1989 Indian general election in Kerala: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox election|
{{Short description|Indian general election held to elect 20 members}}
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}1
{{Infobox election
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}1
| election_name = 1989 Indian general election
| map_image = Kerala in India.png
| country = India
| percentage1 = 41.70%
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1984 Indian general election in Kerala
| previous_year = 1984
| next_election = 1991 Indian general election in Kerala
| next_year = 1991
| election_date = November 1989
| seats_for_election = 20 seats
| seats_for_election = 20 seats


<!-- UDF -->| image1 =  
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=K. Karunakaran, Indian politician.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=14}}
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=08}}
| leader1 = [[K. Karunakaran]]
| alliance1 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| leaders_seat1 = -
 
 
| leader2 = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| alliance2 = [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]
| leaders_seat2 = -
 
| seats1 = 17
| seats2 = 3
| last_election1 =  18
| last_election2 =  2
 
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 1
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| seats1 = 14
| last_election1 = 13
| seat_change4 = -
| ongoing = no
| seat_change3 = -
| turnout = 79.30% ({{increase}}2.18%)
| percentage3 = 6.20%
| last_election4 = 2
| election_date = November 1989
| alliance4 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| seats4 = 2
| percentage4 = 5.23%
| party4 = Indian Union Muslim League
| image 4 =
| previous_election = 1984 Indian general election
| type = parliamentary|<!-- BJP -->
| map_caption = [[Kerala]]
| image3 =
| last_election2 = 1
| post title =
| before_election =
| before_party =
| after_election =
| after_party = <!-- LDF -->
| image2 = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hammer Sickle and Star.png|75px]]
| seats2 = 2
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| alliance2 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| country = India
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| previous_year = 1984
| before_election = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| next_election = 1991 Indian general election in Kerala
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| party3 = Communist Party of India
| after_election = [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
| alliance3 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| after_party = Janata Dal
| seats3 = 0
| percentage1 = 49.29%
| last_election3 = 0
| percentage2 = 42.93%
| title =
}}
| map_size = 200px
The '''[[1989 Indian general election]]''' were held to elect 20 members to the [[9th Lok Sabha|ninth Lok Sabha]] from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1989|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060548/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] won 17 seats while [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]], led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))]] won the remaining 3 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Turnout for the election was at 79.30%<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413154801/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in:80/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-13 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however [[Janata Dal|Janata Dal (JD)]], led by [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).
| next_year = 1991
| election_name = 1989 Indian general election
| percentage2 = 22.87%
}}The '''[[1989 Indian general election]]''' were held to elect 20 members to the [[9th Lok Sabha|ninth Lok Sabha]] from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1989|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060548/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] won 17 seats while [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]], led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))]] won the remaining 3 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Turnout for the election was at 79.30%<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413154801/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in:80/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-13 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however [[Janata Dal|Janata Dal (JD)]], led by [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).


== Alliances and parties ==
== Alliances and parties ==
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/09/28|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>


UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran [[K. Karunakaran]]. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], forming the [[Third Front (India)|Left Front]] in the national level. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] contested in 19 seats.
UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran [[K. Karunakaran]]. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], forming the [[Third Front (India)|Left Front]] in the national level. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] contested in 19 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/09/28}}</ref>


