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{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = North Bihar | | name = North Bihar | ||
| settlement_type = Geographic Region | | settlement_type = Geographic Region | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|26.07|N|85.45|E|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|26.07|N|85.45|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]] | ||
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| unemployment_rate = | | unemployment_rate = | ||
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] | | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] | ||
| blank1_info_sec1 = 21 | | blank1_info_sec1 = 21 | ||
| website = {{URL| | | website = {{URL|https://state.bihar.gov.in/main/CitizenHome.html|Official Website}} | ||
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] | | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] | ||
| blank2_info_sec1 = 127+2 | | blank2_info_sec1 = 127+2 | ||
| blank3_name_sec1 = Districts | | blank3_name_sec1 = Districts | ||
| blank3_info_sec1 = 21 | | blank3_info_sec1 = 21 | ||
| blank4_name_sec1 = Main Languages | | blank4_name_sec1 = Main Languages | ||
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Hindi]] | | blank4_info_sec1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], and [[Hindi]] | ||
| blank5_name_sec1 = Emerging towns | | blank5_name_sec1 = Emerging towns | ||
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Supaul]], [[Araria]], [[Madhepura]], [[Samastipur]], [[Madhubani, Bihar|Madhubani]], [[Bettiah]], [[Gopalganj, Bihar|Gopalganj]], [[ | | blank5_info_sec1 = [[Samastipur]], [[Supaul]], [[Araria]], [[Madhepura]], [[Samastipur]], [[Madhubani, Bihar|Madhubani]], [[Bettiah]], [[Gopalganj, Bihar|Gopalganj]], [[Saharsa]], [[Sitamarhi]] | ||
| blank6_name_sec1 = Emerged towns | | blank6_name_sec1 = Emerged towns | ||
| blank6_info_sec1 = [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Darbhanga]], [[Purnea]], [[Begusarai]] | | blank6_info_sec1 = [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Darbhanga]], [[Motihari]], [[Purnea]], [[Begusarai]],[[Katihar]] | ||
| blank7_name_sec1 = Industrial and Financial capital | | blank7_name_sec1 = Industrial and Financial capital | ||
| blank7_info_sec1 = [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]] | | blank7_info_sec1 = [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]] | ||
| image_skyline = North Bihar.gif | | image_skyline = North Bihar.gif | ||
| imagesize = | | imagesize = | ||
| image_seal = Bihar Government Banner.png | | image_seal = Bihar Government Banner.png | ||
| seal_size = | | seal_size = | ||
| seal_alt = Emblem of Bihar | | seal_alt = Emblem of Bihar | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''North Bihar''' is the northern region of the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. It lies between the [[Ganga River]] in the south and the [[India–Nepal border]] in the north. The region forms part of the fertile [[Gangetic Plain]] and is mainly flat in terrain. | |||
== | == Geography == | ||
North Bihar lies in the northern part of the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. It is bounded by the [[Ganges|Ganga River]] to the south and the [[India–Nepal border]] to the north. The region forms a part of the [[Gangetic Plain|Middle Gangetic Plain]] and is one of the most fertile areas of eastern India due to continuous deposition of alluvium by Himalayan rivers. | |||
== | === Physiography === | ||
The terrain of North Bihar is almost entirely flat and low-lying, with a gentle slope from north to south. The average elevation ranges between 40 and 100 metres above sea level. The land is composed mainly of recent alluvial deposits, making it suitable for intensive agriculture.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geographical Profile of Bihar |url=https://bsdma.org/Geographical_Profile.html |website=Bihar State Disaster Management Authority |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> | |||
== | === Rivers === | ||
North Bihar is drained by several perennial rivers originating in the Himalayas. Major rivers include the [[Kosi River|Kosi]], [[Gandak River|Gandak]], [[Bagmati River|Bagmati]], [[Burhi Gandak River|Burhi Gandak]], [[Kamla River|Kamla]], [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] and the Adhwara river system. Most of these rivers flow southwards and ultimately join the Ganga.<ref>{{cite web |title=River System of Bihar |url=https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/rivers-bihar |website=India Water Portal |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> | |||
== | The Kosi River is known for frequent changes in its course and is often referred to as the ''Sorrow of Bihar'' due to recurrent floods and heavy sediment deposition.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Geomorphology and Flood Hazard of the Kosi River |journal=Current Science |volume=90 |issue=3 |year=2006 |pages=346–350}}</ref> | ||
=== | === Floodplains === | ||
Large parts of North Bihar fall within active floodplains. Seasonal flooding during the monsoon is common, especially in districts such as [[Saharsa district|Saharsa]], [[Supaul district|Supaul]], [[Madhepura district|Madhepura]], [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]], [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]] and [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]]. While floods enrich the soil, they also cause regular damage to crops, settlements and infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Floods in Bihar |url=https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/pubs/Bihar_Floods.pdf |website=National Institute of Disaster Management |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> | |||
