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{{ | {{Short description|Pakistani convicted terrorist}} | ||
{{Other people|Hafiz Saeed}} | {{Other people|Hafiz Saeed}} | ||
{{Multiple issues| | |||
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{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox criminal | {{Infobox criminal | ||
| name = Hafiz | | name = Hafiz Saeed | ||
| native_name = {{ | | native_name = {{nobold|{{Nastaliq|حافظ سعید}}}} | ||
| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = ur | ||
| image = Hafiz_Saeed.jpg | | image = Hafiz_Saeed.jpg | ||
| image_upright = | | image_upright = | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = Saeed in 2019 | ||
| birth_name = | | birth_name = Hafiz Muhammad Saeed | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|6|5|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rewardsforjustice.net/english/hafiz_saeed.html|title=Wanted: Information that brings to justice Hafiz Saeed|website=Rewards for Justice|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425005043/https://rewardsforjustice.net/english/hafiz_saeed.html|archive-date=25 April 2014|url-status=live|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|6|5|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rewardsforjustice.net/english/hafiz_saeed.html|title=Wanted: Information that brings to justice Hafiz Saeed|website=Rewards for Justice|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425005043/https://rewardsforjustice.net/english/hafiz_saeed.html|archive-date=25 April 2014|url-status=live|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> | ||
| birth_place | | birth_place = [[Sargodha]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan | ||
| monuments = | | monuments = | ||
| nationality = [[Pakistanis|Pakistani]] | | nationality = [[Pakistanis|Pakistani]] | ||
| | | other_names = | ||
| | | | ||
| | | alma_mater = | ||
| | | years_active = | ||
| | | employer = | ||
| | | organization = | ||
| | | agent = | ||
| | | known_for = Co-founding [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] | ||
| | | movement = | ||
| | | opponents = | ||
| | | party = [[Milli Muslim League]] | ||
| | | boards = * [[Falah-e-Insaniat Foundation]] | ||
| | * [[Difa-e-Pakistan Council]] | ||
| | * [[Tehreek-e-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaur Sandhu|first1=Kamaljit|title=Kashmir: High alert around Uri power plant after intel inputs of possible terror plot|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kashmir-uri-high-alert-power-plant-terror-plot-nhpc/1/972218.html|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=6 June 2017}}</ref> | ||
| criminal_charge = Terrorism, | | criminal_charge = Terrorism, terror financing | ||
| conviction_penalty = | | conviction_penalty = 42-year imprisonment | ||
| spouse = <!-- Do not include unless notable or relevant to the crime involved --> | |||
| spouse = <!-- Do not include unless notable or relevant to the crime involved --> | | children = 1 | ||
| children = | | parents = <!-- (as above) --> | ||
| parents = <!-- (as above) --> | | relatives = [[Abdul Rehman Makki]] (brother-in-law)<ref name=toi_brother-in-law>{{cite news|last=Parashar|first=Sachin|title=Hafiz Saeed's brother-in-law Abdul Rehman Makki is a conduit between Lashkar-e-Taiba and Taliban|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/pakistan/31293871_1_hafiz-saeed-indian-agencies-mullah-omar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701093459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/pakistan/31293871_1_hafiz-saeed-indian-agencies-mullah-omar|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
| relatives = | | callsign = | ||
| callsign = | | awards = | ||
| awards = | | website = | ||
| website = | | allegiance = <!-- [[Lucchese crime family]] (only?) --> | ||
| allegiance = <!-- [[Lucchese crime family]] (only?) --> | | motive = | ||
| motive = | | conviction = | ||
| conviction = | | trial = <!-- Only use this if the trial is bluelinked, e.g. Mafia Commission Trial --> | ||
| trial = <!-- Only use this if the trial is bluelinked, e.g. Mafia Commission Trial --> | | trial_start = | ||
| trial_start = | | trial_end = | ||
| trial_end = | | reward_amount = | ||
| reward_amount = | | capture_status = | ||
| capture_status = | | wanted_by = [[National Investigation Agency]] of [[India]] | ||
| wanted_by = [[National Investigation Agency]] | | partners = | ||
| partners = | | wanted_since = | ||
| wanted_since = | | time_at_large = | ||
| time_at_large = | | escaped = | ||
| escaped = | | escape_end = | ||
| escape_end = | | comments = | ||
| comments = | | victims = | ||
| victims = | | date = | ||
| date = | | time = | ||
| time = | | beginyear = | ||
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| country = | | states = | ||
| states = | | locations = | ||
| locations = | | targets = | ||
| targets = | | fatalities = | ||
| fatalities = | | injuries = | ||
| injuries = | | weapons = | ||
| weapons = | | apprehended = 17 July 2019 | ||
| apprehended = 17 July 2019 | | imprisoned = [[Central Jail Lahore]], Pakistan | ||
| imprisoned = [[Central Jail Lahore]] | | module = | ||
| module = | | signature = | ||
| signature = | | signature_size = | ||
| signature_size = | | signature_alt = | ||
| signature_alt = | | footnotes = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Hafiz Muhammad Saeed''' ({{lang-ur|{{ | '''Hafiz Muhammad Saeed''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|حافظ محمد سعید}}}}, born 5 June 1950)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/sc9527.doc.htm|title=Security Council Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee Adds Names of Four Individuals to Consolidated List, Amends Entries of Three Entities|date=10 December 2008|website=www.un.org|language=en|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> is a Pakistani [[Islamism|Islamist]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-politics-jihad/charity-run-by-pakistani-islamist-with-10-million-bounty-launches-political-party-idUSKBN1AN1I5|title=Charity run by Pakistani Islamist with $10 million bounty launches political party|last=Shahzad|first=Asif|date=17 August 2017|work=Reuters|language=en-US|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/70wl2wP5T?url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-politics-jihad/charity-run-by-pakistani-islamist-with-10-million-bounty-launches-political-party-idUSKBN1AN1I5|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=bbc20120403>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-17594018|title=US puts $10m bounty on Lashkar-e-Taiba's Hafiz Saeed|date=3 April 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/70wYc5L1k?url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-17594018|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> who co-founded [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] (LeT),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1149307|title=Footprints: JuD's show of strength|author=Mahmood|first=Amjad|date=7 December 2014|website=Dawn.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209003644/http://www.dawn.com/news/1149307|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=live|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://e.jamatdawa.org/pages.php?action=menu&id=3|title=Jamaat-ud-Dawah website-Organization|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716053203/http://e.jamatdawa.org/pages.php?action=menu&id=3|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/12/un_declares_jamaatud.php|last=Roggio|first=Bill|date=11 December 2008|website=The Long War Journal|title=UN declares Jamaat-ud-Dawa a terrorist front group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217113851/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/12/un_declares_jamaatud.php|archive-date=17 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> a [[Pakistan]]-based Islamist militant organization that is [[List of designated terrorist groups|designated as a terrorist group]] by the [[United Nations Security Council]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2019 |title=UN rejects Hafiz Saeed's plea for removal from list of banned terrorists: Government sources |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/un-rejects-hafiz-saeeds-plea-for-removal-from-list-of-banned-terrorists-government-sources/articleshow/68303511.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="lwj">{{cite web |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=11 December 2008 |title=UN declares Jamaat-ud-Dawa a terrorist front group |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/12/un_declares_jamaatud.php |access-date=19 March 2010 |publisher=The Long War Journal}}</ref> [[India]],<ref name="MHA_BanList">{{cite web |date=30 March 2015 |title=Banned Organisations |url=https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503233101/https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations |archive-date=3 May 2018 |access-date=16 July 2018 |website=Ministry of Home Affairs |publisher=Government of India}}</ref> the [[United States]],<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031226/world.htm#4 USA redesignates Pakistan-based terror groups] The Tribune</ref> the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Lashkar-e-Toiba |url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513000855/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm |archive-date=13 May 2012 |work=South Asia Terrorism Portal |quote=It is also a banned organization in Britain since March 30, 2001.}}</ref> the [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Council Decision of 22 December 2003 |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003D0902:EN:HTML |publisher=Eur-lex}}</ref> [[Australia]],<ref>[http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/nationalsecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Lashkar-e-Tayyiba Australian National Security, Listing of Terrorism Organisations] Attorney-General's Department {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629171548/http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/nationalsecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Lashkar-e-Tayyiba|date=29 June 2011}}</ref> and [[Russia]].<ref>[http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=8534&cat=a Terror list out] Arab Times</ref> He is listed on India's [[NIA Most Wanted]].<ref>{{cite web |title=National Investigation Agency Most Wanted |url=http://www.nia.gov.in/most-wanted.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126234617/http://www.nia.gov.in/most-wanted.htm |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=16 July 2018 |work=Government of India}}</ref><ref name="frontlinev19">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780066210636 |title=India's most wanted |publisher=Frontline |year=2002 |isbn=0-06-621063-1 |volume=19 |access-date=10 April 2012 |url-access=registration |issue=2}}</ref> In April 2012, the United States placed a [[Bounty (reward)|bounty]] of US$10 million<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-puts-10-million-bounty-on-pakistan-terror-groups-leader/2012/04/03/gIQAx9NjsS_story.html|title=U.S. puts $10 million bounty on Pakistan terror group's leader|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> on Saeed for his role in the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] that killed 166 civilians. While India officially supported the American move, there were protests against it in Pakistan.<ref name="ndtv">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/india-welcomes-10-million-bounty-on-hafiz-saeed/228229|title=India welcomes $10 million bounty on Hafiz Saeed|date=3 April 2012|website=NDTV|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801202118/https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/india-welcomes-10-million-bounty-on-hafiz-saeed-228229|archive-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnbcpakistan.com/Thousands-protest-against-US-bounty-on-Hafiz-Saeed-news-2027.html|title=Thousands protest against US bounty on Hafiz Saeed|date=2 January 2015|website=JAAG TV|publisher=CNBC Pakistan|archive-url=https://archive.today/2015.01.02-080111/http://www.cnbcpakistan.com/Thousands-protest-against-US-bounty-on-Hafiz-Saeed-news-2027.html|archive-date=2 January 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=2 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/pakistan/story/india-will-leave-kashmir-just-as-us-leaving-afghanistan-hafiz-saeed-176578-2014-01-13|title=India will be forced to Kashmir just like US in Afghanistan: Hafiz Saeed|date=13 January 2014|work=India Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716061653/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/pakistan/story/india-will-leave-kashmir-just-as-us-leaving-afghanistan-hafiz-saeed-176578-2014-01-13|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> | ||