=== United Democratic Front ===
=== United Democratic Front ===
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! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:white" |'''1.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|Indian National Congress
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |17
| style="text-align:center;" |17
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
Line 75: Line 66:
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}};color:white" |'''3.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}};color:white" |'''3.'''
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Two_Leaves.png|45x45px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Two Leaves.svg|45x45px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|}
|}
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! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)}};color:white" |'''1.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.png|center|45x45px|Key]]
|[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|center|45x45px|Key]]
| style="text-align:center;" |10
| style="text-align:center;" |10
|- style="height: 4px;"
|- style="height: 4px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India}};color:white" |'''2.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};color:white" |'''2.'''
|Communist Party of India
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ears_of_Corn_and_Sickle.png|center|45x45px|Star]]
|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|center|45x45px|Star]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3
| style="text-align:center;" |3
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}};color:black" |'''3.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}};color:black" |'''3.'''
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha]]
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha]]
|
|style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH -->
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};color:black" |'''4.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};color:black" |'''4.'''
|Independents
|[[Independent (politician)|
|
Independents]]
|style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH -->
| style="text-align:center;" |3
| style="text-align:center;" |3
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Janata Dal}};color:white" |'''5.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Janata Dal}};color:white" |'''5.'''
|[[Janata Dal]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Janata Dal symbol.svg|50px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};color:white" |'''6.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};color:white" |'''6.'''
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|
|style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|50px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|- style="height: 4px;"
|- style="height: 4px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}};color:black" |'''7.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}};color:black" |'''7.'''
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|[[Kerala Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|}
|}
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! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |'''1.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |'''1.'''
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:BJP election symbol.png|40x40px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|40x40px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19
| style="text-align:center;" |19
|}
==List of Candidates==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|<span style="color:white;">UDF</span>]]
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |[[Left Democratic Front|<span style="color:white;">LDF</span>]]
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|<span style="color:white;">BJP</span>]]
|-
! No.
! Name
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
|-
! 1
| [[Kasaragod Lok Sabha constituency|Kasaragod]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[I. Rama Rai]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Ramanna Rai]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| C. K. Padmanabhan
|-
! 2
|[[Kannur Lok Sabha constituency|Cannanore]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Mullappally Ramachandran]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| P. Sasi
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Palliyara Raman
|-
! 3
|[[Vatakara Lok Sabha constituency|Badagara]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[A. Sujanapal]]
| {{party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha}}
| [[K. P. Unnikrishnan]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| P. K. Krishnadas
|-
! 4
|[[Kozhikode Lok Sabha constituency|Calicut]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[K. Muraleedharan]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| E. K. Imbichibava
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]]
|-
! 5
|[[Malappuram Lok Sabha constituency|Manjeri]]
| {{party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
| [[Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait]]
| {{party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=Ind.}}
| K. V. Salahuddin
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Ahalya Sankar
|-
! 6
| [[Ponnani Lok Sabha constituency|Ponnani]]
| {{party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
| [[G. M. Banatwala]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
| M. Rahmathulia
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Janachandran Master
|-
! 7
|[[Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency|Palghat]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| V. S. Vijayaraghavan
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[A. Vijayaraghavan]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| T. Chandrasekharan
|-
! 8
| [[Ottapalam Lok Sabha constituency|Ottapalam (SC)]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[K. R. Narayanan]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Lenin Rajendran]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Lakshmanan
|-
! 9
| [[Trichur Lok Sabha constituency|Trichur]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[P. A. Antony]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Meenakshi Thampan]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| K. V. Sreedharan Master
|-
! 10
| [[Mukundapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Mukundapuram]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Savithri Lakshmanan]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| C. O. Poulose Master
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| K. K. Gangadharan Master
|-
! 11
| [[Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Ernakulam]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[K. V. Thomas]]
| {{party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=Ind.}}
| [[Padmanabhan Subramanian Poti]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| A. N. Radhakrishnan
|-
! 12
| [[Muvattupuzha Lok Sabha constituency|Muvattupuzha]]
| {{party name with color|Kerala Congress (M)}}
| [[P. C. Thomas]]
| {{party name with color|Kerala Congress}}
| [[P. J. Joseph]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| P. J. Thomas
|-
! 13
| [[Kottayam Lok Sabha constituency|Kottayam]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Ramesh Chennithala]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[K. Suresh Kurup]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Ettumanoor Radhakrishnan
|-
! 14
| [[Idukki Lok Sabha constituency|Idukki]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Palai K. M. Mathew
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[M. C. Josephine]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| M. N. Jayachandran
|-
! 15
| [[Alleppey Lok Sabha constituency|Alleppey]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Vakkom Purushothaman]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| K. V. Devadas
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| K. D. Ramakrishnan
|-
! 16
| [[Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency|Mavelikara]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[P. J. Kurien]]
| {{party name with color|Janata Dal}}
| [[Thampan Thomas]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Prathapachandra Verma
|-
! 17
| [[Adoor Lok Sabha constituency|Adoor (SC)]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Kodikunnil Suresh]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
| [[N. Rajan]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| E. K. Sasidharan
|-
! 18
|[[Kollam Lok Sabha constituency|Quilon]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[S. Krishna Kumar]]
| {{party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
| [[Babu Divakaran]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| P. K. S. Rajeev
|-
! 19
| [[Chirayinkil Lok Sabha constituency|Chirayinkil]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Thalekunnil Basheer]]
| {{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Susheela Gopalan]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| V. N. Gopalakrishnan Nair
|-
! 20
| [[Trivandrum Lok Sabha constituency|Trivandrum]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[A. Charles]]
| {{party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=Ind.}}
| O. N. V. Kurup
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| P. Asok Kumar
|-
|}
|}


