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>Pranesh Ravikumar (Please refer the link where it states that "Rahul Sankrityayan (originally Kedar Nath Pandey) was born on April 9, 1893 in a Brahmin family in Azamgarh") |
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{{Short description|Indian scholar and author ( | {{Short description|Indian scholar and author (1893–1963)}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
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| name = Rahul Sankrityayan | | name = Rahul Sankrityayan | ||
| image = Rahul_Sankrityayan_bust_Darjeeling.JPG | | image = Rahul_Sankrityayan_bust_Darjeeling.JPG | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = 240px | ||
| alt = Rahul Sankrityayan | | alt = Rahul Sankrityayan | ||
| caption = Statue of Sankrityayan in Darjeeling | | caption = Statue of Sankrityayan in Darjeeling | ||
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| birth_name = Kedarnath Pandey | | birth_name = Kedarnath Pandey | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1893|4|9|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|1893|4|9|df=y}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Pandaha]], India | | birth_place = [[Pandaha]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]] | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1963|4|14|1893|4|9}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1963|4|14|1893|4|9}} | ||
| death_place = [[Darjeeling]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] | | death_place = [[Darjeeling]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Rahul Sankrityayan''' (born '''Kedarnath Pandey'''; 9 April 1893 – 14 April 1963) was an Indian [[Indian independence movement|independence activist]], writer and a polyglot who wrote in [[Hindi]]. He played a pivotal role in giving travelogue a 'literary form'. He was one of the most widely travelled scholars of [[India]], spending forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home.<ref name="Sharma2009">{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=R. S.|title=Rethinking India's Past|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-569787-2|author-link=Ram Sharan Sharma}}</ref> Sankrityayan is often called the "father of Indian travelogue". | '''Rahul Sankrityayan''' (born '''Kedarnath Pandey'''; 9 April 1893 – 14 April 1963) was an Indian [[Indian independence movement|independence activist]], writer and a [[polyglot]] who wrote in [[Hindi]]. He played a pivotal role in giving travelogue a 'literary form'. He was one of the most widely travelled scholars of [[India]], spending forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home.<ref name="Sharma2009">{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=R. S.|title=Rethinking India's Past|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-569787-2|author-link=Ram Sharan Sharma}}</ref> Sankrityayan is often called the "father of Indian travelogue".{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} | ||
He travelled to many places and wrote many travelogues. He is known for his authentic descriptions about his travel experiences, for instance in his travelogue ''Meri Laddakh Yatra'' ({{Lit|My [[Ladakh]] Journey}}) he covers the regional, historical and cultural aspects of that region judiciously. He became a Buddhist monk (''[[Bhikkhu]]'') and eventually became a [[Marxist]].<ref name="Sharma2009" /> Sankrityayan was an Indian patriot, having been arrested and jailed for three years for his anti-British writings and speeches.<ref name="Sharma2009" /> He is referred to as the 'Greatest Scholar' for his scholarship.<ref name="Sharma2009" /> He was both a [[polymath]] as well as a [[polyglot]].<ref name="Sharma2009" /> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1963.<ref name="Padma Shri Awards">{{cite web|date=2015|title=Padma Awards|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=21 July 2015|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]]}}</ref> | He travelled to many places and wrote many travelogues. He is known for his authentic descriptions about his travel experiences, for instance in his travelogue ''Meri Laddakh Yatra'' ({{Lit|My [[Ladakh]] Journey}}) he covers the regional, historical and cultural aspects of that region judiciously. He became a Buddhist monk (''[[Bhikkhu]]'') and eventually became a [[Marxist]].<ref name="Sharma2009" /> Sankrityayan was an Indian patriot, having been arrested and jailed for three years for his anti-British writings and speeches.<ref name="Sharma2009" /> He is referred to as the 'Greatest Scholar' for his scholarship.<ref name="Sharma2009" /> He was both a [[polymath]] as well as a [[polyglot]].<ref name="Sharma2009" /> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1963.<ref name="Padma Shri Awards">{{cite web|date=2015|title=Padma Awards|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=21 July 2015|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]]}}</ref> | ||
==Childhood== | ==Childhood== | ||
