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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{infobox ethnic group|
{{infobox ethnic group|
| group        = Madhwa Brahmins
| group        = Madhva Brahmins
| poptime      =  
| poptime      =  
| image        = Madhwa Brahmin.jpg
| image        =Brahmin students from.jpg
| image_upright =  
| image_upright =  
| caption      = 1909 illustration of a Madhwa Brahmin with religious symbols on the body
| caption      = 1858 illustration of Madhva Brahmins with religious symbols on London News
| popplace      = [[India]]<br/>[[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Kerala]], [[Goa]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| popplace      = [[India]]<br/>[[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Kerala]], [[Goa]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| rels          = [[Hinduism]] ([[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]])
| rels          = [[Hinduism]] ([[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]])
| langs        = [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]],
| langs        = [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
}}
}}
'''Madhva Brahmins / Madhwa Brahmins''' (also often referred as '''Madhvas / Madhwas''' or '''Sadh-Vaishnavas'''<ref>{{cite book|title=Sadhus of India: The Sociological View|author=Bansi Dhar Tripathi|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1978|page=32|quote=The followers of Madhwa are called Sad- Vaishnavas in contra-distinction to the Vaishnavas of Sri Sampradaya.}}</ref>), are [[Hindu]] [[Brahmin]] communities in India, who follow [[Sadh Vaishnavism]] and [[Dvaita]] philosophy propounded by [[Madhvacharya]]. They are found mostly in the Indian states of [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sh6qWN4dcp4C|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|year=1972|pages=18–22|quote='''Page 18''':The followers of Madhvacharya (especially Vaishnavas) are found all over Mysore, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra, apart from Maharashtra (Savase brahmins of Sangli, Tasgoan, Karad, Satara, etc) and Central Kerala (Gaud Saraswats)....'''Page 22''':The institutions established by Madhva and his successors for the propagation of the system are found in different parts of the country. A large community of Madhva-Vaishnavas drawn mostly (not exclusively) from the brahmin fold has grown round these institutions. It is not a homogenous community on account of the barriers of language, manner's and customs, food habits and restrictions about intermarriages, etc. The largest number of the community are to found in the North Karnataka areas. Next comes The old Mysore areas, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Maharashtra proper, Tulunad (South Kanara) and U.P. Barring the Karnatak area and Tamil Nadu , the largest community of Madhvas is to be found among the Gaud Saraswats.}}</ref>
'''Madhva Brahmins''' (also often referred as '''Madhvas''' or '''Sadh-Vaishnavas'''<ref>{{cite book|title=Sadhus of India: The Sociological View|author=Bansi Dhar Tripathi|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1978|page=32|quote=The followers of Madhwa are called Sad- Vaishnavas in contra-distinction to the Vaishnavas of Sri Sampradaya.}}</ref>), are [[Hindu]] [[Brahmin]] communities in India, who follow [[Sadh Vaishnavism]] and [[Dvaita]] philosophy propounded by [[Madhvacharya]]. They are found mostly in the Indian states of [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sh6qWN4dcp4C|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|year=1972|pages=18–22|quote='''Page 18''':The followers of Madhvacharya (especially Vaishnavas) are found all over Mysore, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra, apart from Maharashtra (Savase brahmins of Sangli, Tasgoan, Karad, Satara, etc) and Central Kerala (Gaud Saraswats)....'''Page 22''':The institutions established by Madhva and his successors for the propagation of the system are found in different parts of the country. A large community of Madhva-Vaishnavas drawn mostly (not exclusively) from the brahmin fold has grown round these institutions. It is not a homogenous community on account of the barriers of language, manner's and customs, food habits and restrictions about intermarriages, etc. The largest number of the community are to found in the North Karnataka areas. Next comes The old Mysore areas, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Maharashtra proper, Tulunad (South Kanara) and U.P. Barring the Karnatak area and Tamil Nadu , the largest community of Madhvas is to be found among the Gaud Saraswats.}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Canarese Brahmins (9902746776).jpg|right|thumb|Madhwa Brahmins, photograph from 1855-1862 CE, Photographs of Western India. Volume I. Costumes and Characters]]
[[File:Jagadguru Madhvacharya.jpg|right|thumb|Vayu three avatars [[Madhva]], [[Bhima]], [[Hanuman]] along with [[Vedavyasa]] and Lord [[Vishnu]] are depicted in this portrait.]]  
The Madhwa community traces its philosophical origins to Madhvacharya, the first said [[Sadh Vaishnava]] acharya, who lived around 13th century. The [[Ashta Mathas of Udupi]] were established by Madhvacharya by his disciples.
The Madhwa community traces its philosophical origins to Madhvacharya, the first said [[Sadh Vaishnava]] acharya, who lived around 13th century. The [[Ashta Mathas of Udupi]] were established by Madhvacharya by his disciples.
Other Acharyas who established mathas after Madhvacharya include [[Padmanabha Tirtha]], [[Naraharitirtha]], [[Akshobhya Tirtha]], [[Jayatirtha]], [[Sripadaraja]], [[Vyasatirtha]], [[Vadiraja Tirtha]], [[Vijayendra Tirtha]], [[Raghavendra Tirtha]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Studies in social history: modern India|author=O. P. Bhatnagar, India. University Grants Commission, University of Allahabad. Dept. of Modern Indian History|publisher=St. Paul's Press Training School|year=1964|pages=133–135}}</ref>
Other Acharyas who established mathas after Madhvacharya include [[Padmanabha Tirtha]], [[Naraharitirtha]], [[Akshobhya Tirtha]], [[Jayatirtha]], [[Sripadaraja]], [[Vyasatirtha]], [[Vadiraja Tirtha]], [[Vijayendra Tirtha]], [[Raghavendra Tirtha]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Studies in social history: modern India|author=O. P. Bhatnagar, India. University Grants Commission, University of Allahabad. Dept. of Modern Indian History|publisher=St. Paul's Press Training School|year=1964|pages=133–135}}</ref>
The affiliations of the Madhwa philosophy extended in the form of temples and monasteries from Udupi in the south to Dwaraka in the [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Life and Teachings of Narayana Guru: In Two Parts|author=Nataraja Guru|publisher=Narayana Gurukula Foundation|year=1990|page=200}}</ref>
The affiliations of the Madhwa philosophy extended in the form of temples and monasteries from Udupi in the South India to Dwaraka in West India to Gaya in the East India to Badrinath in the [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Life and Teachings of Narayana Guru: In Two Parts|author=Nataraja Guru|publisher=Narayana Gurukula Foundation|year=1990|page=200}}</ref>


