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{{Infobox deity | {{Short description|Aspect of Hindu god Shiva as the Supreme Being}} | ||
<noinclude>{{Requested move notice|1=Sadashiva|2=Talk:Sadasiva#Requested move 17 March 2026}} | |||
</noinclude>{{Infobox deity | |||
| type = Hindu | | type = Hindu | ||
| image = Sadashiva.jpg | | image = Sadashiva.jpg | ||
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| Sanskrit_transliteration = | | Sanskrit_transliteration = | ||
| Tamil_transliteration = | | Tamil_transliteration = | ||
| mantra = [[Om Namah Shivaya]] | | mantra = [[Om Namah Shivaya|Panchakshari mantra]] | ||
| deity_of = | | deity_of = [[Para Brahman]], the Supreme Being<br> Primordial - [[Ultimate Reality]]<br> God of Grace, Obscuration, [[Brahma|Creation]], [[Thirumal|Preservation]], [[Rudra|Destruction]], [[Kāla|Time]] | ||
| affiliation = [[ | | affiliation = [[Parameshvara (epithet)|Parameshvara]], [[Shiva]], [[Rudra]], [[Mahakala]], [[Pashupati]], [[Batara Guru]] | ||
| weapon = [[Trishula]] (Trident) | | weapon = [[Trishula]] (Trident) | ||
| symbols = [[Mukhalinga]] | | symbols = [[Mukhalinga]] | ||
| consort = [[Adi Parashakti]] | | consort = [[Adi Parashakti]] (according to [[Shaivism]]) | ||
| children = | | children = | ||
| abode = [[Tattva ( | | abode = [[Tattva (Hinduism)|Sadakya Tattva]], [[Mount Kailash]] | ||
| festivals = | | festivals = | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{Hinduism}} | ||
''' | '''Sadasiva''' ({{langx|sa|सदाशिव}}, {{IAST|Sadāśiva}}), is the [[King of the gods|Supreme Being]] in the [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] tradition of [[Hinduism]]. Sadasiva is the omnipotent, subtle, luminous absolute, the highest manifestation of [[Shiva]]. Sadasiva is believed to bestow ''anugraha'' and ''vilaya'', or grace and obscuration of [[Anava|pasha]], which are the fourth and fifth of the ''Panchakritya'', or the "five holy acts" of Shiva. Sadasiva is usually depicted having five faces and ten hands, and is considered one of the [[Panchavimshatimurti|''25 forms'']] of Shiva. [[Āgama (Hinduism)#Texts|Shiva Agamas]] conclude that the [[lingam]], especially the [[mukhalinga]]m, is another form of Sadasiva.{{sfnp|Srinivasan|1997|p=272}} | ||
== Representation == | == Representation == | ||
The concept and form of Sadasiva initially emerged from South India, although many ancient sculptures of Sadasiva were obtained from various parts of India and South East Asia.{{sfnp|Sharma|1976|pp=1–3}} It is believed that the cult of Sadasiva was widespread in the region of [[Bengal]] during the period of [[Sena dynasty]] who traced their origin in [[South India]].{{sfnp|Mazumdar|2008|p={{ | The concept and form of Sadasiva initially emerged from South India, although many ancient sculptures of Sadasiva were obtained from various parts of India and South East Asia.{{sfnp|Sharma|1976|pp=1–3}} It is believed that the cult of Sadasiva was widespread in the region of [[Bengal]] during the period of [[Sena dynasty]] who traced their origin in [[South India]].{{sfnp|Mazumdar|2008|p={{page needed|date=July 2021}}}} Sadasiva is usually represented in the form of a [[Mukhalinga]] with the number of faces varying from one to five. The first ever sculpture of Sadasiva as a lingam with five faces was found in Bhita, near [[Prayagraj]], and dates to the 2nd century CE.{{sfnp|Sharma|1976|pp=1–3}} His five faces, ''Ishana, Tatpurusha, Vamadeva, Aghora'' and ''Satyojata'' are known as ''[[Panchabrahma]]s'' (five creators), the emanations towards the four directions and upwards from the ''nishkala'' (formless) [[Parashiva]]. Kamiga Agama, the first Agama of 28 [[Āgama (Hinduism)#Texts|Sivagamas]] depicts Sadasiva as having five faces and ten arms. His five right hands hold [[Trishula]], [[Axe]], [[Katvanga]], [[Vajra]] and [[Abhayamudra|Abhaya]] while his five left hands hold [[Snake]], [[Citron|Matulunga fruit]], [[Nymphaea nouchali|Nilotpala]], [[Damaru]], [[Rudraksha]] rosary and [[Varadamudra|Varadam]].{{sfnp|Sivacharya|2012}} The consort of Sadasiva is goddess [[Parvati|Mahagayatri]], a form of Parvati often known as ''Manonmani'' in Agamic texts.{{sfnp|Stutley|2006|p={{page needed|date=July 2021}}}}{{sfnp|Hāṇḍā|1992|p={{page needed|date=July 2021}}}} She is sometimes depicted having two arms and residing in the lap of Sadasiva. | ||
{{gallery | {{gallery | ||
|mode = nolines | |mode = nolines | ||
|File:Trimurti_Wat_Phu_0519.jpg|Sadasiva standing midst [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]]. 10th c. CE sculpture at [[Vat Phou]], [[Laos]] | |File:Trimurti_Wat_Phu_0519.jpg|Sadasiva standing midst [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]]. 10th c. CE sculpture at [[Vat Phou]], [[Laos]] | ||
|File:Sadashiva (พระสทาศิวะ Phra Satha Siva).png|Sadashiva murti, Bangkok National Museum | |File:Sadashiva (พระสทาศิวะ Phra Satha Siva).png|Sadashiva murti, Bangkok National Museum | ||
