Bharatpedia

Over-the-top media services in India: Difference between revisions

Article Talk

Over-the-top media services in India (edit)

Revision as of 17:49, 13 October 2023

2,711 bytes added ,  13 October 2023
m
Repair CS1 error(s), replaced: website=https://www. → website=www., typo(s) fixed: In 19 March 2023 → On 19 March 2023, tv → TV
m (Removing protection template from an unprotected page)
m (Repair CS1 error(s), replaced: website=https://www. → website=www., typo(s) fixed: In 19 March 2023 → On 19 March 2023, tv → TV)
 
Line 3: Line 3:
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
There are currently about 46 providers of '''[[over-the-top media services]] (OTT) in India''', which distribute [[streaming media]] over the Internet. In fiscal year 2018, the OTT market in India was worth {{Currency|2150|INR}} [[crore]]. The streaming market in India is predicted to be worth $15&nbsp;billion by 2030, with $12.5&nbsp;billion coming from the video market and $2.5&nbsp;billion from audio. The OTT market in fiscal year 2020 was estimated to be worth $1.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/indias-streaming-market-to-be-worth-15-billion-by-2030/amp-11626350404092.html|title=Indian OTT Market Valuation|website=livemint|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128092957/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/indias-streaming-market-to-be-worth-15-billion-by-2030/amp-11626350404092.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Menon |first=Devadas |date=1 March 2022 |title=Purchase and continuation intentions of over -the -top (OTT) video streaming platform subscriptions: a uses and gratification theory perspective |journal=Telematics and Informatics Reports |language=en |volume=5 |pages=100006 |doi=10.1016/j.teler.2022.100006 |s2cid=247248868 |issn=2772-5030 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
There are currently about 46 providers of '''[[over-the-top media services]] (OTT) in India''', which distribute [[streaming media]] over the Internet.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} In fiscal year 2018, the OTT market in India was worth {{Currency|2150|INR}} [[crore]]. The streaming market in India is predicted to be worth $15&nbsp;billion by 2030, with $12.5&nbsp;billion coming from the video market and $2.5&nbsp;billion from audio. The OTT market in fiscal year 2020 was estimated to be worth $1.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/indias-streaming-market-to-be-worth-15-billion-by-2030/amp-11626350404092.html|title=Indian OTT Market Valuation|website=livemint|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128092957/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/indias-streaming-market-to-be-worth-15-billion-by-2030/amp-11626350404092.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Menon |first=Devadas |date=1 March 2022 |title=Purchase and continuation intentions of over -the -top (OTT) video streaming platform subscriptions: a uses and gratification theory perspective |journal=Telematics and Informatics Reports |language=en |volume=5 |pages=100006 |doi=10.1016/j.teler.2022.100006 |s2cid=247248868 |issn=2772-5030 |doi-access=free }}</ref>


==History and growth==
==History and growth==
Line 32: Line 32:
Neestream is a streaming media service owned by NeST Technologies Corp., which is part of the US-based JKH Holdings. It is the first OTT platform targeting the global Malayalee diaspora.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/neestream-bets-big-on-malayali-diaspora-200422|title=Neestream bets big on Malayali diaspora|language=en|date=22 April 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320014842/https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/neestream-bets-big-on-malayali-diaspora-200422|url-status=live}}</ref> In the aftermath of the COVID pandemic and the subsequent lockdown, OTT platforms had become the only avenue for film releases, redefining the movie watching experience for several viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/nov/08/ott-vs-theatres-mollywood-faces-battle-for-film-viewership-2380704.html|title=OTT vs theatres: Mollywood faces battle for film viewership=en|date=8 November 2021|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127114115/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/nov/08/ott-vs-theatres-mollywood-faces-battle-for-film-viewership-2380704.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Neestream is a streaming media service owned by NeST Technologies Corp., which is part of the US-based JKH Holdings. It is the first OTT platform targeting the global Malayalee diaspora.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/neestream-bets-big-on-malayali-diaspora-200422|title=Neestream bets big on Malayali diaspora|language=en|date=22 April 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320014842/https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/neestream-bets-big-on-malayali-diaspora-200422|url-status=live}}</ref> In the aftermath of the COVID pandemic and the subsequent lockdown, OTT platforms had become the only avenue for film releases, redefining the movie watching experience for several viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/nov/08/ott-vs-theatres-mollywood-faces-battle-for-film-viewership-2380704.html|title=OTT vs theatres: Mollywood faces battle for film viewership=en|date=8 November 2021|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127114115/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/nov/08/ott-vs-theatres-mollywood-faces-battle-for-film-viewership-2380704.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