The | === Soil === | ||
The soil of North Bihar is predominantly alluvial. Sandy loam soils are found near riverbanks, while clayey soils occur in low-lying areas. These fertile soils support crops such as rice, wheat, maize, pulses and sugarcane.<ref>{{cite web |title=Soils of Bihar |url=https://www.nbsslup.in/bihar |website=ICAR–NBSS&LUP |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> | |||
North Bihar | === Climate === | ||
North Bihar experiences a humid subtropical climate with hot summers, a monsoon season from June to September, and cool winters. The average annual rainfall ranges between 1,100 and 1,400 mm, most of which is received during the southwest monsoon.<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate of Bihar |url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/patna/ |website=India Meteorological Department |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> | |||
=== Seismicity === | |||
The region falls under Seismic Zones IV and V, indicating high seismic risk due to its proximity to the Himalayan tectonic region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seismic Zoning Map of India |url=https://ndma.gov.in/Natural-Hazards/Earthquakes |website=National Disaster Management Authority |access-date=1 January 2024}}</REF> | |||
== Divisions and Districts of North Bihar == | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa; width:100%;" | |||
|+ '''North Bihar – Divisions, Districts, Area & Population (2011 Census)''' | |||
|- | |||
! Division | |||
! Division HQ | |||
! District | |||
! District HQ | |||
! District Area (km<sup>2</sup>) | |||
! District Population | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="6" | [[Tirhut Division|Tirhut]] | |||
| rowspan="6" | [[Muzaffarpur]] | |||
| [[West Champaran district|West Champaran]] || [[Bettiah]] || 5,228 || 3,935,042 | |||
|- | |||
| [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]] || [[Motihari]] || 3,969 || 5,082,868 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]] || [[Muzaffarpur]] || 3,174 || 4,801,062 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]] || [[Sitamarhi]] || 2,294 || 3,419,622 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Sheohar district|Sheohar]] || [[Sheohar]] || 443 || 656,246 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Hajipur]] || 2,036 || 3,495,249 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Saran Division|Saran]] | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Chhapra]] | |||
| [[Saran district|Saran]] || [[Chhapra]] || 2,641 || 3,951,862 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]] || 2,219 || 3,330,464 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj]] || [[Gopalganj, Bihar|Gopalganj]] || 2,033 || 2,562,012 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Darbhanga division|Darbhanga]] | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Darbhanga]] | |||
| [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]] || [[Darbhanga]] || 2,279 || 3,937,385 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Madhubani district|Madhubani]] || [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]] || 3,501 || 4,487,379 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]] || [[Samastipur]] || 2,904 || 4,261,566 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Kosi Division|Kosi]] | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Saharsa]] | |||
| [[Saharsa district|Saharsa]] || [[Saharsa]] || 1,686 || 1,900,661 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Madhepura district|Madhepura]] || [[Madhepura]] || 2,407 || 2,001,762 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Supaul district|Supaul]] || [[Supaul]] || 2,410 || 2,229,076 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="4" | [[Purnia Division|Purnea]] | |||
| rowspan="4" | [[Purnia|Purnea]] | |||
| [[Purnia district|Purnia]] || [[Purnia]] || 3,229 || 3,264,619 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Katihar district|Katihar]] || [[Katihar]] || 3,057 || 3,071,029 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Araria district|Araria]] || [[Araria]] || 2,830 || 2,811,569 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Kishanganj district|Kishanganj]] || [[Kishanganj]] || 1,884 || 1,690,400 | |||
|} | |||
==Languages== | |||
*[[Bajjika]], is predominantly Spoken in [[Muzaffarpur district]], [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]], [[Sitamarhi]], [[Samastipur]] & its Nearby Districts | |||
*[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] is predominantly spoken in [[West Champaran district|West Champaran]], [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]] districts and [[Saran division]]. | |||
*[[Maithili language|Maithili]] is spoken in [[Darbhanga division]], [[Kosi division]] and in some parts of [[Purnia division]]. | |||
*[[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]] is spoken in [[Kishanganj district|Kishanganj]] and in some eastern parts of [[Purnia district]] and [[Katihar District|Katihar]]. | |||
==Economy & Industries in North Bihar== | |||
North Bihar, spanning the fertile plains north of the Ganga river, remains a region deeply rooted in agriculture, while also showing signs of growing industrial diversification. | |||
===Economy & Industry=== | |||
Muzaffarpur is the most industrialized district of North Bihar and is often referred to as the economic and financial capital of the region. Muzaffarpur and Vaishali are among the fastest-growing and most developed districts of Bihar after Patna. | |||
'''Reowned Indsutrial Units''' | |||
*[[Diesel Locomotive Factory, Marhowrah|Diesel Locomotive Factory- Saran]] | |||
*Muzaffarpur Bag Cluster | |||
*[[Kanti Thermal Power Station|Kanti Thermal Power Station - Muzaffarpur]] | |||