After the 2008 Mumbai attacks, he was designated by the [[Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee]] of the [[Security Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=AQ Sanctions List |url=https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list |website=[[un.org]]}}</ref> He is also listed on the [[United States Department of the Treasury]]'s [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List]] as a [[Specially Designated Global Terrorist]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SAEED, Muhammad |url=https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=10689 |website=sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov}}</ref> | |||
India has demanded that Saeed be handed over into Indian custody by Pakistan; however, there is no [[Extradition treaty|extradition agreement]] between [[India–Pakistan relations|the two countries]].<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pakistan-relents-on-extradition-treaty/article3466565.ece|title=Pakistan relents on extradition treaty|last=Joshi|first=Sandeep|date=29 May 2012|work=The Hindu|access-date=18 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212215/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pakistan-relents-on-extradition-treaty/article3466565.ece|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=live|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Saeed has denied ever being a leader of LeT and has said all allegations that he planned attacks in India are baseless.<ref name="fox2008" /><ref name="aj20100218">{{Cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/02/201021785121810598.html|title=Jamaat chief rejects Indian charges|date=18 February 2010|newspaper=Al Jazeera English|access-date=22 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110956/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2010/02/201021785121810598.html|archive-date=3 February 2012|url-status=live|publisher=Aljazeera IT}}</ref> | |||
In July 2019, three months before the scheduled reviewal of [[Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism|Pakistan's action plan]] by the [[Financial Action Task Force]], Saeed was arrested by Pakistani authorities and sentenced to an 11-year prison sentence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51486346|title=Hafiz Saeed: Will Pakistan's 'terror cleric' stay in jail?|work=BBC News|date=13 February 2020}}</ref> In early April 2022, he was sentenced an additional 31 years for terror financing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan: Hafiz Saeed gets 31 years in jail for terror financing |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/9/pakistan-hafiz-saeed-gets-31-years-in-jail-for-terror-financing |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Saeed was born in [[Sargodha]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\12\12\story_12-12-2008_pg1_1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.04.16-102346/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C12%5C12%5Cstory_12-12-2008_pg1_1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 April 2013 |title=Noose tightens around Hafiz Saeed, LT and Jamaatud Daawa |publisher=Dailytimes.com.pk |date=12 December 2008 |access-date=19 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="hind">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/09/stories/2008120955670800.htm|title=Pakistan and the Lashkar's jihad in India|last=Swami|first=Praveen|date=9 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212111914/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/09/stories/2008120955670800.htm|archive-date=12 December 2008|url-status=dead|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|author-link=Praveen Swami}}</ref> As told by him, his father, [[Maulana]] Kamal-ud-Din, a religious scholar, landlord and farmer, along with his family started migrating from [[East Punjab]] and reached Pakistan in around four months in the autumn of 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/my-story-by-hafiz-saeed/933846/0|title=My Story|last=Saeed|first=Hafiz|date=8 April 2012|website=The Indian Express|publisher=The Indian Express [P] Ltd.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716025011/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/my-story-by-hafiz-saeed/933846/0|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> The family is of [[Gujjar]] background and three of his brothers, Hafiz Hamid, Hafiz Mastodon and Hafiz Hannan, are involved in Islamic activism as well, having previously run Islamic centres in [[Boston]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haidar|first=Suhasini|date=28 November 2020|title=Hafiz Saeed {{!}} The 'professor' who runs terrorist networks|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/hafiz-saeed-the-professor-who-runs-terrorist-networks/article33201614.ece/amp/|access-date=22 March 2021|website=The Hindu}}</ref> | |||
He was named ''[[Hafiz (Quran)|hafiz]]'' because he memorized the [[Qur'an]] during his childhood, a time during which he was already enthusiastic about the verses on jihad. He then attended the Government College Sargodha (now [[University of Sargodha]]) before getting a [[Master's]] in Islamic Studies at the [[King Saud University]] in [[Riyadh]].<ref>[[Tariq Rahman]], ''[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CQh2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 Interpretations of Jihad in South Asia: an Intellectual History]'', De Grutyer (2018), p. 215</ref> | He was named ''[[Hafiz (Quran)|hafiz]]'' because he memorized the [[Qur'an]] during his childhood, a time during which he was already enthusiastic about the verses on jihad. He then attended the Government College Sargodha (now [[University of Sargodha]]) before getting a [[Master's]] in Islamic Studies at the [[King Saud University]] in [[Riyadh]].<ref>[[Tariq Rahman]], ''[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CQh2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 Interpretations of Jihad in South Asia: an Intellectual History]'', De Grutyer (2018), p. 215</ref> | ||
A major early influence on his life and ideology was his maternal uncle, and later father-in-law, Hafiz Abdullah Bahawalpuri,<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/professor-of-hate-why-hafeez-saeed-is-mad-at-india/story-2G7O2ODZeiVpr4uUyMQu5K.html "Professor of Hate: why Hafeez Saeed is mad at India"] (4 April 2012), ''Hindustan Times''. Retrieved 2 March 2019.</ref> who was a famed theologian belonging to the [[Ahl-i Hadith]], who held that democracy was incompatible with Islam (which alienated him with [[Abul A'la Maududi|Maulana Maududi]]'s [[Jamaat-e-Islami]]) and argued, on the importance of [[jihad]], "that only in jihad does one offer | A major early influence on his life and ideology was his maternal uncle, and later father-in-law, Hafiz Abdullah Bahawalpuri,<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/professor-of-hate-why-hafeez-saeed-is-mad-at-india/story-2G7O2ODZeiVpr4uUyMQu5K.html "Professor of Hate: why Hafeez Saeed is mad at India"] (4 April 2012), ''Hindustan Times''. Retrieved 2 March 2019.</ref> who was a famed theologian belonging to the [[Ahl-i Hadith]], who held that democracy was incompatible with Islam (which alienated him with [[Abul A'la Maududi|Maulana Maududi]]'s [[Jamaat-e-Islami]]) and argued, on the importance of [[jihad]], "that only in jihad does one offer one's life in the way of Allah, which elevates it to a higher plane than merely fulfilling other religious responsibilities such as saying prayers and paying [[zakat]], also entailing sacrifices and adjustments, but not at the scale evident in jihad" and "considered shahadat (martyrdom) to be the | ||
crux of jihad."<ref>Samina Yasmeen, ''Jihad and Dawah: Evolving Narratives of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jamat ud Dawah'', Oxford University Press (2017), pp. 52–54</ref> Bahawalpuri's only son, [[Abdul Rehman Makki]], is Saeed's brother-in-law and has been described as "his close partner."<ref>Amir Mir, ''The true face of jehadis'', Mashal Books (2004), p. 108</ref> | |||
General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] appointed | General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] appointed Saeed to the Council on Islamic Ideology, and he later served as an Islamic Studies teacher at the [[University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore|University of Engineering and Technology]], Pakistan.<ref name=hind /> He was sent to [[Saudi Arabia]] in the early 1980s by the university for higher studies where he met Saudi sheikhs who were taking part in the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]. They inspired him in taking an active role supporting the [[Mujahideen#Afghanistan|mujahideen in Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesofindia.com/world/pakistan/Who-is-Hafiz-Saeed/articleshow/12529918.cms |title=Who is Hafiz Saeed? |publisher=Times of India |date=4 April 2012 |access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> During his studies at the [[King Saud University]], where he was gold medalist for his academic performances as well as taught there, he came under the influence of [[Salafi]] scholars like Shaykh [[Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen]] and especially Shaykh [[Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz|Ibn Baz]].<ref>Samina Yasmeen, "Narratives of Jihad and Islamic Identity: JUD/LeT and the Gulf Connection(s)" in [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] & Laurence Louer (ed.), ''Pan-Islamic Connections: Transnational Networks Between South Asia and the Gulf'', Oxford University Press (2018), p. 76</ref> | ||
Saeed held two master's degrees from the [[University of Punjab]] and a specialisation in Islamic Studies and Arabic Language from [[King Saud University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Professor Hafiz Muhammad Saeed|publisher=PakistaniLeaders.com|year=2007|url=http://www.pakistanleaders.com/profilesdetail.php?id=719&url=Profile%20of%20Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Saeed.html|access-date=3 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701203417/http://www.pakistanleaders.com/profilesdetail.php?id=719&url=Profile%20of%20Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Saeed.html|archive-date=1 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
In 1987, | In 1987, Saeed, along with [[Abdullah Azzam]], founded Markaz Dawa-Wal-Irshad, a group with roots in the [[Jamiat Ahle Hadith|Jamiat Ahl-e-Hadis]].<ref name=frontlinev19 /><ref name=hind /> | ||