Single-language OTT sites, like Aha Video in Telugu<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2022|title=Aha Tamil Upcoming Movies 2022 List – OTT STOP|url=https://ottstop.com/aha-tamil-upcoming-movies/|access-date=2022-02-11|language=en-US|archive-date=19 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319005836/https://ottstop.com/aha-tamil-upcoming-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 January 2022|title=Aha Tamil Bags Digital Rights of Pa. Ranjith's Writer, Film to Stream Soon|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aha-tamil-bags-digital-rights-of-pa-ranjiths-writer-film-to-stream-soon-4683752.html|access-date=2022-02-11|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205112906/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aha-tamil-bags-digital-rights-of-pa-ranjiths-writer-film-to-stream-soon-4683752.html|url-status=live}}</ref> is the first time that the platform is diversifying into another language, while CityShor.tv in Gujarati, Neestream in Malayalam, Hoichoi in Bengali and Planet Marathi in Marathi are streaming movies and shows for people in those languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/can-singlelanguage-ott-platforms-take-on-the-streaming-giants-in-india/66521/1|title=Can single-language OTT platforms take on the streaming giants in India?|language=en|date=17 February 2021|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915001729/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/can-singlelanguage-ott-platforms-take-on-the-streaming-giants-in-india/66521/1|url-status=live}}</ref>
Single-language OTT sites, like Aha Video in Telugu<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2022|title=Aha Tamil Upcoming Movies 2022 List – OTT STOP|url=https://ottstop.com/aha-tamil-upcoming-movies/|access-date=2022-02-11|language=en-US|archive-date=19 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319005836/https://ottstop.com/aha-tamil-upcoming-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 January 2022|title=Aha Tamil Bags Digital Rights of Pa. Ranjith's Writer, Film to Stream Soon|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aha-tamil-bags-digital-rights-of-pa-ranjiths-writer-film-to-stream-soon-4683752.html|access-date=2022-02-11|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205112906/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aha-tamil-bags-digital-rights-of-pa-ranjiths-writer-film-to-stream-soon-4683752.html|url-status=live}}</ref> is the first time that the platform is diversifying into another language, while CityShor.TV in Gujarati, Neestream in Malayalam, Hoichoi in Bengali and Planet Marathi in Marathi are streaming movies and shows for people in those languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/can-singlelanguage-ott-platforms-take-on-the-streaming-giants-in-india/66521/1|title=Can single-language OTT platforms take on the streaming giants in India?|language=en|date=17 February 2021|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915001729/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/can-singlelanguage-ott-platforms-take-on-the-streaming-giants-in-india/66521/1|url-status=live}}</ref>


[[Eros Now]], an OTT platform launched by [[Eros International plc|Eros International]], has the most content among the OTT providers in India, including over 12,000 films, 100,000 music tracks and albums, and 100 TV shows. Eros Now was named the Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019 at the British Asian Media Awards.{{When|date=September 2019}} It has 211.5&nbsp;million registered users and 36.2&nbsp;million paying subscribers as of September 2020.<ref name="businesswire.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/|title=Eros Now Reaches 36.2 million Paying Subscribers|date=18 November 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913012125/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Eros Now]], an OTT platform launched by [[Eros International plc|Eros International]], has the most content among the OTT providers in India, including over 12,000 films, 100,000 music tracks and albums, and 100 TV shows. Eros Now was named the Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019 at the British Asian Media Awards.{{When|date=September 2019}} It has 211.5&nbsp;million registered users and 36.2&nbsp;million paying subscribers as of September 2020.<ref name="businesswire.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/|title=Eros Now Reaches 36.2 million Paying Subscribers|date=18 November 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913012125/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Line 75: Line 75:
|}
|}


