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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Sanghol | | name = Sanghol | ||
| native_name = | | native_name = | ||
| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
| other_name = Ucha | | other_name = Ucha Pind | ||
| nickname = | | nickname = | ||
| settlement_type = village | | settlement_type = village | ||
| Line 17: | Line 16: | ||
| pushpin_map_alt = | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|30|47|N|76|23|E|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|30|47|02|N|76|23|20|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 = Fatehgarh Sahib | | subdivision_name2 = [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]] | ||
| established_title = <!-- Established --> | | established_title = <!-- Established --> | ||
| established_date = | | established_date = | ||
| Line 58: | Line 57: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sanghol''' is a historical village located in [[Fatehgarh Sahib District]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], India | '''Sanghol''' is a historical village located in [[Fatehgarh Sahib District]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], India dating to the [[Harrapan civilisation]]. It is also known as Uchha Pind Sanghol. It is about 40 km from [[Chandigarh]] on the way to [[Ludhiana]] and approximately 10 km from [[Dholewal]]. It is of archaeological significance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_indi_punjab.asp|title=Archaeological Survey of India}}</ref> Excavations at the site have yielded coins and [[Seal (emblem)|seals]] related to [[Toramana]] and [[Mihirakula]] belonging to central Asia. A [[Buddhist]] [[stupa]] was excavated in 1968, and in February 1985 117 carved stone slabs, including 69 pillars, 35 crossbars, figures and figurines, was excavated by the experts of the [[Directorate of Archaeology]], Punjab. Scholars have said they are [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] sculptures of the [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] school of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. They are in [[Sanghol Museum]]. Some of the art pieces from this museum sometimes go on display as special exhibits at various museums around the world. | ||
Situated on the top of a mound, Ucha Pind Sanghol is spread over an area of 200 km. | Situated on the top of a mound, Ucha Pind Sanghol is spread over an area of 200 km. | ||
==Archaeobotany== | |||
Among the remains at Sanghol are several fire altars dated to the Kushan period ({{circa}} 100-300 CE), which would have been used to perform [[yajna]] fire sacrifices.<!-- Summarizing from Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, pp. 150-1 --> When excavated, the altars were full of ash and loose soil, with [[carbonization|carbonised]] plant material identifiable as including burnt grains and pulses, seeds, and fruits, as well as wood [[charcoal]].<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, pp. 150-1 --> The grains and pulses included rice (''Oryza sativa''), barley (''Hordeum vulgare''), wheat (''[[Triticum aestivum]]''), [[mung bean|mung]] (''Vigna radiata''), urad (''[[Vigna mungo]]''), [[lentil]]s (''Lens culinaris''), and sesame (''Sesamum indicum'').<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, pp. 162-3 --> These are all included in the [[Yajurveda]]'s list of twelve sacred grains to be used for sacrifices.<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, p. 164 --> Two grains of horsegram (''[[Dolichos biflorus]]'') and four grains of grasspea (''[[Lathyrus sativus]]'') were also identified among the burnt remains; based on their very small quantity, and their absence from Vedic texts discussing suitable yajna materials, the horsegram and grasspea were likely not intended to be included in the sacrifice and only accidentally ended up mixed in with the other grains and pulses that were meant to be sacrificed.<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, pp. 162-3 --><ref name="Saraswat and Pokharia 1997">{{cite journal |last1=Saraswat |first1=K. S. |last2=Pokharia |first2=Anil K. |title=On the Remains of Botanical Material used in Fire-Sacrifice Ritualized during Kushana Period at Sanghol (Punjab) |journal=Pragdhara |date=1997 |volume=8 |pages=149-81 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342096107_On_the_Remains_of_Botanical_Material_used_in_Fire-Sacrifice_Ritualized_during_Kushana_Period_at_Sanghol_Punjab |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref>{{rp|150-1, 162-4}} | |||
Edible fruits and nuts included wild jujube (''[[Ziziphus nummularia]]''), cultivated jujube (''[[Ziziphus jujuba]]''), dates, almonds, walnuts, grapes (or more likely, raisins), chilgoza (''[[Pinus gerardiana]]''), pistachio, and gular-fig (''[[Ficus glomerata]]'').<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, pp. 162 and 166 --> Chilgoza was probably then, as now, imported from Afghanistan or the Himalayas.<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, p. 166 --><ref name="Saraswat and Pokharia 1997"/>{{rp|162, 166}} | |||
