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{{Infobox deity|name=Marjing|gender=Male|greek_equivalent=[[Ares]]|children=Tolongkhomba|consort=Humu Leima|festivals=[[Lai Haraoba]]|ethnic_group=[[Meitei ethnicity]]|texts=[[Kangjeirol]]|mount=[[Samadon Ayangba]]|deity_of=God of polo, horse, sports and war<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=j3HrAAAAMAAJ&dq=marjing+north+east&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=marjing+horses</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BDMYAAAAIAAJ&dq=marjing&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=marjing+polo+inventor</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5_Sd30LF2fUC&dq=marjing&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=marjing+polo</ref>|weapon=Polostick|animals=[[Horse]]s<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=j3HrAAAAMAAJ&dq=marjing+north+east&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=marjing+horses</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=doQeAAAAMAAJ&dq=marjing&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=marjing+horse</ref>|abode=Heingang hills|affiliation=[[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])|script=ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ|script_name=Meitei|member_of=Divine polo players|hinduism_equivalent=[[Murugan|Kartik]]|norse_equivalent=[[Odin]]}}
{{About|the mythological inventor of the [[polo]]|the historical inventor of the game|Ningthou Kangba}}
'''"Marjing"''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ}}; {{lang-omp|ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯊꯪꯃꯥꯢ ꯍꯟꯄ}}) is a primordial deity in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]]. He is the Guardian of the North East direction.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=j3HrAAAAMAAJ&q=marjing+north+east&dq=marjing+north+east&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC-Yei38bwAhXbYysKHVFJBfw4FBDoATAGegQIBBAD</ref><ref>http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#marjing</ref> According to the legend, he invented the game of [[polo]] ([[Sagol Kangjei]]).<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BDMYAAAAIAAJ&dq=marjing&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=marjing+polo+inventor</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5_Sd30LF2fUC&dq=marjing&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=marjing+polo</ref><ref>http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#marjing</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&q=marjing&dq=marjing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi69-T42sbwAhVIU30KHWfJAe4Q6AEwA3oECAYQAw</ref> He and his divine creature, [[Samadon Ayangba]], reside in the top of the Heingang hills.<ref>http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.News_Links.News_Links_2019.Manipur_female_polo_players_are_riding_up_a_storm_20190323</ref><ref>https://elle.in/article/manipur-polo-women/</ref><ref>https://www.magzter.com/stories/Fashion/Elle-India/Riding-Up-A-Storm</ref><ref>https://www.lapolo.in/blog/manipuri-mythology-polo/</ref>
{{See also|Origin of Polo}}
{{Infobox deity
| type        = Meitei
| name        = Marjing
| deity_of     = God of polo, hockey, horse, sports and war<ref name="Mārg̲">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3HrAAAAMAAJ&q=marjing+horses|title=Mārg̲|date=1960|publisher=Marg Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Lightfoot 1958">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDMYAAAAIAAJ&q=marjing+polo+inventor|title=Dance-rituals of Manipur, India: An Introduction to "Meitei Jagoi"|last=Lightfoot|first=Louise|date=1958|publisher=Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs|isbn=978-1-01-374640-6|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Anvīkshā">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5_Sd30LF2fUC&q=marjing+polo|title=Anvīkshā|date=2004|publisher=Jadavpur University|language=en}}</ref>  
| member_of    = Divine polo players
| image        = Lord Marjing in a mosaic style by Goutamkumar Oinam.jpg
| alt          = <!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption      = God Marjing riding on [[Samaton]], the winged horse
| other_names  = Marching, Ibudhou Marjing, Ebudhou Marjing, Iputhou Marjing, Eputhou Marjing
| hiro        =
| Old_Norse    =
| script_name  =
| script      =
| affiliation  = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]]) and [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])
| cult_center  = Heingang Hills
| abode        = Heingang Hills
| planet      = <!-- or | world = -->
| weapon       = Kangjei (Polostick)
| battles      =
| artifacts    = Kangjei (Polostick)
| animals     = [[Horse]]s<ref name="Mārg̲"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=doQeAAAAMAAJ&q=marjing+horse|title=Religion and Culture of Manipur|last=Singh|first=Moirangthem Kirti|date=1988|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=978-81-7049-021-0|language=en}}</ref>
| symbol      = <!-- or | symbols = -->
| adherents    =
| height      =
| age          =  
| tree        =
| day          =  