*Mega Food Park Muzaffarpur | |||
*Oswal Logistics - Hajipur | |||
*AFP Manufacturing Co. Pvt. Ltd - hajipur | |||
==Rivers and floods== | ==Rivers and floods== | ||
There are several rivers flowing through this region from north to south and merge in the [[Ganges]] river.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/bihar-floods-2017/|title=Bihar's scary new flood}}</ref> These rivers, along with floods, bring fertile soil to the region on a yearly basis. However, sometimes government sponsored floods{{ | There are several rivers flowing through this region from north to south and merge in the [[Ganges]] river.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/bihar-floods-2017/|title=Bihar's scary new flood|access-date=22 May 2018|archive-date=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419152715/https://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/bihar-floods-2017/|url-status=dead}}</ref> These rivers, along with floods, bring fertile soil to the region on a yearly basis. However, sometimes government sponsored floods<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Sudhir |date=22 July 2022 |title=Flood: राहत बंटवारे में घोटाला उजागर, 25 के नाम पर एक ने किया दस्तखत; सीओ को शोकॉज |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-flood-relief-scam-in-muzaffarpur-bihar-adm-dclr-investigation-report-sho-cause-to-co-6826802.html |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=Hindustan}}</ref> causes loss of thousands of lives. Major rivers of North Bihar are [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]], [[Gandaki River|Gandak]], [[Koshi River|Kosi]], [[Bagmati River|Bagmati]], [[Kamala River|Kamala]], [[Balan River|Balan]], [[Burhi Gandak River|Budhi Gandak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bihar.ws/info/Geography-of-Bihar/Rivers-of-Bihar.html|title=Rivers of Bihar | Bihar Articles|publisher=Bihar.ws|access-date=4 May 2012|archive-date=23 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723055131/http://www.bihar.ws/info/Geography-of-Bihar/Rivers-of-Bihar.html|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
===Natural floods=== | ===Natural floods=== | ||
Since the beginning of human civilization, rivers have been an important part of human life. North Bihar has 7 major rivers and several tributaries to them. North Bihar districts are vulnerable to at least five major flood-causing rivers during the [[monsoon]] – [[Mahananda River]], [[Koshi River]], [[Bagmati River]] , [[Burhi Gandak River]] and [[Gandaki River|Gandak]] – which originate in Nepal.<ref>{{cite | Since the beginning of human civilization, rivers have been an important part of human life. North Bihar has 7 major rivers and several tributaries to them. North Bihar districts are vulnerable to at least five major flood-causing rivers during the [[monsoon]] – [[Mahananda River]], [[Koshi River]], [[Bagmati River]], [[Burhi Gandak River]] and [[Gandaki River|Gandak]] – which originate in Nepal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihar-gears-up-to-fight-annual-floods/articleshow/76268881.cms#:~:text=The%20area%20is%20vulnerable%20to, Sone%2C%20Punpun%20and%20Falgu%20rivers.|title=Bihar gears up to fight annual floods|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 June 2020 }}</ref> All these rivers receive water from the [[Himalaya]]s, so these rivers always have an adequate water supply. Every year, these rivers bring valuable floods for the people of North Bihar. Flood waters used to enter the agricultural land, leave their quite fertile silt and recede to the river. This pattern of humane flood was beneficial for North Bihar, making the land perfectly fertile. However, there are no more natural floods as of today. | ||
===Man-made floods=== | ===Man-made floods=== | ||
Soon after independence, the [[ | Soon after independence, the Congress [[Government of Bihar]] made several attempts to domesticate these rivers. High barriers or Bandhs were made on their both banks. This resulted in inhumane and destructive floods. Bandhs caused deposition of silts in the bottom of rivers, because of which, depth of rivers decreased, and so their water holding capacity also decreased. This is the reason these rivers bring more frequent floods now. With flood water, sand comes in force and gets deposited on the land. This way the land of the region in turning barren. Floods, once a boon for North Bihar, has now become a curse. | ||
===Kosi flood 2008,=== | ===Kosi flood 2008,=== | ||
{{Infobox flood | {{Infobox flood | ||
| image location = Flooded Bihar.JPG | | image location = Flooded Bihar.JPG | ||
| image name = Flooded North Bihar | | image name = Flooded North Bihar | ||
| name = 2008 Kosi flood | | name = 2008 Kosi flood | ||
| duration = 18 August 2008 | | duration = 18 August 2008 | ||
| total damages = | | total damages = | ||
| total fatalities = 434<ref>A report by the Department of disaster management, Government of Bihar</ref> (Dead bodies were found until 27 November 2008) | | total fatalities = 434<ref>A report by the Department of disaster management, Government of Bihar</ref> (Dead bodies were found until 27 November 2008) | ||