This organisation spawned the jihadist group [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] in 1987,<ref name="hind" /> with the help of Pakistan's [[Inter Services Intelligence]] officers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/08/world/asia/08terror.html |last=Schmitt |first=Eric |title=Pakistan's Spies Aided Group Tied to Mumbai Siege |work=The New York Times |date=7 December 2008}}</ref> | This organisation spawned the jihadist group [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] in 1987,<ref name="hind" /> with the help of Pakistan's [[Inter Services Intelligence]] officers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/08/world/asia/08terror.html |last=Schmitt |first=Eric |title=Pakistan's Spies Aided Group Tied to Mumbai Siege |work=The New York Times |date=7 December 2008}}</ref> | ||
Lashkar's primary target is the | Lashkar's primary target is the Indian-administered territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rahman |first1=Maseeh |last2=Jones |first2=Sam |title=Rumours abound as inquiry begins its search for truth |work=The Guardian |date=1 December 2008 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/01/mumbai-terror-attacks-india-pakistan1 |access-date=1 December 2008 |location=London}}</ref> | ||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
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=== 1994 === | === 1994 === | ||
In 1994, Saeed visited the United States and "spoke at Islamic centres in Houston, Chicago and Boston".<ref name="Price Feb 7, 2013">{{cite news |last= | In 1994, Saeed visited the United States and "spoke at Islamic centres in Houston, Chicago and Boston".<ref name="Price Feb 7, 2013">{{cite news |last=Walsh |first=Declan |title=Pakistani Militant, Price on Head, Lives in Open |newspaper=The New York Times |date=7 February 2013 |page=A1}}</ref> | ||
=== 2001–2002 === | === 2001–2002 === | ||
Pakistan took Saeed into custody on 21 December 2001 due to an Indian government assertion that he was involved in [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|13 December 2001 attack on the Lok Sabha]]. He was held until 31 March 2002, released, then taken back into custody on 15 May. He was placed under house arrest on 31 October 2002 after his wife Maimoona Saeed sued the province of Punjab and the Pakistan federal government for what she claimed was an illegal detention.<ref name=dailytimes2002>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_12-11-2002_pg7_17|title=Hafiz Saeed case – LHC seeks reply from Punjab, Centre|date=12 November 2002|website=Dailytimes.com.pk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630214153/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_12-11-2002_pg7_17|archive-date=30 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Pakistan took Saeed into custody on 21 December 2001 due to an Indian government assertion that he was involved in [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|the 13 December 2001 attack on the Lok Sabha]]. He was held until 31 March 2002, released, then taken back into custody on 15 May. He was placed under house arrest on 31 October 2002 after his wife Maimoona Saeed sued the province of Punjab and the Pakistan federal government for what she claimed was an illegal detention.<ref name=dailytimes2002>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_12-11-2002_pg7_17|title=Hafiz Saeed case – LHC seeks reply from Punjab, Centre|date=12 November 2002|website=Dailytimes.com.pk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630214153/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_12-11-2002_pg7_17|archive-date=30 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
=== 2006 === | === 2006 === | ||
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=== 2008–2009 === | === 2008–2009 === | ||
After the [[November 2008 Mumbai attacks]], India submitted a formal request to the [[U.N. Security Council]] to put the group Jamaat-ud-Dawa and | After the [[November 2008 Mumbai attacks]], India submitted a formal request to the [[U.N. Security Council]] to put the group Jamaat-ud-Dawa and Saeed on the list of individuals and organisations sanctioned by the United Nations for association with terrorism.<ref name="Price Feb 7, 2013" /> India has accused the organisation and its leader, Saeed, of being virtually interchangeable with Lashkar-e-Taiba. India said that the close links between the organisations, as well as the 2,500 offices and 11 seminaries that Jamaat-ud-Dawa maintains in Pakistan, "are of immediate concern with regard to their efforts to mobilise and orchestrate terrorist activities."<ref name="NYTLashkarSanction">McFarquhar, Neil. [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/10/world/10nations.html India wants Pakistani group added to UN's terrorism list], ''The New York Times'', 9 December 2008.</ref> On 10 December 2008, Saeed denied a link between LeT and JuD in an interview with Pakistan's [[Geo TV|Geo television]] stating that "no Lashkar-e-Taiba man is in Jamaat-ud-Dawa and I have never been a chief of Lashkar-e-Taiba."<ref name="fox2008">{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,464730,00.html|title=Third Mumbai Terrorist Suspect Placed Under House Arrest; Charity a Front Group For Terrorist Organization|date=10 December 2008|work=Fox News|access-date=11 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305163229/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/12/10/third-mumbai-terrorist-suspect-placed-under-house-arrest-charity-front-group.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
On 11 December 2008, Hafiz Muhammed Saeed was again placed under house arrest when the United Nations declared Jamaat-ud-Dawa to be an LeT front.<ref name=khan20090602>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=M Ilyas |title=Profile: Hafiz Mohammad Saeed |place=Islamabad |work=BBC News |date=2 June 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6067694.stm |access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref> | On 11 December 2008, Hafiz Muhammed Saeed was again placed under house arrest when the United Nations declared Jamaat-ud-Dawa to be an LeT front.<ref name=khan20090602>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=M Ilyas |title=Profile: Hafiz Mohammad Saeed |place=Islamabad |work=BBC News |date=2 June 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6067694.stm |access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref> Saeed was held in house arrest under the Maintenance of Public Order law, which allows authorities to detain temporarily individuals deemed likely to create disorder,<ref name=khan20090602 /> until early June 2009 when the Lahore High Court, deeming the containment to be unconstitutional, ordered Saeed to be released.<ref name=bbc20090602 /> India quickly expressed its disappointment with the decision.<ref name=bbc20090602>{{cite news |title=Pakistan releases 'top militant' |work=BBC News |date=2 June 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8078356.stm |access-date=2 June 2009}}</ref> | ||
On 6 July 2009, the Pakistani government filed an appeal of the court's decision. Deputy Attorney General Shah Khawar told the [[Associated Press]] that "Hafiz Saeed at liberty is a security threat."<ref>{{cite news |last=Shazad |first=Asif |title=Pakistan appeals ruling to release Mumbai suspect |agency=Associated Press |date=6 July 2009 |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hkiMxbHNH0BqgpWA2ZG6VD6wVTmAD998VFB01 |access-date=7 July 2009}}{{dead link|date=February 2010}}</ref> | On 6 July 2009, the Pakistani government filed an appeal of the court's decision. Deputy Attorney General Shah Khawar told the [[Associated Press]] that "Hafiz Saeed at liberty is a security threat."<ref>{{cite news |last=Shazad |first=Asif |title=Pakistan appeals ruling to release Mumbai suspect |agency=Associated Press |date=6 July 2009 |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hkiMxbHNH0BqgpWA2ZG6VD6wVTmAD998VFB01 |access-date=7 July 2009}}{{dead link|date=February 2010}}</ref> | ||
On 25 August 2009, [[Interpol]] issued a [[Interpol notice|red notice]] against | On 25 August 2009, [[Interpol]] issued a [[Interpol notice|red notice]] against Saeed, along with [[Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi]], in response to Indian requests for his [[extradition]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Gangadharan |first=Surya |title=Interpol notice against Saeed adds to Pak worries |publisher=IBN |date=27 August 2009 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/interpol-notice-against-saeed-adds-to-pak-worries/100041-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830091910/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/interpol-notice-against-saeed-adds-to-pak-worries/100041-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 August 2009 |access-date=30 August 2009}}</ref> | ||
Saeed was again placed under house arrest by the Pakistani authorities in September 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan curbs on Mumbai accused |work=BBC News |date=21 September 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8266088.stm |access-date=21 September 2009}}</ref> | |||
On 12 October 2009, the Lahore High Court quashed all cases against | On 12 October 2009, the Lahore High Court quashed all cases against Saeed and set him free. The court also notified that Jama'at-ud-Da'wah is not a banned organisation and can work freely in Pakistan. Justice Asif Saeed Khosa, one of two judges hearing the case, observed "In the name of terrorism we cannot brutalise the law."<ref>{{cite web |last=Nadeem |first=Atif |title=LHC orders quashing of FIRs against Hafiz Saeed |publisher=The News |date=13 October 2009 |url=http://thenews.jang.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24984 |access-date=19 October 2009 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | ||
=== Indian attempts at extradition === | === Indian attempts at extradition === | ||
On 11 May 2011, in an effort to place pressure on Pakistan, India publicly revealed a list of its 50 most [[India–Pakistan relations#Fugitives|wanted fugitives]] hiding in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=ISI's major Iqbal, LeT chief Saeed in India's most-wanted list |date=12 May 2011 |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/isis-major-iqbal-let-chief-saeed-in-indias-most-wanted-list/articleshow/8257210.cms |work=The Economic Times |access-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> India believes | On 11 May 2011, in an effort to place pressure on Pakistan, India publicly revealed a list of its 50 most [[India–Pakistan relations#Fugitives|wanted fugitives]] hiding in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=ISI's major Iqbal, LeT chief Saeed in India's most-wanted list |date=12 May 2011 |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/isis-major-iqbal-let-chief-saeed-in-indias-most-wanted-list/articleshow/8257210.cms |work=The Economic Times |access-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> India believes Saeed is a fugitive, but the Indian arrest warrant had no influence in Pakistan and presently has no effect on Saeed's movements within Pakistan. Following the Lahore High Court ruling, Saeed has been moving freely around the country. For many years, India has demanded that Saeed be handed over but there is no extradition treaty between the two countries.<ref name="thehindu.com" /> | ||
=== Declaration as a terrorist by the United States === | === Declaration as a terrorist by the United States === | ||