== Content and regulation ==
== Content regulation and legal action ==
In India, [[Sex in film|sex scenes]] have always been a [[Taboo|taboo subject]] among the people. Despite having an [[Adult|adult(18+) rating]], the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian censor board]] does not allow nudity.<ref>{{Citation |title=Central Board of Film Certification |date=2023-09-08 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&oldid=1174492728 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-09-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=mrandmrs55 |date=2015-01-04 |title=The History of Kissing in Bollywood: Timeline of a Taboo |url=https://mrandmrs55.com/2015/01/04/the-history-of-kissing-in-bollywood-timeline-of-a-taboo/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Mr. & Mrs. 55 – Classic Bollywood Revisited! |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-01 |title=Sex and Bollywood through the decades |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sex-and-relationships/sex-and-bollywood-through-the-decades/story-rNo4cs1CVUFjPOt9gorDKJ.html |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
In India, whether it is [[Sex in film|sex scenes]] or [[Kiss|kiss scenes]] in [[film]]s, both have always been a [[taboo]] and [[Controversy|controversial]] subject among the people. The [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] government also said, [[Obscenity|obscene]] and [[Perversion|perverted]] matterials had “no place in [[Culture of India|Indian culture.]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Central Board of Film Certification |date=2023-09-08 |url=https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&oldid=1174492728 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-09-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=mrandmrs55 |date=2015-01-04 |title=The History of Kissing in Bollywood: Timeline of a Taboo |url=https://mrandmrs55.com/2015/01/04/the-history-of-kissing-in-bollywood-timeline-of-a-taboo/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Mr. & Mrs. 55 – Classic Bollywood Revisited! |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-01 |title=Sex and Bollywood through the decades |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sex-and-relationships/sex-and-bollywood-through-the-decades/story-rNo4cs1CVUFjPOt9gorDKJ.html |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-05-17 |title=6 states in India ban sex ed to preserve culture |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18723555 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>


The content code of [[Television in India|Indian television]] is the most [[Strict liability|strict]] according to which [[Kiss|kissing scenes]] or [[Bikini|small outfits]] cannot be shown on TV.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Developer |first=Web |title=Why are kissing scenes still a taboo on Indian television? |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/why-are-kissing-scenes-still-a-taboo-on-indian-television--237552 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Mid-day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Sushmita |date=2018-06-09 |title=Why public display of affection is such a big NO NO in India |url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/opinion/why-public-display-affection-such-big-no-no-india-19863 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Bridge Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
===Regulation medium===
* All the content released in [[Movie theater|cinema halls]] is regulated by [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]].
* [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian Censor Board]] does not allow any kind of [[Perversion|nudity and obscenity]] in [[Cinema of India|Indian films]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifty Shades of Grey banned in India despite removal of nudity {{!}} Fifty Shades of Grey {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/film/2015/mar/05/fifty-shades-of-grey-banned-in-india-despite-removal-of-nudity |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-10 |title=CBFC reportedly bans film titled X Zone due to graphic love making scenes, nudity-Entertainment News , Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/cbfc-reportedly-bans-film-titled-x-zone-due-to-graphic-love-making-scenes-nudity-4027513.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
* All the content released on [[television]] is regulated by [[Indian Broadcasting Foundation|IBF]] under the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|I&B ministry]].
* [[Television in India|Indian television]] has the [[Strict liability|Strictest]] content code, even [[Kiss|kissing scenes]] and [[Bikini|small outfits]] are not allowed in [[Drama (film and television)|Indian drama]] or [[Serial (radio and television)|Indian serial]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Developer |first=Web |title=Why are kissing scenes still a taboo on Indian television? |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/why-are-kissing-scenes-still-a-taboo-on-indian-television--237552 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Mid-day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Sushmita |date=2018-06-09 |title=Why public display of affection is such a big NO NO in India |url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/opinion/why-public-display-affection-such-big-no-no-india-19863 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Bridge Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
*