The town of [[Udupi]] is famous for the [[Udupi Sri Krishna Matha|Sri Krishna temple]] of 13th century. The Madhwas believe that the human soul is saved by the grace of God and God bestows on true devotees. Devotional worship is central to the lives of madhwas.<ref>{{cite book|title=Wholesome nutrition for mind, body, and microflora: the goal of lacto-vegetarianism (recipes of Udipi cuisine included)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZcVAQAAMAAJ|author=Yamuna Lingappa, Banadakoppa T. Lingappa|publisher=Ecobiology Foundation International|year=1992|page=320|isbn = 9780963499905}}</ref>
The town of [[Udupi]] is famous for the [[Udupi Sri Krishna Matha|Sri Krishna temple]] of 13th century. The Madhwas believe that the human soul is saved by the grace of God and God bestows on true devotees. Devotional worship is central to the lives of madhwas.<ref>{{cite book|title=Wholesome nutrition for mind, body, and microflora: the goal of lacto-vegetarianism (recipes of Udipi cuisine included)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZcVAQAAMAAJ|author=Yamuna Lingappa, Banadakoppa T. Lingappa|publisher=Ecobiology Foundation International|year=1992|page=320|isbn = 9780963499905}}</ref>
During the rule of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb shahis of Golkonda]] in 17th century, several Deshastha Madhva Brahmins held high administrative positions such as [[Deshmukh]], [[Deshpande]], [[Majumdar]], Mannavar etc. in the districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] States.<ref>{{cite book |title= Maratha History Seminar, May 28-31, 1970: papers |author= Appasaheb Ganapatrao Pawar |publisher= Shivaji University |year=1971 |quote= The ascendancy of the Qutb-shahis of Golkonda resulted in several Maratha Brahmins of the Madhwa sect, generally called Desasthas, being appointed to high positions. This is evident from several terms such as Deshmukh, Deshpande, Majumdar, Mannavar etc.used in the district's of Andhra to signify certain administrative posts}}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Statewise list of Brahmin communities who have a section that follows the [[Dvaita Vedanta]] of [[Madhvacharya]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Marriage and Family in Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihUTAQAAIAAJ|author=Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas|publisher=AMS Press|year=1978|page=28|isbn = 9780404159757|quote=the Kannada Kamme and Ulcha Kamme are both Smartas and Madhvas : nearly all speak Kannada, a few Telugu also.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yQLAQAAIAAJ|page=157|publisher=Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1988| quote=The Madhwas are followers of the Dwaitha philosophy of Madhwacharya and have sub-sects like the Badaganadu, Aravelu, Aravathuvokkalu, Deshastha, etc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara|author=B. N. Sri Sathyan|publisher=Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1973|page=109|quote=The groups usually styled as Tulu Brahmins are mainly the Shivalli Brahmins whose main centre is Udipi....The Tulu-speaking Brahmins of the present day are largely followers of Madhvacharya. only a small number remaining Smarthas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jooBAAAAMAAJ|author=B. N. Sri Sathyan|publisher=Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1973|page=109|quote=The Koteshwara Brahmins, who are Madhvas, are a small body who take their name from Koteshwara, a place in Coondapur taluk.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt9G1e6JF-QC|author=Kumar Suresh Singh|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=2044|quote=In Tamil Nadu, the Madhwa Brahmins are migrants from Karnataka. They have six sub-groups, they are Aruvela, Aruvanththuvakkalu, Badaganadu, Pennaththurar, Prathamasaki and Desastha and Badaga. They are concentrated in the Madras, Coimbatore, Coonoor and in Ooty.|isbn = 9780195633542}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=B.G. Kher, the Gentleman Premier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EtAAAAAMAAJ|author=M. V. Kamath|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year=1989|page=4|quote=The majority of Karhades are Shaivites and subscribe to Advaita though a small minority are Vaishnavites , having , like many Saraswat brahmins , come under the influence of Madhva.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=States, Citizens and Outsiders: The Uprooted Peoples of South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-7rAAAAMAAJ|page=27|author1=Tapan K. Bose|author2=Rita Manchanda|publisher=South Asia Forum for Human Rights|year=1997|quote=Most notably these were the Deshastha and the Karhade Brahmans many of whom migrated across the Deccan into the east Godavari basin.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India's Communities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ|author=K. S. Singh|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=738|isbn = 9780195633542|quote=The Daivadnya accepted Vaishnavism during the twelfth century under the spiritual influence of Madawacharya, a great Vaishnava saint, but as they were looked down upon by other communities, they began to migrate to Maharashtra and, later, to Goa... ... They have two sects, i.e. Smartha and Vaishnava. Those living in Karnataka and Kerala are mostly Vaishnava.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCpKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT203|title=Citizenship, Community and Democracy in India: From Bombay to Maharashtra, c. 1930 - 1960|page=203|author=Oliver Godsmark|publisher=Routledge|date=29 January 2018|isbn=9781351188210|quote=daivadnya brahman sub-caste originally from coastal Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa}}</ref>
Statewise list of Brahmin communities who have a section that follows the [[Dvaita Vedanta]] of [[Madhvacharya]].<ref>{{cite book|title=B.G. Kher, the Gentleman Premier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EtAAAAAMAAJ|author=M. V. Kamath|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year=1989|page=4|quote=The majority of Karhades are Shaivites and subscribe to Advaita though a small minority are Vaishnavites , having , like many Saraswat brahmins , come under the influence of Madhva.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=States, Citizens and Outsiders: The Uprooted Peoples of South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-7rAAAAMAAJ|page=27|author1=Tapan K. Bose|author2=Rita Manchanda|publisher=South Asia Forum for Human Rights|year=1997|quote=Most notably these were the Deshastha and the Karhade Brahmans many of whom migrated across the Deccan into the east Godavari basin.}}</ref>
 
;Karnataka:
 
*[[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s
*[[Shivalli Brahmin|Shivalli]]s
*[[Koteshwara Brahmins]]
*[[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat]]s
*[[Badaganadu Brahmins|Badaganadu]]s
*Aravathuvokkalu
*Aravelu
*Kannada Kamme
*Uluchukamme
 
;Tamil Nadu:
 
* [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s (migrants from [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]])
* Aruvaththuvakkalu (migrants from [[Karnataka]])
* [[Badaganadu Brahmins|Badaganadu]]s (migrants from [[Karnataka]])
* Aruvela (migrants from [[Karnataka]])
* Pennaththurar Brahmins
* Prathamasakis (migrants from [[Karnataka]])
 
;Maharashtra:
 
*[[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s
*[[Karhade Brahmin|Karhade]]s
*[[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat]]s
*[[Chitpavan]]s{{refn|group=note|Mainly found in Satara, Kolhapur districts, sometimes called Savashes, though a majority have integrated with Deshastha Vaishnavas}}
 
;Andhra Pradesh & Telangana:
 
*[[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Madhva]]s also known as Telugu Madhwas
 
;Bihar:
 
In [[Bihar]], the whole [[Gayawal Brahmins]] are followers of Dvaita philosophy.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now|author=A. M. Shah|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Routledge|accessdate=6 December 2012|page=88|isbn=9781136197710}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Religion in India|author=T. N. Madan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1992|quote=A third religious leader who has had tremendous influence on the Gayawal is Madhavacharya who flourished during the twelfth century ad. The Gayawal caste as a whole is a follower of the Madhava Vaishnava sect, and, as we have noted earlier, the Madhva math is a living religious center that wields a powerful influence on Gayawal.}}</ref>
 
;Goa:
* [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswats]] - [[Salcete]] is a stronghold of Madhwa Saraswats and are staunch devotees of [[Vishnu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A socio-cultural history of Goa from the Bhojas to the Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AGBuAAAAMAAJ|author=Vithal Raghavendra Mitragotri|publisher=Institute Menezes Braganza|year=1999|page=105}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=601}}


