National symbols of India: Difference between revisions

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The modern '''[[Republic of India]]''' ([[Hindi]]:{{lang|hi|भारत के राष्‍ट्रीय चिन्ह}}); has several official '''[[National symbols]]''' including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. All the symbols were picked up at various times. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just 21 days before Independence, on the 24th of July in 1947. There are also several other patriotic symbols including the national animal, bird, fruit, flower and tree... have all been selected carefully to project the image of India at its best. They are chosen to reflect Indian culture and beliefs and also the positive at - tributes often associated with Indian traditions respectively.


==Other Indian National and Official symbols==
{{short description|Overview of the national symbols of India}}
{{Quote|''"(Official name) {{lang|hi|भारत गणराज्य}} {{lang|hi-Latn|Bhārat Gaṇarājya}} <br />Republic of India".
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
[[File:Flag of India, New Delhi.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Flag of India]]


[[File:Bharat.ogg|thumb|The Name of the Country]]
The [[Republic of India]] has several official '''[[national symbol]]s''' including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just before independence, on 22 July in 1947.<ref name="Flbag">{{cite web | url = http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=2 | title = National Flag | publisher=[[Government of India]] | access-date=3 March 2014 }}</ref> Other symbols that were designated on various occasions include the national animal, bird, fruit and tree.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements |title=National Identity Elements of India |website=knowindia.gov.in }}</ref>


'''Religions of India''' is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Republic of India is officially a [[Secular state]] and has No "State religion". The [[Indian subcontinent]] is the birthplace of four of the [[Dharma|world's major religions]]; namely [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]], and [[Sikhism]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Basu|first=Durga Das|authorlink=Durga Das Basu|title=Introduction to the Constitution of India|edition=21|year=2013|publisher=LexisNexis|isbn=978-81-8038-918-4|page=124}}</ref>}}
== List of National and Official Symbols of India ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Symbol
!Name
!Image
!References
|-
|-
! Symbol
|'''[[List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages|Official Name]]'''
! Name
|'''[[Names of India in its official languages|Republic of India]]'''  
! Image
[[Hindi language|Hindi]]: भारत गणराज्य ''(Bhārat Gaṇarājya)''
! References
|
|-
| '''[[List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages|Official name]]'''
| '''[[Names of India in its official languages|Republic of India]]''' {{lang-hi|भारत गणराज्य}} ''("Bhārat Gaṇarājya")''  
| [[File:Bharat.ogg|100px]]
|
|
|-
|-
| '''[[National flag]]'''  
| '''[[National Flag]]'''
| '''[[Flag of India]]''' ''("Tiraṅgā")''
| [[Flag of India|'''National Flag of India''']]
| [[Image:Flag of India.svg|100px]]
Hindi: तिरंगा (Tiraṅgā)
| <ref name=PIB>{{cite web|title=Flag Code of India, 2002|url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Government of India|date=3 April 2005|accessdate=23 November 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520211458/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|archivedate=20 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of India.svg|160x160px]]
| A horizontal rectangular [[Tricolour (flag)|tricolour]] with equally sized [[Saffron (color)#Deep saffron|deep saffron]] at the top, [[white]] in the middle and [[Variations of green#India green|India green]] at the bottom. In the center is a [[navy blue]] wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the [[Ashoka Chakra]]. The flag is based on the [[Swaraj flag]] designed by [[Pingali Venkayya]].<ref name="Flbag" />
|-
|-
| '''[[National emblem]]'''  
|'''[[National emblem|National Emblem]]'''
| '''[[State Emblem of India]]''' ''("[[Lion Capital of Ashoka]]")''
 
| [[Image:AshokaLions.jpg|100px]]
'''&'''
| <ref name="GOI Emblem site">{{cite web |url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=9 |title=State Emblem |website=Know India |publisher=Government of India |accessdate=1 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205815/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=9 |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref>
 
'''[[List of national mottos|National Motto]]'''
|'''[[State Emblem of India]]''' ''([[Lion Capital of Ashoka]])''
 
 
 