===Regulation Medium===
===OTT regulation===
* In India, the content shown on television has to go through the regulation process of [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995,]] and the content shown in [[Movie theater|cinema halls]] has to go through the regulation process of [[Central Board of Film Certification]]. But there is no such [[Regulatory agency|regulatory body]] yet to regulate the content of [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2018-07-20 |title=Why Netflix's 'Sacred Games' Is Facing a Court Case in India |url=https://time.com/5339495/sacred-games-netflix-india-court/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref>
* On 25 Feb 2021, [[Government of India|Indian govt]] introduced [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|Self-Regulation rules]] for OTT platforms to stop [[Obscenity|Obscene content]] and [[Abuse|abusive]] language.  
* In Feb 2021, to prevent [[obscenity]] and [[abuse]], the [[Government of India]], Introduced [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|Digital media ethics code]] for OTT platforms, with self-regulation.  
* On 19 March 2023, I&B minister [[Anurag Thakur]] said that, [[Self-regulatory organization|self regulation]] does not mean that OTT should show [[Nudity|obscenity and nudity.]] The government is serious about increasing [[obscenity]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-03-19 |title=Government concerned about vulgarity on OTT platforms, says Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/government-concerned-about-vulgarity-on-ott-platforms-says-anurag-thakur-11679238269770.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=https://twitter.com/ianuragthakur/status/1637437856800030720?t=RBIi80-HGhmdH7m4H0Oelw&s=19 |url=https://twitter.com/ianuragthakur/status/1637437856800030720?t=RBIi80-HGhmdH7m4H0Oelw&s=19 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref>
* In March 2023, [[Anurag Thakur]] said, the [[Self-regulatory organization|self-regulation]] rule did not mean that OTT should show nudity and [[obscenity]]. The government is serious about the complaints of increasing [[Profanity|abusive]] and [[Obscenity|obscene content]] on OTT platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-03-19 |title=Government concerned about vulgarity on OTT platforms, says Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/government-concerned-about-vulgarity-on-ott-platforms-says-anurag-thakur-11679238269770.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=https://twitter.com/ianuragthakur/status/1637437856800030720?t=RBIi80-HGhmdH7m4H0Oelw&s=19 |url=https://twitter.com/ianuragthakur/status/1637437856800030720?t=RBIi80-HGhmdH7m4H0Oelw&s=19 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref>
* On 26 April 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|MIB India]] said that if [[Nudity in film|nudity and obscenity]] is seen on any OTT platform, [[Strict liability|strict]] action will be taken against it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deep |first=Aroon |date=2023-04-26 |title=Despite court stay, OTT platforms face pressure on content |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-targets-obscenity-on-streaming-platforms-despite-few-complaints/article66781070.ece |access-date=2023-09-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* On 26 April 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|MIB India]] said that if [[Nudity in film|nudity and obscenity]] is seen on any OTT platform, [[Strict liability|strict]] action will be taken against it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deep |first=Aroon |date=2023-04-26 |title=Despite court stay, OTT platforms face pressure on content |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-targets-obscenity-on-streaming-platforms-despite-few-complaints/article66781070.ece |access-date=2023-09-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* On 18 July 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|I&B minister]] said that, Demeaning [[Culture of India|Indian culture]] will not be allowed, OTT platforms must be sensitive to India's cultural diversity and must ensure that they do not propagate [[vulgarity]] and obscenity in the garb of ‘[[Creativity|creative expression]]’.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Won't allow OTT platforms to demean Indian culture, says Minister Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/wont-allow-ott-platforms-to-demean-indian-culture-says-minister-anurag-thakur-17256211.htm |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Will not allow OTT platforms to demean Indian culture, society in name of creative freedom: Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/will-not-allow-ott-platforms-to-demean-indian-culture-society-in-name-of-creative-freedom-anurag-thakur-1238366.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
* On 16 May 2023, Don't show obscene content, [[Parliament|parliamentary panel]] told to [[Netflix]] and [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon prime video]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-16 |title=No obscene content, please: Parliamentary panel tells Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney Hotstar, Zee5, other OTT platforms |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/no-obscene-content-please-parliamentary-panel-tells-netflix-amazon-prime-disney-hotstar-zee5-other-ott-platforms-381410-2023-05-16 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Business Today |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Don't show obscene content: Parliamentary panel tells OTT platforms - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/dont-show-obscene-content-parliamentary-panel-tells-ott-platforms/amp_articleshow/100259906.cms |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref>
* On 20 June 2023, [[Government|Govt]] has told [[Netflix, Inc.|Netflix]], [[Disney+ Hotstar|Disney]] and all other [[Streaming media|streaming services]] that their content should be [[Regulation|independently reviewed]] for [[obscenity]] and [[violence]] before being shown online.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalra |first=Aditya |last2=Vengattil |first2=Munsif |last3=Kalra |first3=Aditya |last4=Vengattil |first4=Munsif |date=2023-07-14 |title=Exclusive: Worried about obscenity, India asks streamers for content checks |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/worried-about-obscenity-india-asks-streamers-content-checks-2023-07-14/ |access-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>
* On 18 July 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|I&B minister]] said in a meeting with all [[Stakeholder (corporate)|OTT stakeholders]] that, Demeaning [[Culture of India|Indian culture]] will not be tolerated. OTT can't show [[vulgarity]] and [[Nudity in film|nudity]] in the garb of ‘[[Creativity|creative expression]]’.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Won't allow OTT platforms to demean Indian culture, says Minister Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/wont-allow-ott-platforms-to-demean-indian-culture-says-minister-anurag-thakur-17256211.htm |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Will not allow OTT platforms to demean Indian culture, society in name of creative freedom: Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/will-not-allow-ott-platforms-to-demean-indian-culture-society-in-name-of-creative-freedom-anurag-thakur-1238366.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
* On 22 August 2023, [[Government of India|Indian government]] assured that it will bring [[Regulation|rules and regulation]] to regulate [[Profanity|Vulgar]] and [[Pornography|obscene content]] on social media and OTT platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thathoo |first=Chetan |date=2023-08-22 |title=Govt To Frame Regulations To Curb Vulgar Language On OTT Platforms & Social Media |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/will-frame-rules-to-tame-vulgar-language-on-ott-platforms-social-media-govt-to-delhi-hc/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre To Bring Rules To Check Vulgar Content On Social Media, Streaming Platforms |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-to-bring-rules-to-check-vulgar-content-on-social-media-streaming-platforms-4319332 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* On 22 August 2023, [[Government of India|Indian government]] assured that it will bring [[Regulation|rules and regulation]] to regulate [[Profanity|Vulgar]] and [[Pornography|obscene content]] on social media and OTT platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thathoo |first=Chetan |date=2023-08-22 |title=Govt To Frame Regulations To Curb Vulgar Language On OTT Platforms & Social Media |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/will-frame-rules-to-tame-vulgar-language-on-ott-platforms-social-media-govt-to-delhi-hc/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre To Bring Rules To Check Vulgar Content On Social Media, Streaming Platforms |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-to-bring-rules-to-check-vulgar-content-on-social-media-streaming-platforms-4319332 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>