;Kerala:
*'''Karnataka''' {{mdash}} [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s, [[Shivalli Brahmin|Shivalli]]s, [[Koteshwara Brahmins]],{{efn|Whole Koteshwara Magane Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jooBAAAAMAAJ|author=B. N. Sri Sathyan|publisher=Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1973|page=109|quote=The Koteshwara Brahmins, who are Madhvas, are a small body who take their name from Koteshwara, a place in Coondapur taluk.}}</ref> [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat]]s,{{efn|Majority of Gaud Saraswat Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya}} [[Badaganadu Brahmins|Badaganadu]]s, [[Karhade]]s, [[Chitpavan]]s, Aravathuvokkalu, [[Niyogi]] (Aravelu, Prathamasaki, Nandavarika), Nanda Vaidikas,<ref>{{cite book|title=Marriage and Family in Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihUTAQAAIAAJ|page=27|author=Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas|publisher=AMS Press|year=1978|isbn = 9780404159757|quote=The Nanda Vaidikas come from the Telugu country and include both Smarthas and Madhvas.}}</ref> Kannada Kamme, Uluchukamme.<ref>{{cite book|title=Marriage and Family in Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihUTAQAAIAAJ|author=Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas|publisher=AMS Press|year=1978|page=28|isbn = 9780404159757|quote=the Kannada Kamme and Ulcha Kamme are both Smartas and Madhvas : nearly all speak Kannada, a few Telugu also.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yQLAQAAIAAJ|page=157|publisher=Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1988| quote=The Madhwas are followers of the Dwaitha philosophy of Madhwacharya and have sub-sects like the Badaganadu, Aravelu, Aravathuvokkalu, Deshastha, etc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara|author=B. N. Sri Sathyan|publisher=Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1973|page=109|quote=The groups usually styled as Tulu Brahmins are mainly the Shivalli Brahmins whose main centre is Udipi....The Tulu-speaking Brahmins of the present day are largely followers of Madhvacharya. only a small number remaining Smarthas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Belgaum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Lm1AAAAIAAJ|page=199|publisher=Karnataka (India), Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1987|quote=Most of the Madhwas of the district speak Kannada at home. Among the Marathi speaking, a few are Chitpavans ( or Kokanasthas ) and Karhades and most of them are Deshasthas.}}</ref>
*In [[Kerala]], the [[Embranthiri]]s follow Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya. There are also other sections of Brahmins who follow Madhva Sampradaya especially in the Central Kerala region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Survey of Ancient India: Literary and cultural perspectives on ancient|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JyIwAQAAIAAJ|page=267|publisher=Anmol Publications|year=1999|author=Raj Kumar|isbn = 9788126101955}}</ref>
*'''Maharashtra''' & '''Madhya Pradesh''' {{mdash}} [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s,{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=532}} [[Karhade Brahmin|Karhade]]s,<ref>{{cite book|title=Understanding Our Fellow Pilgrims|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4IXYAAAAMAAJ|page=65|author=Gregory Naik|publisher=Gujarat Sahitya Prakash|year=2000|quote=The Karhada Brahmins: The Brahmins lived in southern parts of modern Maharashtra, between Konkan and Desh, in a province, then called Karathak, comprising Satara, Sangli, and Kolhapur, with Karad as capital. Hence the name of Karhada Brahmins. Among them too there are Smartas and Madhvas or Bhagwats (Vaishnavites).|isbn=9788187886105}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&pg=PA113|page=113|publisher=Asian Educational Services|author=Syed Siraj ul Hassan|year=1989|isbn=9788120604889|quote=The Karhades are all Rigvedis of the Shakala Shaka, who respect the sutra, or aphorism, of Ashwalayana. They belong to both the Smartha, and the Vaishnava sects, and in religious and spiritual matters follow the guidance of Sri Shankaracharya, and Madhwacharya, respectively.}}</ref> [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat]]s, [[Chitpavan]]s,{{efn|Mainly found in Satara, Pune, Kolhapur districts of Maharashtra and North Karnataka region of Karnataka}} Savase Brahmins{{efn|Sharma says Savase Brahmins are found in large numbers in the Satara, Valva, Tasgoan, Koregoan and Karad taluks of Satara district of Maharashtra and in parts of [[Dharwad district]] in Karnataka.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=542}}}} and Chitrakoot Madhvas.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Chitpavans: Social Ascendancy of a Creative Minority in Maharashtra, 1818-1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ|author=Sandhya Gokhale|publisher=Shubhi Publications|year=2008|page=27|isbn = 9788182901322}}</ref>
*[[Gaud Saraswat]]s (migrants from [[Konkan]])
*'''Tamil Nadu''' {{mdash}} [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s (migrants from [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]]), Aruvaththuvakkalu (migrants from [[Karnataka]]), [[Badaganadu Brahmins|Badaganadu]]s (migrants from [[Karnataka]]), Pennaththurar Brahmins,{{efn|Entire Pennaththurar Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya}} [[Niyogi|Niyogi Brahmins]] (Aruvela and Prathamasakis).<ref>{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt9G1e6JF-QC|author=Kumar Suresh Singh|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=2044|quote=In Tamil Nadu, the Madhwa Brahmins are migrants from Karnataka. They have six sub-groups, they are Aruvela, Aruvanththuvakkalu, Badaganadu, Pennaththurar, Prathamasaki and Desastha and Badaga. They are concentrated in the Madras, Coimbatore, Coonoor and in Ooty.|isbn = 9780195633542}}</ref>
*'''Andhra Pradesh''' & '''Telangana''' {{mdash}} [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Madhva]]s and Telugu Madhvas (Telugu Brahmins who converted to Madhva faith).{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=227}}
*'''Bihar''' {{mdash}} In [[Bihar]], the whole [[Gayawal Brahmins]] are followers of Dvaita philosophy.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now|author=A. M. Shah|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Routledge|accessdate=6 December 2012|page=88|isbn=9781136197710}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Religion in India|author=T. N. Madan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1992|quote=A third religious leader who has had tremendous influence on the Gayawal is Madhavacharya who flourished during the twelfth century ad. The Gayawal caste as a whole is a follower of the Madhava Vaishnava sect, and, as we have noted earlier, the Madhva math is a living religious center that wields a powerful influence on Gayawal.}}</ref>
*'''Goa''' {{mdash}} [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswats]] - [[Bardez]] and [[Salcete]] regions are a stronghold of Madhwa Saraswats and are staunch devotees of [[Vishnu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A socio-cultural history of Goa from the Bhojas to the Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AGBuAAAAMAAJ|author=Vithal Raghavendra Mitragotri|publisher=Institute Menezes Braganza|year=1999|page=105}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=601}}
*'''Kerala''' {{mdash}} In [[Kerala]], the [[Embranthiri]]s and the [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]]s are followers Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya. There is also a section among [[Nambudiri|Nambudiri Brahmins]] who follow Madhvacharya.<ref>{{cite book|title=Survey of Ancient India: Literary and cultural perspectives on ancient|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JyIwAQAAIAAJ|page=267|publisher=Anmol Publications|year=1999|author=Raj Kumar|isbn = 9788126101955}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=583}}


==Society and culture==
==Society and culture==
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===Language===
===Language===
Madhwa Brahmins are not a homogeneous community. Followers of [[Madhvacharya]] include Brahmins from multiple regions and are from various linguistic backgrounds. Madhwas who speak [[Kannada language|Kannada]], one of the major languages of the mainly southern [[Dravidian languages]] group, speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bakhtin and Translation Studies: Theoretical Extensions and Connotations|page=83|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|author=Dr. Amith Kumar P.V.|quote=The Madhwa Brahmins speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. Their language is punctuated by Sanskrit shlokas}}</ref> Even in the non-Kannada states Madhwas speak Kannada in their homes but with outsiders they speak the native language of that state.<ref>{{cite book|title=Tamil Nadu, Part 2|page=854|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|year=1997|author= R. Thirumalai, S. Manoharan|quote=The Madhva speak Kannada, their mother tongue, in their homes but with outsiders they speak Tamil}}</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Madhva Brahmin]]s, who are spread in [[Maharashtra]] and throughout [[South India]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CK0oAQAAIAAJ|title=Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, Volumes 8-9|publisher=Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois|page=199|year=1978|quote=The Desastha Madhwa brahmins in the South have traditionally been bilingual in Marathi and Kannada, Telugu or Tamil}}</ref> The [[Tulu language|Tulu]] speaking Madhva brahmins are [[Shivalli Brahmins|Shivalli Madhva Brahmins]]. They are present in the coastal districts of [[Udupi]], [[Dakshina Kannada]] of present day Karnataka state, [[Kasargod]] and other parts of Kerala state. The [[Konkani language|Konkani]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat Madhva Brahmin]]s, who are spread throughout the [[Coastal Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Kerala]] .{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=152}} The [[Bihari language|Bihari]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are [[Gayawal Brahmin]]s, who are spread throughout the [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] and [[Benares]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sacred Complex in Hindu Gaya|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredcomplexinh00vidy|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/sacredcomplexinh00vidy/page/n89 54]|author=Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1978}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=476}}
Madhwa Brahmins are not a homogeneous community. Followers of [[Madhvacharya]] include Brahmins from multiple regions and are from various linguistic backgrounds. Madhwas who speak [[Kannada language|Kannada]], one of the major languages of the mainly southern [[Dravidian languages]] group, speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bakhtin and Translation Studies: Theoretical Extensions and Connotations|page=83|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|author=Dr. Amith Kumar P.V.|quote=The Madhwa Brahmins speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. Their language is punctuated by Sanskrit shlokas}}</ref> Even in the non-Kannada states Madhwas speak Kannada in their homes but with outsiders they speak the native language of that state.<ref>{{cite book|title=Tamil Nadu, Part 2|page=854|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|year=1997|author= R. Thirumalai, S. Manoharan|quote=The Madhva speak Kannada, their mother tongue, in their homes but with outsiders they speak Tamil}}</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking Shivalli Madhva Brahmins are all followers of Deshastha Mathas or Deccan Mathas, who are spread in [[Maharashtra]] and throughout [[South India]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CK0oAQAAIAAJ|title=Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, Volumes 8-9|publisher=Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois|page=199|year=1978|quote=The Desastha Madhwa brahmins in the South have traditionally been bilingual in Marathi and Kannada, Telugu or Tamil}}</ref> The [[Tulu language|Tulu]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are followers of Tuluva Mathas. They are mainly concentrated in [[Tulunadu]] region of [[Karnataka]], in the coastal districts of [[Udupi]], [[Dakshina Kannada]] of present-day Karnataka state, and also in [[Kasargod]] and other parts of [[Kerala]] state. The [[Konkani language|Konkani]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat Madhva Brahmin]]s, who are spread throughout the [[Coastal Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Kerala]].{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=152}} The [[Bihari language|Bihari]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are [[Gayawal Brahmin]]s, who are spread throughout the [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] and [[Benares]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sacred Complex in Hindu Gaya|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredcomplexinh00vidy|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/sacredcomplexinh00vidy/page/n89 54]|author=Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1978}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=476}}


