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| logo = | | logo = | ||
| other_name = BGRD | | other_name = BGRD | ||
| founder = Pawan Pandit | | founder = Pawan Pandit<ref name="LM">{{cite web |first=Ashwaq |last=Masoodi |title=Who is a Gau Rakshak? |date=26 Jul 2016 |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Mi6HZpayTzwJT7G6zy8dTO/Who-is-a-Gau-Rakshak.html |website=[[LiveMint]]}}</ref> | ||
| leader = Pawan Pandit | | leader = Pawan Pandit<ref name="LM" /> | ||
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012|08|24|p=y}} | | foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012|08|24|p=y}} | ||
| motives = Participation in the [[cow protection movement]] | | motives = Participation in the [[cow protection movement]] | ||
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| partof = [[Sangh Parivar]] | | partof = [[Sangh Parivar]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal''' ({{Literal translation|Indian Cow Protection Organisation}}; {{Small|abbr.}}:{{Abbr|BGRD|Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal}}) is an Indian [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Militia|militant]] [[Hindutva]] organisation. Involved in the [[cow protection movement]], the group is affiliated with the [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] Hindutva [[paramilitary]] organisation [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and is a member of the [[Sangh Parivar]]. | The '''Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal''' ({{Literal translation|Indian Cow Protection Organisation}}; {{Small|abbr.}}:{{Abbr|BGRD|Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal}}) is an Indian [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Militia|militant]] [[Hindutva]] organisation. Involved in the [[cow protection movement]], the group is affiliated with the [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] Hindutva [[paramilitary]] organisation [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and is a member of the [[Sangh Parivar]].<ref name="HC">{{Cite web |first=Ramachandra |last=Guha |author-link=Ramachandra Guha |date=31 July 2016 |title=RSS' India model comes to Gujarat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/rss-india-model-comes-to-gujarat/story-0ePXSzxH5Y10VBDJIoe7jJ.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731192643/https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/rss-india-model-comes-to-gujarat/story-0ePXSzxH5Y10VBDJIoe7jJ.html |archive-date=31 July 2016 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> It regularly engages in [[Sectarian violence|vigilante violence]] against minorities, primarily [[Violence against Muslims in India|Muslims]] and [[Persecution of Dalits#India|Dalits]]. It was founded in 2012 by Pawan Pandit.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salam |first1=Ziya Us |title=Lynch Files: The Forgotten Saga of Victims of Hate Crime |publisher=SAGE Publications India |date=2019 |page=57 |isbn=9789353282202 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CeGCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT57}}</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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The cow has long been regarded as sacred in [[Hinduism]]. However, in modern India, the promotion of cow protection, through the cow protection movement, arises more from the exclusivist and antagonistic, Hindu fundamentalist, and [[Caste system in India|caste-based]] aspects of [[Hindutva]], a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] ideology, than from the principle of ''[[ahimsa]]'' ({{Translation|Non-violence}}) or genuine religious devotion.{{Sfn|Gittinger|2017|pages=131–149}} | The cow has long been regarded as sacred in [[Hinduism]]. However, in modern India, the promotion of cow protection, through the cow protection movement, arises more from the exclusivist and antagonistic, Hindu fundamentalist, and [[Caste system in India|caste-based]] aspects of [[Hindutva]], a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] ideology, than from the principle of ''[[ahimsa]]'' ({{Translation|Non-violence}}) or genuine religious devotion.{{Sfn|Gittinger|2017|pages=131–149}} | ||
{{Blockquote|text=Such a point of honour in our national life is none else but Mother Cow, the living symbol of the Mother Earth — that deserves to be the sole object of devotion and worship. To stop forthwith any onslaught on this particular point of our national honour, and to foster the spirit of devotion to the motherland, [a] ban on cow slaughter should find topmost priority in our programme of national renaissance in [[Swaraj]].|title=|author=[[M. S. Golwalkar]] | {{Blockquote|text=Such a point of honour in our national life is none else but Mother Cow, the living symbol of the Mother Earth — that deserves to be the sole object of devotion and worship. To stop forthwith any onslaught on this particular point of our national honour, and to foster the spirit of devotion to the motherland, [a] ban on cow slaughter should find topmost priority in our programme of national renaissance in [[Swaraj]].|title=|author=[[M. S. Golwalkar]]<ref name="HC" />}} | ||
=== Establishment === | === Establishment === | ||
The BGRD was established by Pawan Pandit in 2012.{{Sfn|Gittinger|2017|page=143}} Its members, known as "''Gau Rakshaks''",{{Sfn|Gittinger|2017|page=143}} are predominantly ''[[Brahmins]]''. | The BGRD was established by Pawan Pandit in 2012.{{Sfn|Gittinger|2017|page=143}} Its members, known as "''Gau Rakshaks''",{{Sfn|Gittinger|2017|page=143}} are predominantly ''[[Brahmins]]''.<ref name="HC" /> In 2015, a member of the group was appointed to the cattle protection state committee in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], strengthening the group's influence.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2015 |title=Indian Cattle Protection State Committee appointed in Punjab |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/PUN-OTH-MAT-latest-rahon-news-031033-2181769-NOR.html |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> | ||
== Activities == | == Activities == | ||