===Content Controversy===
===Content Controversy===
Due to the absence of any rules and regulation regarding OTT content, many OTT providers were accused of showing [[Nudity in film|nudity]], [[vulgarity]] and [[obscenity]] and hurting [[Anti-Hindu sentiment|Hindu religious sentiments]] in their shows.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |title=Attack on 'Ashram' set: Organization of Sadhus blames Bollywood for 'defaming' culture, hurting sentiments |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/news/attack-on-ashram-set-organization-of-sadhus-blames-bollywood-for-defaming-culture-hurting-sentiments-742516 |website=India Tv |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209124635/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/news/attack-on-ashram-set-organization-of-sadhus-blames-bollywood-for-defaming-culture-hurting-sentiments-742516 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=ALTBalaji and other OTT platforms, websites booked for obscene content |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/altbalaji-and-other-ott-platforms-websites-booked-for-obscene-content |website=The Free Press Journal |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129120456/https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/altbalaji-and-other-ott-platforms-websites-booked-for-obscene-content |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-07 |title=Actor Gehana Vasisth latest to be arrested for role in porn movie racket |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/actor-gehana-vasisth-arrested-for-allegedly-shooting-and-uploading-porn-videos-7178058/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118193437/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/actor-gehana-vasisth-arrested-for-allegedly-shooting-and-uploading-porn-videos-7178058/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ArticleTwo">{{cite web |title=Think beyond sex and abuse': Netflix, Amazon Prime, other OTT platforms stare at new challenge |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/amp/latest/trends/story/govt-regulation-on-netflix-amazon-prime-to-hamper-freedom-of-storytelling-278382-2020-11-11 |website=businesstoday.in |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030181644/https://www.businesstoday.in/amp/latest/trends/story/govt-regulation-on-netflix-amazon-prime-to-hamper-freedom-of-storytelling-278382-2020-11-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> Series which were the focus of controversy include [[Four More Shots Please!]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The women of Four More Shots Please 3 react to criticism that the show is 'all about sex' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/four-more-shots-please-3-actors-react-to-criticism-that-the-show-is-all-about-sex-8218407/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106064758/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/four-more-shots-please-3-actors-react-to-criticism-that-the-show-is-all-about-sex-8218407/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tandav (web series)|Tandav]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Tandav' controversy: Two scenes changed after makers apologise |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tandav-controversy-two-scenes-changed-after-makers-apologise-141934%3famp |website=The News Minute}}</ref> [[Paatal Lok]],<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Paatal Lok Web Series Controversies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paatal-lok-controversies-everything-that-has-happened-6428414/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173920/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paatal-lok-controversies-everything-that-has-happened-6428414/lite/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Indianexpress}}</ref> [[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]],<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Secred Games series that Sparked Controversies |url=https://timesofindia.com/web-series/news/hindi/family-man-2-tandav-sacred-games-web-series-that-sparked-controversies/amp_etphotostory/83532145.cms |website=Timesofindia}}</ref> and [[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=HC quashes FIR against 'Mirzapur' web series producers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/court-quashes-fir-against-mirzapur-web-series-producers-7667095/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172348/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/court-quashes-fir-against-mirzapur-web-series-producers-7667095/lite/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Indianexpress}}</ref>
Due to the absence of any rules and regulation regarding OTT content, many OTT providers were accused of showing [[Nudity in film|nudity]], [[vulgarity]] and [[obscenity]] and hurting [[Anti-Hindu sentiment|Hindu religious sentiments]] in their shows.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |title=Attack on 'Ashram' set: Organization of Sadhus blames Bollywood for 'defaming' culture, hurting sentiments |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/news/attack-on-ashram-set-organization-of-sadhus-blames-bollywood-for-defaming-culture-hurting-sentiments-742516 |website=India Tv |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209124635/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/news/attack-on-ashram-set-organization-of-sadhus-blames-bollywood-for-defaming-culture-hurting-sentiments-742516 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=ALTBalaji and other OTT platforms, websites booked for obscene content |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/altbalaji-and-other-ott-platforms-websites-booked-for-obscene-content |website=The Free Press Journal |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129120456/https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/altbalaji-and-other-ott-platforms-websites-booked-for-obscene-content |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-07 |title=Actor Gehana Vasisth latest to be arrested for role in porn movie racket |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/actor-gehana-vasisth-arrested-for-allegedly-shooting-and-uploading-porn-videos-7178058/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118193437/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/actor-gehana-vasisth-arrested-for-allegedly-shooting-and-uploading-porn-videos-7178058/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ArticleTwo">{{cite web |title=Think beyond sex and abuse': Netflix, Amazon Prime, other OTT platforms stare at new challenge |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/amp/latest/trends/story/govt-regulation-on-netflix-amazon-prime-to-hamper-freedom-of-storytelling-278382-2020-11-11 |website=businesstoday.in |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030181644/https://www.businesstoday.in/amp/latest/trends/story/govt-regulation-on-netflix-amazon-prime-to-hamper-freedom-of-storytelling-278382-2020-11-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> Series which were the focus of controversy include [[Four More Shots Please!]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The women of Four More Shots Please 3 react to criticism that the show is 'all about sex' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/four-more-shots-please-3-actors-react-to-criticism-that-the-show-is-all-about-sex-8218407/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106064758/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/four-more-shots-please-3-actors-react-to-criticism-that-the-show-is-all-about-sex-8218407/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tandav (web series)|Tandav]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Tandav' controversy: Two scenes changed after makers apologise |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tandav-controversy-two-scenes-changed-after-makers-apologise-141934%3famp |website=The News Minute}}</ref> [[Paatal Lok]],<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Paatal Lok Web Series Controversies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paatal-lok-controversies-everything-that-has-happened-6428414/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173920/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paatal-lok-controversies-everything-that-has-happened-6428414/lite/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Indianexpress}}</ref> [[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]],<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Secred Games series that Sparked Controversies |url=https://timesofindia.com/web-series/news/hindi/family-man-2-tandav-sacred-games-web-series-that-sparked-controversies/amp_etphotostory/83532145.cms |website=Timesofindia}}</ref> [[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=HC quashes FIR against 'Mirzapur' web series producers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/court-quashes-fir-against-mirzapur-web-series-producers-7667095/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172348/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/court-quashes-fir-against-mirzapur-web-series-producers-7667095/lite/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Indianexpress}}</ref> [[Lust Stories 2|Lust stories franchise]], and [[Rana Naidu|Rana naidu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-29 |title=Nani on fans’ objection to Venkatesh’s cuss words in Rana Naidu: ‘I am so glad he did something very shocking’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nani-on-fans-objection-to-venkateshs-cuss-words-in-rana-naidu-8522480/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>