The United States declared two Lashkar-e-Tayyiba leaders—Nazir Ahmad Chaudhry and Muhammad Hussein Gill—specially designated global terrorists. The State Department also maintained LeT's designation as a [[United States State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations|Foreign Terrorist Organisation]] and added the following aliases to its listing of LeT: Jama’at-ud-Dawa, Al-Anfal Trust, Tehrik-i-Hurmat-i-Rasool, and Tehrik-i-Tahafuz Qibla Awwal. The Department of Treasury said that LeT was responsible for the November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai which killed nearly 200 people. The group's leader is | The United States declared two Lashkar-e-Tayyiba leaders—Nazir Ahmad Chaudhry and Muhammad Hussein Gill—specially designated global terrorists. The State Department also maintained LeT's designation as a [[United States State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations|Foreign Terrorist Organisation]] and added the following aliases to its listing of LeT: Jama’at-ud-Dawa, Al-Anfal Trust, Tehrik-i-Hurmat-i-Rasool, and Tehrik-i-Tahafuz Qibla Awwal. The Department of Treasury said that LeT was responsible for the November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai which killed nearly 200 people. The group's leader is Saeed, who is listed under UN Security Council Resolution 1267.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1115186/us-puts-two-let-leaders-on-global-terrorists-list |title=US puts two LeT leaders on global terrorists list |author=Anwar Iqbal |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref><ref>[https://dbpost.com/26-11-mastermind-hafiz-saeeds-terror-group-jamaat-ud-dawa-banned-in-pakistan/ "26/11 Mastermind Hafiz Saeed's Terror Group Jamaat-ud-Dawa banned in Pakistan"], 'DBPOST. 22 February 2019.</ref> | ||
=== Cooperation with Islamabad === | === Cooperation with Islamabad === | ||
In keeping with Pakistani establishment's wishes, Lashkar has been keeping focus on India and Saeed is among those who are thought to have helped Pakistan in capturing important [[al-Qaeda]] members like [[Abu Zubaydah]].<ref name=khan20090602 /> Senior Pakistani officials have said that Saeed is helping in de-radicalisation and rehabilitation of former extremists and that security is being provided to him because he could be targeted by militants who disapprove of Saeed's co-operation with Islamabad.<ref name="Deradicalization role">{{cite news |last=Georgy |first=Michael |title=Exclusive: Pakistani with U.S. bounty said helping de-radicalize militants |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-usa-bounty-idUSBRE8350BA20120406 |access-date=4 November 2012 |newspaper=Reuters |date=6 April 2012}}</ref> | In keeping with Pakistani establishment's wishes, Lashkar has been keeping focus on India and Saeed is among those who are thought to have helped Pakistan in capturing important [[al-Qaeda]] members like [[Abu Zubaydah]].<ref name=khan20090602 /> Senior Pakistani officials have said that Saeed is helping in de-radicalisation and rehabilitation of former extremists and that security is being provided to him because he could be targeted by militants who disapprove of Saeed's co-operation with Islamabad.<ref name="Deradicalization role">{{cite news |last=Georgy |first=Michael |title=Exclusive: Pakistani with U.S. bounty said helping de-radicalize militants |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-usa-bounty-idUSBRE8350BA20120406 |access-date=4 November 2012 |newspaper=Reuters |date=6 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
=== | === American bounty === | ||
In April 2012, the United States announced a bounty of | In April 2012, the [[United States]] announced a bounty of US$10 million on Saeed, for his role in the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref name="ndtv" /> Saeed stated that he had nothing to do with the Mumbai attacks<ref name="Price Feb 7, 2013" /> and condemned them. When asked about the bounty, Saeed replied, "I am living my life in the open and the U.S. can contact me whenever they want."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-42810-Hafiz-Saeed-responds-to-US-bounty- |title=Hafiz Saeed responds to US bounty |date=3 April 2012 |work=The News International, Pakistan |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> He subsequently stated that he was ready to face "any American court" to answer the charges and added that if [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] wanted to contact him, they knew where he was. "This is a laughable, absurd announcement. Here I am in front of everyone, not hiding in a cave," he said in a press conference.<ref name="saeed_abc_au">{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-04-05/pakistan-militant-taunts-us-over-2410m-bounty/3933914 |title=Pakistan militant taunts US over $10m bounty |work=ABC News |date=5 April 2012 |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Saeed identified his leading role in the [[Difa-e-Pakistan Council]] and US attempts to placate India as reasons behind the bounty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/04/201243111015364712.html |title=Hafiz Saeed rejects US terrorism accusations |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="cnn">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/05/world/asia/pakistan-us-bounty/ |title=Pakistan wants to see 'concrete evidence' on suspect sought by U.S. |work=CNN |date=5 April 2012 |access-date=5 April 2012 |author=Habib, Nasir}}</ref> | ||
==Arrest and trial == | ==Arrest and trial == | ||
On 3 July 2019, 23 cases related to terror financing and money laundering under the Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA), 1997 were registered by [[Counter Terrorism Department]] (CTD) of Pakistan.<ref name="Dawn Indicts" /> According to CTD, JuD was financing terrorism from the funds collected by several non-profit organisations and trusts that included Al-Anfaal Trust, Dawatul Irshad Trust, Muaz Bin Jabal Trust, etc.<ref name="Dawn Indicts" /> CTD had banned these non-profit organisations in April 2019. On further investigations, CTD had found that these organisations were linked with JuD and were in touch with the top leadership of JuD.<ref name="Dawn Indicts" /> | On 3 July 2019, 23 cases related to terror financing and money laundering under the Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA), 1997 were registered by [[Counter Terrorism Department]] (CTD) of Pakistan.<ref name="Dawn Indicts" /> According to CTD, JuD was financing terrorism from the funds collected by several non-profit organisations and trusts that included Al-Anfaal Trust, Dawatul Irshad Trust, Muaz Bin Jabal Trust, etc.<ref name="Dawn Indicts" /> CTD had banned these non-profit organisations in April 2019. On further investigations, CTD had found that these organisations were linked with JuD and were in touch with the top leadership of JuD.<ref name="Dawn Indicts" /> | ||
On 17 July 2019, Saeed was arrested in [[Gujranwala]] by the Punjab CTD on the charges of terror financing. He was subsequently sent to the prison on judicial [[remand (detention)|remand]] by a Gujranwala Anti Terrorism Court (ATC).<ref name="Dawn Indicts" >{{cite news |last1=Bilal |first1=Rana |title=ATC indicts JuD chief Hafiz Saeed in terror financing case |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1521667/atc-indicts-jud-chief-hafiz-saeed-in-terror-financing-case |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=DAWN.COM |date=11 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 27 September 2019, during the [[United Nations General Assembly]], USA asked Pakistan to prosecute Saeed, [[Masood Azhar]] and other UN-designated terrorists.<ref name="Today USA UN">{{cite news |title=Act against terror groups if you want peace with India, US tells Pakistan ahead of Imran Khan's UNGA speech |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/us-asks-pakistan-to-prosecute-terrorists-like-hafiz-saeed-and-masood-azhar-1603966-2019-09-27 |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=India Today |agency=Press Trust of India |date=27 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 30 November 2019, the Government of Pakistan stated that they will prosecute Saeed.<ref name="outlookindia Chronology">{{cite news |title=Chronology of indictment of JuD chief Hafiz Saeed |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/chronology-of-indictment-of-jud-chief-hafiz-saeed/1682893 |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=outlookindia.com}}</ref> On 11 December 2019, he was indicted by the ATC in the charges of terror financing in several cities of Punjab province of Pakistan.<ref name="The HinduIndicts">{{cite news |title=Pak court indicts Hafiz Saeed on terror financing charges |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/pak-court-indicts-hafiz-saeed-on-terror-financing-charges/article30275565.ece |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=11 December 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> As of December 2019, Saeed resides in the Kot Lakhpat jail also known as [[Central Jail Lahore]].<ref name="The HinduIndicts" /> He was convicted for five years by a Pakistan court for financing terrorism, in February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/mumbai-attack-mastermind-hafiz-saeed-convicted-for-5-years-in-terror-financing-cases-2498615.html|title=2 Days before FATF Hearing on Pak Blacklisting, Hafiz Saeed Sentenced for 5 Years in Terror Financing Cases|date=2020-02-12|website=News18|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref> On November 19, 2020 a Pakistani court sentenced him for 5 years in prison on terrorism-financing charges making the conviction for a total of 10 years meanwhile an anti-terrorism court in the city of Lahore on fined | On 17 July 2019, Saeed was arrested in [[Gujranwala]] by the Punjab CTD on the charges of terror financing. He was subsequently sent to the prison on judicial [[remand (detention)|remand]] by a Gujranwala Anti Terrorism Court (ATC).<ref name="Dawn Indicts" >{{cite news |last1=Bilal |first1=Rana |title=ATC indicts JuD chief Hafiz Saeed in terror financing case |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1521667/atc-indicts-jud-chief-hafiz-saeed-in-terror-financing-case |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=DAWN.COM |date=11 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 27 September 2019, during the [[United Nations General Assembly]], USA asked Pakistan to prosecute Saeed, [[Masood Azhar]] and other UN-designated terrorists.<ref name="Today USA UN">{{cite news |title=Act against terror groups if you want peace with India, US tells Pakistan ahead of Imran Khan's UNGA speech |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/us-asks-pakistan-to-prosecute-terrorists-like-hafiz-saeed-and-masood-azhar-1603966-2019-09-27 |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=India Today |agency=Press Trust of India |date=27 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 30 November 2019, the Government of Pakistan stated that they will prosecute Saeed.<ref name="outlookindia Chronology">{{cite news |title=Chronology of indictment of JuD chief Hafiz Saeed |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/chronology-of-indictment-of-jud-chief-hafiz-saeed/1682893 |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=outlookindia.com}}</ref> On 11 December 2019, he was indicted by the ATC in the charges of terror financing in several cities of Punjab province of Pakistan.<ref name="The HinduIndicts">{{cite news |title=Pak court indicts Hafiz Saeed on terror financing charges |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/pak-court-indicts-hafiz-saeed-on-terror-financing-charges/article30275565.ece |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=11 December 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> As of December 2019, Saeed resides in the Kot Lakhpat jail also known as [[Central Jail Lahore]].<ref name="The HinduIndicts" /> He was convicted for five years by a Pakistan court for financing terrorism, in February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/mumbai-attack-mastermind-hafiz-saeed-convicted-for-5-years-in-terror-financing-cases-2498615.html|title=2 Days before FATF Hearing on Pak Blacklisting, Hafiz Saeed Sentenced for 5 Years in Terror Financing Cases|date=2020-02-12|website=News18|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref> On November 19, 2020 a Pakistani court sentenced him for 5 years in prison on terrorism-financing charges making the conviction for a total of 10 years meanwhile an anti-terrorism court in the city of Lahore on fined Saeed 110,000 rupees (about $700).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/pakistani-militant-leader-convicted-of-terror-financing-charges/30959202.html |title= Pakistani Militant Leader Convicted Of Terror-Financing Charges |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> On 24 December he was sentenced to 15 and a half years in jail by an anti-terrorism court in Pakistan in one more terror financing case along with Rs20,000 (about $125) fine.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 December 2020|title=Pakistan's Anti-Terror Court Sentences JuD Terror Group Chief Hafiz Saeed To 15 Years In Jail In One More Case|work=[[The Indian Hawk]]|url=https://www.theindianhawk.com/2020/12/pakistans-anti-terror-court-sentences-jud-terror-group-chief-hafiz-saeed-to-15-years-in-jail-in-one-more-case.html|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hafiz Saeed awarded 15-year jail in terror-financing case |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/764125-hafiz-saeed-awarded-15-year-jail-in-terror-financing-case |website=www.thenews.com.pk |access-date=11 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