'''[[Satyameva Jayate|"Satyameva Jayate"]]''' [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: "''सत्यमेव जयते "("Truth Alone Triumphs")''
| align="center" | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|163x163px]]
| An adaptation of [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]] at [[Sarnath]] was adopted as the  [[National Emblem of India|National Emblem]] of [[India]] on 26 January 1950, the day India became a [[republic]]. Forming an integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed below the abacus in [[Devanagari]] script: "Satyameva Jayate" (English: Truth Alone Triumphs), a quote taken from [[Mundaka Upanishad]], the concluding part of the sacred Hindu Vedas.<ref>{{cite web|title=State Emblem|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205815/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=9|archive-date=3 March 2016|access-date=3 April 2012|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national mottos|National motto]]'''  
|'''[[List of national anthems|National Anthem]]'''
| ''' [[Satyameva Jayate]]''' {{lang-sa|सत्यमेव जयते}} ''("Truth Alone Triumphs")''
|'''[[Jana Gana Mana]]''' ''("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People")''
| [[Image:Emblem_of_India.svg|90px]][[File:Satyameva jayate.ogg|100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:Jana Gana Mana sheet music.jpg|174x174px]][[File:Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg|center|120x120px|Jana Gana Mana]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Hindus-laud-Mick-Jagger-for-singing-in-Sanskrit/articleshow/9580267.cms |title=Hindus laud Mick Jagger for singing in Sanskrit - Times Of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2011-08-12 |accessdate=2012-05-23}}</ref>
| '''''Jana Gana Mana''''' is the [[national anthem]] of [[India]]. It was originally composed as [[Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata]] in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] by polymath [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. The first stanza of the song [[Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata]] was adopted by the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950.
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national anthems|National anthem]]'''  
|'''[[List of national anthems|National Song]]'''
| '''[[Jana Gana Mana]]''' ''("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People")''
|'''[[Vande Mataram]]''' ''("I bow to thee, O Mother!")''
| [[File:Jana Gana Mana sheet music.jpg|alt=|127x127px]][[File:आज़ाद हिंद फ़ौज कौमी तराना.ogg|100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:Vande Mataram - Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (Raag Desh).png|172x172px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-chatterjee310803.htm |title= Tagore and Jana Gana Mana |accessdate= |work=Monish R. Chatterjee}}</ref>
| Vande Mataram is a [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] poem written by [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay|Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] which he included in his 1882 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] novel ''[[Anandamath]]''. The poem was first sung by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] at the 1896 session of the [[Indian National Congress]]. The first two verses of the song were adopted as the National Song of India On 24 January 1950 by the [[Constituent Assembly of India]].
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national anthems|National song]]'''  
|'''[[List of national days|National Days]]'''
| '''[[Vande Mataram]]''' ''("I bow to thee, O Mother!")''
|'''[[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]]''',
| [[Image:A rare painting of our national song, Vande Mataram, published in 1923.jpg|100px]][[File:Vande Mataram on Mohan Veena.ogg|100px]]
'''[[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]''',
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfqMmypbACg&feature=emb_err_watch_on_yt
 