===Occupations===
===Occupations===
The traditional occupation of Madhwa Brahmins is [[priesthood]], but they also engaged in occupations such as [[agriculture]] and the [[business]]. At present, the majority of them work in government and private sectors.<ref>{{cite book|title=People of India: India's communities, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ|page=2044|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|isbn = 9788185579092|quote=The Madhwa Brahman are traditionally priests . In addition , they are engaged in agriculture and business . At present , most of them are in government and private services .}}</ref>


The [[Shivalli]] Madhvas and [[Deshastha]] Madhvas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. The [[Gaud Saraswat]] Madhvas are a religiously self-contained community. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.<ref>{{cite book|title=Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnvXAAAAMAAJ|page=123|author1=Vasudha Dalmia|author2=Angelika Malinar|author3=Martin Christof|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn = 9780195654530|quote=While the GSBs tend to be a religiously self-contained community, the Taulavas and Desasthas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.}}</ref>
The Tuluva Madhvas and [[Deshastha]] Madhvas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. The [[Gaud Saraswat]] Madhvas are a religiously self-contained community. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.<ref>{{cite book|title=Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnvXAAAAMAAJ|page=123|author1=Vasudha Dalmia|author2=Angelika Malinar|author3=Martin Christof|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn = 9780195654530|quote=While the GSBs tend to be a religiously self-contained community, the Taulavas and Desasthas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.}}</ref> In [[Bihar]], [[Gayawal Brahmin]]s are traditionally priests. They are the priests in the famous [[Vishnupad Temple, Gaya]], who also hold a traditional monopoly over the performance of shraddha rituals on the Ghats of [[Gaya, India|Gaya]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of Social Research, Volume 17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JuUKAAAAIAAJ|page=3|publisher=Council of Social and Cultural Research, Bihar|year=1974}}</ref>


===Diet===
===Diet===
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Madhwa Brahmins are pure vegetarian and their staple cereals are [[rice]] and [[wheat]].<ref>{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=2045|isbn = 9780195633542|quote=They are pure vegetarian and the staple cereals are rice and wheat}}</ref> [[Udupi cuisine]] is a synonymous name to Madhwa cuisine. It is a major [[vegetarian cuisine]] of Karnataka, which includes a combination of cereals, pulses, vegetables and spices.<ref>[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/secrets-from-the-udupi-kitchen/16166175 Secrets From The Udupi Kitchen]</ref>
Madhwa Brahmins are pure vegetarian and their staple cereals are [[rice]] and [[wheat]].<ref>{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=2045|isbn = 9780195633542|quote=They are pure vegetarian and the staple cereals are rice and wheat}}</ref> [[Udupi cuisine]] is a synonymous name to Madhwa cuisine. It is a major [[vegetarian cuisine]] of Karnataka, which includes a combination of cereals, pulses, vegetables and spices.<ref>[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/secrets-from-the-udupi-kitchen/16166175 Secrets From The Udupi Kitchen]</ref>


Typical Madhwa cuisine consists of Saaru ([[Rasam (dish)|Rasam]]), Huli ([[Sambar (dish)|Sambar]]), Gojju and Anna (Rice).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiafoodnetwork.in/food-stories/a-peek-into-a-madhwa-brahmin-kitchen/|title=A Peek Into A Madhwa Brahmin Kitchen|publisher=India Food Nerwork}}</ref> Gojju is generally a beloved dish to entire Madhwa community.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curry Easy Vegetarian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lo2JBAAAQBAJ&q=madhwa+brahmin+vegetarian&pg=PT63|publisher=[[Random House|Penguin Random House]]|author=Madhur Jaffrey|year=2014|isbn = 9781473503458}}</ref>
Typical Madhwa cuisine consists of Saaru ([[Rasam (dish)|Rasam]]), Huli ([[Sambar (dish)|Sambar]]), Gojju and Anna (Rice).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiafoodnetwork.in/food-stories/a-peek-into-a-madhwa-brahmin-kitchen/|title=A Peek Into A Madhwa Brahmin Kitchen|date=10 October 2015|publisher=India Food Nerwork}}</ref> Gojju is generally a beloved dish to entire Madhwa community.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curry Easy Vegetarian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lo2JBAAAQBAJ&q=madhwa+brahmin+vegetarian&pg=PT63|publisher=[[Random House|Penguin Random House]]|author=Madhur Jaffrey|year=2014|isbn = 9781473503458}}</ref>
In sweets, Hayagreeva is a very common sweet dish made in most Madhwa Brahmin homes, made using Bengal gram with jaggery and coconut.
In sweets, Hayagreeva is a very common sweet dish made in most Madhwa Brahmin homes, made using Bengal gram with jaggery and coconut.
<ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/content/642915/sweets-karnataka-deserve-geographical-indication.html Sweets from Karnataka that deserve Geographical Indication (GI)]</ref>
<ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/content/642915/sweets-karnataka-deserve-geographical-indication.html Sweets from Karnataka that deserve Geographical Indication (GI)]</ref>


