degree College Komna
*Panchayat Samiti Junior College Budhikomna - Komna
*Shree Sai Junior college Kurumpuri - Komna
*Sri Aurobindo Integral Education Centre Komna
*J.M. High School Komna
*Krishna Public School Komna
*Saraswati Sishu Vidya Mandir Komna
*


==References==
==References==
Line 204: Line 179:
|Northwest = [[Mahasamund district]]
|Northwest = [[Mahasamund district]]
}}
}}
{{Nuapada district}}
{{Nuapada district}}
{{Western Odisha}}
{{Western Odisha}}

Latest revision as of 07:07, 29 December 2025

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Nuapada.
Nuapada district
District of Odisha
Top: Yogeswar Temple, Patora
Middle: Street Market, Khariar
Bottom: Shiv Temple, Gandabahali
Location in Odisha
Location in Odisha
Coordinates: 20°39′00″N 82°49′59″E / 20.65°N 82.833°E / 20.65; 82.833
Country India
State Odisha
Established27 March 1993
Founded byGhasiram Majhi
HeadquartersNuapada
Government
 • Collector & District MagistrateMadhusudan Dash, IAS
 •  Divisional Forest OfficerKhushwant Singh, IFS
 • Superintendent of PoliceGundala Reddy Raghavendra IPS
Area
 • Total3,408 km2 (1,316 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total610,382
 • Density157/km2 (410/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialOdia, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
766105
Vehicle registrationOD-26
Sex ratio1020 ♂/♀
Literacy58.20%
Lok Sabha constituencyKalahandi
Vidhan Sabha constituency2
ClimateAw (Köppen)
Precipitation1,230 millimetres (48 in)
Websitewww.nuapada.nic.in

Nuapada district is located in the Odisha state in India, with the town of Nuapada serving as the headquarters of the district. It has one subdivision: Nuapada, and five blocks: Khariar, Sinapali, Boden, Komna, and Nuapada. Nuapada District has three Notified Area Councils: Khariar, Khariar Road, and Nuapada, six tehsils in addition to villages, such as Gandabahali, Tukla, Hatibandha, Duajher, Bargaon, Tarbod, Udyanbandh, Singjhar, Brahmanpada, Karngamal, Sarabong, Dharambandha, Lakhna, Sunabeda, Beltukri, Bhela, Niljee, and Larka etc.

History[edit | edit source]

The district of Nuapada was a part of Kalahandi district until early March 1993, but for administrative convenience, Kalahandi District was divided into two parts — Kalahandi and Nuapada vide State Government Notification No. DRC-44/93/14218/R dated 27 March 1993. Nuapada District now comprises one sub-division Nuapada, six tehsils (Nuapada, Komana, Khariar, Sinapalli, Boden and jonk) and five community development blocks (Khariar, Sinapalli, Boden, Nuapada and Komna).It is believed that the District of Kalahandi formed in ancient time a part of Mahakantara territory. During 4th century CE, when Samudra Gupta led his campaign through this region a king named Vyaghraraja was ruling over Mahakantara. After Vyaghraraja, the Nala kings like Bhavadatta Varman, Arthapati and Skanda Varman ruled over this region up to about 500 CE.

In the 6th century CE a new kingdom developed in the Kalahandi tract under King Tustikara, but very little is known about other kings of his family. The Nuapada area was by that time under the kings of Sarabhapuriya dynasty whose copper plate record and gold coins are available. This region came under the occupation of the Somavamsis of South Kosala during the 8th century CE when Mahaivagupta Balarjuna was ruling from his headquarters at Sripur.

In the 9th century CE when the Somavamsis were ousted from the Sripur region and organized a new kingdom in Sonepur-Sambalpur tract, the Kalahandi portion continued to be under their rule. In fact, Mahabhabagupta Janamejaya occupied the Trikalinga territory (Koraput area) through Kalahandi. In the middle of the 10th century CE the Somavamsi dominion embraced the whole of Orissa under Yayati II Mahasivagupta. His son Udyotakesari divided this dominion and placed the western part (Kosala) under the rule of a collateral branch. Kalahandi was included in the Kosala kingdom the capital of which was Jajatinagar near Sonepur.

The rule of the Somavamsis in Kosala collapsed by the invasion of Rajendra Chola in 1022 CE and after that the territory came under the rule of the Telugu Cholas. In 1038 CE Vajrahasta V of Eastern Ganga dynasty became powerful in Parlakhemundi region and after the death of Rajendra Chola in 1044 CE he assumed independence and occupied the hilly territory including Koraput and Kalahandi.

The Gangas ruled over Kalahandi for a long period. The stone inscription at Narla reveals that one Madanamahadeva was ruling over Kamalmandala in 1231 CE apparently as a feudatory of the Gangas. Tradition preserved by the Durbar of Kalahandi reveals that the Nagas commenced their rule in Kalahandi from Vikram sambat 1062 or CE 1005. If the tradition is to be believed it may be said that the Nagas ruled over Kamalmandala as feudatories of the Gangas till 14th century CE after which they owed allegiance to the Suryavamshi Gajapatis.

