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{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Aligarh district|the 2015 Hindi film|Aligarh (film)}}
{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Aligarh district|the 2015 Hindi film|Aligarh (film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name              = Aligarh
| name              = Aligarh
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| image_style              =  
| image_style              =  
| perrow                  = 2/2/2
| perrow                  = 2/2/2
| image1                  = AMU Masjid - panoramio.jpg
| image1                   = Wisdom_public_school.jpg
| image2                   = Aligarh_Clock_Tower.jpg
| image2                   = AMU Masjid - panoramio.jpg
| image3                   = Bab E Syed - panoramio.jpg
| image3                   = Aligarh clock house.jpg
| image4                   = Church of ascension.jpg
| image4                   = Bab E Syed - panoramio.jpg
|image5 = Aligarh Habitat Center.jpg
| image5                   = Church of ascension.jpg
|image6 = Kennedy House.jpg
|image6 = Aligarh Habitat Center.jpg
|image7 = Kennedy House.jpg
}}
}}
| image_caption      = From top, left to right: [[Sir Syed Mosque]]; [[Aligarh Clock Tower]];, Bab-e-Syed, Church of Ascension; Aligarh Habitat Centre; Kennedy House Complex, which houses Aligarh's Cultural Education Center
| image_caption      = From top, left to right: [[Sir Syed Mosque]]; [[Aligarh Clock Tower]]; Bab-e-Syed, Church of Ascension; Aligarh Habitat Centre; Kennedy House Complex
| pushpin_map        = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map        = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_label_position = right
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| subdivision_name2  = [[Aligarh division|Aligarh]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Aligarh division|Aligarh]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]]
| established_title  = <!-- Established -->
| established_title  = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;
| established_date  = 1753 as Aligarh
| established_date  = 1753 as Aligarh
| named_for          =  
| named_for          =  
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| governing_body    = [[Aligarh Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body    = [[Aligarh Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title      = [[Mayor]]
| leader_title      = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Prashant Singhal ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/bjp-dominates-municipal-elections-wins-aligarh-mayor-seat-by-a-massive-margin-of-over-50-000-votes-101684006436050.html|title=BJP wrests Aligarh, continues winning streak in Agra|work=Hindustan Times|date=14 May 2023 |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
| leader_name        = Prashant Singhal ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/bjp-dominates-municipal-elections-wins-aligarh-mayor-seat-by-a-massive-margin-of-over-50-000-votes-101684006436050.html |title=BJP wrests Aligarh, continues winning streak in Agra |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 May 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| unit_pref          = Metric
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes    =  
| area_footnotes    =  
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| population_total  = 874408
| population_total  = 874408
| population_as_of  = 2011
| population_as_of  = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011"/>
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name="Census2011"/&gt;
| population_density_km2 =  
| population_density_km2 =  
| population_rank    = 53
| population_rank    = 53
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| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=20 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]&lt;ref name="langoff"&gt;{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=20 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&amp;nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]&lt;ref name="langoff"/&gt;
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Braj Bhasha]]
| demographics1_info3 = [[Braj Bhasha]]
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}}
}}


'''Aligarh''' ({{IPA audio link|Aligarh.ogg}}; formerly known as '''Allygarh''', and '''Koil''') is a city in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Aligarh district]], and lies {{convert|342|km}} northwest of state capital [[Lucknow]] and approximately {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=}} southeast of the capital, [[New Delhi]]. The cities and districts which adjoin Aligarh are: [[Gautam Buddha Nagar district|Gautam Buddha Nagar]], [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]], [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]], [[Badaun district|Badaun]], [[Kasganj district|Kasganj]], [[Hathras district|Hathras]], [[Etah district|Etah]] and [[Mathura district|Mathura]]. As of 2011, Aligarh is the [[List of cities in India by population|53rd]] most populous city in [[India]].
'''Aligarh''' ({{IPA|hi|əliːgəɽʱ}}; formerly known as '''Koil'''&lt;ref name="Chandra"&gt;{{Cite book |author=Satish Chandra |author-link=Satish Chandra (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&amp;pg=PA27 |title=Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-12411-064-5 |volume=1 |pages=27 |quote=The areas of Meerut, Baran (modern Buland sher) and Koil (modern Aligarh) in upper doab had been under the control of Dor Rajputs, had been occupied by the Turks shortly after the battle of Tarain}}&lt;/ref&gt;) is a city in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Aligarh district]] and lies {{convert|342|km}} northwest of state capital [[Lucknow]] and approximately {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=}} southeast of the capital, [[New Delhi]]. The cities and districts which adjoin Aligarh are: [[Gautam Buddha Nagar district|Gautam Buddha Nagar]], [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]], [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]], [[Badaun district|Badaun]], [[Kasganj district|Kasganj]], [[Hathras district|Hathras]], [[Etah district|Etah]] and [[Mathura district|Mathura]], as well as [[Palwal district]] of [[Haryana]]. As of 2011, Aligarh is the [[List of cities in India by population|53rd]] most populous city in [[India]].{{cn|date=April 2025}}


The [[recorded history]] of Aligarh begins with the establishment of the [[Aligarh Fort]] in the 16th century. It is notable as the seat of [[Aligarh Muslim University]], which was founded here as Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, initiating the [[Aligarh Movement]].
The [[recorded history]] of Aligarh begins in the 12th century, under the name Kol.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kol to Aligarh to Harigarh: Name-Changing Moments of the UP District {{!}} 12th Century to 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/india/kol-to-aligarh-to-harigarh-the-name-changing-moments-of-uttar-pradesh-district-12th-century-to-2023-8653770.html |access-date=11 April 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kol was a major city of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Mughal Empire]], serving as both a political and economic centre. Beginning with a major rebuilding of the [[Aligarh Fort]] in the 16th century, the city was renamed several times before eventually settling on the current name, Aligarh, in the mid-1700s. It is notable as the seat of [[Aligarh Muslim University]], which was founded here as [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College|Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] in 1875, initiating the [[Aligarh Movement]].


==History==
==History==
Written references to the city commence only from 12th century onward; however, archeological records suggest that the town used to be inhabited by Jains.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Rezavi|first=Syed Ali Nadeem|date=24 September 2021|title=Aligarh or Harigarh?|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/communalism/politics-of-renaming-aligarh-or-harigarh/article36287567.ece|journal=Frontline|pages=60–62|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102010712/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/communalism/politics-of-renaming-aligarh-or-harigarh/article36287567.ece|archive-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> The area of Aligarh before the Ghurid conquest of the region, was under the sway of [[Dor Rajputs]] in twelfth century.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Satish Chandra|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)|title=Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) |volume=1|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=2004 |isbn=978-8-12411-064-5 |page=27|quote=The areas of Meerut, Baran (modern Buland sher) and Koli (modern Aligarh) in upper doab had been under the control of Dor Rajputs, had been occupied by the Turks shortly after the battle of Tarain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&pg=PA27}}</ref>
Written references to the city commence only from 12th century onward; however, archaeological records suggest that the town used to be inhabited by [[Jainism|Jains]].&lt;ref name=":0"&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Rezavi|first=Syed Ali Nadeem|date=24 September 2021|title=Aligarh or Harigarh?|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/communalism/politics-of-renaming-aligarh-or-harigarh/article36287567.ece|journal=Frontline|pages=60–62|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102010712/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/communalism/politics-of-renaming-aligarh-or-harigarh/article36287567.ece|archive-date=2 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The area of Aligarh before the [[Ghurid conquest of Khorasan|Ghurid conquest]] of the region was under the sway of [[Dor Rajputs]] in 12th century.&lt;ref name="Chandra" /&gt;


In 1194, [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] had mounted a successful invasion of the region and Hisam-ud-din Ulbak was installed as the first Muslim governor; court-historian [[Hasan Nizami]] noted Kol to be "one of the most celebrated fortresses of Hind".<ref name=":0" /> Beginning the 13th century, the place featured — as Kol or Koil — in multiple Persian (as well as non-Persian) [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultanate]] sources as a center of economic prominence esp. for production of distilled wine.<ref name=":0" />{{efn|The origins of this name is unclear; it might have been the name of the inhabiting tribe or a mythological character or a local mountain.<ref name=":0" />}} By the mid-13th century, the town commanded enough importance for (would-be Sultan) [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] to erect a minaret.<ref name=":0" />
In 1194, [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] mounted a successful invasion of the region and Hisam-ud-din Ulbak was installed as the first Muslim governor; court-historian [[Hasan Nizami]] noted Kol to be "one of the most celebrated fortresses of Hind".&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt; Beginning the 13th century, the place featured — as Kol or Koil — in multiple [[Persian language|Persian]] (as well as non-Persian) [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultanate]] sources as a center of economic prominence, especially for production of distilled wine.&lt;ref name="Chandra" /&gt;&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt;By the mid-13th century, the town commanded enough importance for (would-be Sultan) [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] to erect a minaret.&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt;


Under the Khiljis and Tughlaqs, the prominence continued unabated; it had become an ''[[Iqta'#Mamluk sultanate of Delhi|iqta]]'' by the times of [[Alauddin Khalji]].<ref name=":0" />
Under the [[Khalji dynasty|Khiljis]] and [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaqs]], the prominence continued unabated; it had become an ''[[Iqta'#Mamluk sultanate of Delhi|Iqta]]'' by the times of [[Alauddin Khalji]].&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt;


