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{{short description|Artisan god in the Vedic | {{short description|Artisan god in the Vedic Hinduism}} | ||
{{for|the [[volcano|volcanic]] region on [[Io (moon)|Io]]|Tvashtar Paterae}} | {{for|the [[volcano|volcanic]] region on [[Io (moon)|Io]]|Tvashtar Paterae}} | ||
{{Infobox deity | {{Infobox deity | ||
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| slavic_equivalent = [[Svarog]] | | slavic_equivalent = [[Svarog]] | ||
| weapon = Metal Axe | | weapon = Metal Axe | ||
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}}{{Hinduism small}} | }}{{Hinduism small}} | ||
'''Tvashtr''' ({{lang-sa|त्वष्टृ|Tvaṣṭṛ}}) is a [[Vedic]] artisan god or fashioner. He is also mentioned in later literature of Hinduism like the ''[[Harivamsa]]''. Sometimes, Tvashtr is identified with another deity named [[Vishvakarma]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UCEoAwAAQBAJ&q=vishvakarma+tvashtr&pg=PT351|title=The Vedas: An Introduction to Hinduism's Sacred Texts|date=2014-04-15|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-763-7|language=en}}</ref> | '''Tvashtr''' ({{lang-sa|त्वष्टृ|Tvaṣṭṛ}}) is a [[Vedic]] artisan god or fashioner. He is also mentioned in later literature of Hinduism like the ''[[Harivamsa]]''. Sometimes, Tvashtr is identified with another deity named [[Vishvakarma]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UCEoAwAAQBAJ&q=vishvakarma+tvashtr&pg=PT351|title=The Vedas: An Introduction to Hinduism's Sacred Texts|date=2014-04-15|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-763-7|language=en}}</ref> | ||
==In Hindu Literature== | |||
In the ''[[Rigveda]]'', Tvashtr is stated to be a skillful craftsman who created many implements, including [[Indra|Indra's]] bolt, the axe of [[Brihaspati]], and a cup for divine food and drink. He is stated to be the creator of forms, and is often stated to be the crafter of living beings and wombs. He is also considered a universal father, and an ancestor of humans through his daughter [[Saranyu]].<ref name="md" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=De Witt Griswold|first1=Harvey|title=The Religion of the Rigveda|last2=Farquhar|first2=J. N.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1923|pages=276}}</ref> He is the father of [[Bṛhaspati]], and likely Indra's father as well.<ref name="md">{{cite book|last=Macdonell|first=Arthur Anthony|title=Vedic Mythology|work=Encyclopedia of Indo-Aryan Research|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1897|isbn=|editor-last=Bühler|editor-first=G.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/vedicmythology00macd/page/116 116–118]|chapter=Abstract Gods|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/vedicmythology00macd/page/116}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He wields a metal axe,{{Sfn|Jamison|Brereton|2014|p=1090}}<ref name="md" /> and rides a chariot pulled by two fallow bay [[Mare|mares]].<ref name="md" />{{Sfn|Jamison|Brereton|2014|p=837}} | |||
He is the guardian of [[Soma (drink)|Soma]], and his son Vishvarupa is the guardian of cows. Indra has a conflict with his likely father Tvashtr, with him stealing Tvashtr's soma and trying to possess Vishvarupa’s cattle. Indra is consistently victorious in the conflict, and Tvashtr is stated to fear Indra. In the [[Taittiriya Samhita]] and [[Brahmana|Brahmanas]], Vishvarupa is killed by Indra, and so Tvashtr does not allow Indra to attend his Soma sacrifice. Indra however, steals and drinks the soma through his strength.<ref name="md" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book|author=Stephanie Jamison|url=|title=The Rigveda –– Earliest Religious Poetry of India|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0190633394|page=51}}</ref> In order to have revenge for the murder of his son Vishvarupa, Tvashtr creates a demon called [[Vritra]]. However when wishing him into existence, Tvashtr makes a mispronunciation in his incantation, which allows Indra to defeat Vritra.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jamison|first1=S. W.|last2=Witzel|first2=M.|date=1992|title=Vedic Hinduism|url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/vedica.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Mānava Purana, he took rebirth as Arjuna's son, [[Babhruvahana]]. | |||