|File:Sadashiva.JPG|A painting of Sadasiva murti, South India | |||
}} | }} | ||
== Panchabrahma == | == Panchabrahma == | ||
{{main|Pañcānana}} | {{main|Pañcānana}} | ||
According to Shaivite texts,{{which|date=August 2021}} the supreme being [[Parameshwara (god)|Parashivam]] manifests as pentads | According to Shaivite texts,{{which|date=August 2021}} the supreme being [[Parameshwara (god)|Parashivam]] manifests as pentads, rather than the [[Trimurti|trinity]] of other Hindu sects - Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. His five deeds, known "Panchakrityas" (five holy acts), are assigned to ''Panchamurti'', his five aspects, viz., [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]], [[Rudra]], [[Mahesvara]] and Sadasiva (Mahesvara and Sadashiva are forms of Shiva, Rudra is also refers as Shiva ). Creation, Preservation, Destruction, Obscuration and Grace are done by these five manifestations respectively. The five faces of Parashiva which emanate these five aspects are praised as "Panchabrahmas", the five creators or the five realities). The Panchamurtis of Shaivism are absorbed within Shaktism and named as "Panchapreta" (five bodies).{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | ||
=== Five faces === | === Five faces === | ||
The five faces of Sadasiva are sometimes identified with Mahadeva, [[Parvati]], [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]], [[Bhairava]] and Sadasiva himself.{{sfnp|Rao|1988|p={{ | The five faces of Sadasiva are sometimes identified with Mahadeva, [[Parvati]], [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]], [[Bhairava]] and Sadasiva himself.{{sfnp|Rao|1988|p={{page needed|date=July 2021}}}} The ten arms of Sadasiva represent the ten directions.{{sfnp|Hāṇḍā|1992|p={{page needed|date=July 2021}}}} Another variation of Sadasiva later evolved into another form of Shiva known as Mahasadasiva, in which Shiva is depicted with twenty-five heads with {{citation needed span|seventy-five eyes|date=August 2021}} and fifty arms. Given accounts relating to Sadasiva are collected from Kamika Agamam{{sfnp|Sivacharya|2012}} and Vishnudharmottara Purana.{{sfnp|Sharma|1976|pp=1–3}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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*{{cite book|first=C. V. Ramachandra |last=Rao |title=Siva-Mahesa (Sadasiva) Murti of Bhairavakona: an iconographical study |year=1988 |publisher=Manasa Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwRFAQAAIAAJ}} | *{{cite book|first=C. V. Ramachandra |last=Rao |title=Siva-Mahesa (Sadasiva) Murti of Bhairavakona: an iconographical study |year=1988 |publisher=Manasa Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwRFAQAAIAAJ}} | ||
*{{cite book |title=Iconography of Sadasiva |publisher=Abhinav Publications |date=1976 |first=B.N. |last=Sharma |isbn=978-8170170372}} | *{{cite book |title=Iconography of Sadasiva |publisher=Abhinav Publications |date=1976 |first=B.N. |last=Sharma |isbn=978-8170170372}} | ||
* {{cite web |first=S.P. Sabharathanam |last=Sivacharya |title=Kamika Agama Uttara Pada |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/view/kamika-agama-uttara-pada-part-2 |website=Hmalayan Academy |year=2012 |access-date=28 September 2017}} | * {{cite web |first=S.P. Sabharathanam |last=Sivacharya |title=Kamika Agama Uttara Pada |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/view/kamika-agama-uttara-pada-part-2 |website=Hmalayan Academy |year=2012 |access-date=28 September 2017 |archive-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616172501/https://www.himalayanacademy.com/view/kamika-agama-uttara-pada-part-2 |url-status=dead }} | ||
*{{cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=Dorin |title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art |year=1997| publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004107588}} | *{{cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=Dorin |title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art |year=1997| publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004107588}} | ||
*{{cite book |first=Margaret |last=Stutley |title=Hindu Deities: A Mythological Dictionary with Illustrations |year=2006 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=978-8121511643}} | *{{cite book |first=Margaret |last=Stutley |title=Hindu Deities: A Mythological Dictionary with Illustrations |year=2006 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=978-8121511643}} | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*{{Commons category inline|Sadashiva}} | *{{Commons category-inline|Sadashiva}} | ||
[[Category:Forms of Shiva]] | [[Category:Forms of Shiva]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:07, 17 March 2026
Template:Requested move notice
| Sadasiva | |
|---|---|
Para Brahman, the Supreme Being Primordial - Ultimate Reality God of Grace, Obscuration, Creation, Preservation, Destruction, Time | |
 Sadasiva from West Bengal. 11th c. CE | |