While being in prison, Saeed's former residence in Lahore was targeted by a bomb blast on June 23, 2021, resulting in the death of three people and the wounding of 22 more.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/23/pakistan-blast-hafiz-saeed-lahore-residence|title=Deadly blast in Pakistan near residence of armed group founder|work=Al Jazeera|date=23 June 2021}}</ref> Three people were arrested for the attack. | While being in prison, Saeed's former residence in Lahore was [[2021 Lahore bombing|targeted by a bomb blast]] on June 23, 2021, resulting in the death of three people and the wounding of 22 more.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/23/pakistan-blast-hafiz-saeed-lahore-residence|title=Deadly blast in Pakistan near residence of armed group founder|work=Al Jazeera|date=23 June 2021}}</ref> Three people were arrested for the attack. Pakistan's national security adviser [[Moeed Yusuf]] said that while the three arrested were Pakistani citizens who planted the bomb, it was suspected that "India was behind the attack".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/5/pakistan-nsa-india-raw-lahore-attack|title=Pakistan NSA accuses India of orchestrating Lahore bomb attack|work=Al Jazeera|date=5 July 2021}}</ref> | ||
== Views == | == Views == | ||
=== Pakistani government === | === Pakistani government === | ||
Saeed has criticised Pakistani leaders and has stated that they should aspire to be more like British Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] and London Mayor [[Boris Johnson]]. He had declared his admiration for the British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] along with several Tory MPs when he lodged a petition to the Lahore High Court calling for public officials in Pakistan to tone down their privileged lifestyles. According to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', Saeed wrote in the petition that while Pakistan's political elite were 'living like kings and princes in palatial government houses,' Britain's prime minister lived in a 'four-bedroom flat.' He added, 'When the sun never set on the [[British Empire]], the chief executive of that great country lived in the same house of a few [[Marla (unit)|marlas]] in a small street. That is truly Islamic, that is like following the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet.'<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/hafiz-saeed-wants-pak-leaders-to-learn-from-david-camerons-islamic-lifestyle-492677 |work=[[NDTV]] |title=Hafiz Saeed wants Pak leaders to learn from David Cameron's 'Islamic' lifestyle}}</ref> | |||
Speaking on the issue of arrest of separatist Kashmiri leader [[Masarat Alam]] by the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] government, Saeed said, "Jihad is the duty of an Islamic government ... there is a government in Pakistan and it has always taken the stand that it is the right of Kashmiris to attain freedom. I say what our Army will do to secure the right of the Kashmiris is jihad ... We extend help to Kashmiris alongside government ... we call this jihad."<ref>{{cite news |title=Saeed: Jihad in concert with Pak. Army |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hafiz-saeed-jihad-in-concert-with-pak-army/article7117376.ece |access-date=21 April 2015 |work=The Hindu |date=19 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hafiz Saeed: We support Pakistan army's 'jihad' in Kashmir |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Hafiz-Saeed-We-support-Pakistan-armys-jihad-in-Kashmir/articleshow/46968876.cms |access-date=21 April 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=18 April 2015}}</ref> | Speaking on the issue of arrest of separatist Kashmiri leader [[Masarat Alam]] by the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] government, Saeed said, "Jihad is the duty of an Islamic government... there is a government in Pakistan and it has always taken the stand that it is the right of Kashmiris to attain freedom. I say what our Army will do to secure the right of the Kashmiris is jihad... We extend help to Kashmiris alongside government ... we call this jihad."<ref>{{cite news |title=Saeed: Jihad in concert with Pak. Army |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hafiz-saeed-jihad-in-concert-with-pak-army/article7117376.ece |access-date=21 April 2015 |work=The Hindu |date=19 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hafiz Saeed: We support Pakistan army's 'jihad' in Kashmir |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Hafiz-Saeed-We-support-Pakistan-armys-jihad-in-Kashmir/articleshow/46968876.cms |access-date=21 April 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=18 April 2015}}</ref> | ||
Criticising his anti-India comments, Indian Muslim leader [[Asaduddin Owaisi]] said, "People like Hafiz Saeed are unaware about teachings of Islam, jihad in Islam. They are killing innocent lives in Pakistan, children are being killed. They are using Pakistan for maligning another country. The Government of India should take strict action against it and I condemn his comments in clear and strong words."<ref>{{cite news |title=Hafiz Saeed unaware about teachings of Islam: Asaduddin Owaisi |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/hafiz-saeed-unaware-about-teachings-of-islam-asaduddin-owaisi_1582092.html |access-date=21 April 2015 |publisher=Zee News |date=21 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hafiz Saeed unaware about 'jihad' in Islam: Asaduddin Owaisi |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/hafiz-saeed-unaware-about-jihad-in-islam-28545.html |access-date=21 April 2015 |publisher=India TV News |date=21 April 2015}}</ref> | Criticising his anti-India comments, Indian Muslim leader [[Asaduddin Owaisi]] said, "People like Hafiz Saeed are unaware about teachings of Islam, jihad in Islam. They are killing innocent lives in Pakistan, children are being killed. They are using Pakistan for maligning another country. The Government of India should take strict action against it and I condemn his comments in clear and strong words."<ref>{{cite news |title=Hafiz Saeed unaware about teachings of Islam: Asaduddin Owaisi |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/hafiz-saeed-unaware-about-teachings-of-islam-asaduddin-owaisi_1582092.html |access-date=21 April 2015 |publisher=Zee News |date=21 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hafiz Saeed unaware about 'jihad' in Islam: Asaduddin Owaisi |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/hafiz-saeed-unaware-about-jihad-in-islam-28545.html |access-date=21 April 2015 |publisher=India TV News |date=21 April 2015}}</ref> | ||
=== Indian government === | === Indian government === | ||
In January 2013, India's then Union Home Minister [[Sushilkumar Shinde|Sushil Kumar Shinde]] released a statement on the alleged existence of [[Saffron terror|Hindu terrorism]] as well as the existence of Hindu terror camps on Indian soil, being run and organised by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjp-to-hold-nationwide-protest-against-shindes-hindu-terror-camps-remark/317312-3-244.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126113248/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjp-to-hold-nationwide-protest-against-shindes-hindu-terror-camps-remark/317312-3-244.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=BJP to hold nationwide protest against Shinde's Hindu terror camps remark |work=IBNLive |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> As a result, [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] and [[Jamaat-ud-Dawa]] welcomed Shinde's statements and congratulated him for admitting the existence of Hindu terrorism.<ref name="LeT and JuD Congratulates Shinde for His Claims on Hindu Terror">{{cite news |title=LeT, JuD have congratulated Sushilkumar Shinde for his claims on Hindu terror: RSS |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_let-jud-have-congratulated-sushilkumar-shinde- | In January 2013, India's then Union Home Minister [[Sushilkumar Shinde|Sushil Kumar Shinde]] released a statement on the alleged existence of [[Saffron terror|Hindu terrorism]] as well as the existence of Hindu terror camps on Indian soil, being run and organised by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjp-to-hold-nationwide-protest-against-shindes-hindu-terror-camps-remark/317312-3-244.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126113248/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjp-to-hold-nationwide-protest-against-shindes-hindu-terror-camps-remark/317312-3-244.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=BJP to hold nationwide protest against Shinde's Hindu terror camps remark |work=IBNLive |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> As a result, [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] and [[Jamaat-ud-Dawa]] welcomed Shinde's statements and congratulated him for admitting the existence of Hindu terrorism.<ref name="LeT and JuD Congratulates Shinde for His Claims on Hindu Terror">{{cite news |title=LeT, JuD have congratulated Sushilkumar Shinde for his claims on Hindu terror: RSS |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_let-jud-have-congratulated-sushilkumar-shinde-</ref> | ||
