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<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --> {{Infobox settlement | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --> {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Balasore | | name = Balasore | ||
| other_name = | | other_name = Baleswara | ||
| settlement_type = City | | settlement_type = City | ||
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage | | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | ||
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| color = white | | color = white | ||
| size = 280 | | size = 280 | ||
| text = From Top; Left to Right: Emami | | text = From Top; Left to Right: Emami Jagannatha Temple, Chandipur Sea Beach, DRDO Integrated Testing Range and Balasore Railway Station | ||
}} | }} | ||
| image_alt = | | image_alt = | ||
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| population_metro = 177557 | | population_metro = 177557 | ||
| population_rank = [[List of cities in India by population|India 409th]], [[List of cities in Odisha by population|Odisha 7th]] | | population_rank = [[List of cities in India by population|India 409th]], [[List of cities in Odisha by population|Odisha 7th]] | ||
| population_demonym = | | population_demonym = Baleswaria | ||
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]] | | demographics_type1 = [[Language]] | ||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
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| official_name = | | official_name = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Balasore''' or ''' | '''Balasore''' or '''Baleswara''' ({{Lang-or|ବାଲେଶ୍ୱର}}) is a village in the state of [[Odisha]], about {{convert|194|km|mi|0}} north of the state capital [[Bhubaneswar]] and {{convert|300|km|mi|0}} from Kolkata, in eastern India. It is the largest city of northern Odisha and the administrative headquarters of [[Balasore district]]. It is best known for [[Chandipur, India|Chandipur]] beach. It is also called as missile city. The [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program]]'s Integrated Test Range is located 18 km south of Balasore. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Excavation at villages nearby by Balasore has given evidence for three disinct cultural phases of human settlements, viz., [[Chalcolithic]] (2000-1000 BCE), [[Iron Age in India|Iron Age]] (1000-400 BCE) and early historic period (400-200 BCE).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/4000-year-old-settlement-found-during-odisha-excavation/article35109780.ece | title=4,000-year-old settlement found during Odisha excavation | last=Barik | first=Satyasudar | website=The Hindu | date=3 July 2021}}</ref> | |||
Baleswara district was part of the ancient [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] kingdom which later became a territory of [[Utkala Kingdom|Utkal]], till the death of Mukunda Deva. It was annexed by the [[Mughal Empire]] in 1568 and remained as a part of their suzerainty up until the 1700s. | |||
The British [[East India Company]] (EIC) established a [[Factory (trading post)|factory]] at Balasore in 1633. In 1719, the [[Austrian East India Company|Trieste Company]] merchants established a trading post there.<ref> | The British [[East India Company]] (EIC) established a [[Factory (trading post)|factory]] at Balasore in 1633. In 1719, the [[Austrian East India Company|Trieste Company]] merchants established a trading post there.<ref> | ||
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</ref> As [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] rose in importance, Balasore became the center for [[maritime pilot|river pilot]] services for vessels seeking to ascend the [[Hooghli River]]. | </ref> As [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] rose in importance, Balasore became the center for [[maritime pilot|river pilot]] services for vessels seeking to ascend the [[Hooghli River]]. | ||
The [[Marathas]] then occupied this part of [[Odisha]] and it became a part of the dominion of the [[Bhonsle]] [[Maratha]] Rajas of [[Nagpur]]. They ceded this part through the Treaty of Deogaon in 1803 and it became a part of [[Bengal Presidency]] until 1912. | The [[Marathas]] then occupied this part of [[Odisha]] and it became a part of the dominion of the [[Bhonsle]] [[Maratha]] Rajas of [[Nagpur]]. They ceded this part through the [[Treaty of Deogaon]] in 1803 and it became a part of [[United Kingdom|British]][[Bengal Presidency]] until 1912. | ||
Balasore as a separate district was created in October 1828 under the [[Bengal Presidency]]. On 7 November 1845, all of [[Danish India]] was sold to the British to form a part of [[British India]]. | Balasore as a separate district was created in October 1828 under the [[Bengal Presidency]]. On 7 November 1845, all of [[Danish India]] was sold to the British to form a part of [[British India]]. | ||