===Legal action on Obscenity===
===Legal action on Obscenity===
* [[Pornography in India]] is restricted and [[Wrongdoing|illegal]] in all form including [[Mass media|print media]], [[electronic media]], and [[digital media]] (OTT).
* [[Pornography in India]] is restricted and [[Wrongdoing|illegal]] in all form including [[Mass media|print media]], [[electronic media]], and [[digital media]] (OTT).
* Several websites and OTT Platforms has been closed down by the [[Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre|Cyber Crime Branch]] for streaming [[Pornographic film|Pornographic and obscene content]] on their platform.<ref name="Adult">{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: Owners of two apps arrested, police hint at Singapore link to portal streaming adult movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/lite/ |website=Indian Express |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172355/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cyber Crime Team Cracks Down On Apps Showing Porn |url=https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/indian-porn-ott-app-boom-pandemic-lockdown-hotshots-hothit-fliz-movies |website=The Quint |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183755/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/indian-porn-ott-app-boom-pandemic-lockdown-hotshots-hothit-fliz-movies |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Several [[website]]s and [[Over-the-top media service|OTT Platforms]] has been [[Ban (law)|banned]] by the [[Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre|Cyber Crime Branch]] for streaming [[Pornographic film|Pornographic and obscene content]] on their platform.<ref name="Adult">{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: Owners of two apps arrested, police hint at Singapore link to portal streaming adult movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/lite/ |website=Indian Express |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172355/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cyber Crime Team Cracks Down On Apps Showing Porn |url=https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/indian-porn-ott-app-boom-pandemic-lockdown-hotshots-hothit-fliz-movies |website=The Quint |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183755/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/indian-porn-ott-app-boom-pandemic-lockdown-hotshots-hothit-fliz-movies |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The owners of several OTT platforms on which [[Pornographic Film|Obscene content]] was streamed were arrested and all their [[bank account]]s were also frozen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-27 |title=Mumbai: Owners of two apps arrested, police hint at Singapore link to portal streaming adult movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sehgal |first=Diganth Raj |date=2021-08-04 |title=All you need to know about the Raj Kundra pornography case |url=https://blog.ipleaders.in/need-know-raj-kundra-pornography-case/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=iPleaders |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Porn racket case: Actress Gehana Vasisth claims Mumbai Police demanded Rs 15 lakh to avoid her arrest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/porn-racket-case-actress-gehana-vashishth-mumbai-police-15-lakh-avoid-arrest-1835115-2021-07-31 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* The owners of several OTT platforms on which [[Pornographic Film|Obscene content]] was streamed were [[arrest]]ed and all their [[bank account]]s were also frozen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-27 |title=Mumbai: Owners of two apps arrested, police hint at Singapore link to portal streaming adult movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sehgal |first=Diganth Raj |date=2021-08-04 |title=All you need to know about the Raj Kundra pornography case |url=https://blog.ipleaders.in/need-know-raj-kundra-pornography-case/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=iPleaders |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Porn racket case: Actress Gehana Vasisth claims Mumbai Police demanded Rs 15 lakh to avoid her arrest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/porn-racket-case-actress-gehana-vashishth-mumbai-police-15-lakh-avoid-arrest-1835115-2021-07-31 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* On 27 June 2023, [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|DPCGC]] took [[Punishment|punitive action]] against [[Ullu]] for streaming Obscene content and asked them to remove all their [[Vulgarity|explicit shows]] or remove all [[Sex in film|adult scenes]] within 15 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=DPCGC Takes Action Against OTT Content! More To Follow? |url=https://www.binged.com/news/dpcgc-takes-action-against-ott-content-more-to-follow/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=Regulatory body tells OTT platform ULLU to take down 'obscene' content: The TL;DR |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/regulatory-body-ott-platform-ullu-take-down-obscene-content-8687977/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* On 27 June 2023, [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|DPCGC]] took [[Punishment|punitive action]] against [[Ullu]] for streaming Obscene content and asked them to remove all their [[Vulgarity|explicit shows]] or remove all [[Sex in film|adult scenes]] within 15 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=DPCGC Takes Action Against OTT Content! More To Follow? |url=https://www.binged.com/news/dpcgc-takes-action-against-ott-content-more-to-follow/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=Regulatory body tells OTT platform ULLU to take down 'obscene' content: The TL;DR |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/regulatory-body-ott-platform-ullu-take-down-obscene-content-8687977/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>