Kol is mentioned in [[Ibn Battuta]]'s ''[[Rihla]]'', when Ibn Battuta, along with 15 ambassadors representing [[Toghon Temür|Ukhaantu Khan]], emperor of the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] Chinese [[Yuan dynasty]], travelled to Kol city en route to the coast at [[Cambay]] (in [[Gujarat]]) in 1341.<ref>The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, by [[Ross E. Dunn]], p. 215</ref> According to Battuta, it would appear that the district was then in a very disturbed state since the escort of the Emperor's embassy had to assist in relieving [[Jalali, Uttar Pradesh|Jalali]] from an attacking body of Hindus and lost an officer in the fight. Ibn Batuta calls Kol "a fine town surrounded by mango groves". From these same groves the environs of Kol would appear to have acquired the name ''Sabzabad'' or "the green country".{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
===Battle of Aligarh (1803)===
[[File:Gerard Lake.jpg|thumbnail|150px|right|General [[Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake|Lord Gerard Lake]] who oversaw the [[Siege of Aligarh]]]]
The [[Battle of Aligarh]] was fought on 1 September 1803 during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] (1803–1805) at [[Aligarh Fort]]. The British [[76th Regiment of Foot|76th Regiment]], now known as the [[The Duke of Wellington's Regiment|Duke of Wellington's Regiment]] besieged the fort, which was under the control of the French officer [[Pierre Cuillier-Perron|Perron]], and established British rule. In 1804, the Aligarh district was formed by the union of the second, third and fourth British divisions with the addition of Anupshahr from [[Moradabad|Muradabad]] and Sikandra Rao from [[Etawah|Etawa]]. On 1 August 1804, Claude Russell was appointed the first Collector of the new district.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O54IAAAAQAAJ&amp;q=aligarh+russell&amp;pg=PA348 |title=Descriptive and Historical Account of the Aligarh District |author=Edwin T. Atkinson |page=348 |year=1875 |access-date=13 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705125841/http://books.google.com/books?id=O54IAAAAQAAJ&amp;dq=aligarh+russell&amp;as_brr=1&amp;pg=PA348&amp;ci=131,1035,783,115&amp;source=bookclip |archive-date=5 July 2014 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt;


In the reign of [[Akbar]], Kol was made a Sirkar and included the ''dasturs'' of Marahra, Kol ba Haveli, Thana Farida and Akbarabad.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} Akbar and [[Jahangir]] visited Kol on hunting expeditions. Jahangir clearly mentions the forest of Kol, where he killed wolves.<ref name="history_of_aligarh_site">{{cite web|title=Histor11|url=http://www.aligarhdirectory.com/history.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041011105835/http://www.aligarhdirectory.com/history.php|archive-date=11 October 2004|access-date=29 July 2015|publisher=Aligarhdirectory.com}}</ref>
==Administration==
[[Aligarh district]] is divided into five [[tehsil]]s, namely [[Kol Tehsil]], [[Khair|Khair Tehsil]], [[Atrauli]], [[Gabhana]] and [[Iglas]]. These tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks.  


During the time of [[Ibrahim Lodhi]], Muhammad, son of Umar, was the governor of Kol. He built a fort at Kol and named the city Muhammadgarh, after himself, in 1524–25. Sabit Khan, who was then the governor of this region, rebuilt the old Lodhi fort and named the town Sabitgarh, after himself.
The city is administered by Nagar Nigam Aligarh (Municipal Corporation), which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by Mayor and Municipal Commissioner (PCS Officer). Infrastructure development of the city is looked after by the Aligarh Development Authority (ADA) administered by Divisional Commissioner (chairman) and vice-chairman (PCS Officer).  


The ruler of Koil was Bargujar King Bahadur Singh who, in 1753, rose against the destruction of Hindu temples. The [[Jat]] ruler, [[Surajmal]], with consent of [[Safdar Jang]], occupied the fort of Koil. Bahadur Singh continued the battle from another fort and died fighting in what is known as the "Battle of Ghasera". It was renamed Ramgarh and Rao Durjan Singh Ponia of Bijauli was made the kiledar of the fort.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Siddiqi|first=Jamal Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuwdAAAAMAAJ&q=bahadur+singh |title=Aligarh District: A Historical Survey, from Ancient Times to 1803 A.D.|date=1981|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|isbn=978-0-8364-2355-6|pages=109–112}}</ref>  When a Persian Mughal [[Shia]] commander, [[Mirza Najaf Khan|Najaf Khan]], captured Ramgarh, he renamed it and gave it its present name of Aligarh.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aligarh|first=Statistics|title=Aligarh Statistics|publisher=JR Hutchinson|year=1856|location=Aligarh}}</ref> [[Aligarh Fort]] (also called Aligarh Qila), as it stands today, was built by French engineers under the control of French officers [[Benoît de Boigne]] and [[Pierre Cuillier-Perron|Perron]].<ref name="history_of_aligarh_site"/>
The Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act-1959 is the Municipal Act under which the city is administered. [[Aligarh Municipal Corporation|AMC]] covers an area of 40 km².&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aligarh Nagar Nigam: नगर निगम चार जोन में बंटा, पहला जोन कार्यालय हुआ शुरू |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/aligarh/aligarh-municipal-corporation-divided-into-four-zones-first-zone-office-started-2023-11-04 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Aligarh News: 35 गांव शामिल होने से अलीगढ़ नगर निगम में बढ़ेंगे 20 वार्ड, चुने जाएंगे 90 पार्षद |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/up/35-villages-were-added-in-aligarh-municipal-corporation-now-20-wards-will-be-increased-sht |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;


===Battle of Aligarh (1803)===
Aligarh division has four districts : [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]], [[Hathras district|Hathras]], [[Kasganj district|Kasganj]] and [[Etah district|Etah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Administrative Setup {{!}} District Aligarh, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://aligarh.nic.in/administrative-setup/ |access-date=2025-12-19 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Gerard Lake.jpg|thumbnail|150px|right|General [[Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake|Lord Gerard Lake]] who oversaw the [[Battle of Ally Ghur]]]]
The [[Battle of Aligarh]] was fought on 1 September 1803 during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] (1803–1805) at [[Aligarh Fort]]. The British [[76th Regiment of Foot|76th Regiment]], now known as the [[The Duke of Wellington's Regiment|Duke of Wellington's Regiment]] besieged the fort, which was under the control of the French officer [[Pierre Cuillier-Perron|Perron]], and established British rule. In 1804, the Aligarh district was formed by the union of the second, third and fourth British divisions with the addition of Anupshahr from Muradabad and Sikandra Rao from Etawa. On 1 August 1804, [[Claude Russell]] was appointed the first Collector of the new district.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O54IAAAAQAAJ&q=aligarh+russell&pg=PA348 |title=Descriptive and Historical Account of the Aligarh District |author=Edwin T. Atkinson |page=348 |year=1875 |access-date=13 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705125841/http://books.google.com/books?id=O54IAAAAQAAJ&dq=aligarh+russell&as_brr=1&pg=PA348&ci=131,1035,783,115&source=bookclip |archive-date=5 July 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>


==Administration==
Aligarh is the headquarters of Aligarh Police Range and [[Aligarh Division]].
[[Aligarh district]] is divided into five [[tehsil]]s, namely [[Kol Tehsil]], [[Khair|Khair Tehsil]], [[Atrauli]], [[Gabhana]] and [[Iglas]]. These tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks.


The city is administered by Nagar Nigam Aligarh (Municipal Corporation), which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by Mayor and Municipal Commissioner (PCS Officer). Infrastructure development of the city is looked after by the Aligarh Development Authority (ADA) administered by Divisional Commissioner (chairman) and vice-chairman (PCS Officer).
As per the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the Aligarh Municipal Corporation reported a revenue of ₹365 crore and an expenditure of ₹257 crore in 2022–23. Taxes contributed to 35.1% of the revenue, with 64.9% of the income coming from other sources.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aligarh Municipal Data |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/aligarh |publisher=Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India |access-date=1 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Aligarh is the headquarters of Aligarh Police Range and [[Aligarh Division]]. A DIG looks after Aligarh for legal condition and law; a Commissioner looks for four districts of [[Aligarh Division]] (Aligarh, [[Etah]], [[Hathras]], [[Kasganj]]).


