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{{Short description|Founder of Scindia dynasty (c. 1700–1745)}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}} | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}} | ||
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| caption = A plaque outside Shaniwar Wada in Pune | | caption = A plaque outside Shaniwar Wada in Pune | ||
| reign = 1731 - 1745 | | reign = 1731 - 1745 | ||
| successor = [[Jayappaji Rao Scindia]] | | successor = [[Jayappaji Rao Scindia]] | ||
| birth_date | | birth_date = {{circa|1700}} | ||
| birth_place | | birth_place = | ||
| death_date | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1745|7|3|1700|||df=yes}} | ||
| death_place = [[Shujalpur]], [[Malwa]] | | death_place = [[Shujalpur]], [[Malwa]] | ||
| burial_date = | | burial_date = | ||
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| temple name = | | temple name = | ||
| house = [[Shinde]] | | house = [[Shinde]] | ||
| father = Jankoji Shinde I | | father = Jankoji Shinde (I) | ||
| mother = | | mother = | ||
| occupation = | | occupation = | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Ranoji Scindia''' | '''Ranoji Scindia''' was the founder of the [[Scindia]] dynasty that produced outstanding [[Maratha empire|Maratha military]] commanders during the 18th century. Later the Scindia served as vassals of the British from the northern [[Princely state]] of [[Gwalior state|Gwalior ]]. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life == | ||
Ranoji Scindia belonged to a [[Kunbi]] maratha family.The family held hereditary rights as the [[Patil (title)|Patil ]] of [[Kanherkhed]] village in present day [[Satara district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]].The Shinde family in the previous centuries had served as [[shiledar]]s (cavalrymen) under the [[Bahmani Sultanate]].<ref name="Eaton2005">{{cite book|author=Richard M. Eaton|title=A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&pg=PA188|access-date=16 July 2011|date=19 December 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7|pages=188–}}</ref> | |||
== | ==Career== | ||
Ranoji as a young man started in the service of [[Balaji Vishwanath]] Peshwa.<ref>Rathod, N.G., 1994. The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons.page=1-5[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uPq640stHJ0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=%22ranoji+%22+shinde&ots=Okxt3nuRpt&sig=fVB-eYXQfSLfCQyqj4-84vOe9uU#v=onepage&q=ranoji&f=false]</ref> | |||
At that time Ramchandrababa Sukhtankar, a diplomat of the Peshwa recognised Ranoji's talents and got him appointed as the personal servant of the Peshwa's son, [[Bajirao I]]. <ref name="Embree1988">{{cite book|author=Ainslie Thomas Embree|title=Encyclopedia of Asian history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtwpAQAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-0-684-18899-7|page=14|quote=Ranoji Scindia (d. 1750), the founder of Gwalior state, started his political career reputedly as a slipper-bearer at the court of the peshwa, or prime minister, of the Marathas, but soon rose to high office.}}</ref><ref name="Ayyar1999">{{cite book|author=K. V. Krishna Ayyar|title=The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUtuAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Publication Division, University of Calicut|isbn=978-81-7748-000-9|quote=The carrying of the Pallimaradi before the Zamorin on public occasions might have been due to the same reason as the carrying of a pair of golden slippers before Scindia , whose ancestor was the slipper - bearer of Peshwa Baji Rao - to show his respect for his original humble office which was the cause of his subsequent success}}</ref><ref name="Chandra2003">{{cite book|author=Satish Chandra|title=Essays on Medieval Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566336-5|page=93|quote=The Sindhias, it is well-known, were drawn from a Kunbi family which had the hereditary patel-ship of Kumberkerrab in the district of Wai. The origins of the Holkar were even more humble: they belonged to the caste of goat-herds (dungar), the family holding zamindari rights in the village of Hal.}}</ref><ref name="seminar417424">{{cite journal|title=Seminar - Issues 417-424|page= 59 |author=Romila Thapar|year=1994|quote=Many peasant caste men who distinguished themselves in battle or otherwise served the ruler became Marathas . Witness the first Holkar who was a shepherd and the first Scindia who was a Kunbi personal servant of the Peshwa}}</ref> | |||