| areas affected = North Bihar | | areas affected = North Bihar | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''2008 Kosi flood''' was one of the most disastrous floods in the history of North Bihar, an impoverished and densely populated region in [[India]]. A breach in the [[Kosi embankment]] near the Indo-Nepal border (at [[Kusha (Buddhism)|Kusha]] in [[Nepal]]) occurred on 18 August 2008. The river changed course and inundated areas which were not flooded in decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/dalit-watchs-report-bihar-flood-relief-camps-wake-devastating-floods-india-nepal-border|title=A Dalit watch report on the flood camps in Bihar|publisher=India Water Portal|date=22 June 2011|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103510/http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/dalit-watchs-report-bihar-flood-relief-camps-wake-devastating-floods-india-nepal-border|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The flood affected over 2.3 million people in North Bihar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/half-of-bihar-under-water-30-lakh-suffer/72587-3.html|title=Half of Bihar under water, 30 lakh suffer|date=1 September 2008|agency=CNN IBN|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080903134616/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/half-of-bihar-under-water-30-lakh-suffer/72587-3.html|archive-date=3 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | The '''2008 Kosi flood''' was one of the most disastrous floods in the history of North Bihar, an impoverished and densely populated region in [[India]]. A breach in the [[Kosi embankment]] near the Indo-Nepal border (at [[Kusha (Buddhism)|Kusha]] in [[Nepal]]) occurred on 18 August 2008. The river changed course and inundated areas which were not flooded in decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/dalit-watchs-report-bihar-flood-relief-camps-wake-devastating-floods-india-nepal-border|title=A Dalit watch report on the flood camps in Bihar|publisher=India Water Portal|date=22 June 2011|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103510/http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/dalit-watchs-report-bihar-flood-relief-camps-wake-devastating-floods-india-nepal-border|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The flood affected over 2.3 million people in North Bihar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/half-of-bihar-under-water-30-lakh-suffer/72587-3.html|title=Half of Bihar under water, 30 lakh suffer|date=1 September 2008|agency=CNN IBN|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080903134616/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/half-of-bihar-under-water-30-lakh-suffer/72587-3.html|archive-date=3 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
The flood killed 250 people and forced nearly 3 million people from their homes in North Bihar.<ref name=abc>{{cite news|author=Michael Coggan in New Delhi|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-29/death-toll-rises-from-indian-floods/493582|title=Death toll rises from Indian floods - Just In (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)|publisher=ABC|date=29 August 2008|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105081642/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-29/death-toll-rises-from-indian-floods/493582|archive-date=5 November 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> More than 300,000 houses were destroyed and at least 340,000 | The flood killed 250 people and forced nearly 3 million people from their homes in North Bihar.<ref name=abc>{{cite news|author=Michael Coggan in New Delhi|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-29/death-toll-rises-from-indian-floods/493582|title=Death toll rises from Indian floods - Just In (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)|publisher=ABC|date=29 August 2008|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105081642/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-29/death-toll-rises-from-indian-floods/493582|archive-date=5 November 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> More than 300,000 houses were destroyed and at least {{convert|340,000|ha|acre|abbr=off}} of crops were damaged.<ref name=abc/> Villagers in North Bihar ate raw rice and flour mixed with polluted water. Hunger and disease were widespread. The [[Supaul district]] was the worst-hit; surging waters swamped {{convert|1,000|km2|acre|abbr=off|sp=us}} of farmlands, destroying crops.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sunil Kataria|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-35231420080829?sp=true|title=Bihar villagers desperate as floods spread|work=[[Reuters]]|date=29 August 2008|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103657/https://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-35231420080829?sp=true|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image:The Kosi, August 8, 2008.jpg|The Kosi before it flooded in August 2008 | Image:The Kosi, August 8, 2008.jpg|The Kosi before it flooded in August 2008 | ||
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===2017 North Bihar Floods=== | ===2017 North Bihar Floods=== | ||
{{Infobox flood | {{Infobox flood | ||
|duration = August 2017 | | duration = August 2017 | ||
|image= | | image = | ||
|name=2017 North Bihar Flood | | name = 2017 North Bihar Flood | ||
|total affected = 17.18 Million | | total affected = 17.18 Million | ||
|total fatalities = 514 | | total fatalities = 514 | ||
|areas affected = North Bihar, [[India]] | | areas affected = North Bihar, [[India]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Main|2017 Bihar Flood}} | {{Main|2017 Bihar Flood}} | ||