== List of elected MPs ==
== List of elected MPs ==
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|first=|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1989|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430125531/http://www.keralaassembly.org:80/lok/winners.php4?year=1989 |archive-date=2004-04-30 |access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1989|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430125531/http://www.keralaassembly.org:80/lok/winners.php4?year=1989 |archive-date=2004-04-30 |access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!No.
!No.
!Constituency
!Constituency
!Name of Elected M.P.
!Name of Elected M.P.
!Party Affiliation
!Party affiliation
|-
|-
|1
|1
Line 247: Line 434:


=== Performance of political parties ===
=== Performance of political parties ===
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=49.29|label1=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color1={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=42.93|label2=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color2={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=4.51|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/09}}</ref>{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=49.29|label1=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color1={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=42.93|label2=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color2={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=4.51|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!No.
!Party
!Party
Line 291: Line 478:
|5
|5
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|NDA
|
|0
|0
|6,72,613
|6,72,613
Line 372: Line 559:
|0
|0
|14,14,560
|14,14,560
|9.49%  
|9.49%
|{{increase}}2.40
|{{increase}}2.40
|}
|}


=== By constituency ===
=== By constituency ===
<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!No.
!Constituency
!Constituency
Line 542: Line 729:
|46.2%
|46.2%
|CPI
|CPI
|K. V. Sreedharan  
|K. V. Sreedharan
|38,205
|38,205
|5.3%
|5.3%
Line 555: Line 742:
|48.5%
|48.5%
|INC
|INC
|C. O. Poulose  
|C. O. Poulose
|3,49,177
|3,49,177
|46.0%
|46.0%
|CPI(M)
|CPI(M)
|K. K. Gangadharan  
|K. K. Gangadharan
|28,781
|28,781
|3.8%
|3.8%
Line 738: Line 925:


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Elections in Kerala]]
* [[Elections in Kerala]]
* [[Politics of Kerala]]
* [[Politics of Kerala]]
Line 744: Line 930:
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Kerala elections}}
{{reflist}}{{Kerala elections}}
 
[[Category:1989 Indian general election by state or union territory]]
{{#seo:
[[Category:1989 Indian general election|K]]
|keywords=1989 Indian general election, Indian general elections in Kerala
|description=
}}
 
[[Category:1989 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Kerala]]

Latest revision as of 15:21, 31 January 2026


1989 Indian general election
← 1984 November 1989 1991 →
20 seats
  First party Second party
 
K. Karunakaran, Indian politician.jpg
E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg
Leader K. Karunakaran E. K. Nayanar
Party INC CPI (M)
Alliance UDF LDF
Leader's seat - -
Last election 18 2
Seats won 17 3
Seat change Decrease 1 Increase 1
Percentage 49.29% 42.93%
Prime Minister before election

Rajiv Gandhi
INC

Prime Minister after election

Vishwanath Pratap Singh
JD

The 1989 Indian general election were held to elect 20 members to the ninth Lok Sabha from Kerala.[1] Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) won 17 seats while Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) won the remaining 3 seats.[2] Turnout for the election was at 79.30%[3] In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however Janata Dal (JD), led by V. P. Singh formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).

Alliances and parties[edit | edit source]

UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran K. Karunakaran. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the CPI, forming the Left Front in the national level. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) contested in 19 seats.[4]

United Democratic Front[edit | edit source]

No. Party Election Symbol Seats contested
1. Indian National Congress 17
2. Indian Union Muslim League 2
3. Kerala Congress (M) 1

Left Democratic Front[edit | edit source]

No. Party Election Symbol Seats contested
1. Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Key
Key
 10
2. Communist Party of India
Star
Star
 3
3. Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha 1
4. Independents 3
5. Janata Dal 1
6. Revolutionary Socialist Party 1
7. Kerala Congress 1

Bharatiya Janata Party[edit | edit source]

No. Party Election Symbol Seats contested
1. Bharatiya Janata Party File:Lotos flower symbol.svg 19

List of Candidates[edit | edit source]