Upon the death of his father, Bajirao was appointed as the Peshwa at the age of twenty by Chhatrapati [[Shahu I|Shahu]]. This evoked jealousy from senior officials at the Maratha court. This in turn led Baji Rao to promote as commanders of his troops, talented young men who were barely out of teens such as Ranoji, [[Malhar Rao Holkar]], the Pawar brothers, Pilaji Jadhav,and Fateh Singh Bhosle. None of these men belonged to families that held hereditary [[Deshmukh]]i rights under earlier rulers such as the Deccan Sultanates.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Stewart |title=The Marathas 1600–1818 |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge [u.a.] |isbn=978-0521033169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |pages=117–121}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142/ |title=New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707-1772 |date=1946 |publisher=Phoenix Publications |pages=65, 69}}</ref> <ref name="Eaton2005">{{cite book|author=Richard M. Eaton|title=A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&pg=PA188|access-date=16 July 2011|date=19 December 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7|pages=188–}}</ref><ref name="Chandra2003"/> | |||
Ranoji along with Malharrao Holkar and Pawar brothers was in charge of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha campaign]] initiated by Peshwa Bajirao in [[Malwa]] in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at [[Ujjain]] in 1731. He appointed Sukhtankar as his Diwan or administrator and then spent most of his life on Maratha military campaigns.<ref>Rathod, N.G., 1994. The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons.page=1-5[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uPq640stHJ0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=%22ranoji+%22+shinde&ots=Okxt3nuRpt&sig=fVB-eYXQfSLfCQyqj4-84vOe9uU#v=onepage&q=ranoji&f=false]</ref> Some historians credit Sukhtankar with bringing the [[Kumbh mela]] to Ujjain in 1732.<ref>Pandey, J., 2007. The ‘Habitus’ and ‘Doxa’of Great Tradition of Kumbha Mela: Role of Shiva Legends. The Public. An International Refereed Research Journal, 6(2), pp.11[https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54572288/THE_PUBLIC__62__2017_ii_ACADEMIA-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1635303854&Signature=JY09Br-1JOL1MrznF5QxaLGR~bro6q2IfgHwQGAnEVERIXuzSvEfU7Ea1WIVMR6hqAd49e-f91jCK7~evSdk3yqFFJfc5siWCN4VZ5~U3PFgb-GPmOono-OE507EfX1jTRYXu7TUMC63kI9OV6yKVGGYBxha3FTCc96Wvb8OT9A9D4eDAy~~JO5pSMthAl-9RcQaVKUBx-9KQc9Uw2yI5imJY0wL24mMvAESuKrLJVr2sXO0uW5bLD4NQ2dL5k~Wu4kmnxeyHnINAYvp7ipmaozgvQiXS4FilF5ifmtGsqziTNr0TEnxRc6aUSxV2h3-NHegrYixSdnEyIl6cyO3cg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA]</ref><ref>MANIT, B., 2012. BACHELOR OF PLANNING (Doctoral dissertation, MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY).</ref> | |||
<ref name="Jacobsen2008p31">{{cite book|author=James Lochtefeld|editor=Knut A. Jacobsen|title=South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WT2odZ7_d7MC |year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-07459-4|pages=31–33}}</ref> An early account of the Haridwar Kumbh Mela was published by Captain Thomas Hardwicke in 1796 CE.<ref name="Jacobsen2008p31"/> | |||
==Family== | |||
Ranoji had five sons, namely, Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Tukojirao, and [[Mahadji Shinde]]. the first four died fighting in various battles in northern India between 1750-1761. Mahadji, the youngest had an illustrious career in the second half of the 18th century.<ref>Rathod, N.G., 1994. The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons.page=1-5[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uPq640stHJ0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=%22ranoji+%22+shinde&ots=Okxt3nuRpt&sig=fVB-eYXQfSLfCQyqj4-84vOe9uU#v=onepage&q=ranoji&f=false]</ref> | |||
His descendants during British colonial (1818-1947) were the rulers of the Princely state of Gwalior. | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Revision as of 05:44, 29 December 2021
| Ranoji Scindia | |
|---|---|
| Sardar | |
 A plaque outside Shaniwar Wada in Pune | |
| Reign | 1731 - 1745 |
| Successor | Jayappaji Rao Scindia |
| Born | c. 1700 |
| Died | 3 July 1745 (aged 44–45) Shujalpur, Malwa |
| Spouse | Maina Bai Chima Bai |
| Issue | Jayappaji Rao Scindia Dattaji Rao Scindia Jyotiba Rao Scindia Tukoji Rao Scindia Mahadji Shinde |
| House | Shinde |
| Father | Jankoji Shinde (I) |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Ranoji Scindia was the founder of the Scindia dynasty that produced outstanding Maratha military commanders during the 18th century. Later the Scindia served as vassals of the British from the northern Princely state of Gwalior .