===Judicial opinion===
===Judicial opinion===
* In March 2021, [[Supreme Court of India]] said that,OTT regulations a [[Necessity (criminal law)|necessity]] as some even showing simply. And Effective control of content on OTT platforms cannot be done without legislation, and regulation of these platforms by statutory body is necessary in interest of [[public]] [[morality]] and [[Respect|decency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=OTT regulations a necessity as some even show porn, says SC |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ott-regulations-a-necessity-as-some-even-show-porn-says-sc-101614892661756.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojha |first=Srishti |date=2021-03-23 |title="Online Web Platforms Need To Be Regulated By Statutory Body In The Interest Of Public Morality And Decency " : NGO Submits Before Supreme Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/ott-platforms-supreme-court-netflix-amazon-prime-regulated-by-statutory-body-171562 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Supreme Court of India]] said that, OTT regulations is a [[Necessity (criminal law)|necessity]] as some even showing [[nudity]] and [[pornography]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=OTT regulations a necessity as some even show porn, says SC |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ott-regulations-a-necessity-as-some-even-show-porn-says-sc-101614892661756.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojha |first=Srishti |date=2021-03-23 |title="Online Web Platforms Need To Be Regulated By Statutory Body In The Interest Of Public Morality And Decency " : NGO Submits Before Supreme Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/ott-platforms-supreme-court-netflix-amazon-prime-regulated-by-statutory-body-171562 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref>
* In March 2023, the [[Delhi High Court]] had said framing rules and regulations to regulate the content on social media and OTT platforms need [[Attention|urgent attention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thapliyal |first=Nupur |date=2023-04-17 |title=Delhi High Court Seeks Union Govt's Response On Steps To Regulate Content On OTT Platforms, Social Media |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/delhi-high-court/delhi-high-court-union-govt-content-ott-platforms-social-media-226465 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref>
* In March 2023, the [[Delhi High Court]] had said framing rules and regulations to regulate the content on social media and OTT platforms needs [[Attention|urgent attention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thapliyal |first=Nupur |date=2023-04-17 |title=Delhi High Court Seeks Union Govt's Response On Steps To Regulate Content On OTT Platforms, Social Media |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/delhi-high-court/delhi-high-court-union-govt-content-ott-platforms-social-media-226465 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref>