| color        = <!-- or | colour = -->
| number      =
| consort      = Humu Leima
| parents      =
| siblings    =
| offspring    = Tolongkhomba (or [[Loyalakpa]] in other stories)
| predecessor  =
| successor    =
| army        =
| mount        = [[Samadon Ayangba]] ({{lang-omp|[[Samaton Ayangpa]]}})  
| texts        = [[Kangjeirol]], [[Leithak Leikharol]]
| gender      = Male
| Greek_equivalent    = [[Ares]]
| Roman_equivalent    =
| Etruscan_equivalent  =
| Christian_equivalent =
| Slavic_equivalent    =
| Hinduism_equivalent  =
| Canaanite_equivalent =
| equivalent1_type = Norse
| equivalent1 = [[Odin]]
| equivalent2_type =  
| equivalent2 =
| region      = [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]])
| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]]
| festivals    = [[Lai Haraoba]]
| dynasty      = [[Chenglei dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qAuDwAAQBAJ&q=Lord+Marjing%2C+chieftain+of+the+Chenglei+tribe%2C+introduced+the+game+of+Sagol+Kangjei%2C+the+predecessor+of+modern+polo&pg=PA152|title=Where Have All the Horses Gone?: How Advancing Technology Swept American Horses from the Road, the Farm, the Range and the Battlefield|last=Levin|first=Jonathan V.|date=2017-10-04|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-6713-3|language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Meitei deities}}
'''Marjing''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ}}) is a primordial deity in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]] of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]]). He is the God of horses, polo, hockey, sports and war.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qQwmFjoQRIC&q=Marjing+Lord+horses+&pg=PA73|title=Tribal Thought and Culture: Essays in Honour of Surajit Chandra Sinha|last=Saraswati|first=Baidyanath|date=1991|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-340-5|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bhattacharjee">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMA7Ve2-VuIC&q=Divine+guardian+Marjing+watches+sport+rituals+performed+Umang+Lai+%28sylvan+deities+representing+ancestors%29+worship+mime+Maibi+%28priestess%29%2C+holding+mallet+her+hand+polo&pg=PT22|title=Che in Paona Bazar|last=Bhattacharjee|first=Kishalay|date=2013-04-11|publisher=Pan Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4472-4741-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uDHyCAAAQBAJ&q=marjing+Lord+horses&pg=PA129|title=Philosophie asiatique/Asian philosophy|last=Fløistad|first=Guttorm|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-011-2510-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name="archive.org">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/politicssocietyc00brar/page/148/mode/2up?q=Marjing+animals+polo+hockey+ball+animal+sick|title=Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East|website=archive.org|year=1998|pages=148|isbn=978-0-19-564331-2|last1=Vijaylakshmi Brara|first1=N.}}</ref> The guardianship of the north eastern direction is alluded to Marjing and the other directions to [[Koubru]] (north west), [[Thangjing]] (south west) and [[Wangbren]] (south east).<ref name="Devi">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&q=In+the+popular+myths+of+Manipur%2C+Marjing+has+been+credited+with+the+invention+of+Sagol+Kangjei+or+polo+and+introducing+it+as+a+national+game.&pg=PA21|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3HrAAAAMAAJ&q=marjing+north+east|title=Mārg̲|date=1960|publisher=Marg Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xsrgg1Mel8UC&q=Guardianship+stipulated+marjing+northeast&pg=PA74|title=Folklore, Public Sphere, and Civil Society|last1=Muthukumaraswamy|first1=M. D.|last2=Kaushal|first2=Molly|date=2004|publisher=NFSC www.indianfolklore.org|isbn=978-81-901481-4-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C2Q-DwAAQBAJ&q=Guardianship+alluded+marjing+north+east&pg=PT355|title=Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation|last1=Dzüvichü|first1=Lipokmar|last2=Baruah|first2=Manjeet|date=2017-11-13|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-27134-9|language=en}}</ref> According to the legend, he invented the game of [[polo]] ([[Sagol Kangjei]]) and introduced it as the national game.<ref name="Lightfoot 1958"/><ref name="Anvīkshā"/><ref name="Devi"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&q=marjing|title=Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy|last=Singh|first=Moirangthem Kirti|date=1998|publisher=Parimal Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&q=The+most+popular+legend+attributes+its+origin+to+Lainingthou+%28Lord+%29+Marjing+introducing+the+game+during+the+reign+of+king+Kangba+before+the+birth+of+Christ&pg=PA5|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en}}</ref> He and his divine creature, [[Samadon Ayangba]], reside in the top of the Heingang hills.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.News_Links.News_Links_2019.Manipur_female_polo_players_are_riding_up_a_storm_20190323|title=Manipur's female polo players are riding up a storm|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>