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{bar box
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Aligarh city (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|title=Religions in Aligarh city (2011)&lt;ref name="religion"&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|left1=Religion
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|float=left
|float=left
|bars=
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|darkorange|55.36}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|55.36}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Muslims]]|green|42.64}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|42.64}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|blue|0.53}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Uttar Pradesh|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.53}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.47}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}
}}
According to the 2011 Census, Aligarh has a total population of 874,408, of which 461,772 are males and 412,636 are females. Population in the age range 0–6 years is 119,543. The literacy rate is 59.15%, of which the male literacy rate is 63.42% and female literacy rate is 54.37%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Aligarh was 68.5%, of which male literacy rate was 62.9% and the female literacy rate was 70.8%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] have a population of 138,184 and 332 respectively. There were 147363 households in Aligarh as of 2011.<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Search Details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=140882 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> The city lies in the cultural region of [[Braj]].<ref name="LuciaMichelutti1">{{cite web | url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2106/1/U613338.pdf | title=Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town | publisher=London School of Economics and Political Science University of London | work=PhD Thesis Social Anthropology | date=2002 | access-date=20 May 2015 | author=Lucia Michelutti | pages=49}}</ref>
 
<gallery>
According to the 2011 Census, Aligarh has a total population of 874,408, of which 461,772 are males and 412,636 are females. Population in the age range 0–6 years is 119,543. The literacy rate is 59.15%, of which the male literacy rate is 63.42% and female literacy rate is 54.37%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Aligarh was 68.5%, of which male literacy rate was 62.9% and the female literacy rate was 70.8%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] have a population of 138,184 and 332 respectively. There were 147,363 households in Aligarh as of 2011.&lt;ref name="Census2011"&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India: Search Details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=140882 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The city lies in the cultural region of [[Braj]].&lt;ref name="LuciaMichelutti1"&gt;{{cite web | url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2106/1/U613338.pdf | title=Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town | publisher=London School of Economics and Political Science University of London | work=PhD Thesis Social Anthropology | date=2002 | access-date=20 May 2015 | author=Lucia Michelutti | pages=49}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Khalifa Daud, Aligarh.png|Sunni Muslim, Aligarh
File:Khalifa Daud, Aligarh.png|Sunni Muslim, Aligarh
File:Meer Inayut Hosein, Shiah Mahomedan, a Syud or descendant of Mahomed, Allyghur.png|Shia Muslim, Aligarh
File:Meer Inayut Hosein, Shiah Mahomedan, a Syud or descendant of Mahomed, Allyghur.png|Shia Muslim, Aligarh
</gallery>
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 
{{pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages in Aligarh (2011)&lt;ref name="Lang"/&gt;
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 81.50 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 17.20 |color2 = green
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.20 |color3 = grey
}}
 
[[Hindi]] is the most spoken language. Urdu is the second-largest language.&lt;ref name="Lang"&gt;{{cite web |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Geography==
==Geography==
===Location===
===Location===
Aligarh is located at the coordinates {{coord|27.88|N|78.08|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Aligarh2.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Aligarh |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=13 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011080051/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Aligarh2.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=live  }}</ref> It has an elevation of approximately 178 metres (587 feet). The city is in the middle portion of the [[Doab#The Doab|doab]], the land between the [[Ganges River|Ganges]] and the [[Yamuna River|Yamuna]] rivers. The [[Grand Trunk Road]] passes through it via NH-91 is 134&nbsp;km from capital of India.
Aligarh is located at the coordinates {{coord|27.88|N|78.08|E|}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Aligarh2.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Aligarh |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=13 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011080051/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Aligarh2.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt; It has an elevation of approximately 178 metres (587 feet). The city is in the middle portion of the [[Doab#The Doab|doab]], the land between the [[Ganges River|Ganges]] and the [[Yamuna River|Yamuna]] rivers. The [[Grand Trunk Road]] passes through it via NH-91 is 134&amp;nbsp;km from capital of India.


==Climate==
==Climate==
Aligarh has a [[hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh'') a little too dry to be a monsoon-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cwa''). Summers start in April and are hot with temperatures peaking in May. The average temperature range is {{convert|28|-|38|C|F}}. The monsoon season starts in late June, continuing until early October, bringing high humidity. Aligarh gets most of its annual rainfall of {{convert|800|mm|in}} during these months. Temperatures then decrease, and winter sets in December, and continues until February. Temperatures range between {{convert|2|-|11|C|F}}. Winters in Aligarh are generally mild, but 2011–12 experienced the lowest temperature of 1&nbsp;°C. The fog and cold snaps are extreme.
Aligarh has a [[hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh'') a little too dry to be a monsoon-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cwa''). Summers start in April and are hot with temperatures peaking in May. The average temperature range is {{convert|28|-|38|C|F}}. The monsoon season starts in late June, continuing until early October, bringing high humidity. Aligarh gets most of its annual rainfall of {{convert|800|mm|in}} during these months. Temperatures then decrease, and winter sets in December, and continues until February. Temperatures range between {{convert|2|-|11|C|F}}. Winters in Aligarh are generally mild, but 2011–12 experienced the lowest temperature of 1&amp;nbsp;°C. The fog and cold snaps are extreme.


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = Aligarh (1981-2010, extremes 1932-2011)
| location = Aligarh (1991–2020, extremes 1932–2011)
| metric first = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| single line = yes
Line 142: Line 153:
| Dec record high C = 32.8
| Dec record high C = 32.8
|year record high C = 47.5
|year record high C = 47.5
| Jan high C = 19.8
| Feb high C = 23.5
| Mar high C = 30.3
| Apr high C = 37.0
| May high C = 40.1
| Jun high C = 39.2
| Jul high C = 35.3
| Aug high C = 33.4
| Sep high C = 33.6
| Oct high C = 32.8
| Nov high C = 27.9
| Dec high C = 22.3
|year high C = 31.3
| Jan low C = 7.1
| Feb low C = 9.5
| Mar low C = 14.3
| Apr low C = 19.9
| May low C = 24.2
| Jun low C = 26.3
| Jul low C = 26.0
| Aug low C = 25.2
| Sep low C = 23.5
| Oct low C = 18.4
| Nov low C = 12.6
| Dec low C = 8.3
|year low C = 18.0
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = 1.7
| Feb record low C = 1.7
Line 181: Line 166:
| Dec record low C = 1.2
| Dec record low C = 1.2
|year record low C = 0.0
|year record low C = 0.0
| rain colour = green
|Jan high C = 19.1
| Jan rain mm = 13.4
|Feb high C = 23.5
| Feb rain mm = 15.4
|Mar high C = 30.2
| Mar rain mm = 9.1
|Apr high C = 37.1
| Apr rain mm = 9.8
|May high C = 40.2
| May rain mm = 29.0
|Jun high C = 38.6
| Jun rain mm = 65.8
|Jul high C = 34.9
| Jul rain mm = 207.4
|Aug high C = 33.2
| Aug rain mm = 234.5
|Sep high C = 33.3
| Sep rain mm = 112.2
|Oct high C = 32.8
| Oct rain mm = 19.7
|Nov high C = 27.5
| Nov rain mm = 4.3
|Dec high C = 22.0
| Dec rain mm = 7.2
| year high C = 31.1
|year rain mm = 727.7
|Jan low C = 7.3
| Jan rain days = 1.3
|Feb low C = 10.4
| Feb rain days = 1.4
|Mar low C = 15.0
| Mar rain days = 1.0
|Apr low C = 20.5
| Apr rain days = 0.9
|May low C = 24.6
| May rain days = 2.6
|Jun low C = 26.5
| Jun rain days = 3.9
|Jul low C = 26.2
| Jul rain days = 9.0
|Aug low C = 25.5
| Aug rain days = 10.4
|Sep low C = 23.9
| Sep rain days = 5.9
|Oct low C = 19.2
| Oct rain days = 0.9
|Nov low C = 13.2
| Nov rain days = 0.5
|Dec low C = 8.6
| Dec rain days = 0.7
| year low C = 18.4
|year rain days = 38.3
| rain colour = green
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan rain mm = 15.2
| Jan humidity = 64
| Feb rain mm = 16.5
| Feb humidity = 56
| Mar rain mm = 10.4
| Mar humidity = 46
| Apr rain mm = 12.0
| Apr humidity = 32
| May rain mm = 27.2
| May humidity = 34
| Jun rain mm = 66.2
| Jun humidity = 46
| Jul rain mm = 217.7
| Jul humidity = 67
| Aug rain mm = 216.3
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep rain mm = 107.7
| Sep humidity = 67
| Oct rain mm = 17.2
| Oct humidity = 53
| Nov rain mm = 2.7
| Nov humidity = 57
| Dec rain mm = 3.7
| Dec humidity = 61
| year rain mm = 712.8
|year humidity = 55
| Jan rain days = 1.4
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
| Feb rain days = 1.4
| Mar rain days = 1.3
| Apr rain days = 1.0
| May rain days = 2.7
| Jun rain days = 4.0
| Jul rain days = 9.3
| Aug rain days = 10.3
| Sep rain days = 5.5
| Oct rain days = 1.0
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.4
| year rain days =
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 66
| Feb humidity = 57
| Mar humidity = 46
| Apr humidity = 33
| May humidity = 34
| Jun humidity = 48
| Jul humidity = 68
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 67
| Oct humidity = 52
| Nov humidity = 57
| Dec humidity = 62
|year humidity = 72
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]&lt;ref name=IMDnormals&gt;
{{cite web
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240408025145/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| archive-date = 8 April 2024
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Station: Aligarh Climatological Table 1981–2010
| title = Station: Aligarh Climatological Table 1991–2020
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1991–2020
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| access-date = 7 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=IMDextremes&gt;
| pages = 27–28
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| title = Extremes of Temperature &amp; Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| date = December 2016
| page = M210
| page = M210
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref>
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
}}


==Economy==
==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Aligarh}}
{{Main|Economy of Aligarh}}
The city is an agricultural trade centre.<ref name="india9">{{cite web|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Aligarh-46874.htm|title=India9.com|publisher=India9.com|date=7 June 2005|access-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825080103/http://www.india9.com/i9show/Aligarh-46874.htm|archive-date=25 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Agricultural product processing and manufacturing are important.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005730/Aligarh|title=Britannica|publisher=Britannica|access-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118131848/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005730/Aligarh|archive-date=18 November 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>