===Criticism===
===Criticism===
IAMAI again pledges self-regulation for OTT platforms. Content creators and producers in India, as mentioned in the report, already face many challenges, including the multiplicity of legislation and forums for filing complaints. The study paper by The Dialogue Internet and IAMAI found that these challenges lead to compliance uncertainties, self-censorship, and unwarranted economic burden.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-08-27 |title=OTTs pledge self-regulation amid scrutiny |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/otts-pledge-self-regulation-amid-scrutiny-11693149231460.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=https://www.livemint.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kondalamahanty |first=Aditya |date=2019-01-23 |title=OTT Companies, Internet Lobbies Oppose Regulation Demand By Telcos |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/ott-companies-internet-lobbies-oppose-regulation-demand-by-telcos/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OTT platforms against new proposal for additional layer in self regulation |url=https://www.storyboard18.com/quantum-brief/ott-platforms-against-new-proposal-for-additional-self-regulatory-body-10550.htm |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.storyboard18.com |language=en}}</ref>
IAMAI again pledges self-regulation for OTT platforms. Content creators and producers in India, as mentioned in the report, already face many challenges, including the multiplicity of legislation and forums for filing complaints. The study paper by The Dialogue Internet and IAMAI found that these challenges lead to compliance uncertainties, self-censorship, and unwarranted economic burden.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-08-27 |title=OTTs pledge self-regulation amid scrutiny |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/otts-pledge-self-regulation-amid-scrutiny-11693149231460.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.livemint.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kondalamahanty |first=Aditya |date=2019-01-23 |title=OTT Companies, Internet Lobbies Oppose Regulation Demand By Telcos |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/ott-companies-internet-lobbies-oppose-regulation-demand-by-telcos/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OTT platforms against new proposal for additional layer in self regulation |url=https://www.storyboard18.com/quantum-brief/ott-platforms-against-new-proposal-for-additional-self-regulatory-body-10550.htm |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.storyboard18.com |language=en}}</ref>


==List of OTT platforms in India==
==List of OTT platforms in India==
Line 324: Line 330:
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| Yes{{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|[https://www.apple.com/au/apple-music/ 60]
|[https://www.apple.com/au/apple-music/ 60]
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/435048"