The 2017 North Bihar Floods affected 19 districts of North Bihar causing death of 514 people.<ref>{{cite news|author=Abhay Singh|work=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/floods-in-state-not-man-made-says-minister/articleshow/60265509.cms|title=Floods in state not man-made, says minister|agency=TNN|date=29 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/floods-in-state-not-man-made-says-minister/articleshow/60265509.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/flood-situation-improves-in-bihar-number-of-dead-at-514-1743155|title=Flood Situation Improves In Bihar, Number Of Dead At 514|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=28 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103712/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/flood-situation-improves-in-bihar-number-of-dead-at-514-1743155|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/flood-situation-worsens-in-bihar-death-toll-rises-to-253/articleshow/60147634.cms|title=Flood situation worsens in Bihar, death toll rises to 253|work=Times of India|agency=PTI|date=20 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231210806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/flood-situation-worsens-in-bihar-death-toll-rises-to-253/articleshow/60147634.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihar-floods-119-dead-rains-likely-to-continue-for-a-week/articleshow/60113191.cms|title=Bihar floods: 119 dead; bridge collapse caught on camera|work=Times of India|date=18 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027104517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihar-floods-119-dead-rains-likely-to-continue-for-a-week/articleshow/60113191.cms|archive-date=27 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-rises-to-202-in-18-districts-thundershowers-likely-to-continue-today-3951357.html|title=Bihar floods: Death toll rises to 202 in 18 districts; thundershowers likely to continue today|date=20 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825163802/http://www.firstpost.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-rises-to-202-in-18-districts-thundershowers-likely-to-continue-today-3951357.html|archive-date=25 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> This flood was result of sudden increase in water discharge through the Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Bagmati, [[Kamla River|Kamla]], Kosi and Mahananda Rivers due to heavy rain in the catchment areas of the major rivers of north Bihar in Nepal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/alert-sounded-in-north-bihar-plains/articleshow/60026125.cms|title=Alert sounded in north Bihar plains|work=Times of India|agency=TNN|date=12 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/alert-sounded-in-north-bihar-plains/articleshow/60026125.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Araria district]] accounted for 95 deaths alone,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-mounts-to-304/articleshow/60163110.cms|title=Death toll in Bihar floods mounts to 304; situation grim in UP|work=Times of India|agency=PTI|date=21 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212324/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-mounts-to-304/articleshow/60163110.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> followed by Sitamarhi (34), West Champaran (29), Katihar (26), East Champaran (19) while 22 have died in Madhubani, Supaul (13) and Madhepura (15). 11 deaths were reported in Kishanganj, while Darbhanga accounted for 19 deaths, Purnea (9), Gopalganj (9), Sheohar (4), Muzaffarpur (7), Samastipur (1) and Saharsa (4) registered four deaths each while Khagaria and Saran accounted for 7 deaths each. Nowadays, around 1.71 people on average are affected by floods alone.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-flood-deaths-rise-to-440-prime-minister-announces-rs-500-crore-relief-1742458|title=Bihar Flood Deaths Rise To 440; Prime Minister Announces Rs. 500 Crore Relief|publisher=NDTV|date=27 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919041915/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-flood-deaths-rise-to-440-prime-minister-announces-rs-500-crore-relief-1742458|archive-date=19 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Q0VX3xLI4jLwhnX5hfQWpI/Bihar-floods-death-toll-touches-440-171-crore-people-stil.html|title=Bihar floods' death toll touches 440, 1.71 crore people still affected|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827090850/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Q0VX3xLI4jLwhnX5hfQWpI/Bihar-floods-death-toll-touches-440-171-crore-people-stil.html|archive-date=27 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= | The 2017 North Bihar Floods affected 19 districts of North Bihar causing death of 514 people.<ref>{{cite news|author=Abhay Singh|work=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/floods-in-state-not-man-made-says-minister/articleshow/60265509.cms|title=Floods in state not man-made, says minister|agency=TNN|date=29 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/floods-in-state-not-man-made-says-minister/articleshow/60265509.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/flood-situation-improves-in-bihar-number-of-dead-at-514-1743155|title=Flood Situation Improves In Bihar, Number Of Dead At 514|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=28 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103712/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/flood-situation-improves-in-bihar-number-of-dead-at-514-1743155|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/flood-situation-worsens-in-bihar-death-toll-rises-to-253/articleshow/60147634.cms|title=Flood situation worsens in Bihar, death toll rises to 253|work=Times of India|agency=PTI|date=20 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231210806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/flood-situation-worsens-in-bihar-death-toll-rises-to-253/articleshow/60147634.