With the creation of [[Bihar Province]], Odisha, along with Balasore district, was transferred from Bengal to Bihar. But with the creation of Odisha as a separate state on 1 April 1936, Balasore became an integral part of Odisha State. The [[Indian independence movement|national movement of independence]] surged ahead with the visit of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1921. Similarly [[Praja mandala movement|Praja Andolan]] was initiated against the ruler of [[Nilagiri State]]. The state of Nilagiri merged with state of Odisha in January 1948 and became a part of Balasore district. On 3 April 1993, [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]] sub-division became a separate district and from this day Balasore remains a district of Odisha with two Sub-divisions namely Balasore and Nilagiri having eight [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]], namely Balasore, Soro, Simulia, Nilagiri, | With the creation of [[Bihar Province]], Odisha, along with Balasore district, was transferred from Bengal to Bihar. But with the creation of Odisha as a separate state on 1 April 1936, Balasore became an integral part of Odisha State. The [[Indian independence movement|national movement of independence]] surged ahead with the visit of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1921. Similarly [[Praja mandala movement|Praja Andolan]] was initiated against the ruler of [[Nilagiri State]]. The state of Nilagiri merged with state of Odisha in January 1948 and became a part of Balasore district. On 3 April 1993, [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]] sub-division became a separate district and from this day Balasore remains a district of Odisha with two Sub-divisions namely Balasore and Nilagiri having eight [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]], namely Balasore, Soro, Simulia, Nilagiri, Jaleswara, Basta, Baliapal and Remuna and 12 blocks namely Bhograi, Jaleswar, Baliapal, Basta, Balasore, Remuna, Nilagiri, Oupada, Khaira, Soro and [[Bahanaga]]. The name of the district is being derived from the name of the town. | ||
Balasore is where the famous freedom fighter Jatindranath Mukherjee, also known as [[Bagha Jatin]], was injured and died fighting the British.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 September 2018|title=Bagha Jatin: Bagha Jatin's man-eater slaying 'kukri' to be on display on Sunday|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bagha-jatins-man-eater-slaying-kukri-to-be-on-display-on-sunday/articleshow/65739351.cms|last=Dasgupta|first=Priyanka|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> | Balasore is where the famous freedom fighter Jatindranath Mukherjee, also known as [[Bagha Jatin]], was injured and died fighting the British.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 September 2018|title=Bagha Jatin: Bagha Jatin's man-eater slaying 'kukri' to be on display on Sunday|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bagha-jatins-man-eater-slaying-kukri-to-be-on-display-on-sunday/articleshow/65739351.cms|last=Dasgupta|first=Priyanka|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
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==Culture and festivals== | ==Culture and festivals== | ||
Balasore culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, and music . The city offers a cosmopolitan and diverse lifestyle with a variety of food, entertainment, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other cities. | Balasore culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, and music. The city offers a cosmopolitan and diverse lifestyle with a variety of food, entertainment, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other cities. | ||
Balasore residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. [[Diwali]], [[Holi]], Eid, [[Christmas]], [[Navaratri | Balasore residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. [[Diwali]], [[Holi]], Eid, [[Christmas]], [[Navaratri]], [[Good Friday]], [[Vijayadashami|Dussehra]], [[Muharram]], [[Ganesha Chaturthi]], [[Durga Puja]], [[Raja(festival)|Raja)]] and [[Maha Shivaratri]] are some of the popular festivals in the city. The akhada Arts Festival during durga puja is a unique culture of Balasore. | ||
'''Festivals''' | '''Festivals''' | ||
* [[Durga Puja|Durga puja]], the festival of goddess Durga, is very popular in Balasore. Idols are worshipped in many streets and localities. In this city, Durga puja is famous for its idols, with localities trying to outsmart each other by constructing more attractive idols. Indeed, the whole city comes to a standstill on Astami, Navami and on Dashami burning of effigy of the demon Ravana (the eighth, ninth and tenth days of Durga puja) as people travel all over the city appreciating all the idols put forth by the neighbourhoods. | * [[Durga Puja|Durga puja]], the festival of goddess Durga, is very popular in Balasore. Idols are worshipped in many streets and localities. In this city, Durga puja is famous for its idols, with localities trying to outsmart each other by constructing more attractive idols. Indeed, the whole city comes to a standstill on Astami, Navami and on Dashami burning of effigy of the demon Ravana (the eighth, ninth and tenth days of Durga puja) as people travel all over the city appreciating all the idols put forth by the neighbourhoods. | ||
* [[Kali Puja]], Just after Durga puja gets over, Balasore gear up with all their vigour to celebrate Kali puja. On the auspicious day of Diwali amidst the bursting of [[firecrackers]]. | * [[Kali Puja]], Just after Durga puja gets over, Balasore gear up with all their vigour to celebrate Kali puja. On the auspicious day of Diwali amidst the bursting of [[firecrackers]]. | ||
* | * Kartikeshwara/Kumara puja: [[Murugan|Kartikeshwara/Kumara]] is the eldest son of [[Lord Shiva]]. | ||
* Kite flying is also celebrated with much enthusiasm and energy in the city. Kite-flying culminates with the [[ | * Kite flying is also celebrated with much enthusiasm and energy in the city. Kite-flying culminates with the [[Makara Sankranti]], with kite-flying competitions being held all over the city. | ||