| Affiliation | Parameshvara, Shiva, Rudra, Mahakala, Pashupati, Batara Guru |
| Abode | Sadakya Tattva, Mount Kailash |
| Mantra | Panchakshari mantra |
| Weapon | Trishula (Trident) |
| Symbols | Mukhalinga |
| Consort | Adi Parashakti (according to Shaivism) |
| Part of a series on |
| Hinduism |
|---|
 |
Sadasiva (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Sadāśiva), is the Supreme Being in the Shaiva Siddhanta tradition of Hinduism. Sadasiva is the omnipotent, subtle, luminous absolute, the highest manifestation of Shiva. Sadasiva is believed to bestow anugraha and vilaya, or grace and obscuration of pasha, which are the fourth and fifth of the Panchakritya, or the "five holy acts" of Shiva. Sadasiva is usually depicted having five faces and ten hands, and is considered one of the 25 forms of Shiva. Shiva Agamas conclude that the lingam, especially the mukhalingam, is another form of Sadasiva.[1]
Representation[edit | edit source]
The concept and form of Sadasiva initially emerged from South India, although many ancient sculptures of Sadasiva were obtained from various parts of India and South East Asia.[2] It is believed that the cult of Sadasiva was widespread in the region of Bengal during the period of Sena dynasty who traced their origin in South India.[3] Sadasiva is usually represented in the form of a Mukhalinga with the number of faces varying from one to five. The first ever sculpture of Sadasiva as a lingam with five faces was found in Bhita, near Prayagraj, and dates to the 2nd century CE.[2] His five faces, Ishana, Tatpurusha, Vamadeva, Aghora and Satyojata are known as Panchabrahmas (five creators), the emanations towards the four directions and upwards from the nishkala (formless) Parashiva. Kamiga Agama, the first Agama of 28 Sivagamas depicts Sadasiva as having five faces and ten arms. His five right hands hold Trishula, Axe, Katvanga, Vajra and Abhaya while his five left hands hold Snake, Matulunga fruit, Nilotpala, Damaru, Rudraksha rosary and Varadam.[4] The consort of Sadasiva is goddess Mahagayatri, a form of Parvati often known as Manonmani in Agamic texts.[5][6] She is sometimes depicted having two arms and residing in the lap of Sadasiva.
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Panchabrahma[edit | edit source]
According to Shaivite texts,[which?] the supreme being Parashivam manifests as pentads, rather than the trinity of other Hindu sects - Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. His five deeds, known "Panchakrityas" (five holy acts), are assigned to Panchamurti, his five aspects, viz., Brahma, Vishnu, Rudra, Mahesvara and Sadasiva (Mahesvara and Sadashiva are forms of Shiva, Rudra is also refers as Shiva ). Creation, Preservation, Destruction, Obscuration and Grace are done by these five manifestations respectively. The five faces of Parashiva which emanate these five aspects are praised as "Panchabrahmas", the five creators or the five realities). The Panchamurtis of Shaivism are absorbed within Shaktism and named as "Panchapreta" (five bodies).[citation needed]
Five faces[edit | edit source]
The five faces of Sadasiva are sometimes identified with Mahadeva, Parvati, Nandi, Bhairava and Sadasiva himself.[7] The ten arms of Sadasiva represent the ten directions.[6] Another variation of Sadasiva later evolved into another form of Shiva known as Mahasadasiva, in which Shiva is depicted with twenty-five heads with seventy-five eyes[citation needed] and fifty arms. Given accounts relating to Sadasiva are collected from Kamika Agamam[4] and Vishnudharmottara Purana.[2]
References[edit | edit source]
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Srinivasan (1997), p. 272.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Sharma (1976), pp. 1–3.
- ↑ Mazumdar (2008), p. [page needed].
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sivacharya (2012).
- ↑ Stutley (2006), p. [page needed].
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hāṇḍā (1992), p. [page needed].
- ↑ Rao (1988), p. [page needed].
Works cited[edit | edit source]
- Hāṇḍā, Omacanda (1992). Śiva in art: a study of Śaiva iconography and miniatures. Indus Pub. House.
- Mazumdar, Bijay Chandra (2008). The History of the Bengali Language. Read Books. ISBN 978-1443767507.
- Rao, C. V. Ramachandra (1988). Siva-Mahesa (Sadasiva) Murti of Bhairavakona: an iconographical study. Manasa Publications.
- Sharma, B.N. (1976). Iconography of Sadasiva. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-8170170372.
- Sivacharya, S.P. Sabharathanam (2012). "Kamika Agama Uttara Pada". Hmalayan Academy. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
- Srinivasan, Dorin (1997). Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art. Brill. ISBN 978-9004107588.
- Stutley, Margaret (2006). Hindu Deities: A Mythological Dictionary with Illustrations. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 978-8121511643.