Medicinal fruits and seeds included emblic myrabolan (''[[Emblica officinalis]]''), nutmeg (''[[Myristica fragrans]]''), [[tulasi]] (''Ocimum sanctum''), chebulic myrabolan (''[[Terminalia chebula]]''), khanda or phok (''[[Ephedra (plant)|Ephedra]]'' sp.), and black pepper (''Piper nigrum'').<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, p. 162 --> Of these, ''Ephedra'' is particularly important because it may represent the ancient [[soma (drink)|soma]], which held great religious and cultural importance and was [[somayajna|an important component of yajna sacrifices]].<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, p. 168 --> A few seeds of an unspecified wild sedge (''[[Cyperus]]'' sp.) also survived, but their condition was not good enough to identify a specific species.<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, p. 169 --><ref name="Saraswat and Pokharia 1997"/>{{rp|162, 168-9}} | |||
Wood charcoals included pipal (''[[Ficus religiosa]]''), gular (''Ficus glomerata''), palash or dhak (''[[Butea monosperma]]''), deodar (''[[Cedrus deodara]]''), tamal (''[[Cinnamomum tamala]]''), sandalwood (''[[Santalum album]]''), and kaith (''[[Feronia limonia]]'').<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, p. 162 --> Apart from kaith, all are mentioned in Puranic texts as recommended for use in yajna sacrifices.<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, p. 170 --> Deodar, tamal, and sandalwood are not native to the region, and would probably have been imported — deodar and tamal from the Himalayan regions, and sandalwood from southern India.<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, pp. 170-1 --> Sandalwood was historically fairly expensive, so its use at Sanghol was likely in limited amounts.<!-- Saraswat and Pokharia 1997, p. 171 --><ref name="Saraswat and Pokharia 1997"/>{{rp|162, 170-1}} | |||
==Museum== | ==Museum== | ||
{{main|Sanghol Museum}} | {{main|Sanghol Museum}} | ||
Sanghol is famed for the [[Sanghol Museum]]. It belongs to the civilisation of Harappan which is retained by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI).It has various antiques that were discovered during the excavations at Sanghol. The various sculptures of stone are the eye catching attractions of the museum which are displayed in the Upper gallery. Maps, charts, photographs, graphs and drawings are arranged chronically. It displays art forms of Kushana period (extending between 2nd and 3rd century).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holidayiq.com/Sanghol-Fatehgarh-Sahib-Sightseeing-1100-14293.html|title=SANGHOL HISTORIC PLACE IN FATEHGARH|website=SANGHOL HISTORIC PLACE IN FATEHGARH}}</ref> A large of number of relics dating from the late [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan]] civilization (1720 – 1300 BC) to 6th century AD is found here.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fatehgarhsahib.nic.in/sanghol.htm |title=Fatehgarhsahib website (govt.owned) |publisher=Fatehgarhsahib.nic.in |date=1990-04-10 |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> More than 15000 artefacts were collected from this site and majority of them are displayed in this museum. | Sanghol is famed for the [[Sanghol Museum]]. It belongs to the civilisation of Harappan which is retained by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI).It has various antiques that were discovered during the excavations at Sanghol. The various sculptures of stone are the eye catching attractions of the museum which are displayed in the Upper gallery. Maps, charts, photographs, graphs and drawings are arranged chronically. It displays art forms of Kushana period (extending between 2nd and 3rd century).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holidayiq.com/Sanghol-Fatehgarh-Sahib-Sightseeing-1100-14293.html|title=SANGHOL HISTORIC PLACE IN FATEHGARH|website=SANGHOL HISTORIC PLACE IN FATEHGARH}}</ref> A large of number of relics dating from the late [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan]] civilization (1720 – 1300 BC) to 6th century AD is found here.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fatehgarhsahib.nic.in/sanghol.htm |title=Fatehgarhsahib website (govt.owned) |publisher=Fatehgarhsahib.nic.in |date=1990-04-10 |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> More than 15000 artefacts were collected from this site and majority of them are displayed in this museum. | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
| Line 89: | Line 93: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Fatehgarh Sahib district}} | {{Fatehgarh Sahib district}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
Latest revision as of 11:09, 3 March 2026
Sanghol
Ucha Pind | |
|---|---|
village | |
  Sanghol Location in Punjab, India  Sanghol Sanghol (Punjab) | |
| Coordinates: 30°47′02″N 76°23′20″E / 30.78389°N 76.38889°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Fatehgarh Sahib |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 141128 |
| Telephone code | 01628 |
| Nearest city | Khamano |
Sanghol is a historical village located in Fatehgarh Sahib District of Punjab, India dating to the Harrapan civilisation. It is also known as Uchha Pind Sanghol. It is about 40 km from Chandigarh on the way to Ludhiana and approximately 10 km from Dholewal. It is of archaeological significance.[1] Excavations at the site have yielded coins and seals related to Toramana and Mihirakula belonging to central Asia. A Buddhist stupa was excavated in 1968, and in February 1985 117 carved stone slabs, including 69 pillars, 35 crossbars, figures and figurines, was excavated by the experts of the Directorate of Archaeology, Punjab. Scholars have said they are Kushan sculptures of the Mathura school of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. They are in Sanghol Museum. Some of the art pieces from this museum sometimes go on display as special exhibits at various museums around the world.