* All the other regular Indian festivals like [[ | * All the other regular Indian festivals like [[Ganesha Chaturthi]], [[Vasanta Panchami]], [[Holi]], [[Eid ul-Fitr]], [[Good Friday]], [[Ratha Yatra]], [[Diwali]], [[Christmas]] and the numerous Hindu festivals are also celebrated. | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
[[File:Khirachora Gopinatha Temple.jpg|alt=|thumb|253x253px|Khirachora | [[File:Khirachora Gopinatha Temple.jpg|alt=|thumb|253x253px|Khirachora Gopinatha temple, Remuna, Balasore city]] | ||
According to [[2011 Indian Census]], Balasore (municipality + overgrowth) had a total population of 144,373, of which 73,721 were males and 70,652 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 14,773. The total number of literates in Balasore was 113,418, which constituted 78.6% of the population with male literacy of 81.7% and female literacy of 75.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Balasore was 87.5%, of which male literacy rate was 91.0% and female literacy rate was 83.8%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 15,812 and 9,291 respectively. Balasore had 30460 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Balasore |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=441206 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> | According to [[2011 Indian Census]], Balasore (municipality + overgrowth) had a total population of 144,373, of which 73,721 were males and 70,652 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 14,773. The total number of literates in Balasore was 113,418, which constituted 78.6% of the population with male literacy of 81.7% and female literacy of 75.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Balasore was 87.5%, of which male literacy rate was 91.0% and female literacy rate was 83.8%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 15,812 and 9,291 respectively. Balasore had 30460 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Balasore |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=441206 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> | ||
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==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
Balasore is the main city in the District of Balasore. The district has four major revenue sources – industries, agriculture, fishing and tourism with its base in Chandipur.<ref name="Chandipur.">{{Cite news|publisher=www.ucnews.in | Balasore is the main city in the District of Balasore. The district has four major revenue sources – industries, agriculture, fishing and tourism with its base in Chandipur.<ref name="Chandipur.">{{Cite news|publisher=www.ucnews.in | ||
|title=In Orissa: Chandipur, the retreating sea and river mouth|date=26 September 2016|access-date=16 February 2017|url=http://www.ucnews.in/news/2401-3185852062547426/in-orissa--chandipur--the-retreating-sea-and-river-mouth.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217061731/http://www.ucnews.in/news/2401-3185852062547426/in-orissa--chandipur--the-retreating-sea-and-river-mouth.html|archive-date=17 February 2017|url-status = dead}}</ref> Many small and large scale industries are located both within the city limits as well as the outskirts. Balasore Alloys Limited,<ref name="Balasore Alloys Ltd.">{{Cite news|title=Balasore Alloys Limited|date=30 November 2015|access-date=16 February 2017|url=http://www.business-standard.com/company/balasore-alloys-811.html|work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> [[Emami]] Paper Mills,<ref name="Emami Paper Mills">{{Cite news|last=Laha Roy|first=Tasmayee|date=30 November 2015|title=Emami Paper Mills now forays into packaging board trade|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/paper-/-wood-/-glass/-plastic/-marbles/emami-paper-mills-now-forays-into-packaging-board-trade/articleshow/49978372.cms|work=Economic Times|access-date = 16 February 2017}}</ref> Oriplast, and [[Birla Tyres]] are some of the major industries based in Balasore. It is one of the richest cities of Odisha. The main markets of Balasore are Nua | |title=In Orissa: Chandipur, the retreating sea and river mouth|date=26 September 2016|access-date=16 February 2017|url=http://www.ucnews.in/news/2401-3185852062547426/in-orissa--chandipur--the-retreating-sea-and-river-mouth.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217061731/http://www.ucnews.in/news/2401-3185852062547426/in-orissa--chandipur--the-retreating-sea-and-river-mouth.html|archive-date=17 February 2017|url-status = dead}}</ref> Many small and large scale industries are located both within the city limits as well as the outskirts. Balasore Alloys Limited,<ref name="Balasore Alloys Ltd.">{{Cite news|title=Balasore Alloys Limited|date=30 November 2015|access-date=16 February 2017|url=http://www.business-standard.com/company/balasore-alloys-811.html|work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> [[Emami]] Paper Mills,<ref name="Emami Paper Mills">{{Cite news|last=Laha Roy|first=Tasmayee|date=30 November 2015|title=Emami Paper Mills now forays into packaging board trade|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/paper-/-wood-/-glass/-plastic/-marbles/emami-paper-mills-now-forays-into-packaging-board-trade/articleshow/49978372.cms|work=Economic Times|access-date = 16 February 2017}}</ref> Oriplast, and [[Birla Tyres]] are some of the major industries based in Balasore. It is one of the richest cities of Odisha. The main markets of Balasore are Nua Bazara, Motiganj, FM Square, Vivekananda Marga, Station Square, ITI Chhaka, Kachehri Road, Town Hall and Nua Shahi. | ||