Aligarh is an important business center of Uttar Pradesh and is most famous for its [[Lock (security device)|lock]] industry. Aligarh locks are exported across the world. In 1870, Johnson & Co. was the first English lock firm in Aligarh. In 1890, the company initiated production of locks on a small scale here.<ref>{{cite news|author=Pawan Jain|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Locked-out/articleshow/2601.cms|title=Locked out|date=3 June 2003|access-date=3 November 2020|website=Times of India}}</ref>
The city is an agricultural trade centre.&lt;ref name="india9"&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Aligarh-46874.htm|title=India9.com|publisher=India9.com|date=7 June 2005|access-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825080103/http://www.india9.com/i9show/Aligarh-46874.htm|archive-date=25 August 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agricultural product processing and manufacturing are important.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005730/Aligarh|title=Britannica|publisher=Britannica|access-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118131848/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005730/Aligarh|archive-date=18 November 2008|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Aligarh is famous for its brass hardware and sculpture. Today, the city holds thousands of manufacturers, exporters, and suppliers involved in the brass, bronze, iron and aluminum industries.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
Aligarh is an important business center of Uttar Pradesh and is most famous for its [[Lock (security device)|lock]] industry. Aligarh locks are exported across the world. In 1870, Johnson &amp; Co. was the first English lock firm in Aligarh. In 1890, the company initiated production of locks on a small scale here.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Pawan Jain|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Locked-out/articleshow/2601.cms|title=Locked out|date=3 June 2003|access-date=3 November 2020|website=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Indian Diecasting Industries which manufactures aluminum and zinc die-casting parts is located at Sasni Gate in Aligarh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Diecasting Industries - Manufacturer of Aluminium Die Cast Components for Automotive Industry & Zinc Die Cast Component for Automobile Industry from Aligarh |url=https://www.diecastingindia.com/ |website=diecastingindia.com |access-date=9 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Need third party WP:Independent source|date=June 2022}}
Aligarh is famous for its brass hardware and sculptures. The city has many manufacturers, exporters, and suppliers involved in the brass, bronze, iron and aluminium industries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sengar |first=Resham |date=5 March 2018 |title=When in Aligarh, do not miss these unique experiences |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/when-in-aligarh-do-not-miss-these-unique-experiences/articleshow/64465042.cms |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;


[[Harduaganj Thermal Power Station]] (also referred as [[Kasimpur Power House]]) is 15&nbsp;km from the city. [[Narora Atomic Power Station]] is located 50&nbsp;km from Aligarh.
Indian Diecasting Industries which manufactures aluminium and zinc die-casting parts is located at Sasni Gate in Aligarh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Indian Diecasting Industries - Manufacturer of Aluminium Die Cast Components for Automotive Industry &amp; Zinc Die Cast Component for Automobile Industry from Aligarh |url=https://www.diecastingindia.com/ |website=diecastingindia.com |access-date=9 June 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{better source needed|reason=Need third party WP:Independent source|date=June 2022}}


Aligarh hosts [[H. J. Heinz Company|Heinz]]-sauce manufacturing unit in Manzurgarhi, Satha sugar mill on the Aligarh-Kasimpur Power House route and a cement factory of [[UltraTech Cement]] company.
[[Harduaganj Thermal Power Station]] (also referred as [[Kasimpur Power House]]) is 15&amp;nbsp;km from the city. [[Narora Atomic Power Station]] is located 50&amp;nbsp;km from Aligarh.
 
Wave Distillery, making [[Kingfisher beer]], is located at Atrauli in Aligarh.
 
Defense Corridor also in development at Aligarh-Palwal highway near Lodha.


==Education==
==Education==
{{main|List of schools in Aligarh}}
===Universities and colleges===
Aligarh is a major educational hub, housing over 100 independent schools, colleges and educational institutions.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Notable tertiary institutions include: 
[[File:Bab-e-Sayyad.jpg|thumb|right| The main entrance gate of [[Aligarh Muslim University]], founded and centralised in 1920.]]
<!---♦♦♦ Please do NOT add schools to this list - add them to the list above ♦♦♦--->
&lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a University or college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
&lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;
* [[ACN College of Engineering and Management Studies]]
* [[Aligarh Muslim University]] campus is spread over 467.6 hectares in the city.
* [[Aligarh College of Engineering and Technology]]
* [[Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences]]
* [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
* [[Jamia Al-Barkaat]]
* [[Jamia Al Barkaat Aligarh]]
* [[Mangalayatan University]]
* [[Mangalayatan University]]
* [[Raja Mahendra Pratap University]]
 
===Schools===
&lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;
* [[Our Lady of Fatima Senior Secondary School, Aligarh]]
* [[STS School]]


== Art and craft ==
== Art and craft ==
Line 282: Line 289:
===Cultural landmarks===
===Cultural landmarks===
[[File:Church of ascension.jpg|thumb|Church of Ascension]]
[[File:Church of ascension.jpg|thumb|Church of Ascension]]
Aligarh has several popular landmarks. Most notable few of them are [[Aligarh Fort]], Jama Masjid,<ref>{{cite news |title=मुल्क की ही नहीं एशिया की भी सबसे ज़्यादा महंगी है यह मस्जिद |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/special/a-huge-quantity-gold-use-in-asia-number-one-mosque-situated-in-aligarh/644070 |access-date=6 January 2021 |work=Zee Salaam |date=21 February 2020}}</ref> Khereshwar Temple which is the birthplace of Swami Shri Haridas Ji, Dor fortress (1524), which is now in ruins, lies at the city's centre; its site is in the area now called Upper Fort (Balai Qila) and is occupied by an 18th-century mosque. The area Shah Jamal is very famous for a Sufi saint Syed Shah Jamal is also known as Shamsul Arifeen, of whom the tomb is located at Shahjamal area and surrounded by a graveyard. The Sufi Saint is mentioned by Ibn Battuta in his book ''The Travels of Ibn Battuta''. The saint is said to be of Sufi Chishtiya order.
Aligarh has several popular landmarks. Most notable few of them are [[Aligarh Fort]], Jama Masjid,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=मुल्क की ही नहीं एशिया की भी सबसे ज़्यादा महंगी है यह मस्जिद |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/special/a-huge-quantity-gold-use-in-asia-number-one-mosque-situated-in-aligarh/644070 |access-date=6 January 2021 |work=Zee Salaam |date=21 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khereshwar Temple which is the birthplace of [[Swami Shree Haridas Ji|Swami Shri Haridas Ji]], Dor fortress (1524), which is now in ruins, lies at the city's centre, its site is in the area now called Upper Fort (Balai Qila) and is occupied by an 18th-century mosque. The area Shah Jamal is very famous for a Sufi saint Syed Shah Jamal is also known as Shamsul Arifeen, of whom the tomb is located at Shahjamal area and surrounded by a graveyard. The Sufi Saint is mentioned by Ibn Battuta in his book ''The Travels of Ibn Battuta''. The saint is said to be of Sufi Chishtiya order.


The Annual Cultural Exhibition, popularly known as Numaish, is held at the exhibition ground in January and February. The land Numaish Ground was donated by [[Bhikampur and Datawali (Aligarh) State|Nawab Rehmat Ullah Khan Sherwani]]. The cultural shows take place at three grand stages (Kohinoor, Krishnanjali and Muktakash). In all, more than 150 stage events featuring artists from across [[India]] take place during a period of 28–30 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epaper.jagran.com/epaper/29-jan-2015-36-aligarh-archive-edition-aligarh-city-Page-4.html |title=Dainik Jagran |publisher=Epaper.jagran.com |date=29 January 2015 |access-date=29 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521192726/http://epaper.jagran.com/epaper/29-jan-2015-36-aligarh-archive-edition-aligarh-city-Page-4.html |archive-date=21 May 2015 }}</ref>
[[File:Aligarh Numaish Ground.jpg|thumb|Aligarh Numaish Ground]]
The Annual Cultural Exhibition, popularly known as Numaish, is held at the exhibition ground in January and February. The land Numaish Ground was donated by [[Bhikampur and Datawali (Aligarh) State|Nawab Rehmat Ullah Khan Sherwani]]. The cultural shows take place at three grand stages (Kohinoor, Krishnanjali and Muktakash). In all, more than 150 stage events featuring artists from across [[India]] take place during a period of 28–30 days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.epaper.jagran.com/epaper/29-jan-2015-36-aligarh-archive-edition-aligarh-city-Page-4.html |title=Dainik Jagran |publisher=Epaper.jagran.com |date=29 January 2015 |access-date=29 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521192726/http://epaper.jagran.com/epaper/29-jan-2015-36-aligarh-archive-edition-aligarh-city-Page-4.html |archive-date=21 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Historical places==
==Historical places==
[[File:Aligarh Fort 1.JPG|thumb|[[Aligarh Fort]]]]
[[File:Aligarh Fort 1.JPG|thumb|[[Aligarh Fort]]]]
[[File:Aligarh Muslim University Masjid.jpg|thumb|Sir Syed Mosque beside Strachey Hall, Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[File:Aligarh Muslim University Masjid.jpg|thumb|Sir Syed Mosque beside Strachey Hall, Aligarh Muslim University]]
* [[Achal Taal]]
* [[Khereshwar Mahadev Temple]]
* [[Dharnidhar Sarovar]]
* [[Shekha Jheel]], Bird Sanctuary
* [[Shekha Jheel]], Bird Sanctuary
* [[Maulana Azad Library]], AMU (Estd 1875)
* [[Maulana Azad Library]], AMU (Estd 1875)
*Naqvi Park.
* [[Sir Syed Masjid]] in [[Aligarh Muslim University]]'s campus.
* [[Sir Syed Masjid]] in [[Aligarh Muslim University]]'s campus.


