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Ancient Kangleipak, also known as Antique Manipur[1] or Early Meitei Civilisation, was an old civilization flourished in the present day Manipur, India.[2][3][4][5][6] The Kangla served as the foremost capital city of the realm since time immemorial till the late 19th century AD.[7] It had its earliest recorded evidence of the existence of monarchy right from the reign of Emperor "Tangcha Leelaa Pakhangba" (1445 BC-1405 BC).[8][9]
History[edit | edit source]
The earliest recorded history of the existence of monarchy starts with the reign of Tangja Leela Pakhangba in 1445 BC.[10]
The game of polo was invented by King Ningthou Kangba (1405 BC- 1359 BC). This remarkable achievement was recorded in the Kangbalon and the Kangjeirol, two of the old manuscripts of Ancient Meitei language.[11]
Geography[edit | edit source]
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The territory of the antique realm is majorly mountainous, though the central plains is the main place where civilization flourished and was mainly concentrated.[12][13]
Language[edit | edit source]
Due to regional variation, though various dialects existed, the Ancient Meitei language was the main principal language of the antique realm.[14][15] The Wakoklon Heelel Thilen Salai Amailon Pukok Puya was written in 1398 BC (3400 years ago), as verified by the National Archives of India, New Delhi.[16]
Culture[edit | edit source]
Daily life[edit | edit source]
Most people in Ancient Manipur were engaged in agricultural activities and fishing activities. Only a few were traders and merchants. However, commercial activities were restricted to only a few groups of people, who were given permission by the monarchs.
Architecture[edit | edit source]
During ancient times, the antique architectural design and way of building houses were truly scientific. They were built in such a way that during winter, they had warming effect and during summer, they had cooling effect.[17]
Religious beliefs[edit | edit source]
During ancient times, the one and the only religion practiced by the people of the realm was the antique Meitei paganism, which is what we called Sanamahism in modern terminology.[18]
Military[edit | edit source]
Lallup system[edit | edit source]
The Lallup system ("Lal " means "war"; "Lup" means "Association" or "Organization") was the predominant military warfare association, in which every men of the more than 16 years of age, were included in membership.[19]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ http://kanglaonline.com/2012/04/ancient-name-of-manipur/?amp=1
- ↑ https://www.imphaltimes.com/it-articles/item/5532-is-32-000-years-of-meitei-civilization-a-sign-of-tribalism
- ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.Review_Kangleipak_The_Cradle_Of_Man
- ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/puwarimeitei.html#1.GEOGRAPHIC%20LOCATION%20OF%20MANIPUR
- ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/puwarimeitei.html#(i)%20The%20Ancient%20(before%20christ)
- ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/puwarimeitei.html#(ii).%20The%20Early%20Period
- ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Kangla.Kangla_The_ancient_Capital_of_Manipur
- ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/meiteikings.html
- ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/puwarimeitei.html#Main%20Source
- ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/meiteikings.html
- ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/sagolkangjei.html
- ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak_8
- ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.The_Puya_and_Cheitharol_Kumbaba
- ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.The_Puya_and_Cheitharol_Kumbaba
- ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/puwarimeitei.html#2.HISTORICAL%20DOCUMENTS
- ↑ http://paochelsalaitaret.net/puya/puyaproof.pdf
- ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Scientific_Principles_of_Ancient_Manipuri_Yumjao_House_and_its_Courtyard_By_Khwairakpam_Gajananda
- ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.Discovery_of_Kangleipak_2
- ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.Discovery_of_Kangleipak_2