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihar-floods-119-dead-rains-likely-to-continue-for-a-week/articleshow/60113191.cms|title=Bihar floods: 119 dead; bridge collapse caught on camera|work=Times of India|date=18 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027104517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihar-floods-119-dead-rains-likely-to-continue-for-a-week/articleshow/60113191.cms|archive-date=27 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-rises-to-202-in-18-districts-thundershowers-likely-to-continue-today-3951357.html|title=Bihar floods: Death toll rises to 202 in 18 districts; thundershowers likely to continue today|date=20 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825163802/http://www.firstpost.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-rises-to-202-in-18-districts-thundershowers-likely-to-continue-today-3951357.html|archive-date=25 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> This flood was result of sudden increase in water discharge through the Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Bagmati, [[Kamla River|Kamla]], Kosi and Mahananda Rivers due to heavy rain in the catchment areas of the major rivers of north Bihar in Nepal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/alert-sounded-in-north-bihar-plains/articleshow/60026125.cms|title=Alert sounded in north Bihar plains|work=Times of India|agency=TNN|date=12 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/alert-sounded-in-north-bihar-plains/articleshow/60026125.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Araria district]] accounted for 95 deaths alone,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-mounts-to-304/articleshow/60163110.cms|title=Death toll in Bihar floods mounts to 304; situation grim in UP|work=Times of India|agency=PTI|date=21 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212324/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-mounts-to-304/articleshow/60163110.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> followed by Sitamarhi (34), West Champaran (29), Katihar (26), East Champaran (19) while 22 have died in Madhubani, Supaul (13) and Madhepura (15). 11 deaths were reported in Kishanganj, while Darbhanga accounted for 19 deaths, Purnea (9), Gopalganj (9), Sheohar (4), Muzaffarpur (7), Samastipur (1) and Saharsa (4) registered four deaths each while Khagaria and Saran accounted for 7 deaths each. Nowadays, around 1.71 people on average are affected by floods alone.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-flood-deaths-rise-to-440-prime-minister-announces-rs-500-crore-relief-1742458|title=Bihar Flood Deaths Rise To 440; Prime Minister Announces Rs. 500 Crore Relief|publisher=NDTV|date=27 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919041915/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-flood-deaths-rise-to-440-prime-minister-announces-rs-500-crore-relief-1742458|archive-date=19 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Q0VX3xLI4jLwhnX5hfQWpI/Bihar-floods-death-toll-touches-440-171-crore-people-stil.html|title=Bihar floods' death toll touches 440, 1.71 crore people still affected|date=26 August 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827090850/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Q0VX3xLI4jLwhnX5hfQWpI/Bihar-floods-death-toll-touches-440-171-crore-people-stil.html|archive-date=27 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/bihar-floods-cost-39-more-lives-up-staggers/article9831334.ece|title=Bihar floods cost 39 more lives, UP staggers|date=25 August 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510203710/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/bihar-floods-cost-39-more-lives-up-staggers/article9831334.ece|archive-date=10 May 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-rises-to-304-1-38-crore-people-still-battling-deluge-in-18-districts-3958457.html|title=Bihar floods: Death toll rises to 304, 1.38 crore people still battling deluge in 18 districts|work=[[The Hindu]] [[Business Line]]|date=21 August 2017 |agency=PTI|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015321/http://www.firstpost.com/india/bihar-floods-death-toll-rises-to-304-1-38-crore-people-still-battling-deluge-in-18-districts-3958457.html|archive-date=28 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 130: | Line 189: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.Tirhutlive.blogspot.com Tirhut] | *[http://www.Tirhutlive.blogspot.com Tirhut] | ||
*[http://www.NorthBihar.in North Bihar] | *[http://www.NorthBihar.in North Bihar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011012321/http://www.northbihar.in/ |date=11 October 2012 }} | ||
[[Category:Mithila]] | [[Category:Mithila (region)]] | ||
[[Category:Regions of Bihar]] | [[Category:Regions of Bihar]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:33, 14 March 2026
North Bihar | |
|---|---|
Geographic Region | |
 | |
 Seal | |
| Coordinates: 26°04′N 85°27′E / 26.07°N 85.45°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Bihar |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Lok Sabha | 21 |
| Vidhan Sabha | 127+2 |
| Districts | 21 |
| Main Languages | Maithili, Bhojpuri, and Hindi |
| Emerging towns | Samastipur, Supaul, Araria, Madhepura, Samastipur, Madhubani, Bettiah, Gopalganj, Saharsa, Sitamarhi |
| Emerged towns | Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Motihari, Purnea, Begusarai,Katihar |
| Industrial and Financial capital | Begusarai |
| Website | Official Website |
North Bihar is the northern region of the Indian state of Bihar. It lies between the Ganga River in the south and the India–Nepal border in the north. The region forms part of the fertile Gangetic Plain and is mainly flat in terrain.
Geography[edit | edit source]
North Bihar lies in the northern part of the Indian state of Bihar. It is bounded by the Ganga River to the south and the India–Nepal border to the north. The region forms a part of the Middle Gangetic Plain and is one of the most fertile areas of eastern India due to continuous deposition of alluvium by Himalayan rivers.