Tvashtr is associated with many other deities, [[Pushan]], [[Savitr]], [[Dhatri|Dhatr]], [[Prajapati]], and [[Vishvakarman]], due to his role as a fashioner.<ref name="md" /> | |||
Tvashtr is associated with many other deities | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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[[Category:Solar gods]] | [[Category:Solar gods]] | ||
[[Category:Smithing gods]] | [[Category:Smithing gods]] | ||
{{Hindu-myth-stub}} | {{Hindu-myth-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:27, 10 January 2023
| Tvashtr | |
|---|---|
The Heavenly Builder The Maker of Divine Implements Lord of the Womb | |
| Affiliation | Deva |
| Weapon | Metal Axe |
| Texts | Purusha Sukta |
| Personal information | |
| Parents | Kasyapa and Aditi |
| Consort | Virochanā |
| Children | Children including Saranyu, Visvarupa and Vritra |
| Equivalents | |
| Greek equivalent | Hephaistos |
| Norse equivalent | Völund |
| Slavic equivalent | Svarog |
| Part of a series on |
| Hinduism |
|---|
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Tvashtr (Sanskrit: त्वष्टृ, romanized: Tvaṣṭṛ) is a Vedic artisan god or fashioner. He is also mentioned in later literature of Hinduism like the Harivamsa. Sometimes, Tvashtr is identified with another deity named Vishvakarma.[1]
In Hindu Literature[edit | edit source]
In the Rigveda, Tvashtr is stated to be a skillful craftsman who created many implements, including Indra's bolt, the axe of Brihaspati, and a cup for divine food and drink. He is stated to be the creator of forms, and is often stated to be the crafter of living beings and wombs. He is also considered a universal father, and an ancestor of humans through his daughter Saranyu.[2][3] He is the father of Bṛhaspati, and likely Indra's father as well.[2][4][3] He wields a metal axe,[5][2] and rides a chariot pulled by two fallow bay mares.[2][6]
He is the guardian of Soma, and his son Vishvarupa is the guardian of cows. Indra has a conflict with his likely father Tvashtr, with him stealing Tvashtr's soma and trying to possess Vishvarupa’s cattle. Indra is consistently victorious in the conflict, and Tvashtr is stated to fear Indra. In the Taittiriya Samhita and Brahmanas, Vishvarupa is killed by Indra, and so Tvashtr does not allow Indra to attend his Soma sacrifice. Indra however, steals and drinks the soma through his strength.[2][4] In order to have revenge for the murder of his son Vishvarupa, Tvashtr creates a demon called Vritra. However when wishing him into existence, Tvashtr makes a mispronunciation in his incantation, which allows Indra to defeat Vritra.[7] In the Mānava Purana, he took rebirth as Arjuna's son, Babhruvahana.
Tvashtr is associated with many other deities, Pushan, Savitr, Dhatr, Prajapati, and Vishvakarman, due to his role as a fashioner.[2]
See also[edit | edit source]
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Dalal, Roshen (2014-04-15). The Vedas: An Introduction to Hinduism's Sacred Texts. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-763-7.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1897). "Abstract Gods". In Bühler, G. (ed.). Vedic Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 116–118.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Witt Griswold, Harvey; Farquhar, J. N. (1923). The Religion of the Rigveda. Oxford University Press. p. 276.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Stephanie Jamison (2015). The Rigveda –– Earliest Religious Poetry of India. Oxford University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0190633394.
- ↑ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 1090.
- ↑ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 837.
- ↑ Jamison, S. W.; Witzel, M. (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
External links[edit | edit source]
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