In September 2014, Saeed accused India of "[[water terrorism]]".<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hafiz-saeed-blames-india-for-pakistan-floods-calls-it-water-terrorism/articleshow/42116443.cms|title=Hafiz Saeed blames India for Pakistan floods, calls it 'water terrorism' | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Though there was [[2014 India–Pakistan floods|flood crisis in India]] too, Saeed blamed India for flood crisis in Pakistan.<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-hafiz-saeed-blames-india-for-flood-in-pakistan-accuses-narendra-modi-government-of-water-terrorism-2017381 |title=Hafiz Saeed blames India for flood in Pakistan; accuses Narendra Modi government of 'water terrorism' – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |date=9 September 2014 }}</ref> In several tweets on social media he said, "Indian gov discharged water in rivers without notification & has given false information; an act of open mischief," "India has used water to attack Pakistan, We are in state of War. India's water aggression must be taken to the UN security council."<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /><ref name="dnaindia.com" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/pakistan/story/hafiz-saeed-jamat-ud-dawah-india-jammu-and-kashmir-floods-208086-2014-09-10|title=India behind Pakistan floods, tweets Hafiz Saeed| | In September 2014, Saeed accused India of "[[water terrorism]]".<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hafiz-saeed-blames-india-for-pakistan-floods-calls-it-water-terrorism/articleshow/42116443.cms|title=Hafiz Saeed blames India for Pakistan floods, calls it 'water terrorism' | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Though there was [[2014 India–Pakistan floods|flood crisis in India]] too, Saeed blamed India for flood crisis in Pakistan.<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-hafiz-saeed-blames-india-for-flood-in-pakistan-accuses-narendra-modi-government-of-water-terrorism-2017381 |title=Hafiz Saeed blames India for flood in Pakistan; accuses Narendra Modi government of 'water terrorism' – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |date=9 September 2014 }}</ref> In several tweets on social media he said, "Indian gov discharged water in rivers without notification & has given false information; an act of open mischief," "India has used water to attack Pakistan, We are in state of War. India's water aggression must be taken to the UN security council."<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /><ref name="dnaindia.com" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/pakistan/story/hafiz-saeed-jamat-ud-dawah-india-jammu-and-kashmir-floods-208086-2014-09-10|title=India behind Pakistan floods, tweets Hafiz Saeed|date=September 10, 2014|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abplive.in/World/2014/09/09/article395679.ece/Hafiz-Saeed-blames-water-terrorism-by-India-for-Kashmir-floods |title=Hafiz Saeed blames 'water terrorism' by India for Kashmir floods |date=9 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/jud-chief-hafiz-saeed-says-india-flooded-pakistan-alleges-water-terrorism-1706265.html |title=JuD chief Hafiz Saeed says India flooded Pakistan, alleges 'water terrorism' – Firstpost |date=10 September 2014 }}</ref> | ||
Responding to a question about the nuclear warning issued by Indian authorities in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] after the [[2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes|2013 India–Pakistan border incidents]], Saeed said that in case of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, India should distribute nuclear safety pamphlets in Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta rather than in Kashmir.<ref name="tribune.com.pk">{{cite web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/499270/friendly-advice-hafiz-saeed-advises-shahrukh-khan-to-move-to-pakistan/ |title='Friendly advice': Hafiz Saeed 'advises' Shahrukh Khan to move to Pakistan |work=The Express Tribune |date=27 January 2013 |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> | Responding to a question about the nuclear warning issued by Indian authorities in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] after the [[2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes|2013 India–Pakistan border incidents]], Saeed said that in case of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, India should distribute nuclear safety pamphlets in Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta rather than in Kashmir.<ref name="tribune.com.pk">{{cite web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/499270/friendly-advice-hafiz-saeed-advises-shahrukh-khan-to-move-to-pakistan/ |title='Friendly advice': Hafiz Saeed 'advises' Shahrukh Khan to move to Pakistan |work=The Express Tribune |date=27 January 2013 |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> | ||
=== | === Urdu as the national language of Pakistan === | ||
{{See also|Punjabi Language Movement}} | {{See also|Punjabi Language Movement}} | ||
Saeed has questioned Pakistan's decision to adopt [[Urdu]] (only 8% of Pakistanis speak Urdu as a first language) as its national language in a country where the majority of people speak the [[Punjabi language]]. He advocated that Punjabi should be made the national language.<ref name="http://www.hindustantimes.com/ 2016">{{cite news |title=Pakistan should have adopted Punjabi as national language: Hafiz Saeed |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=6 March 2016 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/pakistan-should-have-adopted-punjabi-as-national-language-hafiz-saeed/story-WLlnsWWnziuQxmbdQUdHuK.html |access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 173: | Line 177: | ||
* [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] | * [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] | ||
* [[Difa-e-Pakistan Council]] | * [[Difa-e-Pakistan Council]] | ||
* [[Phantom (2015 film)]] | * [[Phantom (2015 film)|''Phantom'']], 2015 Indian film | ||
* [[List of fugitives from justice who disappeared]] | * [[List of fugitives from justice who disappeared]] | ||
| Line 180: | Line 184: | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* {{ | * {{commons category-inline}} | ||
* {{IMDb name}} | * {{IMDb name}} | ||
* [https://rewardsforjustice.net/rewards/hafiz-saeed/ Hafiz Saeed]. [[Rewards for Justice]]. | |||
* [https://news.yahoo.com/exclusive-pakistani-u-bounty-said-helping-radicalize-militants-140725065.html "Exclusive: Pakistani with U.S. bounty said helping de-radicalize militants" – Reuters, 6 April 2012] | * [https://news.yahoo.com/exclusive-pakistani-u-bounty-said-helping-radicalize-militants-140725065.html "Exclusive: Pakistani with U.S. bounty said helping de-radicalize militants" – Reuters, 6 April 2012] | ||
* [https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/chronology-of-indictment-of-jud-chief-hafiz-saeed/1682893 Chronology of indictment of JuD chief Hafiz Saeed] by [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] | * [https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/chronology-of-indictment-of-jud-chief-hafiz-saeed/1682893 Chronology of indictment of JuD chief Hafiz Saeed] by [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] | ||
| Line 212: | Line 217: | ||
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Pakistan]] | [[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Pakistan]] | ||
[[Category:Pakistani philanthropists]] | [[Category:Pakistani philanthropists]] | ||
[[Category:People associated with the 2008 Mumbai attacks]] | [[Category:People associated with the 2008 Mumbai attacks]] | ||
[[Category:Living people]] | [[Category:Living people]] | ||
[[Category:People designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee]] | |||
[[Category:Gurjar]] | |||
[[Category:Pakistani people imprisoned on charges of terrorism]] | |||
[[Category:People convicted on terrorism charges]] | |||
[[Category:Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List]] | |||
[[Category:Individuals designated as terrorists by the United States government]] | |||
[[Category:Ahl-i Hadith people]] | |||
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|
Hafiz Saeed | |
|---|---|
حافظ سعید | |
 Saeed in 2019 | |
| Born | Hafiz Muhammad Saeed 5 June 1950[1] |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Known for | Co-founding Lashkar-e-Taiba |
| Political party | Milli Muslim League |
| Board member of | |
| Children | 1 |
| Relatives | Abdul Rehman Makki (brother-in-law)[3] |
| Criminal charge | Terrorism, terror financing |
| Penalty | 42-year imprisonment |
Wanted by | National Investigation Agency of India |
Date apprehended | 17 July 2019 |
| Imprisoned at | Central Jail Lahore, Pakistan |
Hafiz Muhammad Saeed (Urdu: حافظ محمد سعید, born 5 June 1950)[4] is a Pakistani Islamist[5][6] who co-founded Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT),[7][8][9] a Pakistan-based Islamist militant organization that is designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council,[10][11] India,[12] the United States,[13] the United Kingdom,[14] the European Union,[15] Australia,[16] and Russia.[17] He is listed on India's NIA Most Wanted.[18][19] In April 2012, the United States placed a bounty of US$10 million[20] on Saeed for his role in the 2008 Mumbai attacks that killed 166 civilians. While India officially supported the American move, there were protests against it in Pakistan.[21][22][23]
After the 2008 Mumbai attacks, he was designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee of the Security Council.[24] He is also listed on the United States Department of the Treasury's Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist.[25]
India has demanded that Saeed be handed over into Indian custody by Pakistan; however, there is no extradition agreement between the two countries.[26] Saeed has denied ever being a leader of LeT and has said all allegations that he planned attacks in India are baseless.[27][28]
In July 2019, three months before the scheduled reviewal of Pakistan's action plan by the Financial Action Task Force, Saeed was arrested by Pakistani authorities and sentenced to an 11-year prison sentence.[29] In early April 2022, he was sentenced an additional 31 years for terror financing.[30]
Early life
Saeed was born in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.[31][32] As told by him, his father, Maulana Kamal-ud-Din, a religious scholar, landlord and farmer, along with his family started migrating from East Punjab and reached Pakistan in around four months in the autumn of 1947.[33] The family is of Gujjar background and three of his brothers, Hafiz Hamid, Hafiz Mastodon and Hafiz Hannan, are involved in Islamic activism as well, having previously run Islamic centres in Boston in the United States.[34]
He was named hafiz because he memorized the Qur'an during his childhood, a time during which he was already enthusiastic about the verses on jihad. He then attended the Government College Sargodha (now University of Sargodha) before getting a Master's in Islamic Studies at the King Saud University in Riyadh.[35]
A major early influence on his life and ideology was his maternal uncle, and later father-in-law, Hafiz Abdullah Bahawalpuri,[36] who was a famed theologian belonging to the Ahl-i Hadith, who held that democracy was incompatible with Islam (which alienated him with Maulana Maududi's Jamaat-e-Islami) and argued, on the importance of jihad, "that only in jihad does one offer one's life in the way of Allah, which elevates it to a higher plane than merely fulfilling other religious responsibilities such as saying prayers and paying zakat, also entailing sacrifices and adjustments, but not at the scale evident in jihad" and "considered shahadat (martyrdom) to be the crux of jihad."[37] Bahawalpuri's only son, Abdul Rehman Makki, is Saeed's brother-in-law and has been described as "his close partner."[38]
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq appointed Saeed to the Council on Islamic Ideology, and he later served as an Islamic Studies teacher at the University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan.[32] He was sent to Saudi Arabia in the early 1980s by the university for higher studies where he met Saudi sheikhs who were taking part in the Soviet–Afghan War. They inspired him in taking an active role supporting the mujahideen in Afghanistan.[39] During his studies at the King Saud University, where he was gold medalist for his academic performances as well as taught there, he came under the influence of Salafi scholars like Shaykh Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen and especially Shaykh Ibn Baz.[40]
Saeed held two master's degrees from the University of Punjab and a specialisation in Islamic Studies and Arabic Language from King Saud University.[41]
In 1987, Saeed, along with Abdullah Azzam, founded Markaz Dawa-Wal-Irshad, a group with roots in the Jamiat Ahl-e-Hadis.[19][32]
This organisation spawned the jihadist group Lashkar-e-Taiba in 1987,[32] with the help of Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence officers.[42]
Lashkar's primary target is the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir.[43]
Family
Saeed's son Talha Saeed serves as the Lashkar-e-Taiba second-in-command. He controls the finances of Lashkar. In 2019, Talha escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb inside a refrigerator shop exploded in Lahore. According to Lashkar the bombing was attributed to the infighting in the Lashkar and R&AW.[44]