===Industry=== | ===Industry=== | ||
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*[[Srinix engineering College]] | *[[Srinix engineering College]] | ||
*[[Vijayanjali institute of Technology]] | *[[Vijayanjali institute of Technology]] | ||
*[[Ramarani Institute Of Technology]] | |||
===Universities/colleges=== | ===Universities/colleges=== | ||
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===Schools=== | ===Schools=== | ||
*[[St. Vincent's Convent School | *[[St. Vincent's Convent School]] | ||
* | *D.A.V. Public School, Balasore | ||
*[[Modern Public School]] | *[[Modern Public School]] | ||
*[[Maharishi Vidya Mandir]] | *[[Maharishi Vidya Mandir]] | ||
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===Road=== | ===Road=== | ||
{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}} | {{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}} | ||
Balasore has a well developed roadways. National Highway | Balasore has a well developed roadways. National Highway 16 and National Highway 18 pass through the city. A part of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]] project, this highway runs from [[Chennai]] to [[Kolkata]]. Intra-city transport comprises [[cycle rickshaw]]s and [[auto rickshaw]]s. City bus services commenced in Balasore on 15 August 2017. The bus terminus is at Sahadev Khunta and thousands of private buses ply to hundreds of destinations every day. Many luxurious A.C buses ply to Bhubneswar, Kolkata and other nearby cities daily. | ||
==Health== | ==Health== | ||
Industrial and infrastructural development has boosted the healthcare market in Balasore and attracted healthcare corporate houses to set up base in the city. Balasore government hospital was the city's first hospital. | Industrial and infrastructural development has boosted the healthcare market in Balasore and attracted healthcare corporate houses to set up base in the city. Balasore government hospital was the city's first hospital. Also, it has a newly established Government Medical College at Remuna named after Fakir Mohan Senapati (FM Medical College). | ||
==Sports and entertainment== | ==Sports and entertainment== | ||
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==Places of interest== | ==Places of interest== | ||
[[File:AAD Launch Crop.jpg|thumb|200px|Missile launch in [[Abdul Kalam Island]], Chandipur]] | [[File:AAD Launch Crop.jpg|thumb|200px|Missile launch in [[Abdul Kalam Island]], Chandipur]] | ||
[[Chandipur-on-sea]] is a seaside resort famous for its mile long beach. It is a unique beach – the tide comes to the shore only four times a day, at fixed intervals. At a distance of 30 km south-west is [[Panchalingeshwar]], a temple and scenic spot high on a mountain. The presiding deity there, Shiva, cannot be seen. One has to touch and feel the statue as it is behind (submerged under) a waterfall. About 33 km south-west of Balasore, the town Santaragadia has the | [[Chandipur-on-sea]] is a seaside resort famous for its mile long beach. It is a unique beach – the tide comes to the shore only four times a day, at fixed intervals. At a distance of 30 km south-west is [[Panchalingeshwar]], a temple and scenic spot high on a mountain. The presiding deity there, Shiva, cannot be seen. One has to touch and feel the statue as it is behind (submerged under) a waterfall. About 33 km south-west of Balasore, the town Santaragadia has the Bisweswara temple situated on a hill. The town is surrounded by hills on all sides. Nearby is Khulia village, a settlement of aboriginals. Around 30 km south-east of Balasore is a port named Dhamara. | ||
[[Kshirachora | [[Kshirachora Gopinatha Temple]], situated at Remuna, approximately 7 km from the main town of Balasore, was built by King [[Langula Narasimha Deva]], who also built the famous temple at [[Konark]]a. Khirochora Gopinatha Temple is notable for its mythological story about how it was built there. The prashad of Krishna – the khira – is famous. | ||
'''The [[Biranchinarayana Temple, Palia]]''', AstaDurga, and Bhudhara Chandi are some other temples located in the region. | |||
Jagannatha Temple, Remuna is a newly built temple in the area, the architecture of which is influenced by the famous Jagannatha Temple of Puri. It is the recent favourite tourist spot concerning the region. | '''Jagannatha Temple''', Remuna is a newly built temple in the area, the architecture of which is influenced by the famous Jagannatha Temple of Puri. It is the recent favourite tourist spot concerning the region. | ||
[[File:Jagannatha Temple Nilagiri.JPG|thumb|200px|Jagannatha Temple Nilagiri]] [[File:Bhusandeswara Temple Chandaneswara Baleswara.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bhusandeswara Temple]] | [[File:Jagannatha Temple Nilagiri.JPG|thumb|200px|Jagannatha Temple Nilagiri]] [[File:Bhusandeswara Temple Chandaneswara Baleswara.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bhusandeswara Temple]] | ||