  |title= Vande Mataram |accessdate= |work=Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.}}</ref>
'''[[Gandhi Jayanti]]'''
| align="center" | [[File:National days of india.jpg|160x160px]]
|26 January Republic Day, adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950          15 August Independence from the British Empire in 1947                                    2 October Gandhi Jayanti, birth anniversary of Father of the Nation
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national days|National days]]'''
|'''[[Oath of Allegiance]]'''
| '''[[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]]''' and '''[[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]'''
|[[National Pledge (India)|'''National Pledge''']]
| [[Image:Republic day parade (India) montage.jpg|100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:National Pledge of India.png|160x160px]]
| <ref>{{cite news|agency=Eastern Fare |url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |title=India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day |publisher=Efi-news.com |date=26 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083307/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |archivedate=15 May 2012 }}</ref>
|It was written in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] by [[Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao]] in 1962. Central Advisory Board on Education directed that the pledge to be sung in Schools and that this practice to be introduced by 26 January 1965.<ref name="BiswasAgrawal1986">{{cite book|last1=Biswas|first1=Arabinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKsVPua_E6sC&pg=PA140|title=Development of education in India: a historical survey of educational documents before and after independence|last2=Agrawal|first2=S. P.|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-066-4|page=140|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> It is commonly recited by Indians in unison at public events, especially in schools, and during the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] and [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] celebrations.
|-
|-
| '''[[List of circulating currencies|National currency]]'''
|'''[[List of circulating currencies|National Currency]]'''
| '''[[Indian rupee]]''' ''("₹, INR")''
|'''[[Indian rupee|Indian Rupee]]''' ''("₹, INR")''
| [[Image:Banknote_of_india.jpg|100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|103x103px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/dont-take-1-000-and-500-indian-rupee-notes-to-nepal/20120725.html |title=Don't take 1,000 and 500 Indian rupee notes to Nepal |publisher=Rib staff studies |accessdate=27 October 2014}}</ref>
| [[Indian rupee]] (ISO code: INR) is the official currency of the Republic of India. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the [[Reserve Bank of India]]. The [[Indian rupee sign|Indian rupee symbol]] is derived from the Devanagari consonant "र" (ra) and the Latin letter "R" was adopted in 2010. According to [[Udaya Kumar (designer)|Udaya Kumar]], its designer, the design is based on the Indian tricolour.
|-
|-
| '''National calendar'''
|'''National Calendar'''
| '''[[Indian national calendar]]'''
|'''[[Indian national calendar|Indian National Calendar]]'''
| [[Image:No image available.svg|100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:Indian national calendar.jpg|160x160px]]
| <ref>[http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/saha/sahanew.htm Meghnad Saha ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223073932/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/saha/sahanew.htm |date=2015-02-23 }}</ref>
| The '''Indian national calendar''', sometimes called the '''Shalivahana Shaka calendar'''. It is used, alongside the [[Gregorian calendar]], by ''[[The Gazette of India]]'', in news broadcasts by [[All India Radio]] and in calendars and communications issued by the [[Government of India]].
|-
|-
| '''[[National colours]]'''
|'''National Cockade'''
| '''[[Saffron (color)#India saffron or deep saffron|Saffron]]''', '''[[White]]''' and '''[[Shades of green#India green|Green]]''' {{color box|orange|border=darkgray}}{{color box|white|border=darkgray}}{{color box|green|border=darkgray}}<br><br/> '''[[Sky blue]]''' (sports) {{color box|#87CEEB|border=darkgray}}
|'''[[Cockade|Indian Cockade]]'''
| [[File:Flag of India.svg|alt=|100x100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:National Cockade of India.svg|160x160px]]
|
| A '''cockade''' is a knot of ribbons, or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colours which is usually worn on a [[hat]].
|-
|-
| '''National cockade'''
|'''[[List of national animals|National Animal]]'''
| '''[[Cockade|Indian cockade]]'''
|'''[[Tiger]]''' [[Tiger|(''Panthera tigris'']])
| [[File:National Cockade of India.svg|alt=|100x100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:Royal Bengal Tiger at New Delhi.jpg|160x160px]]