Early life
Ranoji Scindia belonged to a Kunbi maratha family.The family held hereditary rights as the Patil of Kanherkhed village in present day Satara district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.The Shinde family in the previous centuries had served as shiledars (cavalrymen) under the Bahmani Sultanate.[1]
Career
Ranoji as a young man started in the service of Balaji Vishwanath Peshwa.[2] At that time Ramchandrababa Sukhtankar, a diplomat of the Peshwa recognised Ranoji's talents and got him appointed as the personal servant of the Peshwa's son, Bajirao I. [3][4][5][6] Upon the death of his father, Bajirao was appointed as the Peshwa at the age of twenty by Chhatrapati Shahu. This evoked jealousy from senior officials at the Maratha court. This in turn led Baji Rao to promote as commanders of his troops, talented young men who were barely out of teens such as Ranoji, Malhar Rao Holkar, the Pawar brothers, Pilaji Jadhav,and Fateh Singh Bhosle. None of these men belonged to families that held hereditary Deshmukhi rights under earlier rulers such as the Deccan Sultanates.[7][8] [1][5] Ranoji along with Malharrao Holkar and Pawar brothers was in charge of the Maratha campaign initiated by Peshwa Bajirao in Malwa in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. He appointed Sukhtankar as his Diwan or administrator and then spent most of his life on Maratha military campaigns.[9] Some historians credit Sukhtankar with bringing the Kumbh mela to Ujjain in 1732.[10][11] [12] An early account of the Haridwar Kumbh Mela was published by Captain Thomas Hardwicke in 1796 CE.[12]
Family
Ranoji had five sons, namely, Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Tukojirao, and Mahadji Shinde. the first four died fighting in various battles in northern India between 1750-1761. Mahadji, the youngest had an illustrious career in the second half of the 18th century.[13] His descendants during British colonial (1818-1947) were the rulers of the Princely state of Gwalior.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Richard M. Eaton (19 December 2005). A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives. Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–. ISBN 978-0-521-25484-7. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
- ↑ Rathod, N.G., 1994. The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons.page=1-5[1]
- ↑ Ainslie Thomas Embree (1988). Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-684-18899-7.
Ranoji Scindia (d. 1750), the founder of Gwalior state, started his political career reputedly as a slipper-bearer at the court of the peshwa, or prime minister, of the Marathas, but soon rose to high office.
- ↑ K. V. Krishna Ayyar (1999). The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806. Publication Division, University of Calicut. ISBN 978-81-7748-000-9.
The carrying of the Pallimaradi before the Zamorin on public occasions might have been due to the same reason as the carrying of a pair of golden slippers before Scindia , whose ancestor was the slipper - bearer of Peshwa Baji Rao - to show his respect for his original humble office which was the cause of his subsequent success
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Satish Chandra (2003). Essays on Medieval Indian History. Oxford University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-19-566336-5.
The Sindhias, it is well-known, were drawn from a Kunbi family which had the hereditary patel-ship of Kumberkerrab in the district of Wai. The origins of the Holkar were even more humble: they belonged to the caste of goat-herds (dungar), the family holding zamindari rights in the village of Hal.
- ↑ Romila Thapar (1994). "Seminar - Issues 417-424": 59.
Many peasant caste men who distinguished themselves in battle or otherwise served the ruler became Marathas . Witness the first Holkar who was a shepherd and the first Scindia who was a Kunbi personal servant of the Peshwa
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Gordon, Stewart (2007). The Marathas 1600–1818. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge University Press. pp. 117–121. ISBN 978-0521033169.
- ↑ Sardesai, Govind Sakharam (1946). New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707-1772. Phoenix Publications. pp. 65, 69.
- ↑ Rathod, N.G., 1994. The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons.page=1-5[2]
- ↑ Pandey, J., 2007. The ‘Habitus’ and ‘Doxa’of Great Tradition of Kumbha Mela: Role of Shiva Legends. The Public. An International Refereed Research Journal, 6(2), pp.11[3]
- ↑ MANIT, B., 2012. BACHELOR OF PLANNING (Doctoral dissertation, MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY).
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 James Lochtefeld (2008). Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.). South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora. Routledge. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-1-134-07459-4.
- ↑ Rathod, N.G., 1994. The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons.page=1-5[4]
See also
Ranoji Scindia Born: - Died: 1745
| ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by None |
Maharaja of Gwalior 1731–1745 |
Succeeded by Jayappaji Rao Scindia |