There is a Jagannatha Temple in [[Nilagiri]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://baleswar.nic.in/history_culture.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165338/http://baleswar.nic.in/history_culture.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which is one of the prominent Jagannatha temples of [[Odisha]]. Lord [[Jagannath]], [[Balabhadra]] and [[Subhadra]] are worshipped here. Every year, [[Ratha Yatra]] is performed with all the deities. | There is a Jagannatha Temple in [[Nilagiri]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://baleswar.nic.in/history_culture.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165338/http://baleswar.nic.in/history_culture.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which is one of the prominent Jagannatha temples of [[Odisha]]. Lord [[Jagannath]]a, [[Balabhadra]] and [[Subhadra]] are worshipped here. Every year, [[Ratha Yatra]] is performed with all the deities. | ||
Panchalingeswara Temple is a temple near a picnic spot in [[Balasore district|Baleswar]] which is located 30 km from Balasore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orissa-tourism.com/bsore.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726211824/http://www.orissa-tourism.com/bsore.html |archive-date=26 July 2011 }}</ref> There is a state tourism Pantha Nivas in Panchalingeswara for tourists. Panchalingeswara is surrounded by hills and forests. | '''[[Panchalingeswar Temple|Panchalingeswara Temple]]''' is a temple near a picnic spot in [[Balasore district|Baleswar]]a which is located 30 km from Balasore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orissa-tourism.com/bsore.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726211824/http://www.orissa-tourism.com/bsore.html |archive-date=26 July 2011 }}</ref> There is a state tourism Pantha Nivas in Panchalingeswara for tourists. Panchalingeswara is surrounded by hills and forests. | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- valign="top" | |- valign="top" | ||
|[[File:Pancalingeswara Temple Nilagiri.JPG|thumb|800px|Panchalingeswara Temple]] | |[[File:Pancalingeswara Temple Nilagiri.JPG|thumb|800px|Panchalingeswara Temple]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''[[Bhujakhia Pir]]''', situated at sunhat at the heart of the city is the tomb of Sufi saint Aasthana Sharif Hazrat Pir named as Bhujakhia Pir.The most interesting thing that both Muslim and Hindu jointly worship pir baba. | '''[[Bhujakhia Pir]]''', situated at sunhat at the heart of the city is the tomb of Sufi saint Aasthana Sharif Hazrat Pir named as Bhujakhia Pir. The most interesting thing that both Muslim and Hindu jointly worship pir baba. | ||
'''[[Baba Bhusandeswar Temple]]''', is one of the largest Shiva Lingams in the World is in [[Bhograi]] village of Balasore district, Odisha.which is located 100 km from Balasore. The 12 feet long and 14 feet width lingam is carved out on a black granite and only half of the lingam is visible. The other half has remained buried for years. The diameter of the lingam is 12 feet and has three parts. The middle portion of the lingam is octagonal in shape, about 12 feet in diameter and nearly four feet in height. The Lingam slightly leans towards the right side. | '''[[Baba Bhusandeswar Temple|Baba Bhusandeswara Temple]]''', is one of the largest Shiva Lingams in the World is in [[Bhograi|Bhogarai | ||
]] village of Balasore district, Odisha.which is located 100 km from Balasore. The 12 feet long and 14 feet width lingam is carved out on a black granite and only half of the lingam is visible. The other half has remained buried for years. The diameter of the lingam is 12 feet and has three parts. The middle portion of the lingam is octagonal in shape, about 12 feet in diameter and nearly four feet in height. The Lingam slightly leans towards the right side. | |||
==Politics== | ==Politics== | ||
| Line 327: | Line 332: | ||
|archive-date=8 November 2005 | |archive-date=8 November 2005 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==Notable people== | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | |||
*[[Reela Hota]], [[odissi]] dance performer, educator and producer | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 19:37, 11 January 2022
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2014) |
Balasore
Baleswara | |
|---|---|
City | |
    From Top; Left to Right: Emami Jagannatha Temple, Chandipur Sea Beach, DRDO Integrated Testing Range and Balasore Railway Station | |
  Balasore Location in Odisha, India  Balasore Balasore (India)  Balasore Balasore (Asia) | |
| Coordinates: 21°29′N 86°56′E / 21.49°N 86.93°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | .png){kind=small} Odisha |
| District | Balasore |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Balasore Municipality |
| • Member of Parliament | Pratap Chandra Sarangi (BJP) |
| • Member of Legislative Assembly | Swarup Kumar Das (BJD) |
| Area | |
| • City | 17.48 km2 (6.75 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 16 m (52 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| • City | 144,373 |
| • Rank | India 409th, Odisha 7th |
| • Density | 8,300/km2 (21,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 177,557 |
| Demonym | Baleswaria |
| Language | |
| • Official | Odia[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 756001-756xxx |
| Telephone code | 06782 |
| Vehicle registration | OD - 01(Previously OR - 01) |
| UN/LOCODE | IN BLS |
| Website | baleswar |
Balasore or Baleswara (Odia: ବାଲେଶ୍ୱର) is a village in the state of Odisha, about 194 kilometres (121 mi) north of the state capital Bhubaneswar and 300 kilometres (186 mi) from Kolkata, in eastern India. It is the largest city of northern Odisha and the administrative headquarters of Balasore district. It is best known for Chandipur beach. It is also called as missile city. The Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program's Integrated Test Range is located 18 km south of Balasore.