==Social and political issues==
==Social and political issues==
In 2017, [[Government of Karnataka]] took stand against superstition and planned to Ban all superstition practices including Black Magic by introducing ''The Karnataka Prevention and Eradication of Inhuman Evil Practices and Black Magic Bill, 2017'' in assembly. After much debate, practices like 'Mudradharane' by Madhwa Brahmins have been exempted. As per this practice, 'Mudras' (Seal- Chakra & Shanka) usually made of gold or copper are heated in the yajna fire and stamped on the body.<ref>{{cite web|title=Karnataka Takes Stand Against Superstition, Bans All Evil Practices Including Black Magic|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/karnataka-takes-stand-against-superstition-bans-all-evil-practices-including-black-magic-333871.html|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref>
In 2017, the [[government of Karnataka]] introduced ''The Karnataka Prevention and Eradication of Inhuman Evil Practices and Black Magic Bill, 2017'' in the assembly, which planned to ban all superstition practices considered black magic that promoted "social evils" and the persecution of skeptics. After much debate, Madhwa practices were exempted. In this practice, [[mudras]] usually made of gold or copper are heated in the [[yajna]] fire and stamped on the body.<ref>{{cite web|title=Karnataka Takes Stand Against Superstition, Bans All Evil Practices Including Black Magic|date=17 November 2017|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/karnataka-takes-stand-against-superstition-bans-all-evil-practices-including-black-magic-333871.html|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
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*[[Kumara Vyasa]] (1419-1446) - an influential and classical, early 15th century poet in the Kannada language. His pen name is a tribute to his magnum opus, a rendering of the Mahabharata in Kannada.<ref>{{cite book|author1=C. T. M. Kotraiah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIAMAQAAMAAJ|title=Archaeology of Hampi-Vijayanagara|author2=K. M. Suresh|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|year=2008|isbn=9788180902116|page=390|accessdate=1 January 2008}}</ref>
*[[Kumara Vyasa]] (1419-1446) - an influential and classical, early 15th century poet in the Kannada language. His pen name is a tribute to his magnum opus, a rendering of the Mahabharata in Kannada.<ref>{{cite book|author1=C. T. M. Kotraiah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIAMAQAAMAAJ|title=Archaeology of Hampi-Vijayanagara|author2=K. M. Suresh|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|year=2008|isbn=9788180902116|page=390|accessdate=1 January 2008}}</ref>
* [[Purandara Dasa]] (1484–1564) - a [[Haridasa]], who is widely referred to as the ''Pitamaha'' (''lit'', "father" or the "grandfather") of [[Carnatic Music]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Purandaradāsa|title=Sree Puranḍara gānāmrutham: text with notation|author2=A. S. Panchapakesa Iyer|publisher=Gānāmrutha Prachuram|year=1992|quote=Shri Purandara dasa who is considered to be the aadhiguru and Sangeeta Pitamaha of carnatic music was born in purandaragad in Ballary District near the town of Hampi, to a millionaire Varadappa Nayak and Kamalambal, a devoted wife and great lady, belonging to Madhva Desastha Brahmin race, by the blessings of Tirupati Venkatachalapathi in the year 1484.}}</ref>
* [[Purandara Dasa]] (1484–1564) - a [[Haridasa]], who is widely referred to as the ''Pitamaha'' (''lit'', "father" or the "grandfather") of [[Carnatic Music]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Purandaradāsa|title=Sree Puranḍara gānāmrutham: text with notation|author2=A. S. Panchapakesa Iyer|publisher=Gānāmrutha Prachuram|year=1992|quote=Shri Purandara dasa who is considered to be the aadhiguru and Sangeeta Pitamaha of carnatic music was born in purandaragad in Ballary District near the town of Hampi, to a millionaire Varadappa Nayak and Kamalambal, a devoted wife and great lady, belonging to Madhva Desastha Brahmin race, by the blessings of Tirupati Venkatachalapathi in the year 1484.}}</ref>
* [[Mysore Vasudevacharya]]
* [[Dewan]] [[Purnaiah]] (1746-1812) - the [[Dewan]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Kingdom]] under three rulers [[Hyder Ali]], [[Tipu Sultan]] and [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wadiyar]]. He is also founder of [[Yelandur estate]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/135632/F |title=Statesman and a survivor|work=Deccab Herald |date=7 February 2011 }}</ref>
* [[Dewan]] [[Purnaiah]] (1746-1812) - the [[Dewan]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Kingdom]] under three rulers [[Hyder Ali]], [[Tipu Sultan]] and [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wadiyar]]. He is also founder of [[Yelandur estate]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/135632/F |title=Statesman and a survivor|work=Deccab Herald |date=7 February 2011 }}</ref>
*[[Satyadharma Tirtha]] (1743-1830) - a scholar, saint and mystic of [[Dvaita|Dvaita order of Vedanta]]; 28th pontiff of [[Uttaradi Matha]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Rajaram N S|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGiDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT447|title=The Vanished Raj A Memoir of Princely India|date=12 January 2019|publisher=Prism Books Private Limited|isbn=9789388478113|page=447|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref>
*[[Satyadharma Tirtha]] (1743-1830) - a scholar, saint and mystic of [[Dvaita|Dvaita order of Vedanta]]; 28th pontiff of [[Uttaradi Matha]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Rajaram N S|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGiDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT447|title=The Vanished Raj A Memoir of Princely India|date=12 January 2019|publisher=Prism Books Private Limited|isbn=9789388478113|page=447|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref>
*[[Kanchi Krishnaswamy Rao]] (1845 – 1923) - [[Diwan of Travancore]] from 1898–1904.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0WJ_swEACAAJ|title=The Indian Biographical Dictionary, 1915 (Classic Reprint)|page=238|chapter=C. Hayavandana Rao|date=24 February 2018|publisher=Fb&c Limited|isbn=9780666284051|accessdate=24 February 2018|quote=(page 238) Krishnaswami Rao Kanchi, Dewan Bahadur, (1895), C.I.E, (1898), Dewan of Travsncore (retired), belongs to respectable Madhwa Deshastha Brahmin family; of late Mr. Kanchi Venkat Rao; b. 1845.}}</ref>
*[[Kanchi Krishnaswamy Rao]] (1845 – 1923) - [[Diwan of Travancore]] from 1898 to 1904.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0WJ_swEACAAJ|title=The Indian Biographical Dictionary, 1915 (Classic Reprint)|page=238|chapter=C. Hayavandana Rao|date=24 February 2018|publisher=Fb&c Limited|isbn=9780666284051|accessdate=24 February 2018|quote=(page 238) Krishnaswami Rao Kanchi, Dewan Bahadur, (1895), C.I.E, (1898), Dewan of Travsncore (retired), belongs to respectable Madhwa Deshastha Brahmin family; of late Mr. Kanchi Venkat Rao; b. 1845.}}</ref>
*[[Veene Sheshanna]] (1852 - 1926) - an exponent of the [[Veena]], an [[India]]n string instrument, which he played in the classical [[Carnatic music]] style. He was a concert musician at the court of the princely state of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]].<ref>{{cite book|author=P.N. Sundaresan|title=Sruti, Issues 112-113|year=1994|page=9|quote=Born in 1852 in a Madhwa brahmin family, Seshanna was the son of Veena- Bakshi Chikkaramappa, a vidwan in Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's court and a descendant of Pachimiriam Adiappaiah, the creator of the immortal Bhairavi}}</ref>
*[[Veene Sheshanna]] (1852 - 1926) - an exponent of the [[Veena]], an [[India]]n string instrument, which he played in the classical [[Carnatic music]] style. He was a concert musician at the court of the princely state of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]].<ref>{{cite book|author=P.N. Sundaresan|title=Sruti, Issues 112-113|year=1994|page=9|quote=Born in 1852 in a Madhwa brahmin family, Seshanna was the son of Veena- Bakshi Chikkaramappa, a vidwan in Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's court and a descendant of Pachimiriam Adiappaiah, the creator of the immortal Bhairavi}}</ref>
* [[P. N. Krishnamurti]] (1849 – 1911) - Dewan of [[Mysore state]] and 5th Jagirdar of [[Yelandur estate]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 73|publisher=The Society|year=1982|page=124|quote=P.N.Krishnamurthi Mysorean and Madhwa Brahmin was a Dewan}}</ref>
* [[P. N. Krishnamurti]] (1849 – 1911) - Dewan of [[Mysore state]] and 5th Jagirdar of [[Yelandur estate]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 73|publisher=The Society|year=1982|page=124|quote=P.N.Krishnamurthi Mysorean and Madhwa Brahmin was a Dewan}}</ref>
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*[[Bhimsen Joshi]] (1922 – 2011) - an Indian singer from Karnataka in the [[Hindustani classical]] tradition and [[Bharat Ratna]] and [[Padma Shri]] awardee.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Dharwad Gharana: Hindustani music's southern home|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dharwad-gharana-hindustani-musics-southern-home-34850|publisher=THE NEWS MINUTE|quote=A name that stands tall is that of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi born to a Madhwa Brahmin family of scholars in Gadag, Bhimsen took his training under the great Pt Rambhau Kundgolkar, popular as ‘Sawai Gandharva’.}}</ref>
*[[Bhimsen Joshi]] (1922 – 2011) - an Indian singer from Karnataka in the [[Hindustani classical]] tradition and [[Bharat Ratna]] and [[Padma Shri]] awardee.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Dharwad Gharana: Hindustani music's southern home|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dharwad-gharana-hindustani-musics-southern-home-34850|publisher=THE NEWS MINUTE|quote=A name that stands tall is that of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi born to a Madhwa Brahmin family of scholars in Gadag, Bhimsen took his training under the great Pt Rambhau Kundgolkar, popular as ‘Sawai Gandharva’.}}</ref>
*[[Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao]] (1922 - 2013) - an [[India]]n [[archeologist|archaeologist]] who led teams credited with the discovery of a number of [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan]] sites including the port city [[Lothal]] and [[Bet Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Baiderbettu Upendra Nayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ApuAAAAMAAJ|title=New trends in Indian art and archaeology: S.R. Rao's 70th birthday felicitation volume, Volume 1|author2=N. C. Ghosh|author3=Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|year=1992|isbn=9788185689135|page=xxi|quote=Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (S. R. Rao) was born on 1st July, 1920 at Anandapuram in Sagar taluk of [[Shimoga district]] in the erstwhile Mysore (now Karnataka) state. His father Shikaripur Hucha Rao, a Madhwa Brahmin, was well educated up to the first year in Arts and wanted to practise Law.}}</ref>
*[[Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao]] (1922 - 2013) - an [[India]]n [[archeologist|archaeologist]] who led teams credited with the discovery of a number of [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan]] sites including the port city [[Lothal]] and [[Bet Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Baiderbettu Upendra Nayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ApuAAAAMAAJ|title=New trends in Indian art and archaeology: S.R. Rao's 70th birthday felicitation volume, Volume 1|author2=N. C. Ghosh|author3=Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|year=1992|isbn=9788185689135|page=xxi|quote=Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (S. R. Rao) was born on 1st July, 1920 at Anandapuram in Sagar taluk of [[Shimoga district]] in the erstwhile Mysore (now Karnataka) state. His father Shikaripur Hucha Rao, a Madhwa Brahmin, was well educated up to the first year in Arts and wanted to practise Law.}}</ref>
*[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] (1950-2009) - an Indian film actor predominantly in kannada cinema.<ref>[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=July 2021}}
*[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] (1950-2009) - an Indian film actor predominantly in Kannada cinema.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vishnuvardhan: The silent superstar|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-vishnuvardhan-passed-away/20091230.htm|publisher=Rediff News|date=30 December 2009}}</ref>
*[[U. R. Ananthamurthy]] (1932 - 2014) - a contemporary writer and critic in the [[Kannada language]];Winner of [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-mind-and-metaphors-of-ur-ananthamurthy/article6367252.ece The mind and metaphors of U.R. Ananthamurthy - The Hindu]</ref>
*[[U. R. Ananthamurthy]] (1932 - 2014) - a contemporary writer and critic in the [[Kannada language]];Winner of [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-mind-and-metaphors-of-ur-ananthamurthy/article6367252.ece The mind and metaphors of U.R. Ananthamurthy - The Hindu]</ref>
*[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] (1933 – 2018) - a leading Telugu actress of the 1960s and 1980s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Changing roles with the years|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/book-on-telugu-actor-krishna-kumari/article8660318.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=28 May 2016}}</ref>
*[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] (1933 – 2018) - a leading Telugu actress of the 1960s and 1980s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Changing roles with the years|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/book-on-telugu-actor-krishna-kumari/article8660318.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=28 May 2016}}</ref>
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*[[Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar]] (1911 - 1996) - a celebrated artist known for his [[India]] themed artworks; Winner of [[Padma Shri]] and [[Padma Bhushan]] awards.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Absorption of Hydrocarbon Gases by Non-aqueous Liquids|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq1mAAAAMAAJ|author=Alonzo Simpson McDaniel|publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison|year=1990|page=124|quote=Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born on 15 June 1912 at Kattingeri, a village in Udupi Taluk of Dakshina Kannada District of coastal Karnataka, in a middle-class Kannada- speaking, Madhwa, Shivalli Brahman family.}}</ref>
*[[Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar]] (1911 - 1996) - a celebrated artist known for his [[India]] themed artworks; Winner of [[Padma Shri]] and [[Padma Bhushan]] awards.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Absorption of Hydrocarbon Gases by Non-aqueous Liquids|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq1mAAAAMAAJ|author=Alonzo Simpson McDaniel|publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison|year=1990|page=124|quote=Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born on 15 June 1912 at Kattingeri, a village in Udupi Taluk of Dakshina Kannada District of coastal Karnataka, in a middle-class Kannada- speaking, Madhwa, Shivalli Brahman family.}}</ref>
*[[Nagesh|Cheyur Krishna Nageshwaran]] (1933 – 2009) - acted over 1,000 films in Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and Kannada, mostly remembered for his roles as a comedian during the 1960s. He earned the sobriquet the "Jerry Lewis of India"
*[[Nagesh|Cheyur Krishna Nageshwaran]] (1933 – 2009) - acted over 1,000 films in Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and Kannada, mostly remembered for his roles as a comedian during the 1960s. He earned the sobriquet the "Jerry Lewis of India"
*[[Pralhad Joshi]] Pralhad Venkatesh Joshi (born 27 November 1962) is an Indian politician who is the current Minister of Coal of India, with additional portfolio Parliamentary Affairs and Mines in the central cabinet under the Prime Minister Modi since from May 2019. He has been a member of Lok Sabha since 2004 and was elected to 17th Lok Sabha in 2019 from the Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency. He was Karnataka State President of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from 2014 to 2016. He served in the panel of chairpersons of Lok sabha (2014-2018)
*[[Pralhad Joshi]] Pralhad Venkatesh Joshi (born 27 November 1962) is an Indian politician who is the current Minister of Coal of India from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].
*[[N. R. Narayana Murthy]] is the founder of Infosys, and has been the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president, and chief mentor of the company.
*[[N. R. Narayana Murthy]] is the founder of Infosys, and has been the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president, and chief mentor of the company.
*[[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] Upendra Rao, known mononymously as Upendra, is an Indian filmmaker, actor and politician known for his work in Kannada cinema.
*[[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] Upendra Rao, known mononymously as Upendra, is an Indian filmmaker, actor and politician known for his work in Kannada cinema.
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==