Considered to be a [[Vigilantism|vigilante]] [[paramilitary]] organisation, | Considered to be a [[Vigilantism|vigilante]] [[paramilitary]] organisation,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2017 |title=India: 'Cow Protection' Spurs Vigilante Violence |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/27/india-cow-protection-spurs-vigilante-violence |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}</ref> the BGRD has a ''Gau Commando Force'', involving vigilantes patrolling state borders for people [[Cattle theft in India|smuggling cows]] and conducting raids on [[Slaughterhouse|slaughterhouses]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2018 |title=Bringing the cows home |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/bringing-the-cows-home/article21987730.ece1 |publisher=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> The organisation is regularly involved in [[Violence against Muslims in India|anti-Muslim]] and [[Persecution of Dalits#India|anti-Dalit violence]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=6 November 2017 |title=Emboldened by Modi's ascent, India's cow vigilantes deny Muslims their livelihood |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/india-politics-religion-cows/ |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=28 July 2016 |title=Beatings for the Publicity 'In the Name of the Cow' |url=http://khabar.ndtv.com/video/show/badi-khabar/badi-khabar-beating-for-the-publicity-in-the-name-of-the-cow-425406 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804181622/http://khabar.ndtv.com/video/show/badi-khabar/badi-khabar-beating-for-the-publicity-in-the-name-of-the-cow-425406 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 August 2016 |publisher=[[NDTV]] }}</ref> Despite credible evidence, many of the accused have faced minimal legal consequences. Furthermore, the police often coordinates and works with the group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malhotra |first=Kshitij |date=19 July 2016 |title=Go for gau-raksha: Haryana police to work with cow vigilantes |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2016/07/19/go-for-gau-raksha-haryana-police-to-work-with-cow-vigilantes |website=[[Newslaundry]]}}</ref> The group itself has been criticised by many for its engagement in vigilante policing.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |date=25 July 2016 |title="Vigilantes have no Role Here", Comments the Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment-newspaper/vigilantes-have-no-role-here/story-9FslYqerrO1jqOPxFeZqNP.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 April 2017 |title='A cow's life is more precious than a human being's' |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/interview/a-cows-life-is-more-precious-than-a-human-beings/20170411.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Latest revision as of 11:08, 22 March 2026
| Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal | |
|---|---|
| Also known as | BGRD |
| Founder | Pawan Pandit[1] |
| Leader | Pawan Pandit[1] |
| Foundation | 24 August 2012 |
| Motives | Participation in the cow protection movement |
| Ideology | Hindutva |
| Political position | Right-wing |
| Major actions | |
| Part of | Sangh Parivar |
The Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal (lit. 'Indian Cow Protection Organisation'; abbr.:BGRD) is an Indian right-wing militant Hindutva organisation. Involved in the cow protection movement, the group is affiliated with the right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and is a member of the Sangh Parivar.[2] It regularly engages in vigilante violence against minorities, primarily Muslims and Dalits. It was founded in 2012 by Pawan Pandit.[3]
History[edit | edit source]
Background[edit | edit source]
The cow has long been regarded as sacred in Hinduism. However, in modern India, the promotion of cow protection, through the cow protection movement, arises more from the exclusivist and antagonistic, Hindu fundamentalist, and caste-based aspects of Hindutva, a Hindu nationalist ideology, than from the principle of ahimsa (transl. Non-violence) or genuine religious devotion.[4]
Such a point of honour in our national life is none else but Mother Cow, the living symbol of the Mother Earth — that deserves to be the sole object of devotion and worship. To stop forthwith any onslaught on this particular point of our national honour, and to foster the spirit of devotion to the motherland, [a] ban on cow slaughter should find topmost priority in our programme of national renaissance in Swaraj.
Establishment[edit | edit source]
The BGRD was established by Pawan Pandit in 2012.[5] Its members, known as "Gau Rakshaks",[5] are predominantly Brahmins.[2] In 2015, a member of the group was appointed to the cattle protection state committee in Punjab, strengthening the group's influence.[6]
Activities[edit | edit source]
Considered to be a vigilante paramilitary organisation,[7] the BGRD has a Gau Commando Force, involving vigilantes patrolling state borders for people smuggling cows and conducting raids on slaughterhouses.[8] The organisation is regularly involved in anti-Muslim and anti-Dalit violence.[9][10] Despite credible evidence, many of the accused have faced minimal legal consequences. Furthermore, the police often coordinates and works with the group.[11] The group itself has been criticised by many for its engagement in vigilante policing.[9][10][12][13]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Masoodi, Ashwaq (26 July 2016). "Who is a Gau Rakshak?". LiveMint.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Guha, Ramachandra (31 July 2016). "RSS' India model comes to Gujarat". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016.
- ↑ Salam, Ziya Us (2019). Lynch Files: The Forgotten Saga of Victims of Hate Crime. SAGE Publications India. p. 57. ISBN 9789353282202.
- ↑ Gittinger 2017, pp. 131–149.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gittinger 2017, p. 143.
- ↑ "Indian Cattle Protection State Committee appointed in Punjab". Dainik Bhaskar. 3 July 2015.
- ↑ "India: 'Cow Protection' Spurs Vigilante Violence". Human Rights Watch. 27 April 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ↑ "Bringing the cows home". Business Line. 10 March 2018.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Emboldened by Modi's ascent, India's cow vigilantes deny Muslims their livelihood". Reuters. 6 November 2017.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Beatings for the Publicity 'In the Name of the Cow'". NDTV. 28 July 2016. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016.
- ↑ Malhotra, Kshitij (19 July 2016). "Go for gau-raksha: Haryana police to work with cow vigilantes". Newslaundry.
- ↑ ""Vigilantes have no Role Here", Comments the Hindustan Times". Hindustan Times. 25 July 2016.
- ↑ "'A cow's life is more precious than a human being's'". Rediff. 11 April 2017.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Gittinger, Juli L. (2017). "The Rhetoric of Violence, Religion, and Purity in India's Cow Protection Movement". Journal of Religion and Violence. 5 (2). JSTOR 26671533.
External links[edit | edit source]
- bgrd
.org (in English)