History
Excavation at villages nearby by Balasore has given evidence for three disinct cultural phases of human settlements, viz., Chalcolithic (2000-1000 BCE), Iron Age (1000-400 BCE) and early historic period (400-200 BCE).[4]
Baleswara district was part of the ancient Kalinga kingdom which later became a territory of Utkal, till the death of Mukunda Deva. It was annexed by the Mughal Empire in 1568 and remained as a part of their suzerainty up until the 1700s.
The British East India Company (EIC) established a factory at Balasore in 1633. In 1719, the Trieste Company merchants established a trading post there.[5] As Calcutta rose in importance, Balasore became the center for river pilot services for vessels seeking to ascend the Hooghli River.
The Marathas then occupied this part of Odisha and it became a part of the dominion of the Bhonsle Maratha Rajas of Nagpur. They ceded this part through the Treaty of Deogaon in 1803 and it became a part of BritishBengal Presidency until 1912.
Balasore as a separate district was created in October 1828 under the Bengal Presidency. On 7 November 1845, all of Danish India was sold to the British to form a part of British India.
With the creation of Bihar Province, Odisha, along with Balasore district, was transferred from Bengal to Bihar. But with the creation of Odisha as a separate state on 1 April 1936, Balasore became an integral part of Odisha State. The national movement of independence surged ahead with the visit of Mahatma Gandhi in 1921. Similarly Praja Andolan was initiated against the ruler of Nilagiri State. The state of Nilagiri merged with state of Odisha in January 1948 and became a part of Balasore district. On 3 April 1993, Bhadrak sub-division became a separate district and from this day Balasore remains a district of Odisha with two Sub-divisions namely Balasore and Nilagiri having eight Tehsils, namely Balasore, Soro, Simulia, Nilagiri, Jaleswara, Basta, Baliapal and Remuna and 12 blocks namely Bhograi, Jaleswar, Baliapal, Basta, Balasore, Remuna, Nilagiri, Oupada, Khaira, Soro and Bahanaga. The name of the district is being derived from the name of the town.
Balasore is where the famous freedom fighter Jatindranath Mukherjee, also known as Bagha Jatin, was injured and died fighting the British.[6]
Climate
| Climate data for Balasore (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.6 (96.1) |
38.7 (101.7) |
41.6 (106.9) |
45.0 (113.0) |
46.7 (116.1) |
46.1 (115.0) |
39.9 (103.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
36.2 (97.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
34.8 (94.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
46.7 (116.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 27.1 (80.8) |
29.8 (85.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.7 (96.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.3 (77.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
8.9 (48.0) |
6.7 (44.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 16.4 (0.65) |
36.2 (1.43) |
39.6 (1.56) |
60.5 (2.38) |
146.4 (5.76) |
296.7 (11.68) |
291.2 (11.46) |
308.4 (12.14) |
290.0 (11.42) |
174.3 (6.86) |
39.7 (1.56) |
6.8 (0.27) |
1,706.1 (67.17) |
| Average rainy days | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 7.2 | 10.9 | 13.7 | 15.3 | 11.8 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 76.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 63 | 62 | 64 | 69 | 71 | 75 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 76 | 70 | 65 | 71 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Culture and festivals
Balasore culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, and music. The city offers a cosmopolitan and diverse lifestyle with a variety of food, entertainment, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other cities. Balasore residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Navaratri, Good Friday, Dussehra, Muharram, Ganesha Chaturthi, Durga Puja, Raja) and Maha Shivaratri are some of the popular festivals in the city. The akhada Arts Festival during durga puja is a unique culture of Balasore.
Festivals
- Durga puja, the festival of goddess Durga, is very popular in Balasore. Idols are worshipped in many streets and localities. In this city, Durga puja is famous for its idols, with localities trying to outsmart each other by constructing more attractive idols. Indeed, the whole city comes to a standstill on Astami, Navami and on Dashami burning of effigy of the demon Ravana (the eighth, ninth and tenth days of Durga puja) as people travel all over the city appreciating all the idols put forth by the neighbourhoods.
- Kali Puja, Just after Durga puja gets over, Balasore gear up with all their vigour to celebrate Kali puja. On the auspicious day of Diwali amidst the bursting of firecrackers.
- Kartikeshwara/Kumara puja: Kartikeshwara/Kumara is the eldest son of Lord Shiva.
- Kite flying is also celebrated with much enthusiasm and energy in the city. Kite-flying culminates with the Makara Sankranti, with kite-flying competitions being held all over the city.
- All the other regular Indian festivals like Ganesha Chaturthi, Vasanta Panchami, Holi, Eid ul-Fitr, Good Friday, Ratha Yatra, Diwali, Christmas and the numerous Hindu festivals are also celebrated.