==See also==
== Origin ==
* [[Wangbren]]
According to the [[Leithak Leikharol]] [[PuYa]], God Marjing (mentioned as ''"Maraching"'') originated from the [[intestine]]s of [[Atingkok|Atiya Sidaba]]. He was created to control [[Samadon Ayangba]], the divine horse ({{lang-omp|Sakon}}). The horse was created from the foot of [[Sanamahi|Ashiba (Sanamahi)]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461915/page/n57/mode/2up?q=Marjing+Leithak+Leikhalon+intestines+Atiya+Sidaba+horse+Ashiba+human+souls+Sagol+Kangjei+Parratt+Meitei+mythology|title=A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy|website=archive.org|date=August 1991|page=57}}</ref>
==References==
 
== Description ==
God Marjing is one of the five gods who enter into the human body and position themselves as one of the [[soul]]s.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/politicssocietyc00brar/page/48/mode/2up?q=Marjing|title=Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East|website=archive.org|year=1998|pages=48|isbn=978-0-19-564331-2|last1=Vijaylakshmi Brara|first1=N.}}</ref> Marjing dwells in the [[heart]] of human body.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/politicssocietyc00brar/page/152/mode/2up?q=Marjing|title=Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East|website=archive.org|year=1998|pages=152|isbn=978-0-19-564331-2|last1=Vijaylakshmi Brara|first1=N.}}</ref> The God is also associated with [[Sagol Kangjei]] ([[Polo]]), the main sports of the [[Meitei people]]. Parratt says ''"His main importance in Meitei mythology is that he is credited with the invention of polo, the national game."''<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461915/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Marjing+kangchei+kangdrum+Khagemba|title=A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy|website=archive.org|date=August 1991|page=59}}</ref>
 
== Mythology ==
[[Sagol Kangjei]] ({{lang-en|Polo}}) is originally the game of gods. There are 7 players on each side. They used ''Kangdrum'' (a ball made from bamboo root). This is what the human beings imitate from them. The first divine polo match was played during the festival of [[Lai Haraoba]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
 
== Worship ==
During the [[Lai Haraoba]] festival, a [[maibi]] (priestess) performs a ritual in the form of a mime. She holds a mallet in her hand and enacts the game of polo.<ref name="Bhattacharjee"/>
 
Every year, in the top of the Heingang Hills, devotees offer polostick ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯥꯡꯆꯩ|kangchei}}, {{lang-mni|ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯩ|kangjei}}) and bamboo-root-ball ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯨꯝ|kangdrum}}) to God Marjing.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> This is done even when any animal in one's house become sick.<ref name="archive.org"/>
 
In 1618 AD, during the reign of King [[Khagemba]], a public worship took place at his abode and also at every watery place on the river side. [[Wild boar]]s, [[duck]]s, [[cock]]s, [[hen]], [[pigeon]]s and other creatures were offered to God Marjing. This was recorded in the [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/31/mode/2up?q=Marjing|title=Religion Of Manipur|website=archive.org|year=1980|pages=31|publisher=Firma Klm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/121/mode/2up?q=Marjing|title=Religion Of Manipur|website=archive.org|year=1980|pages=121|publisher=Firma Klm}}</ref>
 
== Related pages ==
* [[Koubru]] - north west protector
* [[Thangjing]] - south west protector
* [[Wangbren]] - south east protector
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
== Other websites ==
* [https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?search=M%C4%81rjing+North-east&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&fulltext=1&ns0=1&ns100=1&ns102=1&ns106=1&ns114=1 Marjing_English Wikisource]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=Marjing&sin=TXT Marjing_archive.org]
* [http://e-pao.net/epSearchResults.asp?cx=partner-pub-3342616103029311%3A3788634109&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=Marjing&sa.x=0&sa.y=0 Marjing_e-pao.net]
[[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]]
[[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]]
{{simple-Wikipedia}}
{{simple-Wikipedia}}

Revision as of 18:20, 16 March 2022

This article is about the mythological inventor of the polo. For the historical inventor of the game, see Ningthou Kangba.
See also: Origin of Polo
Marjing
God of polo, hockey, horse, sports and war[1][2][3]
Member of Divine polo players
God Marjing riding on Samaton, the winged horse
Other namesMarching, Ibudhou Marjing, Ebudhou Marjing, Iputhou Marjing, Eputhou Marjing
AffiliationMeitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
Major cult centerHeingang Hills
AbodeHeingang Hills
WeaponKangjei (Polostick)
ArtifactsKangjei (Polostick)
AnimalsHorses[1][4]
MountSamadon Ayangba (Old Manipuri: Samaton Ayangpa)
TextsKangjeirol, Leithak Leikharol
GenderMale
RegionAncient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur)
Ethnic groupMeitei ethnicity
FestivalsLai Haraoba
Personal information
ConsortHumu Leima
OffspringTolongkhomba (or Loyalakpa in other stories)
DynastyChenglei dynasty[5]
Equivalents
Greek equivalentAres
Norse equivalentOdin
Meitei gods and goddesses
series
Heavenly gods and goddesses
Netherworld gods and goddesses