He was born as Kedarnath Pandey to a [[Bhumihar Brahmin|Bhumihar brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rahul Sankrityayan's Work on Caste Is Necessary But Also Invokes Questions of Dalit Agency|url=https://thewire.in/caste/rahul-sankrityayan-on-caste-ambedkar-dalit-agency-upper-caste|access-date=2022-01-16|website=thewire.in|language=en}}</ref> on 9 April 1893 in [[Pandaha]] village.<ref>{{Cite book|title=[[Meri Jeevan Yatra]]|volume=1|pages= | He was born as Kedarnath Pandey to a [[Bhumihar Brahmin|Bhumihar brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rahul Sankrityayan's Work on Caste Is Necessary But Also Invokes Questions of Dalit Agency|url=https://thewire.in/caste/rahul-sankrityayan-on-caste-ambedkar-dalit-agency-upper-caste|access-date=2022-01-16|website=thewire.in|language=en}}</ref> on 9 April 1893 in [[Pandaha]] village.<ref>{{Cite book|title=[[Meri Jeevan Yatra]]|volume=1|pages=1–4; 465–488}} </ref> His ancestral village was Kanaila Chakrapanpur, [[Azamgarh district]], in Eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Machwe1998">{{cite book|author=Prabhakar Machwe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kPPlgMiM388C&pg=PA12|title=Rahul Sankrityayan (Hindi Writer)|date=1 January 1998|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|isbn=978-81-7201-845-0|pages=12–}}</ref> He went to a local primary school. Later he studied and mastered numerous languages independently, as well as learning the art of photography. | ||
==Philosophy== | ==Philosophy== | ||
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==Soviet Union== | ==Soviet Union== | ||
Although he had little formal education, in view of his knowledge and command over the subject, [[Saint Petersburg State University|University of Leningrad]] appointed him Professor of [[Indology]] in 1937–38 and again in 1947–48. | Although he had little formal education, in view of his knowledge and command over the subject, [[Saint Petersburg State University|University of Leningrad]] appointed him Professor of [[Indology]] in 1937–38 and again in 1947–48.{{cn|date=June 2022}} | ||
==Personal life and family== | ==Personal life and family== | ||
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Rahul was married when very young and never came to know anything of his child-wife, Santoshi. Probably he saw her only once in his 40s as per his autobiography: ''[[Meri Jeevan Yatra|Meri Jivan Yatra]]''. During his stay in Soviet Russia a second time, accepting an invitation for teaching Buddhism at Leningrad University, he came in contact with a Mongolian scholar Lola (Ellena Narvertovna Kozerovskaya). She could speak French, English, and Russian and write Sanskrit. She helped him in working on Tibetan- Sanskrit dictionary. Their attachment ended in marriage and birth of son Igor Rahulovich. Mother and son were not allowed to accompany Rahul to India after completion of his assignment due to restrictions imposed by Stalin regime. | Rahul was married when very young and never came to know anything of his child-wife, Santoshi. Probably he saw her only once in his 40s as per his autobiography: ''[[Meri Jeevan Yatra|Meri Jivan Yatra]]''. During his stay in Soviet Russia a second time, accepting an invitation for teaching Buddhism at Leningrad University, he came in contact with a Mongolian scholar Lola (Ellena Narvertovna Kozerovskaya). She could speak French, English, and Russian and write Sanskrit. She helped him in working on Tibetan- Sanskrit dictionary. Their attachment ended in marriage and birth of son Igor Rahulovich. Mother and son were not allowed to accompany Rahul to India after completion of his assignment due to restrictions imposed by Stalin regime. | ||
Late in life, he married | Late in life, he married [[Kamala Sankrityayan]], who was an Indian writer, editor and scholar in Hindi and Nepali of the 20th century. They had a daughter Jaya Sankrityayan Parhawk,<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/sankrityayans-daughter-protests-shifting-of-patna-museum-collection-in-letter-to-cm-nitish/articleshow/60501272.cms Sankrityayan’s daughter protests shifting of Patna Museum Collection, Times of India, Sept 13, 2017]</ref> one son, Jeta. Jeta is a professor of Economics at North Bengal University.<ref>Roles of Rahul Sankrityayan in Nepalese Cultural Tourism is an analysis of Nepalese, BP Badal, Nepal Journal of Development Studies, 2019]</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
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* ''Kaptan Lal'' – 1961 | * ''Kaptan Lal'' – 1961 | ||
* ''Simhal ke Vir Purush'' – 1961 | * ''Simhal ke Vir Purush'' – 1961 | ||
'''Some of his other books are''':- | '''Some of his other books are''':- | ||
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* ''ī hamār laṛāi'" | * ''ī hamār laṛāi'" | ||
* ''Dhunmum Netā'' | * ''Dhunmum Netā'' | ||
* [[Naiki Duniya | * ''[[Naiki Duniya]]'' | ||
* ''Jonk'' | * ''Jonk'' | ||
* ''[[Mehrarun ke Durdasa]]'' | * ''[[Mehrarun ke Durdasa]]'' | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Hindi literature]] | * [[Hindi literature]] | ||
* [[List of Indian writers]] | |||
* [[Dharmananda Damodar Kosambi]] | * [[Dharmananda Damodar Kosambi]] | ||
* [[Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan]] | * [[Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan]] | ||
== References== | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
== Further reading== | == Further reading == | ||
{{Commons category|Rahul Sankrityayan}} | {{Commons category|Rahul Sankrityayan}} | ||
* [[Ram Sharan Sharma]], ''Rahul Sankrityayan and Social Change'', [[Indian History Congress]], 1993. | * [[Ram Sharan Sharma]], ''Rahul Sankrityayan and Social Change'', [[Indian History Congress]], 1993. | ||
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{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}} | {{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}} | ||
{{Indian independence movement}} | {{Indian independence movement}} | ||
{{portal bar|Biography|India|Literature}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||