Constituency UDF LDF BJP
No. Name Party Candidate Party Candidate Party Candidate
1 Kasaragod INC I. Rama Rai CPI (M) Ramanna Rai BJP C. K. Padmanabhan
2 Cannanore INC Mullappally Ramachandran CPI (M) P. Sasi BJP Palliyara Raman
3 Badagara INC A. Sujanapal Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha K. P. Unnikrishnan BJP P. K. Krishnadas
4 Calicut INC K. Muraleedharan CPI (M) E. K. Imbichibava BJP P. S. Sreedharan Pillai
5 Manjeri IUML Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait Independent K. V. Salahuddin BJP Ahalya Sankar
6 Ponnani IUML G. M. Banatwala CPI M. Rahmathulia BJP Janachandran Master
7 Palghat INC V. S. Vijayaraghavan CPI (M) A. Vijayaraghavan BJP T. Chandrasekharan
8 Ottapalam (SC) INC K. R. Narayanan CPI (M) Lenin Rajendran BJP Lakshmanan
9 Trichur INC P. A. Antony CPI Meenakshi Thampan BJP K. V. Sreedharan Master
10 Mukundapuram INC Savithri Lakshmanan CPI (M) C. O. Poulose Master BJP K. K. Gangadharan Master
11 Ernakulam INC K. V. Thomas Independent Padmanabhan Subramanian Poti BJP A. N. Radhakrishnan
12 Muvattupuzha Kerala Congress P. C. Thomas Kerala Congress P. J. Joseph BJP P. J. Thomas
13 Kottayam INC Ramesh Chennithala CPI (M) K. Suresh Kurup BJP Ettumanoor Radhakrishnan
14 Idukki INC Palai K. M. Mathew CPI (M) M. C. Josephine BJP M. N. Jayachandran
15 Alleppey INC Vakkom Purushothaman CPI (M) K. V. Devadas BJP K. D. Ramakrishnan
16 Mavelikara INC P. J. Kurien JD Thampan Thomas BJP Prathapachandra Verma
17 Adoor (SC) INC Kodikunnil Suresh CPI N. Rajan BJP E. K. Sasidharan
18 Quilon INC S. Krishna Kumar Revolutionary Socialist Party Babu Divakaran BJP P. K. S. Rajeev
19 Chirayinkil INC Thalekunnil Basheer CPI (M) Susheela Gopalan BJP V. N. Gopalakrishnan Nair
20 Trivandrum INC A. Charles Independent O. N. V. Kurup BJP P. Asok Kumar

List of elected MPs[edit | edit source]

[5]

No. Constituency Name of Elected M.P. Party affiliation
1 Kasaragod Ramanna Rai CPI(M)
2 Kannur Mullappally Ramachandran INC
3 Vatakara K. P. Unnikrishnan ICS(SCS)
4 Kozhikode K. Muraleedharan INC
5 Manjeri G.M. Banatwalia IUML
6 Ponnani Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait IUML
7 Palakkad A. Vijayaraghavan CPI(M)
8 Ottapalam K. R. Narayanan INC
9 Thrissur P. A. Antony INC
10 Mukundapuram Savitri Lakshmanan INC
11 Ernakulam K. V. Thomas INC
12 Muvattupuzha P. C. Thomas KC(M)
13 Kottayam Ramesh Chennithala INC
14 Idukki K. M. Mathew INC
15 Alappuzha Vakkom Purushothaman INC
16 Mavelikkara P. J. Kurien INC
17 Adoor Kodikunnil Suresh INC
18 Kollam S. Krishna Kumar INC
19 Chirayankil Thalekunnil Basheer INC
20 Thiruvananthapuram A. Charles INC

Results[edit | edit source]

Performance of political parties[edit | edit source]

[6]

Vote Share by alliance

  UDF (49.29%)
  LDF (42.93%)
  BJP (4.51%)
  Other (3.27%)
No. Party Political Front Seats Votes %Votes ±pp
1 Indian National Congress UDF 14 62,18,850 41.70% Increase8.43
2 Communist Party of India (Marxist) LDF 2 34,11,227 22.87% Increase0.60
3 Communist Party of India LDF 0 9,24,994 6.20% Decrease1.17
4 Indian Union Muslim League UDF 2 7,80,322 5.23% Decrease0.06
5 Bharatiya Janata Party 0 6,72,613 4.51% Increase2.76
6 Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha LDF 1 3,70,434 2.48% Decrease1.90
7 Revolutionary Socialist Party LDF 0 3,59,393 2.41% new
8 Kerala Congress (M) UDF 1 3,52,191 2.36% new
9 Janata Dal LDF 0 2,77,682 1.86% new
10 Kerala Congress LDF 0 68,811 0.46% Decrease1.91
11 Janata Party none 0 38,492 0.26% Increase1.87
12 Bahujan Samaj Party none 0 17,762 0.12% new
13 Deseeya Karshaka Party none 0 3,059 0.02% new
14 Socialist Unity Centre of India none 0 2,151 0.01% new
Independents 0 14,14,560 9.49% Increase2.40

By constituency[edit | edit source]

[7]