Marjing (Meitei: ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ) is a primordial deity in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur). He is the God of horses, polo, hockey, sports and war.[6][7][8][9] The guardianship of the north eastern direction is alluded to Marjing and the other directions to Koubru (north west), Thangjing (south west) and Wangbren (south east).[10][11][12][13] According to the legend, he invented the game of polo (Sagol Kangjei) and introduced it as the national game.[2][3][10][14][15] He and his divine creature, Samadon Ayangba, reside in the top of the Heingang hills.[16]

Origin

According to the Leithak Leikharol PuYa, God Marjing (mentioned as "Maraching") originated from the intestines of Atiya Sidaba. He was created to control Samadon Ayangba, the divine horse (Old Manipuri: Sakon). The horse was created from the foot of Ashiba (Sanamahi).[17]

Description

God Marjing is one of the five gods who enter into the human body and position themselves as one of the souls.[17][18] Marjing dwells in the heart of human body.[19] The God is also associated with Sagol Kangjei (Polo), the main sports of the Meitei people. Parratt says "His main importance in Meitei mythology is that he is credited with the invention of polo, the national game."[17][18][20]

Mythology

Sagol Kangjei (English: Polo) is originally the game of gods. There are 7 players on each side. They used Kangdrum (a ball made from bamboo root). This is what the human beings imitate from them. The first divine polo match was played during the festival of Lai Haraoba.[20]

Worship

During the Lai Haraoba festival, a maibi (priestess) performs a ritual in the form of a mime. She holds a mallet in her hand and enacts the game of polo.[7]

Every year, in the top of the Heingang Hills, devotees offer polostick (Old Manipuri: ꯀꯥꯡꯆꯩ, romanized: kangchei, Meitei: ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯩ, romanized: kangjei) and bamboo-root-ball (Meitei: ꯀꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯨꯝ, romanized: kangdrum) to God Marjing.[20] This is done even when any animal in one's house become sick.[9]

In 1618 AD, during the reign of King Khagemba, a public worship took place at his abode and also at every watery place on the river side. Wild boars, ducks, cocks, hen, pigeons and other creatures were offered to God Marjing. This was recorded in the Cheitharol Kumbaba.[20][21][22]

Related pages

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mārg̲. Marg Publications. 1960.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lightfoot, Louise (1958). Dance-rituals of Manipur, India: An Introduction to "Meitei Jagoi". Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs. ISBN 978-1-01-374640-6.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Anvīkshā. Jadavpur University. 2004.
  4. ↑ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1988). Religion and Culture of Manipur. Manas Publications. ISBN 978-81-7049-021-0.
  5. ↑ Levin, Jonathan V. (2017-10-04). Where Have All the Horses Gone?: How Advancing Technology Swept American Horses from the Road, the Farm, the Range and the Battlefield. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-6713-3.
  6. ↑ Saraswati, Baidyanath (1991). Tribal Thought and Culture: Essays in Honour of Surajit Chandra Sinha. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7022-340-5.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bhattacharjee, Kishalay (2013-04-11). Che in Paona Bazar. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4472-4741-8.
  8. ↑ Fløistad, Guttorm (2012-12-06). Philosophie asiatique/Asian philosophy. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-94-011-2510-9.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Vijaylakshmi Brara, N. (1998). Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi. Glimpses of Manipuri Culture. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7.
  11. ↑ Mārg̲. Marg Publications. 1960.
  12. ↑ Muthukumaraswamy, M. D.; Kaushal, Molly (2004). Folklore, Public Sphere, and Civil Society. NFSC www.indianfolklore.org. ISBN 978-81-901481-4-6.
  13. ↑ Dzüvichü, Lipokmar; Baruah, Manjeet (2017-11-13). Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-27134-9.
  14. ↑ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1998). Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy. Parimal Publications.
  15. ↑ Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.
  16. ↑ "Manipur's female polo players are riding up a storm". e-pao.net.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy. August 1991. p. 57. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Vijaylakshmi Brara, N. (1998). Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ Vijaylakshmi Brara, N. (1998). Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy. August 1991. p. 59. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ Religion Of Manipur. Firma Klm. 1980. p. 31. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ Religion Of Manipur. Firma Klm. 1980. p. 121. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

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