Situated on the top of a mound, Ucha Pind Sanghol is spread over an area of 200 km.
Archaeobotany[edit | edit source]
Among the remains at Sanghol are several fire altars dated to the Kushan period (c. 100-300 CE), which would have been used to perform yajna fire sacrifices. When excavated, the altars were full of ash and loose soil, with carbonised plant material identifiable as including burnt grains and pulses, seeds, and fruits, as well as wood charcoal. The grains and pulses included rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), mung (Vigna radiata), urad (Vigna mungo), lentils (Lens culinaris), and sesame (Sesamum indicum). These are all included in the Yajurveda's list of twelve sacred grains to be used for sacrifices. Two grains of horsegram (Dolichos biflorus) and four grains of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) were also identified among the burnt remains; based on their very small quantity, and their absence from Vedic texts discussing suitable yajna materials, the horsegram and grasspea were likely not intended to be included in the sacrifice and only accidentally ended up mixed in with the other grains and pulses that were meant to be sacrificed.[2]:150–1, 162–4
Edible fruits and nuts included wild jujube (Ziziphus nummularia), cultivated jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), dates, almonds, walnuts, grapes (or more likely, raisins), chilgoza (Pinus gerardiana), pistachio, and gular-fig (Ficus glomerata). Chilgoza was probably then, as now, imported from Afghanistan or the Himalayas.[2]:162, 166
Medicinal fruits and seeds included emblic myrabolan (Emblica officinalis), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), tulasi (Ocimum sanctum), chebulic myrabolan (Terminalia chebula), khanda or phok (Ephedra sp.), and black pepper (Piper nigrum). Of these, Ephedra is particularly important because it may represent the ancient soma, which held great religious and cultural importance and was an important component of yajna sacrifices. A few seeds of an unspecified wild sedge (Cyperus sp.) also survived, but their condition was not good enough to identify a specific species.[2]:162, 168–9
Wood charcoals included pipal (Ficus religiosa), gular (Ficus glomerata), palash or dhak (Butea monosperma), deodar (Cedrus deodara), tamal (Cinnamomum tamala), sandalwood (Santalum album), and kaith (Feronia limonia). Apart from kaith, all are mentioned in Puranic texts as recommended for use in yajna sacrifices. Deodar, tamal, and sandalwood are not native to the region, and would probably have been imported — deodar and tamal from the Himalayan regions, and sandalwood from southern India. Sandalwood was historically fairly expensive, so its use at Sanghol was likely in limited amounts.[2]:162, 170–1
Museum[edit | edit source]
Sanghol is famed for the Sanghol Museum. It belongs to the civilisation of Harappan which is retained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).It has various antiques that were discovered during the excavations at Sanghol. The various sculptures of stone are the eye catching attractions of the museum which are displayed in the Upper gallery. Maps, charts, photographs, graphs and drawings are arranged chronically. It displays art forms of Kushana period (extending between 2nd and 3rd century).[3] A large of number of relics dating from the late Harappan civilization (1720 – 1300 BC) to 6th century AD is found here.[4] More than 15000 artefacts were collected from this site and majority of them are displayed in this museum.
Gallery[edit | edit source]
-
Sanghol Ancient Stupa site info -
Sanghol Buddha in the style of Mathura -
Stupa site -
Stupa Site, part on the side -
Ancient Site -
Village Chowk -
Part of Excavation -
Museum info board -
Museum building -
Another excavation in village -
Stupa site another angle -
Info board on road -
Buddhist ancient site
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Archaeological Survey of India".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Saraswat, K. S.; Pokharia, Anil K. (1997). "On the Remains of Botanical Material used in Fire-Sacrifice Ritualized during Kushana Period at Sanghol (Punjab)". Pragdhara. 8: 149–81. Retrieved 3 March 2026.
- ↑ "SANGHOL HISTORIC PLACE IN FATEHGARH". SANGHOL HISTORIC PLACE IN FATEHGARH.
- ↑ "Fatehgarhsahib website (govt.owned)". Fatehgarhsahib.nic.in. 10 April 1990. Retrieved 6 July 2012.