===Aligarh Muslim University===
===Aligarh Muslim University===
[[Aligarh Muslim University]] (AMU) is one of the oldest central universities. It was established by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as Madrasatul Uloom Musalmanan-e-Hind in 1875–78 which later became Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (MAO College). It was designed to train Muslims for government services in India and prepare them for advanced training in British universities. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. It is famous for its Law, Medical, and Engineering College.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
[[Aligarh Muslim University]] (AMU) is one of the oldest central universities. It was established by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as Madrasatul Uloom Musalmanan-e-Hind in 1875–78 which later became Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (MAO College). It was designed to train Muslims for government services in India and prepare them for advanced training in British universities. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. It is famous for its Law, Medical, and Engineering courses.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=20 April 2024 |title=In Aligarh, the city of locks, Urdu as the key to a brighter future |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/in-aligarh-the-city-of-locks-urdu-as-the-key-to-a-brighter-future/article68087889.ece |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;


===Museums===
===Museums===
[[Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences]] maintains 'Museum on History of Medicine and Sciences' and 'Museum on Arts, Culture and Orientalism'. It was established by a family [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]] and [[Syed Ziaur Rahman]] at the heart of the city and near a busy market of Dodhpur.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/16/travel/world-medical-museums/| title =World's 10 weirdest medical museums| publisher =Bryan Pirolli for [[CNN]], Travel (24 May 2013)| access-date =17 December 2017| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170314192625/http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/16/travel/world-medical-museums/| archive-date =14 March 2017| url-status =live| df =dmy-all| date =16 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.news18.com/newstopics/ibn-sina-academy.html/| title=Ibn Sina Academy| publisher=Eram Agha for [[News18]], (5 November 2017)| access-date=17 December 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110133510/http://www.news18.com/newstopics/ibn-sina-academy.html| archive-date=10 November 2017| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences]] maintains 'Museum on History of Medicine and Sciences' and 'Museum on Arts, Culture and Orientalism'. It was established by a family [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]] and [[Syed Ziaur Rahman]] at the heart of the city and near a busy market of Dodhpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/16/travel/world-medical-museums/| title =World's 10 weirdest medical museums| publisher =Bryan Pirolli for [[CNN]], Travel (24 May 2013)| access-date =17 December 2017| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170314192625/http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/16/travel/world-medical-museums/| archive-date =14 March 2017| url-status =live| df =dmy-all| date =16 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.news18.com/newstopics/ibn-sina-academy.html/| title=Ibn Sina Academy| publisher=Eram Agha for [[News18]], (5 November 2017)| access-date=17 December 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110133510/http://www.news18.com/newstopics/ibn-sina-academy.html| archive-date=10 November 2017| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Transport ==
== Transport ==
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Aligarh Junction railway station is the primary station for Aligarh city and is a major stop on the Delhi-Kolkata route. It is an A-Class railway station. It is one of the oldest railway station of this route. It connects Aligarh to the states of [[West Bengal]], [[Odisha]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], north-east and most of Uttar Pradesh, and important stations of cities such as [[New Delhi railway station]], [[Mumbai Central]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bhopal Junction railway station]], [[Indore]], [[Jammu]], [[Gwalior]], [[Lucknow]], [[Jhansi]], [[Puri]], [[Kanpur Central railway station]], [[Etawah Junction railway station]], [[Tundla Junction railway station]], [[Agra Cantonment railway station]] and [[Varanasi]]. Aligarh railway station handles over 136 trains daily (in both directions) and serves around 204,000 passengers every day. Aligarh has one Branch Railway Line to Bareily.
Aligarh Junction railway station is the primary station for Aligarh city and is a major stop on the Delhi-Kolkata route. It is an A-Class railway station. It is one of the oldest railway station of this route. It connects Aligarh to the states of [[West Bengal]], [[Odisha]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], north-east and most of Uttar Pradesh, and important stations of cities such as [[New Delhi railway station]], [[Mumbai Central]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bhopal Junction railway station]], [[Indore]], [[Jammu]], [[Gwalior]], [[Lucknow]], [[Jhansi]], [[Puri]], [[Kanpur Central railway station]], [[Etawah Junction railway station]], [[Tundla Junction railway station]], [[Agra Cantonment railway station]] and [[Varanasi]]. Aligarh railway station handles over 136 trains daily (in both directions) and serves around 204,000 passengers every day. Aligarh has one Branch Railway Line to Bareily.
[[File:Aligarh Railway Station in the morning - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|[[Aligarh Junction railway station]]]]


Aligarh City has following railway stations:
Aligarh City has following railway stations:
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===By road===
===By road===
Aligarh is 140&nbsp;km from New Delhi. It is one of the Division of UPSRTC. Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) buses serve cities all over the state and cities in [[Uttarakhand]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Haryana]].
Aligarh is 140&amp;nbsp;km from New Delhi. It is one of the Division of Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation(UPSRTC). UPSRTC buses serve cities all over the state and cities in [[Uttarakhand]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Haryana]].


Aligarh City has three [[UPSRTC]] bus stations:
Aligarh City has three [[UPSRTC]] bus stations:
*Aligarh Depot(Old Bus Station/Gandhi Park Bus Station) bus station
*Aligarh Depot (Old Bus Station/Gandhi Park Bus Station) bus station
*Masoodabad(esta. 2000) (Budh Vihar Bus Station/New Bus Station/Workshop Bus Station/Raghuveerpuri Bus Station) Depot bus station(non-functional from 2018 to 2021)(now functioning since 2021 post renovation into a well facilitated Bus Station)
*Masoodabad (est. 2000) (Budh Vihar Bus Station/New Bus Station/Workshop Bus Station/Raghuveerpuri Bus Station/Mathura Bus Station)  
*ISBT Rasualabad Sarsaul (New Bus Station/Sootmill Bus Station)(functioning since 2018 due to sudden non-functioning of Massodabaad Bus Station during 2018-2021 period)
*Depot bus station(non-functional from 2018 to 2021) (now functioning since 2021 post renovation into a well facilitated Bus Station)
* Aligarh Satellite Bus Stand(New Bus Station/Sootmill Bus Station/Sarsaul Bus Station)(functioning since 2018 due to sudden non-functioning of Masoodabaad Bus Station during 2018-2021 period)


There are buses plying from Aligarh to Delhi at frequent intervals via
There are buses plying from Aligarh to Delhi at frequent intervals via
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Aligarh City has Mahanagar Bus Service (City Bus Service) which provides local transport to Aligarh.
Aligarh City has Mahanagar Bus Service (City Bus Service) which provides local transport to Aligarh.
*Route-1 J N Medical-Uperkot
*Route-1 J N Medical College-Uperkot
*Route-2 Gandhi Park-Sarsaul
*Route-2 Gandhi Park-Sarsaul/Sootmill
*Route-3 Ghantarbagh-Quarsi
*Route-3 Ghantabagh-Quarsi
*Route-4 Gandhi Park-Boner
*Route-4 Gandhi Park-Boner
*Route-5 Etah Chungi-Collectrate
*Route-5 Etah Chungi-Collectrate


Apart from this an Electronic Bus Service has been  running within the city since January 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2022 |title=पहली बार अलीगढ़ की सड़कों पर फर्राटा भरती नजर आएंगी "इलेक्ट्रिक बस सेवा" |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/aligarh-for-the-first-time-electric-bus-service-will-be-seen-on-the-streets-of-aligarh-3940227.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=News18 |language=hi}}</ref>
Apart from this an Air-conditioned Electronic Bus Service has been  running within the city since January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 January 2022 |title=पहली बार अलीगढ़ की सड़कों पर फर्राटा भरती नजर आएंगी "इलेक्ट्रिक बस सेवा" |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/aligarh-for-the-first-time-electric-bus-service-will-be-seen-on-the-streets-of-aligarh-3940227.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=News18 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;


===By air===
===By air===
[[File:Aligarh-airport.webp|thumb|alt=ALIGARH AIRPORT|ALIGARH AIRPORT]]
[[File:Aligarh-airport.webp|thumb|alt=ALIGARH AIRPORT|ALIGARH AIRPORT]]
The nearest international airport from Aligarh is [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], [[New Delhi]]. It is 140&nbsp;km from Aligarh.
[[Aligarh Airport]], Situated on NH 91, Dhanipur, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. It is Also known as Dhanipur Air Strip/Dhanipur Hawai Patti. This airport is also used as flying Club. The Government of Uttar Pradesh signed a memorandum of understanding with the Airports Authority of India in February 2014 for the development of the airport.


[[Aligarh Airport]], in Dhanipur, is under construction on NH 91. Dhanipur Air Strip is used as Flying Club. The Government of Uttar Pradesh signed a memorandum of understanding with the Airports Authority of India in February 2014 for the development of the airport. The land acquisition for airport will be initiated soon and after its development flight operations will be started under regional connectivity scheme.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
At this time direct flight started by the regional airline Flybig from Lucknow to Aligarh and vice versa under the RCS-UDAN scheme.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://flybig.in/documents/Flight_Schedule_Apr_2024.pdf |title=Flybig }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
The nearest international airport from Aligarh is [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], [[New Delhi]]. It is 140&amp;nbsp;km from Aligarh. Another nearest airport from Aligarh (65&amp;nbsp;km) will be [[Noida International Airport]].
 
Another airport located close to Aligarh is [[Agra Airport]] in [[Agra]]. It is about 98 kilometres from Aligarh.