| <ref name=PIB>{{cite web|title=Flag Code of India, 2002|url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Government of India|date=3 April 2002|accessdate=23 November 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520211458/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|archivedate=20 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| The T'''iger or Panthera tigris species''' has a 
subspecies called Bengal Tiger. It is a form of a specific population of the ''[[Panthera tigris tigris]]'' subspecies that is native to the [[Indian subcontinent]].
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National animal]]'''
|'''[[List of national animals|National Heritage Animal]]'''
| '''[[Bengal tiger]]'''
|'''[[Indian elephant|Indian Elephant]]''' [[Indian elephant|(''Elephas maximus indicus'')]]
| [[File:Royal Bengal Tiger at New Delhi.jpg|alt=|100x100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|160x160px]]
| <ref name=hbk/>
| Indian elephant is the national heritage animal of India since 22 October 2010. India's Environment Ministry has declared the elephant a National Heritage Animal in order to increase protective measures for the country's nearly 29,000 elephants."Declaring it the National Heritage Animal will give it due place as emblem of ecological sensitivity. It will also mark recognition for its centrality in our plural cultures, traditions and oral lore," the task force wrote in its report.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 October 2010|title=India Gives Elephants 'National Heritage Animal' Status|url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2010/2010-10-22-03.html|access-date=27 October 2018|website=[[Environment News Service]]}}</ref>
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National heritage animal]]'''
|'''[[List of national animals|National Aquatic Animal]]'''
| '''[[Indian elephant]]'''
|[[Ganges river dolphin|'''Ganges River Dolphin''' (''Platanista gangetica'')]]
| [[Image:I_am_Big.jpg|100px]][[File:Elephant voice - trumpeting.ogg|90px]]
| align="center" | [[File:The magnificent Ganges River Dolphin.jpg|160x160px]]
| <ref>{{cite book|last=Guading|first=Madonna|title=The signs and symbols bible : the definitive guide to mysterious markings|year=2009|publisher=Sterling Pub. Co|location=New York|isbn=978-1402770043|pages=239|url=https://books.google.com/?id=SImTll3uupIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA239#v=onepage}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Nature's Ways Lore, Legend, Fact and Fiction.|year=2006|publisher=F+W Media|page=37|isbn=9780715333938}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture |url=http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/category/exhibitions-education/elephant-animal-and-its-ivory-african-culture |publisher=Fowler Museum at UCLA |accessdate=24 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330072035/http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/category/exhibitions-education/elephant-animal-and-its-ivory-african-culture |archivedate=30 March 2013 |df= }}</ref>
| The '''South Asian river dolphin''' (''Platanista gangetica'') is an endangered freshwater or [[river dolphin]] found in the region of [[Indian subcontinent]], which is split into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin and the Indus river dolphin. The Ganges river dolphin is primarily found in the [[Ganges]] and [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] Rivers and their tributaries in [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Nepal]], while the Indus river dolphin is now found only in the main channel of the [[Indus River]] in [[Pakistan]] and River [[Beas]] (a tributary of the Indus) in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in India.The Ganges river dolphin has been recognized by the government of India as its [[List of national animals|National Aquatic Animal]]
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National aquatic animal]]'''
|'''[[List of national animals|National Reptile]]'''
| '''[[South Asian river dolphin]]'''
|'''[[King cobra|King Cobra]]''' [[King cobra|(''Ophiophagus hanna'')]]
| [[Image:Platanista gangetica noaa.jpg|100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:King Cobra 25.jpg|160x160px]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/dolphin-eng_0.pdf|title=Declaration of Gangetic Dolphin as National Aquatic Animal|last=|first=|date=10 May 2010|website=Government of India - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|publisher=|access-date=23 October 2016|archive-date=7 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207210728/http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/dolphin-eng_0.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|King cobra is the national reptile of India. It is considered a sacred animal in Indian culture.
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National reptile]]'''
|'''[[List of national flowers|National Flower]]'''
| '''[[King cobra]]'''
|
| [[Image:King_cobra.jpg|100px]]
[
|  <ref name=hbk/>
'''Lotus''' NATIONALFLOWER''']<ref>{{cite Flowe
|-
 
| '''[[List of national birds|National bird]]'''
<nowiki>| align="center" |</nowiki> | Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flowimmemorial.er and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time
| '''[[Indian peafowl|Indian peacock]]'''
 
|<br/>[[Image:National_bird_-_Peacock.jpg|90px]]
“
| <ref name=hbk>{{cite book|author=Ali, S & S D Ripley| title=Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan|edition=2|publisher=Oxford University Press|volume= 2|year= 1980 |pages =123–126|isbn=0195620631 }}</ref>
 
|-
<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[List of national trees|National Tree]]'''
| '''[[List of national flowers|National flower]]'''
|[[Ficus benghalensis|'''Indian''' '''Banyan''' (''Ficus benghalensis'')]]
| '''[[Nelumbo nucifera|Indian lotus]]'''
| align="center" | [[File:The great banyan tree.jpg|160x160px]]
| [[Image:Nelumbo-nucifera-3- 1200.jpg|100px]]
| Indian banyan (''[[Ficus bengalensis]]'') root themselves to form new trees and grow over large areas. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of the myths and legends of India.<nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite web|title=National Tree|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122081829/http://www.knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|archive-date=22 January 2013|access-date=3 April 2012|publisher=[[Government of India]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gahlot|first=Indrajit|date=2014-09-05|title=Destination Of The Week : Banyan Tree amritsar|url=https://nevertiredoftravelling.wordpress.com/2014/09/05/destination-of-the-week-banyan-tree-amritsar/|access-date=2021-01-31|website=Never Tired of Travelling|language=en}}</ref>'''
| <ref>{{cite book|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|title=National Flower Or Floral Emblem|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=sK-wygGaDaMC |year=1964|author=United States. Congress House House Administration|pages=47}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The March of India|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=LQBH1iEXSuMC|volume=2 |year=1949|pages=38}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national trees|National tree]]'''
|'''[[List of national birds|National Bird]]'''
| '''[[Ficus benghalensis|Indian banyan]]'''
|'''[[Indian peacock|Indian Peacock]]''' [[Indian peacock|(''Pavo cristatus'')]]
| [[File:The great banyan tree.jpg|alt=|100x100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:Pfau imponierend.jpg|160x160px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Tree|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|Indian peacock  (''[[Pavo cristatus]]'') is designated as the national bird of India. A bird indigenous to the subcontinent, the peacock represents the unity of vivid colours and finds references in Indian culture.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Bird|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115003741/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=3|archive-date=15 January 2013|access-date=3 April 2012|publisher=[[Government of India]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 1 February 1963, The Government of India had decided to have the Peacock as the national bird of India.
|-
|-
| '''[[List of national fruits|National fruit]]'''
|'''[[List of national fruits|National Fruit]]'''
| '''[[Mango]]'''
|'''[[Mango]]'''
| [[File:Mango tree and "karamba" tree.jpg|alt=|100x100px]]
| align="center" | [[File:Mangifera indica (Manguier 4).jpg|160x160px]]
| <ref name=kaetf>{{ cite web |url=http://knowandenjoytropicalfruit.com/chapters/jackfruit-and-breadfruit-relatives/ |title=Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives |publisher=Know & Enjoy Tropical Fruit |year=2012 |accessdate=2012-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=National Fruit|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Mango (''[[Mangifera indica]]'') originated in India and the country is home to more than 100 varieties of the fruit. Mango is referred to as the King of Fruits. <ref>{{cite web|title=National Fruit|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122081811/http://www.knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=13|archive-date=22 January 2013|access-date=3 April 2012|publisher=[[Government of India]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
</ref>
|-
|-
| '''National river'''
|'''National River'''
| '''[[Ganges]]'''
|'''[[Ganga]]'''
| [[Image:Ganga_the_soul_of_India.jpg|100px]]  
| align="center" | [[File:Dashawamedha Ghat in Varanasi 1.jpg|160x160px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url = http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=7 |title = National River |publisher = [[Government of India]] |access-date = 3 April 2012 |archive-date = 25 December 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051835/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=7%20 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
| The Ganges is a lifeline to millions who live along its course. It is a sacred river and worshipped as the goddess ''[[Ganges in Hinduism|Ganga]]'' in [[Hinduism]]. It has been important historically; many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as [[Prayagraj]], [[Dhaka]], [[Baharampur]], [[Bikrampur]], [[Kampilya]], [[Kannauj]], [[Kara (Kaushambi)|Kara]], [[Varanasi|Kashi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Murshidabad]], [[Munger]], [[Patliputra]], and [[Sonargaon]]) have been located on its banks.
|}
|}


== See also ==
* [[List of Indian state symbols]]


==Related pages==
== References ==
* [[National symbols of Bangladesh]]
{{Reflist}}
* [[National symbols of Pakistan]]


==References==
== External links ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Commons|National Symbols of India}}
* [http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php National Symbols]. [[Know India Programme]].
* [http://india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols National Symbols]. [[Govt. of India]] Official website.
https://www.adda247.com/defence-jobs/what-is-the-national-animal-of-india/


==Other websites==
{{-}}
* [http://www.india.gov.in/ The Government of India]
{{Symbols of India}}
* [http://www.infohindi.gov.in/ Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}
* [http://www.culture.gov.in/ Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
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[[Category:National symbols of India| ]]
[[Category:National symbols of India| ]]

Revision as of 03:44, 3 November 2021


Flag of India

The Republic of India has several official national symbols including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just before independence, on 22 July in 1947.[1] Other symbols that were designated on various occasions include the national animal, bird, fruit and tree.[2]

List of National and Official Symbols of India

Symbol Name Image References
Official Name Republic of India

Hindi: भारत गणराज्य (Bhārat Gaṇarājya)

National Flag National Flag of India

Hindi: तिरंगा (Tiraṅgā)

A horizontal rectangular tricolour with equally sized deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and India green at the bottom. In the center is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag designed by Pingali Venkayya.[1]
National Emblem

&

National Motto

State Emblem of India (Lion Capital of Ashoka)


"Satyameva Jayate" Sanskrit: "सत्यमेव जयते "("Truth Alone Triumphs")

An adaptation of Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath was adopted as the National Emblem of India on 26 January 1950, the day India became a republic. Forming an integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script: "Satyameva Jayate" (English: Truth Alone Triumphs), a quote taken from Mundaka Upanishad, the concluding part of the sacred Hindu Vedas.[3]
National Anthem Jana Gana Mana ("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People")
Jana Gana Mana
 Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by polymath Rabindranath Tagore. The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950.
National Song Vande Mataram ("I bow to thee, O Mother!") Error creating thumbnail: File with dimensions greater than 12.5 MP Vande Mataram is a Sanskrit poem written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee which he included in his 1882 Bengali novel Anandamath. The poem was first sung by Rabindranath Tagore at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress. The first two verses of the song were adopted as the National Song of India On 24 January 1950 by the Constituent Assembly of India.
National Days Independence Day,

Republic Day,

Gandhi Jayanti

26 January Republic Day, adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950 15 August Independence from the British Empire in 1947 2 October Gandhi Jayanti, birth anniversary of Father of the Nation
Oath of Allegiance National Pledge It was written in Telugu by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao in 1962. Central Advisory Board on Education directed that the pledge to be sung in Schools and that this practice to be introduced by 26 January 1965.[4] It is commonly recited by Indians in unison at public events, especially in schools, and during the Independence Day and Republic Day celebrations.
National Currency Indian Rupee ("₹, INR") Indian rupee (ISO code: INR) is the official currency of the Republic of India. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The Indian rupee symbol is derived from the Devanagari consonant "र" (ra) and the Latin letter "R" was adopted in 2010. According to Udaya Kumar, its designer, the design is based on the Indian tricolour.
National Calendar Indian National Calendar The Indian national calendar, sometimes called the Shalivahana Shaka calendar. It is used, alongside the Gregorian calendar, by The Gazette of India, in news broadcasts by All India Radio and in calendars and communications issued by the Government of India.
National Cockade Indian Cockade A cockade is a knot of ribbons, or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colours which is usually worn on a hat.
National Animal Tiger (Panthera tigris) The Tiger or Panthera tigris species has a

subspecies called Bengal Tiger. It is a form of a specific population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies that is native to the Indian subcontinent.

National Heritage Animal Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) Indian elephant is the national heritage animal of India since 22 October 2010. India's Environment Ministry has declared the elephant a National Heritage Animal in order to increase protective measures for the country's nearly 29,000 elephants."Declaring it the National Heritage Animal will give it due place as emblem of ecological sensitivity. It will also mark recognition for its centrality in our plural cultures, traditions and oral lore," the task force wrote in its report.[5]
National Aquatic Animal Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) File:The magnificent Ganges River Dolphin.jpg The South Asian river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is an endangered freshwater or river dolphin found in the region of Indian subcontinent, which is split into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin and the Indus river dolphin. The Ganges river dolphin is primarily found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers and their tributaries in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, while the Indus river dolphin is now found only in the main channel of the Indus River in Pakistan and River Beas (a tributary of the Indus) in Punjab in India.The Ganges river dolphin has been recognized by the government of India as its National Aquatic Animal
National Reptile King Cobra (Ophiophagus hanna) King cobra is the national reptile of India. It is considered a sacred animal in Indian culture.
National Flower

[ Lotus NATIONALFLOWER][6][7]

National Bird Indian Peacock (Pavo cristatus) Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus) is designated as the national bird of India. A bird indigenous to the subcontinent, the peacock represents the unity of vivid colours and finds references in Indian culture.[8] On 1 February 1963, The Government of India had decided to have the Peacock as the national bird of India.
National Fruit Mango Mango (Mangifera indica) originated in India and the country is home to more than 100 varieties of the fruit. Mango is referred to as the King of Fruits. [9]
National River Ganga The Ganges is a lifeline to millions who live along its course. It is a sacred river and worshipped as the goddess Ganga in Hinduism. It has been important historically; many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Prayagraj, Dhaka, Baharampur, Bikrampur, Kampilya, Kannauj, Kara, Kashi, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Munger, Patliputra, and Sonargaon) have been located on its banks.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "National Flag". Government of India. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  2. ↑ "National Identity Elements of India". knowindia.gov.in.
  3. ↑ "State Emblem". Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  4. ↑ Biswas, Arabinda; Agrawal, S. P. (1 January 1986). Development of education in India: a historical survey of educational documents before and after independence. Concept Publishing Company. p. 140. ISBN 978-81-7022-066-4. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  5. ↑ "India Gives Elephants 'National Heritage Animal' Status". Environment News Service. 22 October 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  6. ↑ {{cite Flowe | align="center" | | Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flowimmemorial.er and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time “ |National Tree |Indian Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) | align="center" | | Indian banyan (Ficus bengalensis) root themselves to form new trees and grow over large areas. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of the myths and legends of India.<ref>"National Tree". Government of India. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  7. ↑ Gahlot, Indrajit (5 September 2014). "Destination Of The Week : Banyan Tree amritsar". Never Tired of Travelling. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  8. ↑ "National Bird". Government of India. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  9. ↑ "National Fruit". Government of India. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2012.

External links

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