No. Constituency UDF candidate Votes % Party LDF candidate Votes % Party BJP / Other candidate Votes % Party Winning alliance Margin
1 Kasaragod I. Rama Rai 3,57,177 44.5% INC M. Rammana Rai 3,58,723 44.7% CPI(M) C. K. Padmanabhan 69,419 8.6% BJP LDF 1,546
2 Kannur Mullappally Ramachandran 3,91,042 50.1% INC P. Sasi 3,48,638 44.6% CPI(M) Palliyara Raman 31,266 4.0% BJP UDF 42,404
3 Vatakara A. Sujanapal 3,62,225 45.5% INC K. P. Unnikrishnan 3,70,434 46.5% ICS(SCS) P. K. Krishnadas 45,558 5.7% BJP LDF 8,209
4 Kozhikode K. Muraleedharan 3,77,858 47.9% INC E. K. Imbichibava 3,48,901 44.3% CPI(M) P. S. Sreedharan Pillai 49,696 6.3% BJP UDF 28,957
5 Manjeri Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait 4,01,975 49.6% IUML K. V. Salahuddin 3,31,693 40.9% IND Ahalya Sankar 51,634 7.0% BJP UDF 70,282
6 Ponnani G. M. Banatwalia 3,78,347 53.2% IUML M. Rahmathulia 2,70,828 38.1% CPI K. Janachandran 48,892 6.9% BJP UDF 1,07,519
7 Palakkad V. S. Vijayaraghavan 3,47,115 46.8% INC A. Vijayaraghavan 3,48,401 47.0% CPI(M) T. Chandrasekharan 27,220 3.7% BJP LDF 1,286
8 Ottapalam K. R. Narayanan 3,50,683 48.5% INC Lenin Rajendran 3,24,496 44.9% CPI(M) Lakshmanan 32,892 4.5% BJP UDF 26,187
9 Thrissur P. A. Antony 3,38,271 47.0% INC Meenakshi Thampan 3,32,036 46.2% CPI K. V. Sreedharan 38,205 5.3% BJP UDF 6,235
10 Mukundapuram Savithri Lakshmanan 3,67,931 48.5% INC C. O. Poulose 3,49,177 46.0% CPI(M) K. K. Gangadharan 28,781 3.8% BJP UDF 18,754
11 Ernakulam K. V. Thomas 3,85,176 49.6% INC P. Subramnoian Poti 3,48,711 44.9% IND A. N. Radhakrishnan 29,162 3.8% BJP UDF 36,465
12 Muvattupuzha P. C. Thomas 3,52,191 48.1% KC(M) P. J. Joseph 68,811 9.4% KEC C. Poulose 2,83,380 38.7% IND UDF 68,811
13 Kottayam Ramesh Chennithala 3,84,809 51.1% INC K. Suresh Kurup 3,31,276 44.0% CPI(M) Ettumanoor Radhakrishnan 18,449 2.5% BJP UDF 53,533
14 Idukki K. M. Mathew 3,98,516 53.4% INC M. C. Josephine 3,07,037 41.1% CPI(M) M. N. Jayachandran 25,354 3.4% BJP UDF 91,479
15 Alappuzha Vakkom Purushotham 3,75,763 50.0% INC K. V. Devadas 3,50,640 46.7% CPI(M) K. D. Ramakrishnan 15,127 2.0% BJP UDF 25,123
16 Mavelikkara P. J. Kurian 3,34,864 50.9% INC Thampan Thomas 2,77,682 42.2% JD Prathapachandra Verma 30,229 4.6% BJP UDF 57,182
17 Adoor Kodikunnil Suresh 3,43,672 49.6% INC N. Rajan 3,22,130 46.5% CPI E. K. Sasidharan 17,123 2.5% BJP UDF 21,542
18 Kollam S. Krishnakumar 3,86,855 49.9% INC Babu Divakaran 3,59,393 46.4% RSP P. K. S. Rajeev 16,202 2.1% IND UDF 27,462
19 Chirayinkil Thalekunnil Basheer 3,49,068 47.8% INC Susheela Gopalan 3,43,938 47.1% CPI(M) V. N. Gopalakrishnan Nair 23,049 3.2% BJP UDF 5,130
20 Trivandrum A. Charles 3,67,825 48.6% INC O. N. V. Kurup 3,16,912 41.9% IND P. Asok Kumar 56,046 7.4% BJP UDF 50,913

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "General Election, 1989". Archived from the original on 2019-05-15.
  2. ↑ "PC: Kerala 1989".[permanent dead link]
  3. ↑ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-04-13.
  4. ↑ "PC: Alliances Kerala 1989".
  5. ↑ Roy Mathew. "Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners". keralaassembly.org. Archived from the original on 2004-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
  6. ↑ "PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala".
  7. ↑ "PC: Kerala 1989".[permanent dead link]
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