==Notable people==
==Notable people==


=== Businessmen and entrepreneurs ===
=== Businessmen and entrepreneurs ===
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* [[Sheela Gautam]], founder of Sheela Foam Limited-Sleepwell
* [[Sheela Gautam]], founder of [[Sheela Foam Limited]]-Sleepwell
* [[Vijay Shekhar Sharma]], founder of [[Paytm]]
* [[Vijay Shekhar Sharma]], founder of [[Paytm]]
* [[Khwaja Abdul Hamied]], Pharmacist, founder of [[Cipla]]
* [[Khwaja Abdul Hamied]], Pharmacist, founder of [[Cipla]]
*


===Educationalists===
===Educationalists===
[[File:Faculty of Arts, AMU by Sarim Ashrafi.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Arts, [[Aligarh Muslim University]]]]
[[File:Faculty of Arts, AMU by Sarim Ashrafi.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Arts, [[Aligarh Muslim University]]]]
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* [[Ziauddin Ahmad]], mathematician, M.L.A. (Central), Vice-Chancellor of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] Movement. He established several institution including J.N. Medical College
* [[Ziauddin Ahmad]], mathematician, M.L.A. (Central), Vice-Chancellor of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] Movement. He established several institution including J.N. Medical College
*[[Roshan Ara Bokhari]], dancer, choreographer and dance teacher<ref>{{cite news |title=International Dance Day: National Performing Arts Group pays tribute to Roshan Ara Bokhari |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/84970/international-dance-day-national-performing-arts-group-pays-tribute-to-roshan-ara-bokhari/ |work=Daily Times |date=1 May 2016}}</ref>
*[[Roshan Ara Bokhari]], dancer, choreographer and dance teacher&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=International Dance Day: National Performing Arts Group pays tribute to Roshan Ara Bokhari |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/84970/international-dance-day-national-performing-arts-group-pays-tribute-to-roshan-ara-bokhari/ |work=Daily Times |date=1 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Masud Husain Khan]], linguist, the fifth Vice-Chancellor of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] and the first Professor Emeritus in Social Sciences at [[Aligarh Muslim University]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Parekh |first=Rauf |date=3 February 2009 |title=DAWN - Features; February 03, 2009 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1071962/dawn-features-february-03-2009 |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Masud Husain Khan]], linguist, the fifth Vice-Chancellor of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] and the first Professor Emeritus in Social Sciences at [[Aligarh Muslim University]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Parekh |first=Rauf |date=3 February 2009 |title=DAWN - Features; February 03, 2009 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1071962/dawn-features-february-03-2009 |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=DAWN.COM |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Syed Ahmad Khan]] founder of [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
* [[Syed Ahmad Khan]], founder of [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
* [[Shafey Kidwai]], academic, bilingual critic, translator, columnist, author, professor in the Department of Mass Communications at Aligarh Muslim University


===Writers, poets and publishers===
===Writers, poets and publishers===
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* [[A.R. Akela]], Dalit author and publisher, owner of "Anand Sahitya Sadan
* [[A.R. Akela]], Dalit author and publisher, owner of "Anand Sahitya Sadan
* [[Syed Amin Ashraf]], Urdu poet and professor of English at AMU
* [[Syed Amin Ashraf]], Urdu poet and professor of English at AMU
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* [[Maitreyi Pushpa]], Hindi fiction writer
* [[Maitreyi Pushpa]], Hindi fiction writer
* [[Gafil Swami]] (born 1953), Hindi poet
* [[Gafil Swami]] (born 1953), Hindi poet
* [[Rameshraj Tewarikar]], Hindi Tewari poet, Editor:′ Tewari-Paksha (tri-monthly)


===Historians===
===Historians===
[[File:Victoria gate.jpg|thumb|Victoria gate]]
[[File:Victoria gate.jpg|thumb|Victoria gate]]
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
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* [[Irfan Habib]], eminent Indian historian and Professor Emeritus at [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
* [[Irfan Habib]], eminent Indian historian and Professor Emeritus at [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
* [[Mohammad Habib]] (1895–1971), noted Indian historian and served as Professor Emeritus at [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
* [[Mohammad Habib]] (1895–1971), noted Indian historian and served as Professor Emeritus at [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
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===Film actors===
===Film actors===
[[File:ZHCET's View at Night.JPG|thumb|ZHCET's View at Night]]
[[File:ZHCET's View at Night.JPG|thumb|ZHCET's View at Night]]
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
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* [[Shamim Ara]], Pakistani film actress
* [[Shamim Ara]], Pakistani film actress&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://upperstall.com/profile/luminary/shamim-ara/ | title=Shamim Ara | date=5 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bharat Bhushan]], [[Bollywood]] actor, scriptwriter and producer
* [[Pooja Banerjee]], Indian television actress
* [[Bharat Bhushan]], Bollywood actor  
* [[Aadesh Chaudhary]], Indian television actor
* [[Aadesh Chaudhary]], Indian television actor
* [[Nitin Chauhaan]], Indian television actor
* [[Nitin Chauhaan]], Indian television actor
* [[Ravindra Jain]], Bollywood music director
* [[Ravindra Jain]], Bollywood music director
* [[Kanika Maheshwari]], Indian television actress
* [[Alka Nupur]], former actress, kathak dancer
* [[Alka Nupur]], former actress, kathak dancer
* [[Chandrachur Singh]], Bollywood actor
* [[Chandrachur Singh]], Bollywood actor
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===Sports persons===
===Sports persons===
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* [[Piyush Chawla]], Indian cricketer
* [[Piyush Chawla]], Indian cricketer
* [[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Zafar Iqbal]], Former hockey captain of India
* [[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Zafar Iqbal]], Former hockey captain of India
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===Politicians===
===Politicians===
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* [[Mukta Raja]], MLA of Aligarh
* [[Mukta Raja]], MLA of Aligarh
* [[Zafar Alam (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Zafar Alam]] ex-MLA from [[Aligarh (Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Zafar Alam (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Zafar Alam]] ex-MLA from [[Aligarh (Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Dalbir Singh Chaudhary]], MLA from Baruli vidhansabha constituency
* [[Dalbir Singh Chaudhary]], MLA from Baruli vidhansabha constituency
* [[Mohammad Furqan]], Mayor of Aligarh
* [[Mohammad Furqan]], Former mayor of Aligarh  
* [[Satish Kumar Gautam]], MP from [[Aligarh (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Satish Kumar Gautam]], MP from [[Aligarh (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Sheela Gautam]], ex MP and ex chairperson of [[Sleepwell]]
* [[Sheela Gautam]], ex MP and ex chairperson of [[Sleepwell]]
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===Medical professionals===
===Medical professionals===
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* [[Khwaja Abdul Hamied]], pharmacist, founder of [[Cipla]] (pharmaceutical company)
* [[Khwaja Abdul Hamied]], pharmacist, founder of [[Cipla]] (pharmaceutical company)
* [[Prerna Kohli]], clinical [[psychologist]], social worker and author
* [[Prerna Kohli]], clinical [[psychologist]], social worker and author
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=== Social activists ===
=== Social activists ===
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* [[Javed Abidi]], born with [[spina bifida]], he was an activist working for the disabled community and served as the first director of the [[National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People]] (NCPEDP)<ref>{{cite news |title=Demand made for legal recognition of sign language |url=https://archive.ph/20130126011941/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Demand-made-for-legal-recognition-of-sign-language/Article1-634161.aspx#selection-2435.0-2435.50 |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |agency=PTI |date=4 December 2010}}</ref> and founded [[Disability rights movement|Disability Rights]] in India
* [[Javed Abidi]], born with [[spina bifida]], he was an activist working for the disabled community and served as the first director of the [[National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People]] (NCPEDP)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Demand made for legal recognition of sign language |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Demand-made-for-legal-recognition-of-sign-language/Article1-634161.aspx |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |agency=PTI |date=4 December 2010 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126011941/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Demand-made-for-legal-recognition-of-sign-language/Article1-634161.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and founded [[Disability rights movement|Disability Rights]] in India
* [[Jai Kishan Das]], a close associate of [[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]]
* [[Jai Kishan Das]], a close associate of [[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]]
* [[Rajiv Dixit]], Promotor of [[Ayurveda|Yoga]], [[Ayurveda]] and Swadeshi-economics


==See also==
==See also==
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* Aligarh in My Days (Interviews of former Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University), Ed. [[Syed Ziaur Rahman]], Non-Resident Students' Centre, [[Aligarh Muslim University]], Aligarh, 1997.
* Aligarh in My Days (Interviews of former Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University), Ed. [[Syed Ziaur Rahman]], Non-Resident Students' Centre, [[Aligarh Muslim University]], Aligarh, 1997.
* {{cite book|title=Descriptive And Historical Account of the Aligarh District|first=Edward|last= Atkinson|isbn=978-1-147-42719-6|publisher=Nabu Press|orig-year=1875|year=2010}}
* {{cite book|title=Descriptive And Historical Account of the Aligarh District|first=Edward|last= Atkinson|isbn=978-1-147-42719-6|publisher=Nabu Press|orig-year=1875|year=2010}}
 
{{Subject bar|portal1=India|auto=yes}}{{Aligarh district}}
{{Aligarh district}}
{{Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Uttar Pradesh}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Aligarh| ]]
[[Category:Aligarh| ]]
[[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001]]
[[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Aligarh district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Aligarh district]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