Physiography[edit | edit source]
The terrain of North Bihar is almost entirely flat and low-lying, with a gentle slope from north to south. The average elevation ranges between 40 and 100 metres above sea level. The land is composed mainly of recent alluvial deposits, making it suitable for intensive agriculture.[1]
Rivers[edit | edit source]
North Bihar is drained by several perennial rivers originating in the Himalayas. Major rivers include the Kosi, Gandak, Bagmati, Burhi Gandak, Kamla, Mahananda and the Adhwara river system. Most of these rivers flow southwards and ultimately join the Ganga.[2]
The Kosi River is known for frequent changes in its course and is often referred to as the Sorrow of Bihar due to recurrent floods and heavy sediment deposition.[3]
Floodplains[edit | edit source]
Large parts of North Bihar fall within active floodplains. Seasonal flooding during the monsoon is common, especially in districts such as Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura, Darbhanga, Sitamarhi and Muzaffarpur. While floods enrich the soil, they also cause regular damage to crops, settlements and infrastructure.[4]
Soil[edit | edit source]
The soil of North Bihar is predominantly alluvial. Sandy loam soils are found near riverbanks, while clayey soils occur in low-lying areas. These fertile soils support crops such as rice, wheat, maize, pulses and sugarcane.[5]
Climate[edit | edit source]
North Bihar experiences a humid subtropical climate with hot summers, a monsoon season from June to September, and cool winters. The average annual rainfall ranges between 1,100 and 1,400 mm, most of which is received during the southwest monsoon.[6]
Seismicity[edit | edit source]
The region falls under Seismic Zones IV and V, indicating high seismic risk due to its proximity to the Himalayan tectonic region.[7]
Divisions and Districts of North Bihar[edit | edit source]
| Division | Division HQ | District | District HQ | District Area (km2) | District Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tirhut | Muzaffarpur | West Champaran | Bettiah | 5,228 | 3,935,042 |
| East Champaran | Motihari | 3,969 | 5,082,868 | ||
| Muzaffarpur | Muzaffarpur | 3,174 | 4,801,062 | ||
| Sitamarhi | Sitamarhi | 2,294 | 3,419,622 | ||
| Sheohar | Sheohar | 443 | 656,246 | ||
| Vaishali | Hajipur | 2,036 | 3,495,249 | ||
| Saran | Chhapra | Saran | Chhapra | 2,641 | 3,951,862 |
| Siwan | Siwan | 2,219 | 3,330,464 | ||
| Gopalganj | Gopalganj | 2,033 | 2,562,012 | ||
| Darbhanga | Darbhanga | Darbhanga | Darbhanga | 2,279 | 3,937,385 |
| Madhubani | Madhubani | 3,501 | 4,487,379 | ||
| Samastipur | Samastipur | 2,904 | 4,261,566 | ||
| Kosi | Saharsa | Saharsa | Saharsa | 1,686 | 1,900,661 |
| Madhepura | Madhepura | 2,407 | 2,001,762 | ||
| Supaul | Supaul | 2,410 | 2,229,076 | ||
| Purnea | Purnea | Purnia | Purnia | 3,229 | 3,264,619 |
| Katihar | Katihar | 3,057 | 3,071,029 | ||
| Araria | Araria | 2,830 | 2,811,569 | ||
| Kishanganj | Kishanganj | 1,884 | 1,690,400 |
Languages[edit | edit source]
- Bajjika, is predominantly Spoken in Muzaffarpur district, Vaishali, Sitamarhi, Samastipur & its Nearby Districts
- Bhojpuri is predominantly spoken in West Champaran, East Champaran districts and Saran division.
- Maithili is spoken in Darbhanga division, Kosi division and in some parts of Purnia division.
- Surjapuri is spoken in Kishanganj and in some eastern parts of Purnia district and Katihar.
Economy & Industries in North Bihar[edit | edit source]
North Bihar, spanning the fertile plains north of the Ganga river, remains a region deeply rooted in agriculture, while also showing signs of growing industrial diversification.
Economy & Industry[edit | edit source]
Muzaffarpur is the most industrialized district of North Bihar and is often referred to as the economic and financial capital of the region. Muzaffarpur and Vaishali are among the fastest-growing and most developed districts of Bihar after Patna.
Reowned Indsutrial Units
- Diesel Locomotive Factory- Saran
- Muzaffarpur Bag Cluster
- Kanti Thermal Power Station - Muzaffarpur
- Mega Food Park Muzaffarpur
- Oswal Logistics - Hajipur
- AFP Manufacturing Co. Pvt. Ltd - hajipur
Rivers and floods[edit | edit source]
There are several rivers flowing through this region from north to south and merge in the Ganges river.[8] These rivers, along with floods, bring fertile soil to the region on a yearly basis. However, sometimes government sponsored floods[9] causes loss of thousands of lives. Major rivers of North Bihar are Mahananda, Gandak, Kosi, Bagmati, Kamala, Balan, Budhi Gandak.[10]
Natural floods[edit | edit source]
Since the beginning of human civilization, rivers have been an important part of human life. North Bihar has 7 major rivers and several tributaries to them. North Bihar districts are vulnerable to at least five major flood-causing rivers during the monsoon – Mahananda River, Koshi River, Bagmati River, Burhi Gandak River and Gandak – which originate in Nepal.[11] All these rivers receive water from the Himalayas, so these rivers always have an adequate water supply. Every year, these rivers bring valuable floods for the people of North Bihar. Flood waters used to enter the agricultural land, leave their quite fertile silt and recede to the river. This pattern of humane flood was beneficial for North Bihar, making the land perfectly fertile. However, there are no more natural floods as of today.
Man-made floods[edit | edit source]
Soon after independence, the Congress Government of Bihar made several attempts to domesticate these rivers. High barriers or Bandhs were made on their both banks. This resulted in inhumane and destructive floods. Bandhs caused deposition of silts in the bottom of rivers, because of which, depth of rivers decreased, and so their water holding capacity also decreased. This is the reason these rivers bring more frequent floods now. With flood water, sand comes in force and gets deposited on the land. This way the land of the region in turning barren. Floods, once a boon for North Bihar, has now become a curse.