Activities
1994
In 1994, Saeed visited the United States and "spoke at Islamic centres in Houston, Chicago and Boston".[45]
2001–2002
Pakistan took Saeed into custody on 21 December 2001 due to an Indian government assertion that he was involved in the 13 December 2001 attack on the Lok Sabha. He was held until 31 March 2002, released, then taken back into custody on 15 May. He was placed under house arrest on 31 October 2002 after his wife Maimoona Saeed sued the province of Punjab and the Pakistan federal government for what she claimed was an illegal detention.[46]
2006
After 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings, the provincial government of Punjab, Pakistan arrested him on 9 August 2006 and kept him under house arrest but he was released on 28 August 2006 after a Lahore High Court order. He was arrested again on the same day by the provincial government and was kept in the Canal Rest House in Sheikhupura. He was finally released after the Lahore High Court order on 17 October 2006.[47][48]
2008–2009
After the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, India submitted a formal request to the U.N. Security Council to put the group Jamaat-ud-Dawa and Saeed on the list of individuals and organisations sanctioned by the United Nations for association with terrorism.[45] India has accused the organisation and its leader, Saeed, of being virtually interchangeable with Lashkar-e-Taiba. India said that the close links between the organisations, as well as the 2,500 offices and 11 seminaries that Jamaat-ud-Dawa maintains in Pakistan, "are of immediate concern with regard to their efforts to mobilise and orchestrate terrorist activities."[49] On 10 December 2008, Saeed denied a link between LeT and JuD in an interview with Pakistan's Geo television stating that "no Lashkar-e-Taiba man is in Jamaat-ud-Dawa and I have never been a chief of Lashkar-e-Taiba."[27]
On 11 December 2008, Hafiz Muhammed Saeed was again placed under house arrest when the United Nations declared Jamaat-ud-Dawa to be an LeT front.[50] Saeed was held in house arrest under the Maintenance of Public Order law, which allows authorities to detain temporarily individuals deemed likely to create disorder,[50] until early June 2009 when the Lahore High Court, deeming the containment to be unconstitutional, ordered Saeed to be released.[51] India quickly expressed its disappointment with the decision.[51]
On 6 July 2009, the Pakistani government filed an appeal of the court's decision. Deputy Attorney General Shah Khawar told the Associated Press that "Hafiz Saeed at liberty is a security threat."[52]
On 25 August 2009, Interpol issued a red notice against Saeed, along with Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi, in response to Indian requests for his extradition.[53]
Saeed was again placed under house arrest by the Pakistani authorities in September 2009.[54]
On 12 October 2009, the Lahore High Court quashed all cases against Saeed and set him free. The court also notified that Jama'at-ud-Da'wah is not a banned organisation and can work freely in Pakistan. Justice Asif Saeed Khosa, one of two judges hearing the case, observed "In the name of terrorism we cannot brutalise the law."[55]
Indian attempts at extradition
On 11 May 2011, in an effort to place pressure on Pakistan, India publicly revealed a list of its 50 most wanted fugitives hiding in Pakistan.[56] India believes Saeed is a fugitive, but the Indian arrest warrant had no influence in Pakistan and presently has no effect on Saeed's movements within Pakistan. Following the Lahore High Court ruling, Saeed has been moving freely around the country. For many years, India has demanded that Saeed be handed over but there is no extradition treaty between the two countries.[26]
Declaration as a terrorist by the United States
The United States declared two Lashkar-e-Tayyiba leaders—Nazir Ahmad Chaudhry and Muhammad Hussein Gill—specially designated global terrorists. The State Department also maintained LeT's designation as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation and added the following aliases to its listing of LeT: Jama’at-ud-Dawa, Al-Anfal Trust, Tehrik-i-Hurmat-i-Rasool, and Tehrik-i-Tahafuz Qibla Awwal. The Department of Treasury said that LeT was responsible for the November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai which killed nearly 200 people. The group's leader is Saeed, who is listed under UN Security Council Resolution 1267.[57][58]
Cooperation with Islamabad
In keeping with Pakistani establishment's wishes, Lashkar has been keeping focus on India and Saeed is among those who are thought to have helped Pakistan in capturing important al-Qaeda members like Abu Zubaydah.[50] Senior Pakistani officials have said that Saeed is helping in de-radicalisation and rehabilitation of former extremists and that security is being provided to him because he could be targeted by militants who disapprove of Saeed's co-operation with Islamabad.[59]
American bounty
In April 2012, the United States announced a bounty of US$10 million on Saeed, for his role in the 2008 Mumbai attacks.[21] Saeed stated that he had nothing to do with the Mumbai attacks[45] and condemned them. When asked about the bounty, Saeed replied, "I am living my life in the open and the U.S. can contact me whenever they want."[60] He subsequently stated that he was ready to face "any American court" to answer the charges and added that if Washington wanted to contact him, they knew where he was. "This is a laughable, absurd announcement. Here I am in front of everyone, not hiding in a cave," he said in a press conference.[61] Saeed identified his leading role in the Difa-e-Pakistan Council and US attempts to placate India as reasons behind the bounty.[62][63]
Arrest and trial
On 3 July 2019, 23 cases related to terror financing and money laundering under the Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA), 1997 were registered by Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) of Pakistan.[64] According to CTD, JuD was financing terrorism from the funds collected by several non-profit organisations and trusts that included Al-Anfaal Trust, Dawatul Irshad Trust, Muaz Bin Jabal Trust, etc.[64] CTD had banned these non-profit organisations in April 2019. On further investigations, CTD had found that these organisations were linked with JuD and were in touch with the top leadership of JuD.[64]
On 17 July 2019, Saeed was arrested in Gujranwala by the Punjab CTD on the charges of terror financing. He was subsequently sent to the prison on judicial remand by a Gujranwala Anti Terrorism Court (ATC).[64] On 27 September 2019, during the United Nations General Assembly, USA asked Pakistan to prosecute Saeed, Masood Azhar and other UN-designated terrorists.[65] On 30 November 2019, the Government of Pakistan stated that they will prosecute Saeed.[66] On 11 December 2019, he was indicted by the ATC in the charges of terror financing in several cities of Punjab province of Pakistan.[67] As of December 2019, Saeed resides in the Kot Lakhpat jail also known as Central Jail Lahore.[67] He was convicted for five years by a Pakistan court for financing terrorism, in February 2020.[68] On November 19, 2020 a Pakistani court sentenced him for 5 years in prison on terrorism-financing charges making the conviction for a total of 10 years meanwhile an anti-terrorism court in the city of Lahore on fined Saeed 110,000 rupees (about $700).[69] On 24 December he was sentenced to 15 and a half years in jail by an anti-terrorism court in Pakistan in one more terror financing case along with Rs20,000 (about $125) fine.[70][71]
While being in prison, Saeed's former residence in Lahore was targeted by a bomb blast on June 23, 2021, resulting in the death of three people and the wounding of 22 more.[72] Three people were arrested for the attack. Pakistan's national security adviser Moeed Yusuf said that while the three arrested were Pakistani citizens who planted the bomb, it was suspected that "India was behind the attack".[73]
Views
Pakistani government
Saeed has criticised Pakistani leaders and has stated that they should aspire to be more like British Prime Minister David Cameron and London Mayor Boris Johnson. He had declared his admiration for the British Conservative Party along with several Tory MPs when he lodged a petition to the Lahore High Court calling for public officials in Pakistan to tone down their privileged lifestyles. According to The Daily Telegraph, Saeed wrote in the petition that while Pakistan's political elite were 'living like kings and princes in palatial government houses,' Britain's prime minister lived in a 'four-bedroom flat.' He added, 'When the sun never set on the British Empire, the chief executive of that great country lived in the same house of a few marlas in a small street. That is truly Islamic, that is like following the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet.'[74]
Speaking on the issue of arrest of separatist Kashmiri leader Masarat Alam by the Jammu and Kashmir government, Saeed said, "Jihad is the duty of an Islamic government... there is a government in Pakistan and it has always taken the stand that it is the right of Kashmiris to attain freedom. I say what our Army will do to secure the right of the Kashmiris is jihad... We extend help to Kashmiris alongside government ... we call this jihad."[75][76]
Criticising his anti-India comments, Indian Muslim leader Asaduddin Owaisi said, "People like Hafiz Saeed are unaware about teachings of Islam, jihad in Islam. They are killing innocent lives in Pakistan, children are being killed. They are using Pakistan for maligning another country. The Government of India should take strict action against it and I condemn his comments in clear and strong words."[77][78]
Indian government
In January 2013, India's then Union Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde released a statement on the alleged existence of Hindu terrorism as well as the existence of Hindu terror camps on Indian soil, being run and organised by the BJP and the RSS.[79] As a result, Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jamaat-ud-Dawa welcomed Shinde's statements and congratulated him for admitting the existence of Hindu terrorism.[80]
In September 2014, Saeed accused India of "water terrorism".[81] Though there was flood crisis in India too, Saeed blamed India for flood crisis in Pakistan.[82] In several tweets on social media he said, "Indian gov discharged water in rivers without notification & has given false information; an act of open mischief," "India has used water to attack Pakistan, We are in state of War. India's water aggression must be taken to the UN security council."[81][82][83][84][85]
Responding to a question about the nuclear warning issued by Indian authorities in Jammu and Kashmir after the 2013 India–Pakistan border incidents, Saeed said that in case of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, India should distribute nuclear safety pamphlets in Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta rather than in Kashmir.[86]
Urdu as the national language of Pakistan
Saeed has questioned Pakistan's decision to adopt Urdu (only 8% of Pakistanis speak Urdu as a first language) as its national language in a country where the majority of people speak the Punjabi language. He advocated that Punjabi should be made the national language.[87]
See also
- All Parties Hurriyat Conference
- Syed Ali Shah Geelani
- Kashmir conflict
- 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
- Difa-e-Pakistan Council
- Phantom, 2015 Indian film
- List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
References
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- ↑ Kaur Sandhu, Kamaljit (6 June 2017). "Kashmir: High alert around Uri power plant after intel inputs of possible terror plot". India Today.