Revision as of 07:32, 15 April 2022


Madhva Brahmins
1858 illustration of Madhva Brahmins with religious symbols on London News
Regions with significant populations
India
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
Languages
Kannada, Konkani, Marathi, Telugu, Tulu, Tamil, Malayalam
Religion
Hinduism (Vaishnava)

Madhva Brahmins (also often referred as Madhvas or Sadh-Vaishnavas[1]), are Hindu Brahmin communities in India, who follow Sadh Vaishnavism and Dvaita philosophy propounded by Madhvacharya. They are found mostly in the Indian states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.[2]

History

File:Jagadguru Madhvacharya.jpg
Vayu three avatars Madhva, Bhima, Hanuman along with Vedavyasa and Lord Vishnu are depicted in this portrait.

The Madhwa community traces its philosophical origins to Madhvacharya, the first said Sadh Vaishnava acharya, who lived around 13th century. The Ashta Mathas of Udupi were established by Madhvacharya by his disciples. Other Acharyas who established mathas after Madhvacharya include Padmanabha Tirtha, Naraharitirtha, Akshobhya Tirtha, Jayatirtha, Sripadaraja, Vyasatirtha, Vadiraja Tirtha, Vijayendra Tirtha, Raghavendra Tirtha.[3] The affiliations of the Madhwa philosophy extended in the form of temples and monasteries from Udupi in the South India to Dwaraka in West India to Gaya in the East India to Badrinath in the North India.[4]

The town of Udupi is famous for the Sri Krishna temple of 13th century. The Madhwas believe that the human soul is saved by the grace of God and God bestows on true devotees. Devotional worship is central to the lives of madhwas.[5]

Demographics

Statewise list of Brahmin communities who have a section that follows the Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya.[6][7]

Society and culture

Masala dosa with Sambar and chutney in Udupi

Language

Madhwa Brahmins are not a homogeneous community. Followers of Madhvacharya include Brahmins from multiple regions and are from various linguistic backgrounds. Madhwas who speak Kannada, one of the major languages of the mainly southern Dravidian languages group, speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect.[27] Even in the non-Kannada states Madhwas speak Kannada in their homes but with outsiders they speak the native language of that state.[28] The Marathi, Kannada, Telugu and Tamil speaking Shivalli Madhva Brahmins are all followers of Deshastha Mathas or Deccan Mathas, who are spread in Maharashtra and throughout South India.[29] The Tulu speaking Madhva Brahmins are followers of Tuluva Mathas. They are mainly concentrated in Tulunadu region of Karnataka, in the coastal districts of Udupi, Dakshina Kannada of present-day Karnataka state, and also in Kasargod and other parts of Kerala state. The Konkani speaking Madhva Brahmins are Gaud Saraswat Madhva Brahmins, who are spread throughout the Coastal Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Kerala.[30] The Bihari, Magahi and Hindi speaking Madhva Brahmins are Gayawal Brahmins, who are spread throughout the Gaya and Benares.[31][32]