It is not known when Kamalmandala became known as Kalahandi. The earliest reference to the name Kalahandi is found in the Dadhivaman temple inscription dated in Yugabda 4819, i.e., CE 1718. In British records this territory was called Karond. This territory assumed independence after the downfall of the Gajapatis of Orissa in 1568 CE According to tradition the Kalahandi kingdom commanded sovereign power over eighteen garhs[what language is this?] before it was occupied by the Bhonsles of Nagpur in the middle of the 18th century CE In 1803 when the Marathas were defeated by the British and the coastal regions of Orissa as well as the Patna-Sambalpur group of states came under the British, Kalahandi, very probably, continued under the Marathas. The Patna-Sambalpur group was subsequently restored to Raghujee Bhonsla II in 1806. The Marathas of Nagpur became subordinate to British power after the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1818. But Kalahandi continued to be under Maratha rule till 1853, when the Nagpur state lapsed to the British Crown as Raghuji III died without an heir. The Chauhans were ruling over Khariar since about the time of Rama Deo, the first Chauhan king of Patna. In 1590 CE Gopal Ray, a scion of the Patna family became the king of Khariar and started a line of semi-independent kings in that territory. Khariar came under the Marathas in 1741 CE and the British occupied it in 1818. In 1905 when the District of Sambalpur and some feudatory states including Kalahandi were amalgamated with Orissa Division of Bengal, the Government of the Central Provinces opposed merger of Khariar with Sambalpur and in 1906 Khariar became a part of the Mahasamund tehsil. When the separate province of Orissa was formed in 1936, Khariar was added to Orissa and was made a sub-division (Nuapada sub-division) of Sambalpur District. On 1 January 1948, Kalahandi along with other feudatory states of Orissa except Mayurbhanj, merged with Orissa and on that date the new District of Kalahandi was formed with the ex-states of Kalahandi, Patna and Sonepur. On 1 November 1949, Patna and Sonepur together constituted a separate District and the Nuapada sub-division of Sambalpur was added to the District of Kalahandi.

Geography[edit | edit source]

Nuapada district is in the western part of Odisha, lying between latitude 20° 0' N and 21° 5' and between longitude 82° 20' E and 82° 40' E. Its boundaries extend in the north, west and south to Mahasamund district in Chhattisgarh and in the east to Bargarh, Balangir and Kalahandi districts. The district has an area of 3407.5 km2 and the administrative headquarters is located at Nuapada.

The plains of Nuapada subdivision are fringed by rugged hill ranges stretching southward, which belong to the main line of the Eastern Ghats and contain extensive plateaus of about 4000 ft (1200 m) in elevation.

Economy[edit | edit source]

Due to the conspicuous absence of any industry, the economy revolves around agricultural activities. Three major irrigation projects — the Upper Jonk, the Sunder dam, and the upcoming Lower Indira Irrigation Project — provide support to 45,000 acres of land. Rice is the main crop in the entire district. Other crops like corn (maize), cotton, and onion make up a major share of crops under cultivation. More than 10,000 households migrate to other states in search of better employment opportunities every year after the harvesting season is over. Though the district is tops in MGNREGS implementation, the advance provided by labor contractors before Nuakhai festival lure ignorant laborers into the plot. Due to unregistered and uninformed migration, protection of migrant laborers has become a challenge to the government. In 2006, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Nuapada one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[2] it is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[2]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901122,559—    
1911147,489+1.87%
1921150,180+0.18%
1931178,787+1.76%
1941203,379+1.30%
1951219,850+0.78%
1961267,272+1.97%
1971338,894+2.40%
1981392,683+1.48%
1991469,482+1.80%
2001530,690+1.23%
2011610,382+1.41%
source:[3]
Religions in Nuapada district (2011)[4]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 98.48%
Islam
 
 0.81%
Other or not stated
 
 0.71%

In the 2011 Indian census, Nuapada district had a population of 610,382.[1] roughly equal to the nation of Solomon Islands[5] or the US state of Wyoming.[6] This gives it a ranking of 524th in India (out of a total of 640).[1] The district has a population density of 157 inhabitants per square kilometre (410/sq mi).[1] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.28%.[1] Nuapada has a sex ratio of 1020 females for every 1000 males,[1] and a literacy rate of 58.2%. 4.99% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.46% and 33.80% of the population respectively.[1]

Languages of Nuapada district (2011)[7]

  Odia (58.02%)
  Sambalpuri (23.72%)
  Chhattisgarhi (15.04%)
  Hindi (1.68%)
  Others (1.54%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 58.02% of the population in the district spoke Odia, 23.72% Sambalpuri, 15.04% Chhattisgarhi and 1.68% Hindi as their first language.[7]

Politics[edit | edit source]

Vidhan Sabha constituencies[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha

Nuapada district is part of Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency. The MP of Kalahandi is Malvika Devi from the BJP.

The following are the two Vidhan Sabha constituencies[8][9] of Nuapada district and the elected members[10] of that area.

Major cities, towns, and villages[edit | edit source]

Shiv Temple, Gandabahali

Notable people[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "District Census Handbook 2011 - Nuapada" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  3. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  4. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha". Census of India, 2011. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  5. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Solomon Islands 571,890 July 2011 est.
  6. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Wyoming 563,626
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha". Census of India 2011. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  8. ↑ Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent
  9. ↑ Seats of Odisha
  10. ↑ "List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly". ws.ori.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2013. MEMBER NAME

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Nuapada district

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