Revision as of 12:56, 10 March 2026

Aligarh
City
From top, left to right: Sir Syed Mosque; Aligarh Clock Tower; Bab-e-Syed, Church of Ascension; Aligarh Habitat Centre; Kennedy House Complex
Aligarh is located in Uttar Pradesh
Aligarh
Aligarh
Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Aligarh is located in India
Aligarh
Aligarh
Aligarh (India)
Coordinates: 27°53′N 78°05′E / 27.88°N 78.08°E / 27.88; 78.08
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DivisionAligarh
DistrictAligarh
<!-- Established -->1753 as Aligarh
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyAligarh Municipal Corporation
 • MayorPrashant Singhal (BJP)<ref>"BJP wrests Aligarh, continues winning streak in Agra". Hindustan Times. 14 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.</ref>
Elevation
178 m (584 ft)
Population
 (2011)<ref name="Census2011"/>
 • Total874,408
 • Rank53
DemonymAligarian
Language
 • OfficialHindi<ref name="langoff">"52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.</ref>
 • Additional&nbsp;officialUrdu<ref name="langoff"/>
 • RegionalBraj Bhasha
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN Code
202001, 202002
Telephone code0571
Vehicle registrationUP-81
Websitealigarh.nic.in

Aligarh (hi; formerly known as Koil<ref name="Chandra">Satish Chandra (2004). Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526). Vol. 1. Har-Anand Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-8-12411-064-5. The areas of Meerut, Baran (modern Buland sher) and Koil (modern Aligarh) in upper doab had been under the control of Dor Rajputs, had been occupied by the Turks shortly after the battle of Tarain</ref>) is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Aligarh district and lies 342 kilometres (213 mi) northwest of state capital Lucknow and approximately 130 kilometres (81 mi) southeast of the capital, New Delhi. The cities and districts which adjoin Aligarh are: Gautam Buddha Nagar, Bulandshahr, Sambhal, Badaun, Kasganj, Hathras, Etah and Mathura, as well as Palwal district of Haryana. As of 2011, Aligarh is the 53rd most populous city in India.[citation needed]

The recorded history of Aligarh begins in the 12th century, under the name Kol.<ref>"Kol to Aligarh to Harigarh: Name-Changing Moments of the UP District | 12th Century to 2023". News18. Retrieved 11 April 2025.</ref> Kol was a major city of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, serving as both a political and economic centre. Beginning with a major rebuilding of the Aligarh Fort in the 16th century, the city was renamed several times before eventually settling on the current name, Aligarh, in the mid-1700s. It is notable as the seat of Aligarh Muslim University, which was founded here as Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, initiating the Aligarh Movement.

History

Written references to the city commence only from 12th century onward; however, archaeological records suggest that the town used to be inhabited by Jains.<ref name=":0">Rezavi, Syed Ali Nadeem (24 September 2021). "Aligarh or Harigarh?". Frontline: 60–62. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022.</ref> The area of Aligarh before the Ghurid conquest of the region was under the sway of Dor Rajputs in 12th century.<ref name="Chandra" />

In 1194, Qutb-ud-din Aibak mounted a successful invasion of the region and Hisam-ud-din Ulbak was installed as the first Muslim governor; court-historian Hasan Nizami noted Kol to be "one of the most celebrated fortresses of Hind".<ref name=":0" /> Beginning the 13th century, the place featured — as Kol or Koil — in multiple Persian (as well as non-Persian) Sultanate sources as a center of economic prominence, especially for production of distilled wine.<ref name="Chandra" /><ref name=":0" />By the mid-13th century, the town commanded enough importance for (would-be Sultan) Ghiyas ud din Balban to erect a minaret.<ref name=":0" />

Under the Khiljis and Tughlaqs, the prominence continued unabated; it had become an Iqta by the times of Alauddin Khalji.<ref name=":0" />

Battle of Aligarh (1803)

General Lord Gerard Lake who oversaw the Siege of Aligarh

The Battle of Aligarh was fought on 1 September 1803 during the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) at Aligarh Fort. The British 76th Regiment, now known as the Duke of Wellington's Regiment besieged the fort, which was under the control of the French officer Perron, and established British rule. In 1804, the Aligarh district was formed by the union of the second, third and fourth British divisions with the addition of Anupshahr from Muradabad and Sikandra Rao from Etawa. On 1 August 1804, Claude Russell was appointed the first Collector of the new district.<ref>Edwin T. Atkinson (1875). Descriptive and Historical Account of the Aligarh District. p. 348. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2011.</ref>

Administration

Aligarh district is divided into five tehsils, namely Kol Tehsil, Khair Tehsil, Atrauli, Gabhana and Iglas. These tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks.

The city is administered by Nagar Nigam Aligarh (Municipal Corporation), which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by Mayor and Municipal Commissioner (PCS Officer). Infrastructure development of the city is looked after by the Aligarh Development Authority (ADA) administered by Divisional Commissioner (chairman) and vice-chairman (PCS Officer).

The Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act-1959 is the Municipal Act under which the city is administered. AMC covers an area of 40 km².<ref>"Aligarh Nagar Nigam: नगर निगम चार जोन में बंटा, पहला जोन कार्यालय हुआ शुरू". Amar Ujala (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 19 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Aligarh News: 35 गांव शामिल होने से अलीगढ़ नगर निगम में बढ़ेंगे 20 वार्ड, चुने जाएंगे 90 पार्षद". Prabhat Khabar (in हिन्दी). 6 October 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2025.</ref>

Aligarh division has four districts : Aligarh, Hathras, Kasganj and Etah.<ref>"Administrative Setup | District Aligarh, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 19 December 2025.</ref>

Aligarh is the headquarters of Aligarh Police Range and Aligarh Division.

As per the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the Aligarh Municipal Corporation reported a revenue of ₹365 crore and an expenditure of ₹257 crore in 2022–23. Taxes contributed to 35.1% of the revenue, with 64.9% of the income coming from other sources.<ref>"Aligarh Municipal Data". Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 1 April 2025.</ref>

Demographics

Religions in Aligarh city (2011)<ref name="religion">"Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.</ref>
Religion Percent
Hinduism
55.36%
Islam
42.64%
Christianity
0.53%
Other or not stated
0.47%
Distribution of religions

According to the 2011 Census, Aligarh has a total population of 874,408, of which 461,772 are males and 412,636 are females. Population in the age range 0–6 years is 119,543. The literacy rate is 59.15%, of which the male literacy rate is 63.42% and female literacy rate is 54.37%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Aligarh was 68.5%, of which male literacy rate was 62.9% and the female literacy rate was 70.8%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have a population of 138,184 and 332 respectively. There were 147,363 households in Aligarh as of 2011.<ref name="Census2011">"Census of India: Search Details". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 29 September 2019.</ref> The city lies in the cultural region of Braj.<ref name="LuciaMichelutti1">Lucia Michelutti (2002). "Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town" (PDF). PhD Thesis Social Anthropology. London School of Economics and Political Science University of London. p. 49. Retrieved 20 May 2015.</ref> <gallery> File:Khalifa Daud, Aligarh.png|Sunni Muslim, Aligarh File:Meer Inayut Hosein, Shiah Mahomedan, a Syud or descendant of Mahomed, Allyghur.png|Shia Muslim, Aligarh </gallery>

Languages in Aligarh (2011)<ref name="Lang"/>

  Hindi (81.50%)
  Urdu (17.20%)
  Others (1.20%)

Hindi is the most spoken language. Urdu is the second-largest language.<ref name="Lang">"2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 27 June 2022.</ref>

Geography

Location

Aligarh is located at the coordinates 27°53′N 78°05′E / 27.88°N 78.08°E / 27.88; 78.08.<ref>"Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Aligarh". Fallingrain.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.</ref> It has an elevation of approximately 178 metres (587 feet). The city is in the middle portion of the doab, the land between the Ganges and the Yamuna rivers. The Grand Trunk Road passes through it via NH-91 is 134&nbsp;km from capital of India.

Climate

Aligarh has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) a little too dry to be a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Cwa). Summers start in April and are hot with temperatures peaking in May. The average temperature range is 28–38 °C (82–100 °F). The monsoon season starts in late June, continuing until early October, bringing high humidity. Aligarh gets most of its annual rainfall of 800 millimetres (31 in) during these months. Temperatures then decrease, and winter sets in December, and continues until February. Temperatures range between 2–11 °C (36–52 °F). Winters in Aligarh are generally mild, but 2011–12 experienced the lowest temperature of 1&nbsp;°C. The fog and cold snaps are extreme.