Occupations

The traditional occupation of Madhwa Brahmins is priesthood, but they also engaged in occupations such as agriculture and the business. At present, the majority of them work in government and private sectors.[33]

The Tuluva Madhvas and Deshastha Madhvas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. The Gaud Saraswat Madhvas are a religiously self-contained community. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.[34] In Bihar, Gayawal Brahmins are traditionally priests. They are the priests in the famous Vishnupad Temple, Gaya, who also hold a traditional monopoly over the performance of shraddha rituals on the Ghats of Gaya.[35]

Diet

Main articles: Karnataka cuisine and Maharashtrian cuisine

Madhwa Brahmins are pure vegetarian and their staple cereals are rice and wheat.[36] Udupi cuisine is a synonymous name to Madhwa cuisine. It is a major vegetarian cuisine of Karnataka, which includes a combination of cereals, pulses, vegetables and spices.[37]

Typical Madhwa cuisine consists of Saaru (Rasam), Huli (Sambar), Gojju and Anna (Rice).[38] Gojju is generally a beloved dish to entire Madhwa community.[39] In sweets, Hayagreeva is a very common sweet dish made in most Madhwa Brahmin homes, made using Bengal gram with jaggery and coconut. [40]

Social and political issues

In 2017, the government of Karnataka introduced The Karnataka Prevention and Eradication of Inhuman Evil Practices and Black Magic Bill, 2017 in the assembly, which planned to ban all superstition practices considered black magic that promoted "social evils" and the persecution of skeptics. After much debate, Madhwa practices were exempted. In this practice, mudras usually made of gold or copper are heated in the yajna fire and stamped on the body.[41]

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Whole Koteshwara Magane Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya
  2. ↑ Majority of Gaud Saraswat Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya
  3. ↑ Mainly found in Satara, Pune, Kolhapur districts of Maharashtra and North Karnataka region of Karnataka
  4. ↑ Sharma says Savase Brahmins are found in large numbers in the Satara, Valva, Tasgoan, Koregoan and Karad taluks of Satara district of Maharashtra and in parts of Dharwad district in Karnataka.[17]
  5. ↑ Entire Pennaththurar Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya

References

  1. ↑ Bansi Dhar Tripathi (1978). Sadhus of India: The Sociological View. Popular Prakashan. p. 32. The followers of Madhwa are called Sad- Vaishnavas in contra-distinction to the Vaishnavas of Sri Sampradaya.
  2. ↑ The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 93. Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1972. pp. 18–22. Page 18:The followers of Madhvacharya (especially Vaishnavas) are found all over Mysore, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra, apart from Maharashtra (Savase brahmins of Sangli, Tasgoan, Karad, Satara, etc) and Central Kerala (Gaud Saraswats)....Page 22:The institutions established by Madhva and his successors for the propagation of the system are found in different parts of the country. A large community of Madhva-Vaishnavas drawn mostly (not exclusively) from the brahmin fold has grown round these institutions. It is not a homogenous community on account of the barriers of language, manner's and customs, food habits and restrictions about intermarriages, etc. The largest number of the community are to found in the North Karnataka areas. Next comes The old Mysore areas, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Maharashtra proper, Tulunad (South Kanara) and U.P. Barring the Karnatak area and Tamil Nadu , the largest community of Madhvas is to be found among the Gaud Saraswats.
  3. ↑ O. P. Bhatnagar, India. University Grants Commission, University of Allahabad. Dept. of Modern Indian History (1964). Studies in social history: modern India. St. Paul's Press Training School. pp. 133–135.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ Nataraja Guru (1990). Life and Teachings of Narayana Guru: In Two Parts. Narayana Gurukula Foundation. p. 200.
  5. ↑ Yamuna Lingappa, Banadakoppa T. Lingappa (1992). Wholesome nutrition for mind, body, and microflora: the goal of lacto-vegetarianism (recipes of Udipi cuisine included). Ecobiology Foundation International. p. 320. ISBN 9780963499905.
  6. ↑ M. V. Kamath (1989). B.G. Kher, the Gentleman Premier. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 4. The majority of Karhades are Shaivites and subscribe to Advaita though a small minority are Vaishnavites , having , like many Saraswat brahmins , come under the influence of Madhva.
  7. ↑ Tapan K. Bose; Rita Manchanda (1997). States, Citizens and Outsiders: The Uprooted Peoples of South Asia. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 27. Most notably these were the Deshastha and the Karhade Brahmans many of whom migrated across the Deccan into the east Godavari basin.
  8. ↑ B. N. Sri Sathyan (1973). Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara. Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. p. 109. The Koteshwara Brahmins, who are Madhvas, are a small body who take their name from Koteshwara, a place in Coondapur taluk.
  9. ↑ Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas (1978). Marriage and Family in Mysore. AMS Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780404159757. The Nanda Vaidikas come from the Telugu country and include both Smarthas and Madhvas.
  10. ↑ Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas (1978). Marriage and Family in Mysore. AMS Press. p. 28. ISBN 9780404159757. the Kannada Kamme and Ulcha Kamme are both Smartas and Madhvas : nearly all speak Kannada, a few Telugu also.
  11. ↑ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore. Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1988. p. 157. The Madhwas are followers of the Dwaitha philosophy of Madhwacharya and have sub-sects like the Badaganadu, Aravelu, Aravathuvokkalu, Deshastha, etc.
  12. ↑ B. N. Sri Sathyan (1973). Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara. Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. p. 109. The groups usually styled as Tulu Brahmins are mainly the Shivalli Brahmins whose main centre is Udipi....The Tulu-speaking Brahmins of the present day are largely followers of Madhvacharya. only a small number remaining Smarthas
  13. ↑ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Belgaum. Karnataka (India), Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1987. p. 199. Most of the Madhwas of the district speak Kannada at home. Among the Marathi speaking, a few are Chitpavans ( or Kokanasthas ) and Karhades and most of them are Deshasthas.
  14. ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 532.
  15. ↑ Gregory Naik (2000). Understanding Our Fellow Pilgrims. Gujarat Sahitya Prakash. p. 65. ISBN 9788187886105. The Karhada Brahmins: The Brahmins lived in southern parts of modern Maharashtra, between Konkan and Desh, in a province, then called Karathak, comprising Satara, Sangli, and Kolhapur, with Karad as capital. Hence the name of Karhada Brahmins. Among them too there are Smartas and Madhvas or Bhagwats (Vaishnavites).
  16. ↑ Syed Siraj ul Hassan (1989). The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions, Volume 1. Asian Educational Services. p. 113. ISBN 9788120604889. The Karhades are all Rigvedis of the Shakala Shaka, who respect the sutra, or aphorism, of Ashwalayana. They belong to both the Smartha, and the Vaishnava sects, and in religious and spiritual matters follow the guidance of Sri Shankaracharya, and Madhwacharya, respectively.
  17. ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 542.
  18. ↑ Sandhya Gokhale (2008). The Chitpavans: Social Ascendancy of a Creative Minority in Maharashtra, 1818-1918. Shubhi Publications. p. 27. ISBN 9788182901322.
  19. ↑ Kumar Suresh Singh (1998). India's Communities, Volume 6. Oxford University Press. p. 2044. ISBN 9780195633542. In Tamil Nadu, the Madhwa Brahmins are migrants from Karnataka. They have six sub-groups, they are Aruvela, Aruvanththuvakkalu, Badaganadu, Pennaththurar, Prathamasaki and Desastha and Badaga. They are concentrated in the Madras, Coimbatore, Coonoor and in Ooty.
  20. ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 227.
  21. ↑ A. M. Shah (6 December 2012). The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now. Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 9781136197710. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  22. ↑ T. N. Madan (1992). Religion in India. Oxford University Press. A third religious leader who has had tremendous influence on the Gayawal is Madhavacharya who flourished during the twelfth century ad. The Gayawal caste as a whole is a follower of the Madhava Vaishnava sect, and, as we have noted earlier, the Madhva math is a living religious center that wields a powerful influence on Gayawal.
  23. ↑ Vithal Raghavendra Mitragotri (1999). A socio-cultural history of Goa from the Bhojas to the Vijayanagara. Institute Menezes Braganza. p. 105.
  24. ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 601.
  25. ↑ Raj Kumar (1999). Survey of Ancient India: Literary and cultural perspectives on ancient. Anmol Publications. p. 267. ISBN 9788126101955.
  26. ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 583.
  27. ↑ Dr. Amith Kumar P.V. Bakhtin and Translation Studies: Theoretical Extensions and Connotations. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 83. The Madhwa Brahmins speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. Their language is punctuated by Sanskrit shlokas
  28. ↑ R. Thirumalai, S. Manoharan (1997). Tamil Nadu, Part 2. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 854. The Madhva speak Kannada, their mother tongue, in their homes but with outsiders they speak Tamil
  29. ↑ Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, Volumes 8-9. Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois. 1978. p. 199. The Desastha Madhwa brahmins in the South have traditionally been bilingual in Marathi and Kannada, Telugu or Tamil
  30. ↑ Hebbar 2005, p. 152.
  31. ↑ Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi (1978). The Sacred Complex in Hindu Gaya. Concept Publishing Company. p. 54.
  32. ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 476.
  33. ↑ People of India: India's communities, Volume 5. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 2044. ISBN 9788185579092. The Madhwa Brahman are traditionally priests . In addition , they are engaged in agriculture and business . At present , most of them are in government and private services .
  34. ↑ Vasudha Dalmia; Angelika Malinar; Martin Christof (2001). Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent. Oxford University Press. p. 123. ISBN 9780195654530. While the GSBs tend to be a religiously self-contained community, the Taulavas and Desasthas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.
  35. ↑ Journal of Social Research, Volume 17. Council of Social and Cultural Research, Bihar. 1974. p. 3.
  36. ↑ India's Communities, Volume 5. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 2045. ISBN 9780195633542. They are pure vegetarian and the staple cereals are rice and wheat
  37. ↑ Secrets From The Udupi Kitchen
  38. ↑ "A Peek Into A Madhwa Brahmin Kitchen". India Food Nerwork. 10 October 2015.
  39. ↑ Madhur Jaffrey (2014). Curry Easy Vegetarian. Penguin Random House. ISBN 9781473503458.
  40. ↑ Sweets from Karnataka that deserve Geographical Indication (GI)
  41. ↑ "Karnataka Takes Stand Against Superstition, Bans All Evil Practices Including Black Magic". Indiatimes. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  42. ↑ Journal of the Andhra Historical Society, Volumes 25-26. Andhra Historical Research Society. 1960. p. 175. Krishnadevaraya of Tuluva Dynasty honoured the famous Madhwa Brahmin Poet Vyasatheertha
  43. ↑ A. K. Ramanujan (2006). Poems and a Novella. Oxford University Press. p. 193. ISBN 9780195674989. Saint Vadiraja: Belonged to the sect of the Madhva Brahmins of Udipi.
  44. ↑ C. T. M. Kotraiah; K. M. Suresh (2008). Archaeology of Hampi-Vijayanagara. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. p. 390. ISBN 9788180902116. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
  45. ↑ Purandaradāsa; A. S. Panchapakesa Iyer (1992). Sree Puranḍara gānāmrutham: text with notation. Gānāmrutha Prachuram. Shri Purandara dasa who is considered to be the aadhiguru and Sangeeta Pitamaha of carnatic music was born in purandaragad in Ballary District near the town of Hampi, to a millionaire Varadappa Nayak and Kamalambal, a devoted wife and great lady, belonging to Madhva Desastha Brahmin race, by the blessings of Tirupati Venkatachalapathi in the year 1484.
  46. ↑ "Statesman and a survivor". Deccab Herald. 7 February 2011.
  47. ↑ Rajaram N S (12 January 2019). The Vanished Raj A Memoir of Princely India. Prism Books Private Limited. p. 447. ISBN 9789388478113. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  48. ↑ "C. Hayavandana Rao". The Indian Biographical Dictionary, 1915 (Classic Reprint). Fb&c Limited. 24 February 2018. p. 238. ISBN 9780666284051. Retrieved 24 February 2018. (page 238) Krishnaswami Rao Kanchi, Dewan Bahadur, (1895), C.I.E, (1898), Dewan of Travsncore (retired), belongs to respectable Madhwa Deshastha Brahmin family; of late Mr. Kanchi Venkat Rao; b. 1845.
  49. ↑ P.N. Sundaresan (1994). Sruti, Issues 112-113. p. 9. Born in 1852 in a Madhwa brahmin family, Seshanna was the son of Veena- Bakshi Chikkaramappa, a vidwan in Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's court and a descendant of Pachimiriam Adiappaiah, the creator of the immortal Bhairavi
  50. ↑ The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 73. The Society. 1982. p. 124. P.N.Krishnamurthi Mysorean and Madhwa Brahmin was a Dewan
  51. ↑ "The quarterly journal of the Mythic society (Bangalore)". 56. Mythic Society. 1966: 94. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  52. ↑ Life Sketch of Rajacharitha Visharada Rao Bahadur C.Hayavadana Rao at Google Books at page 94; Quote - "Rao Bahadur C.Hayavadana Rao was born on Tenth of July 1865 at Hosur, Krishnagiri talk in a Madhwa Deshastha Family.His father was C.Raja Rao"
  53. ↑ Rajaram N S (12 January 2019). The Vanished Raj A Memoir of Princely India. Prism Books Private Limited. p. 18. ISBN 9789388478113. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  54. ↑ Datta, Amaresh (1987). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo. Sahithya Akademi. p. 145. ISBN 9788126018031. Born in an orthodox Madhwa Brahmin household, he graduated in Philosophy hons
  55. ↑ Vuppuluri Lakshminarayana Sastri (1920). Encyclopaedia of the Madras Presidency and the Adjacent States. Oriental Enclyclopaedic Publishing Company. p. 610. Mr. Sanjeevi Rao is the youngest of the three sons, born in 1883, of his father Venkobachariar of Palladam, Coimbatore District, belonging to a respected orthodox Madhwa Brahmin family
  56. ↑ Vijendra Kasturi Ranga Varadaraja Rao; S. L. Rao (2002). The Partial Memoirs of V.K.R.V. Rao. Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 9780195658231.
  57. ↑ "Man with saucer eyes". The Hindu. 28 May 2015.
  58. ↑ "The Dharwad Gharana: Hindustani music's southern home". THE NEWS MINUTE. A name that stands tall is that of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi born to a Madhwa Brahmin family of scholars in Gadag, Bhimsen took his training under the great Pt Rambhau Kundgolkar, popular as 'Sawai Gandharva'.
  59. ↑ Baiderbettu Upendra Nayak; N. C. Ghosh; Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (1992). New trends in Indian art and archaeology: S.R. Rao's 70th birthday felicitation volume, Volume 1. Aditya Prakashan. p. xxi. ISBN 9788185689135. Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (S. R. Rao) was born on 1st July, 1920 at Anandapuram in Sagar taluk of Shimoga district in the erstwhile Mysore (now Karnataka) state. His father Shikaripur Hucha Rao, a Madhwa Brahmin, was well educated up to the first year in Arts and wanted to practise Law.
  60. ↑ "Vishnuvardhan: The silent superstar". Rediff News. 30 December 2009.
  61. ↑ The mind and metaphors of U.R. Ananthamurthy - The Hindu
  62. ↑ "Changing roles with the years". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  63. ↑ Kashinath laid to rest: Shivaraj Kumar, Darshan and entire Sandalwood bids tearful adieu
  64. ↑ The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras, Volume 58. Music Academy. 1987. p. 110. Sakharam Rao was born at Madhyarjunam ( Tiruvidaimarudur) in the Tanjore District. He was the eldest son of Gottu Vadya Srinivasa Rao, a famous player of the preceding generation from whom he learnt the art. He was a Madhva Desastha Brahmin and a Rigvedi.
  65. ↑ Alonzo Simpson McDaniel (1990). The Absorption of Hydrocarbon Gases by Non-aqueous Liquids. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 124. Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born on 15 June 1912 at Kattingeri, a village in Udupi Taluk of Dakshina Kannada District of coastal Karnataka, in a middle-class Kannada- speaking, Madhwa, Shivalli Brahman family.

Bibliography

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