- ↑ Parashar, Sachin (5 April 2012). "Hafiz Saeed's brother-in-law Abdul Rehman Makki is a conduit between Lashkar-e-Taiba and Taliban". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012.
- ↑ "Security Council Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee Adds Names of Four Individuals to Consolidated List, Amends Entries of Three Entities". www.un.org. 10 December 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ↑ Shahzad, Asif (17 August 2017). "Charity run by Pakistani Islamist with $10 million bounty launches political party". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ↑ "US puts $10m bounty on Lashkar-e-Taiba's Hafiz Saeed". BBC News. 3 April 2012. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ↑ Mahmood, Amjad (7 December 2014). "Footprints: JuD's show of strength". Dawn.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ↑ "Jamaat-ud-Dawah website-Organization". Archived from the original on 16 July 2018.
- ↑ Roggio, Bill (11 December 2008). "UN declares Jamaat-ud-Dawa a terrorist front group". The Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008.
- ↑ "UN rejects Hafiz Saeed's plea for removal from list of banned terrorists: Government sources". The Economic Times. 7 March 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
- ↑ Roggio, Bill (11 December 2008). "UN declares Jamaat-ud-Dawa a terrorist front group". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
- ↑ "Banned Organisations". Ministry of Home Affairs. Government of India. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ↑ USA redesignates Pakistan-based terror groups The Tribune
- ↑ "Lashkar-e-Toiba". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012.
It is also a banned organization in Britain since March 30, 2001.
- ↑ "Council Decision of 22 December 2003". Eur-lex.
- ↑ Australian National Security, Listing of Terrorism Organisations Attorney-General's Department Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Terror list out Arab Times
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- ↑ "U.S. puts $10 million bounty on Pakistan terror group's leader". The Washington Post.
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- ↑ "Thousands protest against US bounty on Hafiz Saeed". JAAG TV. CNBC Pakistan. 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "India will be forced to Kashmir just like US in Afghanistan: Hafiz Saeed". India Today. 13 January 2014. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ↑ "AQ Sanctions List". un.org.
- ↑ "SAEED, Muhammad". sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Joshi, Sandeep (29 May 2012). "Pakistan relents on extradition treaty". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Third Mumbai Terrorist Suspect Placed Under House Arrest; Charity a Front Group For Terrorist Organization". Fox News. 10 December 2008. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
- ↑ "Jamaat chief rejects Indian charges". Al Jazeera English. Aljazeera IT. 18 February 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed: Will Pakistan's 'terror cleric' stay in jail?". BBC News. 13 February 2020.
- ↑ "Pakistan: Hafiz Saeed gets 31 years in jail for terror financing". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ↑ "Noose tightens around Hafiz Saeed, LT and Jamaatud Daawa". Dailytimes.com.pk. 12 December 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Swami, Praveen (9 December 2008). "Pakistan and the Lashkar's jihad in India". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008.
- ↑ Saeed, Hafiz (8 April 2012). "My Story". The Indian Express. The Indian Express [P] Ltd. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ↑ Haidar, Suhasini (28 November 2020). "Hafiz Saeed | The 'professor' who runs terrorist networks". The Hindu. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ↑ Tariq Rahman, Interpretations of Jihad in South Asia: an Intellectual History, De Grutyer (2018), p. 215
- ↑ "Professor of Hate: why Hafeez Saeed is mad at India" (4 April 2012), Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ↑ Samina Yasmeen, Jihad and Dawah: Evolving Narratives of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jamat ud Dawah, Oxford University Press (2017), pp. 52–54
- ↑ Amir Mir, The true face of jehadis, Mashal Books (2004), p. 108
- ↑ "Who is Hafiz Saeed?". Times of India. 4 April 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ↑ Samina Yasmeen, "Narratives of Jihad and Islamic Identity: JUD/LeT and the Gulf Connection(s)" in Christophe Jaffrelot & Laurence Louer (ed.), Pan-Islamic Connections: Transnational Networks Between South Asia and the Gulf, Oxford University Press (2018), p. 76
- ↑ "Professor Hafiz Muhammad Saeed". PakistaniLeaders.com. 2007. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ↑ Schmitt, Eric (7 December 2008). "Pakistan's Spies Aided Group Tied to Mumbai Siege". The New York Times.
- ↑ Rahman, Maseeh; Jones, Sam (1 December 2008). "Rumours abound as inquiry begins its search for truth". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed's Son Talha Injured in Assassination Attempt; Lashkar Suspects India's RAW Behind Attack". News18. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Walsh, Declan (7 February 2013). "Pakistani Militant, Price on Head, Lives in Open". The New York Times. p. A1.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed case – LHC seeks reply from Punjab, Centre". Dailytimes.com.pk. 12 November 2002. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009.
- ↑ "LHC orders release of Hafiz Saeed". Dawn. 18 October 2006. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010.
- ↑ Subramanian, Nirupama (18 October 2006). "Court orders Hafiz Saeed's release". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 2 December 2006.
- ↑ McFarquhar, Neil. India wants Pakistani group added to UN's terrorism list, The New York Times, 9 December 2008.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Khan, M Ilyas (2 June 2009). "Profile: Hafiz Mohammad Saeed". BBC News. Islamabad. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 "Pakistan releases 'top militant'". BBC News. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
- ↑ Shazad, Asif (6 July 2009). "Pakistan appeals ruling to release Mumbai suspect". Associated Press. Retrieved 7 July 2009.[dead link]
- ↑ Gangadharan, Surya (27 August 2009). "Interpol notice against Saeed adds to Pak worries". IBN. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
- ↑ "Pakistan curbs on Mumbai accused". BBC News. 21 September 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
- ↑ Nadeem, Atif (13 October 2009). "LHC orders quashing of FIRs against Hafiz Saeed". The News. Retrieved 19 October 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "ISI's major Iqbal, LeT chief Saeed in India's most-wanted list". The Economic Times. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ↑ Anwar Iqbal (26 June 2014). "US puts two LeT leaders on global terrorists list". Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ↑ "26/11 Mastermind Hafiz Saeed's Terror Group Jamaat-ud-Dawa banned in Pakistan", 'DBPOST. 22 February 2019.
- ↑ Georgy, Michael (6 April 2012). "Exclusive: Pakistani with U.S. bounty said helping de-radicalize militants". Reuters. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed responds to US bounty". The News International, Pakistan. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ↑ "Pakistan militant taunts US over $10m bounty". ABC News. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed rejects US terrorism accusations". Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ↑ Habib, Nasir (5 April 2012). "Pakistan wants to see 'concrete evidence' on suspect sought by U.S." CNN. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 Bilal, Rana (11 December 2019). "ATC indicts JuD chief Hafiz Saeed in terror financing case". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- ↑ "Act against terror groups if you want peace with India, US tells Pakistan ahead of Imran Khan's UNGA speech". India Today. Press Trust of India. 27 September 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- ↑ "Chronology of indictment of JuD chief Hafiz Saeed". outlookindia.com. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 "Pak court indicts Hafiz Saeed on terror financing charges". The Hindu. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- ↑ "2 Days before FATF Hearing on Pak Blacklisting, Hafiz Saeed Sentenced for 5 Years in Terror Financing Cases". News18. 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ↑ "Pakistani Militant Leader Convicted Of Terror-Financing Charges". Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ↑ "Pakistan's Anti-Terror Court Sentences JuD Terror Group Chief Hafiz Saeed To 15 Years In Jail In One More Case". The Indian Hawk. 25 December 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed awarded 15-year jail in terror-financing case". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ↑ "Deadly blast in Pakistan near residence of armed group founder". Al Jazeera. 23 June 2021.
- ↑ "Pakistan NSA accuses India of orchestrating Lahore bomb attack". Al Jazeera. 5 July 2021.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed wants Pak leaders to learn from David Cameron's 'Islamic' lifestyle". NDTV.
- ↑ "Saeed: Jihad in concert with Pak. Army". The Hindu. 19 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed: We support Pakistan army's 'jihad' in Kashmir". The Times of India. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed unaware about teachings of Islam: Asaduddin Owaisi". Zee News. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed unaware about 'jihad' in Islam: Asaduddin Owaisi". India TV News. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ↑ "BJP to hold nationwide protest against Shinde's Hindu terror camps remark". IBNLive. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ↑ {{cite news |title=LeT, JuD have congratulated Sushilkumar Shinde for his claims on Hindu terror: RSS |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_let-jud-have-congratulated-sushilkumar-shinde-
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 "Hafiz Saeed blames India for Pakistan floods, calls it 'water terrorism' | India News - Times of India". The Times of India.
- ↑ 82.0 82.1 "Hafiz Saeed blames India for flood in Pakistan; accuses Narendra Modi government of 'water terrorism' – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". 9 September 2014.
- ↑ "India behind Pakistan floods, tweets Hafiz Saeed". India Today. 10 September 2014.
- ↑ "Hafiz Saeed blames 'water terrorism' by India for Kashmir floods". 9 September 2014.
- ↑ "JuD chief Hafiz Saeed says India flooded Pakistan, alleges 'water terrorism' – Firstpost". 10 September 2014.
- ↑ "'Friendly advice': Hafiz Saeed 'advises' Shahrukh Khan to move to Pakistan". The Express Tribune. 27 January 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ↑ "Pakistan should have adopted Punjabi as national language: Hafiz Saeed". Hindustan Times. 6 March 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
External links
- Hafiz Saeed on IMDb
- Hafiz Saeed. Rewards for Justice.
- "Exclusive: Pakistani with U.S. bounty said helping de-radicalize militants" – Reuters, 6 April 2012
- Chronology of indictment of JuD chief Hafiz Saeed by Outlook
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