Climate data for Aligarh (1991–2020, extremes 1932–2011)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.7
(87.3)
33.3
(91.9)
41.7
(107.1)
44.8
(112.6)
47.5
(117.5)
46.7
(116.1)
44.5
(112.1)
42.1
(107.8)
40.2
(104.4)
41.7
(107.1)
36.1
(97.0)
32.8
(91.0)
47.5
(117.5)
Average high °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4)
23.5
(74.3)
30.2
(86.4)
37.1
(98.8)
40.2
(104.4)
38.6
(101.5)
34.9
(94.8)
33.2
(91.8)
33.3
(91.9)
32.8
(91.0)
27.5
(81.5)
22.0
(71.6)
31.1
(88.0)
Average low °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1)
10.4
(50.7)
15.0
(59.0)
20.5
(68.9)
24.6
(76.3)
26.5
(79.7)
26.2
(79.2)
25.5
(77.9)
23.9
(75.0)
19.2
(66.6)
13.2
(55.8)
8.6
(47.5)
18.4
(65.1)
Record low °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0)
1.7
(35.1)
3.9
(39.0)
10.9
(51.6)
15.5
(59.9)
18.6
(65.5)
19.9
(67.8)
19.9
(67.8)
14.8
(58.6)
11.0
(51.8)
2.9
(37.2)
1.2
(34.2)
0.0
(32.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 15.2
(0.60)
16.5
(0.65)
10.4
(0.41)
12.0
(0.47)
27.2
(1.07)
66.2
(2.61)
217.7
(8.57)
216.3
(8.52)
107.7
(4.24)
17.2
(0.68)
2.7
(0.11)
3.7
(0.15)
712.8
(28.06)
Average rainy days 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 2.7 4.0 9.3 10.3 5.5 1.0 0.3 0.4 38.6
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 66 57 46 33 34 48 68 75 67 52 57 62 72
Source: India Meteorological Department<ref name=IMDnormals>

"Station: Aligarh Climatological Table 1991–2020" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1991–2020. India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.</ref><ref name=IMDextremes> "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M210. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.</ref>

Economy

The city is an agricultural trade centre.<ref name="india9">"India9.com". India9.com. 7 June 2005. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2011.</ref> Agricultural product processing and manufacturing are important.<ref>"Britannica". Britannica. Archived from the original on 18 November 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2011.</ref>

Aligarh is an important business center of Uttar Pradesh and is most famous for its lock industry. Aligarh locks are exported across the world. In 1870, Johnson & Co. was the first English lock firm in Aligarh. In 1890, the company initiated production of locks on a small scale here.<ref>Pawan Jain (3 June 2003). "Locked out". Times of India. Retrieved 3 November 2020.</ref>

Aligarh is famous for its brass hardware and sculptures. The city has many manufacturers, exporters, and suppliers involved in the brass, bronze, iron and aluminium industries.<ref>Sengar, Resham (5 March 2018). "When in Aligarh, do not miss these unique experiences". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</ref>

Indian Diecasting Industries which manufactures aluminium and zinc die-casting parts is located at Sasni Gate in Aligarh.<ref>"Indian Diecasting Industries - Manufacturer of Aluminium Die Cast Components for Automotive Industry & Zinc Die Cast Component for Automobile Industry from Aligarh". diecastingindia.com. Retrieved 9 June 2022.</ref>[better source needed]

Harduaganj Thermal Power Station (also referred as Kasimpur Power House) is 15&nbsp;km from the city. Narora Atomic Power Station is located 50&nbsp;km from Aligarh.

Education

Universities and colleges

The main entrance gate of Aligarh Muslim University, founded and centralised in 1920.

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Schools

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Art and craft

Aligarh is associated with an applique and embroidery art known as phool patti ka kaam.

Locations

Cultural landmarks

Church of Ascension

Aligarh has several popular landmarks. Most notable few of them are Aligarh Fort, Jama Masjid,<ref>"मुल्क की ही नहीं एशिया की भी सबसे ज़्यादा महंगी है यह मस्जिद". Zee Salaam. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.</ref> Khereshwar Temple which is the birthplace of Swami Shri Haridas Ji, Dor fortress (1524), which is now in ruins, lies at the city's centre, its site is in the area now called Upper Fort (Balai Qila) and is occupied by an 18th-century mosque. The area Shah Jamal is very famous for a Sufi saint Syed Shah Jamal is also known as Shamsul Arifeen, of whom the tomb is located at Shahjamal area and surrounded by a graveyard. The Sufi Saint is mentioned by Ibn Battuta in his book The Travels of Ibn Battuta. The saint is said to be of Sufi Chishtiya order.

Aligarh Numaish Ground

The Annual Cultural Exhibition, popularly known as Numaish, is held at the exhibition ground in January and February. The land Numaish Ground was donated by Nawab Rehmat Ullah Khan Sherwani. The cultural shows take place at three grand stages (Kohinoor, Krishnanjali and Muktakash). In all, more than 150 stage events featuring artists from across India take place during a period of 28–30 days.<ref>"Dainik Jagran". Epaper.jagran.com. 29 January 2015. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.</ref>

Historical places

Aligarh Fort
Sir Syed Mosque beside Strachey Hall, Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is one of the oldest central universities. It was established by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as Madrasatul Uloom Musalmanan-e-Hind in 1875–78 which later became Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (MAO College). It was designed to train Muslims for government services in India and prepare them for advanced training in British universities. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. It is famous for its Law, Medical, and Engineering courses.<ref>Kumar, Anuj (20 April 2024). "In Aligarh, the city of locks, Urdu as the key to a brighter future". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</ref>

Museums

Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences maintains 'Museum on History of Medicine and Sciences' and 'Museum on Arts, Culture and Orientalism'. It was established by a family Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman and Syed Ziaur Rahman at the heart of the city and near a busy market of Dodhpur.<ref>"World's 10 weirdest medical museums". Bryan Pirolli for CNN, Travel (24 May 2013). 16 May 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.</ref><ref>"Ibn Sina Academy". Eram Agha for News18, (5 November 2017). Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.</ref>

Transport

By rail

Aligarh Junction railway station is the primary station for Aligarh city and is a major stop on the Delhi-Kolkata route. It is an A-Class railway station. It is one of the oldest railway station of this route. It connects Aligarh to the states of West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, north-east and most of Uttar Pradesh, and important stations of cities such as New Delhi railway station, Mumbai Central, Kolkata, Bhopal Junction railway station, Indore, Jammu, Gwalior, Lucknow, Jhansi, Puri, Kanpur Central railway station, Etawah Junction railway station, Tundla Junction railway station, Agra Cantonment railway station and Varanasi. Aligarh railway station handles over 136 trains daily (in both directions) and serves around 204,000 passengers every day. Aligarh has one Branch Railway Line to Bareily.

Aligarh Junction railway station

Aligarh City has following railway stations:

  • Aligarh Junction: an A-Class Railway Station
  • Somna (Gabhana) railway station
  • Mahrawal railway station
  • Kalua railway station
  • Daudkhan railway station
  • Mandrak railway station
  • Harduaganj railway station (Satha, near Kasimpur Power House)
  • Manjoorgarhi railway station (Chherat)

By road

Aligarh is 140&nbsp;km from New Delhi. It is one of the Division of Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation(UPSRTC). UPSRTC buses serve cities all over the state and cities in Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana.

Aligarh City has three UPSRTC bus stations:

  • Aligarh Depot (Old Bus Station/Gandhi Park Bus Station) bus station
  • Masoodabad (est. 2000) (Budh Vihar Bus Station/New Bus Station/Workshop Bus Station/Raghuveerpuri Bus Station/Mathura Bus Station)
  • Depot bus station(non-functional from 2018 to 2021) (now functioning since 2021 post renovation into a well facilitated Bus Station)
  • Aligarh Satellite Bus Stand(New Bus Station/Sootmill Bus Station/Sarsaul Bus Station)(functioning since 2018 due to sudden non-functioning of Masoodabaad Bus Station during 2018-2021 period)

There are buses plying from Aligarh to Delhi at frequent intervals via

1) Khair, Tappal, Palval, Faridabad, Delhi - The route is under construction between Khair and Palval and should be strictly avoided by cars. No toll charges.

2) Khair, Tappal, Yamuna expressway, Noida, Greater Noida, Delhi, Gurgaon - Best and recommended route for Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon. Toll Charges are ₹120 between Aligarh and Delhi.

3) Old GT Road, Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Delhi - NH 91 - It is a 6-lane highway. Toll charges are ₹285.

Following Highways are connected to Aligarh:

Aligarh City has Mahanagar Bus Service (City Bus Service) which provides local transport to Aligarh.

  • Route-1 J N Medical College-Uperkot
  • Route-2 Gandhi Park-Sarsaul/Sootmill
  • Route-3 Ghantabagh-Quarsi
  • Route-4 Gandhi Park-Boner
  • Route-5 Etah Chungi-Collectrate

Apart from this an Air-conditioned Electronic Bus Service has been running within the city since January 2022.<ref>"पहली बार अलीगढ़ की सड़कों पर फर्राटा भरती नजर आएंगी "इलेक्ट्रिक बस सेवा"". News18 (in हिन्दी). 7 January 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.</ref>

By air

ALIGARH AIRPORT
ALIGARH AIRPORT

Aligarh Airport, Situated on NH 91, Dhanipur, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. It is Also known as Dhanipur Air Strip/Dhanipur Hawai Patti. This airport is also used as flying Club. The Government of Uttar Pradesh signed a memorandum of understanding with the Airports Authority of India in February 2014 for the development of the airport.

At this time direct flight started by the regional airline Flybig from Lucknow to Aligarh and vice versa under the RCS-UDAN scheme.<ref>"Flybig" (PDF).</ref>

The nearest international airport from Aligarh is Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi. It is 140&nbsp;km from Aligarh. Another nearest airport from Aligarh (65&nbsp;km) will be Noida International Airport.

Another airport located close to Aligarh is Agra Airport in Agra. It is about 98 kilometres from Aligarh.

Notable people

Businessmen and entrepreneurs

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Educationalists

Faculty of Arts, Aligarh Muslim University

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Writers, poets and publishers

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Historians

Victoria gate

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Film actors

ZHCET's View at Night

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Sports persons

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Politicians

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Medical professionals

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Social activists

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See also

Notes

References

Further reading