Demographics
According to 2011 Indian Census, Balasore (municipality + overgrowth) had a total population of 144,373, of which 73,721 were males and 70,652 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 14,773. The total number of literates in Balasore was 113,418, which constituted 78.6% of the population with male literacy of 81.7% and female literacy of 75.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Balasore was 87.5%, of which male literacy rate was 91.0% and female literacy rate was 83.8%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 15,812 and 9,291 respectively. Balasore had 30460 households in 2011.[2]
Languages
The official language of Balasore is Odia which is also the most commonly spoken language of the city. It is followed by Bengali, Santali and Hindi in the descending order per the number of speakers.[9]
Economy
Balasore is the main city in the District of Balasore. The district has four major revenue sources – industries, agriculture, fishing and tourism with its base in Chandipur.[10] Many small and large scale industries are located both within the city limits as well as the outskirts. Balasore Alloys Limited,[11] Emami Paper Mills,[12] Oriplast, and Birla Tyres are some of the major industries based in Balasore. It is one of the richest cities of Odisha. The main markets of Balasore are Nua Bazara, Motiganj, FM Square, Vivekananda Marga, Station Square, ITI Chhaka, Kachehri Road, Town Hall and Nua Shahi.
Industry
In an effort to bring industry, trade and commerce to a common meaningful platform, the Confederation of Indian Industry, with local chambers like North Orissa Chamber of Commerce and Industry,[13] serve as an interface to fight for the rights and issues concerning the industrial scenario so as to contribute to the development of the state as a whole. Members from both public and private sectors work closely with the government for the expansion of business opportunities, enhancing efficiency and competitiveness and to work on policy issues. Located in Januganj, Balasore, NOCCI is essentially a business park with a massive exhibition hall, a separate residential block with hotel and restaurant facilities and an extended building called the industry facilitation center[14] specifically for industrial training. NOCCI comprises about 100 member units and six affiliated associations of the industrial units. NOCCI is instrumental in the promoting the initiative of the Department of Industrial Promotion and Policy, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India (GoI)[15] through a scheme of Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation.
The Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program's Integrated Test Range is located 18 km south of Balasore. The Defence Research and Development Organisation developed many different missiles such as Nag, BrahMos, Agni Missile among others here.
Education
Balasore is the main education hub of Northern Odisha with many engineering schools and colleges and the famous Fakir Mohan University, named after the renowned novelist Fakir Mohan Senapati, who hails from this town of Odisha. Fakir Mohan Medical College and Hospital was established in the year 2018 to boost the medical facility in Balasore and Northern Odisha.
Technical colleges/institutions
- Balasore College of Engineering and Technology
- Satyasai Engineering College
- Modern Engineering and management Studies
- Srinix engineering College
- Vijayanjali institute of Technology
- Ramarani Institute Of Technology
Universities/colleges
- Balasore Law College
- Fakir Mohan Medical College and Hospital
- Fakir Mohan University
- Sagar College of Science
Schools
- St. Vincent's Convent School
- D.A.V. Public School, Balasore
- Modern Public School
- Maharishi Vidya Mandir
Transport
Air
The nearest airport is Biju Patnaik Airport in Bhubaneswar which is 200 km from Balasore. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata is 154 km from Balasore.
Rail
Balasore railway station is an important station on the Howrah-Chennai main line of the South Eastern Railway. The distance to Kolkata is approximately 154 km, while the distance to Bhubaneswar is about 206 km. A branch line to Baripada starts from Rupsa, near Balasore. Balasore is connected to different parts of India through trains. There are frequent trains to Bhubaneswar, Kolkata, New Delhi, Chennai, Guwahati, Bangalore, Puri, Ernakulam.
Road
Balasore has a well developed roadways. National Highway 16 and National Highway 18 pass through the city. A part of the Golden Quadrilateral project, this highway runs from Chennai to Kolkata. Intra-city transport comprises cycle rickshaws and auto rickshaws. City bus services commenced in Balasore on 15 August 2017. The bus terminus is at Sahadev Khunta and thousands of private buses ply to hundreds of destinations every day. Many luxurious A.C buses ply to Bhubneswar, Kolkata and other nearby cities daily.
Health
Industrial and infrastructural development has boosted the healthcare market in Balasore and attracted healthcare corporate houses to set up base in the city. Balasore government hospital was the city's first hospital. Also, it has a newly established Government Medical College at Remuna named after Fakir Mohan Senapati (FM Medical College).
Sports and entertainment
Cricket is the most popular sport in the city. The city is also represented by the Balasore Baghas in the Odisha Premier League. Apart from cricket, people here love the game of football, volleyball & other sports.
Balasore has several cinemas playing films in Odia, Hindi, and English languages.
Places of interest
Chandipur-on-sea is a seaside resort famous for its mile long beach. It is a unique beach – the tide comes to the shore only four times a day, at fixed intervals. At a distance of 30 km south-west is Panchalingeshwar, a temple and scenic spot high on a mountain. The presiding deity there, Shiva, cannot be seen. One has to touch and feel the statue as it is behind (submerged under) a waterfall. About 33 km south-west of Balasore, the town Santaragadia has the Bisweswara temple situated on a hill. The town is surrounded by hills on all sides. Nearby is Khulia village, a settlement of aboriginals. Around 30 km south-east of Balasore is a port named Dhamara.
Kshirachora Gopinatha Temple, situated at Remuna, approximately 7 km from the main town of Balasore, was built by King Langula Narasimha Deva, who also built the famous temple at Konarka. Khirochora Gopinatha Temple is notable for its mythological story about how it was built there. The prashad of Krishna – the khira – is famous. The Biranchinarayana Temple, Palia, AstaDurga, and Bhudhara Chandi are some other temples located in the region.
Jagannatha Temple, Remuna is a newly built temple in the area, the architecture of which is influenced by the famous Jagannatha Temple of Puri. It is the recent favourite tourist spot concerning the region.
There is a Jagannatha Temple in Nilagiri[16] which is one of the prominent Jagannatha temples of Odisha. Lord Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra are worshipped here. Every year, Ratha Yatra is performed with all the deities.
Panchalingeswara Temple is a temple near a picnic spot in Baleswara which is located 30 km from Balasore.[17] There is a state tourism Pantha Nivas in Panchalingeswara for tourists. Panchalingeswara is surrounded by hills and forests.
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Bhujakhia Pir, situated at sunhat at the heart of the city is the tomb of Sufi saint Aasthana Sharif Hazrat Pir named as Bhujakhia Pir. The most interesting thing that both Muslim and Hindu jointly worship pir baba.
Baba Bhusandeswara Temple, is one of the largest Shiva Lingams in the World is in Bhogarai village of Balasore district, Odisha.which is located 100 km from Balasore. The 12 feet long and 14 feet width lingam is carved out on a black granite and only half of the lingam is visible. The other half has remained buried for years. The diameter of the lingam is 12 feet and has three parts. The middle portion of the lingam is octagonal in shape, about 12 feet in diameter and nearly four feet in height. The Lingam slightly leans towards the right side.
Politics
The current MP from Balasore Parliamentary Constituency is Pratap Chandra Sarangi of BJP, who won the seat in the Indian general elections of 2019. The MLA from Balasore Vidhan Sabha Constituency is Swarup Kumar Das of BJD, who won the seat in the 2020 bye-elections. Previous MLAs from this seat were Madan Mohan Dutta (BJP), who won the seat in 2019, Jiban Pradip Das (BJD), who won this seat in 2009, Arun Dey (CPM) in 2004, Gopa Narayan Das of INC in 1985 and Kartik Chandra Rout of JNP in 1977.[18] Balasore is part of Balasore (Lok Sabha constituency).[19]
Notable people
- Reela Hota, odissi dance performer, educator and producer
See also
- Rocket launch sites
- Indian Space Research Organisation
- Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
- Chandipur
References
- ↑ "Welcome to Balasore Municipality". Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Census of India: Balasore". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ↑ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ↑ Barik, Satyasudar (3 July 2021). "4,000-year-old settlement found during Odisha excavation". The Hindu.
- ↑ Klemens Kaps, Mercantilism as private-public network: The Greppi Marliani company – a successful Habsburg Central European player in global trade (1769-1808) In: Mediterranean doubts Trading Companies, Conflicts and Strategies in the Global Spaces (XV-XIX Centuries) Edited By Daniele Andreozzi, New Digital Press, Palermo 2017. p. 90. 50.
- ↑ Dasgupta, Priyanka (9 September 2018). "Bagha Jatin: Bagha Jatin's man-eater slaying 'kukri' to be on display on Sunday". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ "Station: Balasore Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 69–70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M159. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ↑ "C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Town level". census.gov.in. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
- ↑ "In Orissa: Chandipur, the retreating sea and river mouth". www.ucnews.in. 26 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ↑ "Balasore Alloys Limited". Business Standard. 30 November 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ↑ Laha Roy, Tasmayee (30 November 2015). "Emami Paper Mills now forays into packaging board trade". Economic Times. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ↑ Behera, Nirmalya (8 July 2014). "North Orissa Chamber of Commerce and Industry". Business Standard. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ↑ "North Orissa Chamber of Commerce and Industry". www.nocci.in. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ↑ "NOCCI Balasore Infrastructure Company". nocci.in. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "State Elections 2004 – Partywise Comparison for 14-Balasore Constituency of Orissa". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 17 February 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2008.
- ↑ "Assembly Constituencies – Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Odisha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2008.
External links
Template:Industrial hubs in Odisha Template:Danish overseas empire