Kosi flood 2008,[edit | edit source]
 Flooded North Bihar | |
| Date | 18 August 2008 |
|---|---|
| Location | North Bihar |
| Deaths | 434[12] (Dead bodies were found until 27 November 2008) |
The 2008 Kosi flood was one of the most disastrous floods in the history of North Bihar, an impoverished and densely populated region in India. A breach in the Kosi embankment near the Indo-Nepal border (at Kusha in Nepal) occurred on 18 August 2008. The river changed course and inundated areas which were not flooded in decades.[13] The flood affected over 2.3 million people in North Bihar.[14]
The flood killed 250 people and forced nearly 3 million people from their homes in North Bihar.[15] More than 300,000 houses were destroyed and at least 340,000 hectares (840,000 acres) of crops were damaged.[15] Villagers in North Bihar ate raw rice and flour mixed with polluted water. Hunger and disease were widespread. The Supaul district was the worst-hit; surging waters swamped 1,000 square kilometers (250,000 acres) of farmlands, destroying crops.[16]
-
The Kosi before it flooded in August 2008 -
The Kosi during the August 2008 flood
2017 North Bihar Floods[edit | edit source]
| Date | August 2017 |
|---|---|
| Location | North Bihar, India |
| Deaths | 514 |
The 2017 North Bihar Floods affected 19 districts of North Bihar causing death of 514 people.[17][18][19][20][21] This flood was result of sudden increase in water discharge through the Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla, Kosi and Mahananda Rivers due to heavy rain in the catchment areas of the major rivers of north Bihar in Nepal.[22] Araria district accounted for 95 deaths alone,[23] followed by Sitamarhi (34), West Champaran (29), Katihar (26), East Champaran (19) while 22 have died in Madhubani, Supaul (13) and Madhepura (15). 11 deaths were reported in Kishanganj, while Darbhanga accounted for 19 deaths, Purnea (9), Gopalganj (9), Sheohar (4), Muzaffarpur (7), Samastipur (1) and Saharsa (4) registered four deaths each while Khagaria and Saran accounted for 7 deaths each. Nowadays, around 1.71 people on average are affected by floods alone.[24][25][26][27]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Geographical Profile of Bihar". Bihar State Disaster Management Authority. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ↑ "River System of Bihar". India Water Portal. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ↑ "Geomorphology and Flood Hazard of the Kosi River". Current Science. 90 (3): 346–350. 2006.
- ↑ "Floods in Bihar" (PDF). National Institute of Disaster Management. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ↑ "Soils of Bihar". ICAR–NBSS&LUP. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ↑ "Climate of Bihar". India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ↑ "Seismic Zoning Map of India". National Disaster Management Authority. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ↑ "Bihar's scary new flood". Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ↑ Kumar, Sudhir (22 July 2022). "Flood: राहत बंटवारे में घोटाला उजागर, 25 के नाम पर एक ने किया दस्तखत; सीओ को शोकॉज". Hindustan. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ↑ "Rivers of Bihar | Bihar Articles". Bihar.ws. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ↑ Sone%2C%20Punpun%20and%20Falgu%20rivers. "Bihar gears up to fight annual floods". The Times of India. 9 June 2020.
{{cite news}}: Check|url=value (help) - ↑ A report by the Department of disaster management, Government of Bihar
- ↑ "A Dalit watch report on the flood camps in Bihar". India Water Portal. 22 June 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Half of Bihar under water, 30 lakh suffer". CNN IBN. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ 15.0 15.1 Michael Coggan in New Delhi (29 August 2008). "Death toll rises from Indian floods - Just In (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ Sunil Kataria (29 August 2008). "Bihar villagers desperate as floods spread". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ Abhay Singh (29 August 2017). "Floods in state not man-made, says minister". Times of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Flood Situation Improves In Bihar, Number Of Dead At 514". NDTV. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Flood situation worsens in Bihar, death toll rises to 253". Times of India. PTI. 20 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Bihar floods: 119 dead; bridge collapse caught on camera". Times of India. 18 August 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Bihar floods: Death toll rises to 202 in 18 districts; thundershowers likely to continue today". 20 August 2017. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Alert sounded in north Bihar plains". Times of India. TNN. 12 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Death toll in Bihar floods mounts to 304; situation grim in UP". Times of India. PTI. 21 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Bihar Flood Deaths Rise To 440; Prime Minister Announces Rs. 500 Crore Relief". NDTV. 27 August 2017. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Bihar floods' death toll touches 440, 1.71 crore people still affected". 26 August 2017. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017.
- ↑ "Bihar floods cost 39 more lives, UP staggers". 25 August 2017. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018.
- ↑ "Bihar floods: Death toll rises to 304, 1.38 crore people still battling deluge in 18 districts". The Hindu Business Line. PTI. 21 August 2017. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Tirhut
- North Bihar Archived 11 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine