Hinduism by country: Difference between revisions

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Percentage of Hindus by country, according to the Pew Research Center.

Hinduism has approximately 1.2 billion adherents worldwide (15-16% of world's population). Nepal (82%)^[1] and India (80.3%)^[2] are countries with Hindus being the majority of their respective populations, while Mauritius (an island nation in African continent) have (48.5%) population as followers of Hindu religion.^[3] Along with Christianity (31.5%) and Islam (23.2%), Hinduism is one of the three major religions of the world by percentage of population. Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world after Christianity and Islam.^[4]

Presently, India and Nepal are the two Hindu majority countries. Most Hindus are found in Asian countries. The countries with more than 5,000 Hindu residents and citizens include (in decreasing order) – India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia (especially in Bali, which is 84% Hindu), Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, United States, Myanmar, Thailand, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa, Mauritius, Suriname and the Caribbean (West Indies).

There are significant numbers of Hindu enclaves around the world, with many in Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Hinduism is also practised by the non-Indic people like Balinese of Bali island (Indonesia), Tengger and Osing of Java (Indonesia) and Balamon Chams of Vietnam, Ghanaian Hindus in Ghana, Chinese Malaysians, Orang Asli of Malaysia and Butuanon people of Philippines.

Background

Hinduism is a heterogeneous religion and consists of many schools of thought. Hinduism has no traditional ecclesiastical order, no centralised religious authorities, no governing body, no prophets; Hindus can choose to be polytheistic, monotheistic, pantheistic, monistic, agnostic, humanist or atheistic.^[5] Estimates of Hinduism by country reflects this diversity of thought and way of life.

Demographic estimates

Demographic estimates of Hindu population by country has been published by the Pew Research Center in 2012,^[6] as well as US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2006.^[7]

By total number, India has the most Hindus. As a percentage, Nepal has the largest percentage of Hindu population in the world followed by India and Mauritius.^[8] The Hindu population around the world as of (2020) is about 1.2 billion (making it the world's third largest Religion after Christianity and Islam), of which nearly around 1.1 billion hindus live in India, (making the nation with highest concentration of Hindus) as 94% of world's hindus live in this country.^[9]^[10] As per a statistical study, there are an estimated 100 million Hindus who lived outside of India.^[11] Only two countries in the world, in 2010, had a majority of its population as Hindus – Nepal and India.^[12] In Mauritius, Hindus comprise 48.5% i.e a plurality of its population in 2011 census. Bangladesh, Fiji, Bhutan, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Sri Lanka have very large and influential Hindu minorities.

By country

Sources used for the table below include the US State Department,^[7] the CIA World Factbook,^[13] adherents.com,^[14] Pew Research Center.^[15]^[16] and as identified.

Hinduism by country
Region	Country	Hindu total	Percentage	Total population	Census year
South Asia	Afghanistan Afghanistan	<1,000(est)	<0.01%^[17]^[18]	31,889,923	2017
Western Europe	Andorra	300 - 400	0.4%^[19]	60,000	>2012
Caribbean	Template:Country data Anguilla Template:Preview warning Anguilla	50 - 60	0.43%^[20]	13,452	-NA-
Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda	379	0.4%^[21]	81,799	-NA-
South America	Argentina	4,000+	0.01%^[22]	40,301,927	-NA-
Oceania	Australia	440,300	1.9%^[23]	23,401,400	2016
Central Europe	Austria	11,000	0.1% ^[24]	8,900,000
Middle East	Bahrain	7,000 – 144,286^{[note 1]}	<1%–9.8%^[27]^{[note 1]}	708,573
South Asia	Bangladesh	14,300,000	8.54%^[28]	167,000,000	2011
Caribbean	Barbados	1055	0.46%^[29]	226,193
Western Europe	Belgium	6,235	0.06%^[30]	10,392,226
Central America and Caribbean	Belize	612	0.2%^[31]	294,385
South Asia	Bhutan	185,700	22.6%–25%^[32]^[33]	742,737
Southern Africa	Botswana	3,353	0.3%^[34]	1372675
South America	Brazil	5,675-9500	0.0029%^[35]–0.01%	192,755,799
Southeast Asia	Brunei	131	0.035%^[36]	374,577
West Africa	Burkina Faso	150	0.001%^{[citation needed]}	14,326,203
Central Africa	Burundi	8,391	0.1%^[37]^[38]	8,390,505
Southeast Asia	Cambodia	41,988	0.3%^[39]^[40]	13,995,904
North America	Canada	497,965	1.45%^[41]^[42]	33,390,141	2011
Central Europe	Czech Republic	2,404	0.023%^[43]	10,436,560
South America	Colombia	8,876	0.02%^[44]	44,379,598
East Africa	Comoros	711	0.1%(approx) ^{[citation needed]}	711,417
Central Africa	Template:Country data Congo (Kinshasa)Template:Preview warning Congo (Kinshasa)	30,000^[16]	0.18%^[16]	65,751,512
Balkans	Croatia	449	0.01% (approx)^[45]	4,493,312
North America	Cuba	23,927	0.21%^[46]	11,394,043
West Africa	Côte d'Ivoire	18,013	0.1%^[47]^[48]	18,013,409
Western Europe	Denmark	5,468	0.1%^[49]^[50]	5,468,120
East Africa	Djibouti	99	0.02%^[51]	496,374
Caribbean	Dominica	145	0.2%^[52]	72,386
East Africa	Eritrea	4,907	0.1% (approx)^[53]	4,906,585
Eastern Europe	Estonia	295	0.027% ^[54]	1,094,564
Oceania	Fiji	261,136	27.9%^[55]^[56]	935,974
Western Europe	Finland	5,000	0.1%^[57]	5,238,460
Western Europe	France	63,718	0.1%^[58]^[59]	63,718,187
Eastern Europe	Georgia	465	0.01% (approx)^[60]	4,646,003
Western Europe	Germany	100,000	0.12%^[61]	81,800,000
West Africa	Ghana	11,466	0.05% (approx)^[62]	22,931,299
Western Europe	Gibraltar	628	2.0% ^[63]	32,194
Caribbean	Grenada	630	0.7%^[64]	89,971
Caribbean	Template:Country data Guadeloupe Template:Preview warning Guadeloupe	2,300	0.5%^[65]	460,000
South America and Caribbean	Guyana	190,966	24.83%^[66]	769,095
Central Europe	Hungary	1,767^[67]	0.02%	9,956,108
South Asia	India	1,053,000,000	79.8% ^[68]^[69]^[70]	1,320,000,000	(2011 Census)
Southeast Asia	Indonesia	10,000,000 - 18,000,000 ^{[citation needed]}^{[note 2]}	3.86 - 6.95%^[74]^[75]^[76]	259,000,000
Middle East	Iran	20,000^[16]	<0.1^[16]	65,397,521
Western Europe	Ireland	14,300	0.30%^[77]	4,761,865	2016
Middle East	Israel	6,427	0.1% (approx)^[78]	6,426,679
Western Europe	Italy	108,950	0.2% (approx)^[79]	60,418,000
Caribbean	Jamaica	1,836	0.07%^[80]	2,780,132
East Asia	Japan	30,000^[16]	<0.1^[16]	127,433,494
East Africa	Kenya	60,000^[16]	0.1%^[16]	37,000,000
East Asia	Korea, South	12,452	0.015% (approx)	49,044,790
Middle East	Kuwait	300,667^{[note 3]}	12%^[82]	2,505,559
Eastern Europe	Latvia	179	0.012%^[83]	1,481,823
Middle East	Lebanon	4,926	0.1% (approx)^[84]	4,925,502
Eastern Europe	Lithuania	344	0.01% ^[85]	2,561,000
Southern Africa	Lesotho	2,125	0.1% (approx)^[86]^[87]	2,125,262
West Africa	Liberia	3,196	0.1% (approx)^[88]	3,195,931
North Africa	Libya	6,037	0.1%^[89]^[90]	6,036,914
Western Europe	Luxembourg	336	0.07% (approx)^[91]	480,222
Southern Africa	Madagascar	19,449	0.1%^[92]^[93]	19,448,815
Southern Africa	Malawi	2,721 – 2,726	0.02%^[94] – 0.2%^[95]	13,603,181
Southeast Asia	Malaysia	1,949,850	6.3%^[96]^[97]	30,949,962
Caribbean	Template:Country data Martinique Template:Preview warning Martinique	1,317	0.3%^[98]	439,202
South Asia	Maldives	37	0.01%^[99]	369,031
Southern Africa	Mauritius	600,327	48.5%^[100]^[101]	1,236,817	2011
Eastern Europe	Moldova	433	0.01% (approx)^[102]	3,200,000
Southern Africa	Mozambique	10,453 – 41,811	0.05%^[103] – 0.2%^[104]	20,905,585
Southeast Asia	Myanmar	252,763^[105]	0.5%^[105]	50,279,900^[105]
South Asia	Nepal	23,500,000	81.3%^[106]^[107]	28,901,790	2011
Western Europe	Netherlands	96,110 – 200,000	0.58%^[108] – 1.20%^[109]	16,570,613
Oceania	New Zealand	90,158	2.1%^[110]	4,115,771
Western Europe	Norway	23,140	0.5%	4,627,926
Middle East	Oman	96,147 – 182,679	3%^[111] – 5.7%^[112]	3,204,897
South Asia	Pakistan	3,626,000	1.85%^[113]	196,000,000	2011
Central America	Panama	9,726	0.3%^[114]^[115]	3,242,173
Southeast Asia	Philippines	10,000^[16]	<0.1% ^[16]	102,000,000^[116]
Western Europe	Portugal	7,396	0.07%	10,642,836
Central Europe	Poland	2421	0.008%^[117]	30,575,000
Caribbean	Puerto Rico	3,550	0.09%^[118]	3,944,259
Middle East	Qatar	358,800	13.8%^[119]	2,471,919^[120]
East Africa	Template:Country data Réunion Template:Preview warning Réunion	55,409	6.7%^[121]	927,000
Eastern Europe	Russia	143,000	0.1%^[122]	141,377,752
Oceania	Samoa	38	0.02% (approx)	187,429
Middle East	Saudi Arabia	303,611^{[note 4]}	0.6%^[124] – 1.1%^[125]	27,601,038
East Africa	Seychelles Seychelles	1,910	2.1%^[16]-2.4%^[126]	90,945
West Africa	Sierra Leone	2,458 – 6,145	0.04%^[127] – 0.1%^[128]	6,144,562
Southeast Asia	Singapore	280,000	5.0%^[129]^[130]	5,600,000	2011
Central Europe	Slovakia	5,448	0.1% (approx) ^{[citation needed]}	5,447,502
Central Europe	Slovenia	500	0.025% (approx) ^{[citation needed]}	2,009,245
Southern Africa	South Africa	505,000	0.9%^[131]-1.1%^[16]	49,991,300
South Asia	Sri Lanka	2,671,000	12.6%^[132]	21,200,000	2011
South America and Caribbean	Suriname	120,623 – 128,995	22.3%^[133] – 27.4%^[134]	470,784
Southern Africa	Swaziland	1,700 – 2,266	0.15%^[135] – 0.2%^[136]	1,133,066
Western Europe	Sweden	7,044 – 10,837	0.078% – 0.12%^[137]	9,031,088
Western Europe	Switzerland	28,708-50,000^[138]^[139]	0.38%^[140]^[141]-0.6%^[142]	7,554,661
East Africa	Tanzania	50,000^[143]	0.11%^[143]	39,384,223
Caribbean	Trinidad and Tobago	240,100	18.2%^[144]^[145]^[146]	1,056,608	2011
Southeast Asia	Thailand	65,000	0.1%^[147]	65,068,149
Oceania	Tonga	100	0.1%^[148]	103,043
Eastern Europe	Ukraine	42,386	0.1%^[149]	42,386,400
East Africa	Uganda	43,557	0.2%^[150]	30,262,610
Middle East	United Arab Emirates	490,000^{[note 5]}	5 - 20%^[152]	9,682,000
Western Europe	United Kingdom	1,020,000	1.7%^[153]^[154]	60,776,238	2017
North America	United States	2,300,000	0.7%^[155]	322,000,000	2015
Caribbean	Template:Country data United States Virgin Islands Template:Preview warning United States Virgin Islands	528	1.9%^[156]	28,054
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	2,778	0.01% (approx) ^{[citation needed]}	27,780,059
Southeast Asia	Vietnam	70,000	0.07%	85,262,356
Middle East	Yemen	155,614	0.7%^[157]	22,230,531
Southern Africa	c	16,068	0.14%^[158]^[159]	11,477,447
Southern Africa	Zimbabwe	3,000	0.02%	12,311,143
Total		1,100,000,000 - 1,120,000,000	16	7,500,000,000

By region

These percentages were calculated by using the above numbers. The first percentage, 4th column, is the percentage of population that is Hindu in a region (Hindus in the region * 100/total population of the region). The last column shows the Hindu percentage compared to the total Hindu population of the world (Hindus in the region * 100/total Hindu population of the world).

(Note: Egypt, Sudan, and other Arab Maghreb countries are counted as part of North Africa, not Middle East).

Hinduism in Africa
Region	Total Population	Hindus	% of Hindus	% of Hindu total
Central Africa	193,121,055	N/A	N/A	N/A
East Africa	193,741,900	667,694	0.345%	0.071%
North Africa	202,151,323	5,765	0.003%	0.001%
Southern Africa	137,092,019	1,269,844	0.926%	0.135%
West Africa	268,997,245	70,402	0.026%	0.007%
Total	885,103,542	2,013,705	0.225%	0.213%

Hinduism in Asia
Region	Total Population	Hindus	% of Hindus	% of Hindu total
Central Asia	92,019,166	149,644	0.163%	0.016%
East Asia	1,527,960,261	130,631	0.009%	0.014%
West Asia	274,775,527	3,187,673	1.5%	0.084%
South Asia	1,437,326,682	1,068,728,901	70.05%	98.475%
Southeast Asia	571,337,070	6,386,614	1.118%	0.677%
Total	3,903,418,706	1,074,728,901	26.01%	99.266%

Hinduism in Europe
Region	Total Population	Hindus	% of Hindus	% of Hindu total
Balkans	65,407,609	449	0.001%	0.001%
Central Europe	74,510,241	163	0%	0%
Eastern Europe	212,821,296	717,101	0.337%	0.076%
Western Europe	375,832,557	1,313,640	0.348%	0.138%
Total	728,571,703	2,030,904	0.278%	0.214%

Hinduism in The Americas
Region	Total Population	Hindus	% of Hindus	% of Hindu total
Caribbean	24,898,266	279,515	1.123%	0.030%
Central America	41,135,205	5,833	0.014%	0.006%
North America	446,088,748	2,131,127	0.478%	0.191%
South America	371,075,531	389,869	0.105%	0.041%
Total	883,197,750	2,806,344	0.281%	0.263%

Hinduism in Oceania
Region	Total Population	Hindus	% of Hindus	% of Hindu total
Oceania	38,552,683	791,615	2.053%	0.071%
Total	38,552,683	791,615	2.053%	0.071%

Projections

In 2015, the Pew Research Center projected that Hindus will continue to make up 15% of the world's population through 2050. They predict that the following ten countries will have the most Hindus in 2050:^[160]

India: 1.297 billion.

Nepal: 38.12 million.

Bangladesh: 14.47 million.

Pakistan: 5.63 million.

United States: 4.78 million.

Indonesia: 4.15 million.

Sri Lanka: 3.43 million.

Malaysia: 2.27 million.

United Kingdom: 1.37 million.

Canada: 1.07 million.

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers are included or not. The official census of the Bahrain government states that 99% of its citizens are Muslims, and the remaining 1% includes Jews, Christians, Hindus, and Bahais.^[25] According to a 2017 publication by Abdullahi An-Na'im, the Muslims in Bahrain constitute 99.3% of the total population.^[26]
↑ The lower number is based on Pew Research estimate and is primarily concentrated in the island of Bali, Indonesia and nearby provinces of Indonesia. The higher number is based on a 2010 estimate by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Government of Indonesia.^[71] The largest Hindu organization in Indonesia Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia states that the Indonesian census greatly underestimates Hindu population, because predominantly Muslim nation of Indonesia does not recognize all forms of Hinduism, and only recognizes monotheistic Hinduism under its constitution.^[72]^[73]
↑ The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The official Kuwaiti government census data does not count Hindus as residents or citizens of Kuwait.^[81]
↑ The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The Saudi Arabian government mandates that all Saudi citizens must be Muslims, and it prohibits public practice of Hinduism and other non-Muslim religions.^[123]
↑ The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. 80% of the UAE population is non-citizen temporary workers, and estimated 25% of these workers may be Hindu. Only Sunni Muslims can be naturalized new citizens in UAE. According to the US State Department, the federal constitution of the UAE designates Islam as the official religion, and Islam is also the official religion of all seven of the individual emirates in the federal union. The Government does not recognize all non-Muslim religions and only a limited number of Christian groups are granted legal recognition in UAE. Non-Muslim and non-Christian religions such as Hinduism are not recognized legally in any of the emirates.^[151]

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External links

adherents.com

Template:Religions by country Template:Religion country lists

[hbahrain-27] 1.0 ^1.1 The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers are included or not. The official census of the Bahrain government states that 99% of its citizens are Muslims, and the remaining 1% includes Jews, Christians, Hindus, and Bahais.^[25] According to a 2017 publication by Abdullahi An-Na'im, the Muslims in Bahrain constitute 99.3% of the total population.^[26]

[75] The lower number is based on Pew Research estimate and is primarily concentrated in the island of Bali, Indonesia and nearby provinces of Indonesia. The higher number is based on a 2010 estimate by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Government of Indonesia.^[71] The largest Hindu organization in Indonesia Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia states that the Indonesian census greatly underestimates Hindu population, because predominantly Muslim nation of Indonesia does not recognize all forms of Hinduism, and only recognizes monotheistic Hinduism under its constitution.^[72]^[73]

[84] The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The official Kuwaiti government census data does not count Hindus as residents or citizens of Kuwait.^[81]

[127] The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The Saudi Arabian government mandates that all Saudi citizens must be Muslims, and it prohibits public practice of Hinduism and other non-Muslim religions.^[123]

[156] The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. 80% of the UAE population is non-citizen temporary workers, and estimated 25% of these workers may be Hindu. Only Sunni Muslims can be naturalized new citizens in UAE. According to the US State Department, the federal constitution of the UAE designates Islam as the official religion, and Islam is also the official religion of all seven of the individual emirates in the federal union. The Government does not recognize all non-Muslim religions and only a limited number of Christian groups are granted legal recognition in UAE. Non-Muslim and non-Christian religions such as Hinduism are not recognized legally in any of the emirates.^[151]

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[160] "2014 Religious Landscape Study – Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life". 12 May 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.

[161] ttps://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/BVI/VGB-2016-09-08.pdf

[162] "Religious Freedom Page". Archived from the original on 5 November 2007.

[163] "Country Profile: Zambia (Republic of Zambia)". Retrieved 14 February 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

[164] "Religious Freedom Page". Archived from the original on 5 November 2007.

[165] ttps://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/hindus/

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