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{{Short description|Pakistani army officer (1910–1948)}}
{{Short description|Pakistani army officer (1910–1948)}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]
| name          = Muhammad Sarwar
| name          = Muhammad Sarwar
| honorific_suffix = [[File:Nishan-e-Haider Medal.png|70px]]<br>'''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]'''<br>[[Nishan-e-Haider|NH]]
| honorific_suffix = <br>'''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]'''<br>[[Nishan-e-Haider|NH]]
| image        = Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg
| image        = Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg
| image_upright =  
| image_upright =  
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}}
}}


[[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] '''Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nq|راجہ محمد سرور}}}} ; 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider|'''NH''']], [[Burma Star|BS]]}}, best known as '''Muhammad Sarwar''',<ref name=ref2>{{cite web|url=http://pakistan360degrees.com/?s=Captain+Muhammad|title=Profile of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar|publisher=Pakistan 360 degrees website|author=Maira S|date=31 May 2011|access-date=4 November 2022}}</ref> was an officer in the [[Pakistan Army]] who was cited with the first [[Nishan-e-Haider|Nishan-i-Haider]] for his gallantry and actions of valor during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|first war]] between India and Pakistan in 1947–48.<ref name=PakistanToday>[https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/27/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistans-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered/ Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered] Pakistan Today (newspaper), Published 27 July 2016, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref>
[[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] '''Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nq|راجہ محمد سرور}}}} ; 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider|'''NH''']], [[Burma Star|BS]]}}, best known as '''Muhammad Sarwar''',<ref name=ref2>{{cite web|url=http://pakistan360degrees.com/?s=Captain+Muhammad|title=Profile of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar|publisher=Pakistan 360 degrees website|author=Maira S|date=31 May 2011|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> was an officer in the [[Pakistan Army]] who was cited with the first [[Nishan-e-Haider|Nishan-i-Haider]] for his gallantry and actions of valor during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|first war]] between India and Pakistan in 1947–48.<ref name=PakistanToday>[https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/27/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistans-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered/ Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered] Pakistan Today (newspaper), Published 27 July 2016, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==


Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti was born in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India]] in [[British Indian Empire]] on 10 November 1910, according to his tombstone.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar">{{cite web |title=Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S4Uy33mqEe4/WHDrjVgObRI/AAAAAAAAIAg/dqt1NkHirPMu-ynqNK665_DhTENdwYySQCLcB/s1600/Captain%2BSarwar%2BShaheed%2B2016.12.14%2B%2528108%2529.jpg |access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref><!-------------Blogspot but we are only concern with the picture and biotaph written in Urdu.------------> He was a [[military brat]] whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan Bhatti, was an [[Military enlistment|enlist]] in the [[British Indian Army]], retiring at rank of ''[[Havildar]]''.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> His family hailed from a Muslim-caste of the [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Rajput]] tribe.<ref name=ref2/>
Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti was born in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India]] in [[British Indian Empire]] on 10 November 1910, according to his tombstone.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar">{{cite web |title=Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S4Uy33mqEe4/WHDrjVgObRI/AAAAAAAAIAg/dqt1NkHirPMu-ynqNK665_DhTENdwYySQCLcB/s1600/Captain%2BSarwar%2BShaheed%2B2016.12.14%2B%2528108%2529.jpg |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref><!-------------Blogspot but we are only concern with the picture and biotaph written in Urdu.------------> He was a [[military brat]] whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan Bhatti, was an [[Military enlistment|enlist]] in the [[British Indian Army]], retiring at rank of ''[[Havildar]]''.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> His family hailed from a Muslim-caste of the [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Rajput]] tribe.<ref name=ref2/>


He was educated in government-run schools in [[Rawalpindi District]] and secured his [[Matriculation in India|matriculation]] from a local school in [[Faisalabad]] in 1928.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After graduation, he followed his father, [[Havildar]] Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1929 as a [[Sepoy]], where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the [[10th Baluch Regiment|10th Baloch Regiment]] (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the [[Baloch Regiment]] (present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)).<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reacting the one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted as the [[Naib Subedar]] and posted in supply and ammunition with the [[Pakistan Army Service Corps]] in 1939.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>
He was educated in government-run schools in [[Rawalpindi District]] and secured his [[Matriculation in India|matriculation]] from a local school in [[Faisalabad]] in 1928.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After graduation, he followed his father, [[Havildar]] Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1929 as a [[Sepoy]], where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the [[10th Baluch Regiment|10th Baloch Regiment]] (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the [[Baloch Regiment]] (present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)).<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reacting the one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted as the [[Naib Subedar]] and posted in supply and ammunition with the [[Pakistan Army Service Corps]] in 1939.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>
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In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar was posted in an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment — he was promoted as [[Lieutenant (United States)|Lieutenant]] in 1945–46.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Lt. Sarwar was known to be "a serious man with no nonsense and deeply religious who would practice his religion, [[Islam]], devotedly and offered [[Muslim prayers|five prayers]] everyday, first offering the [[Fajr prayer|prayer before sunrise]] and concluding with the [[Witr|very last midnight prayer]]."<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>
In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar was posted in an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment — he was promoted as [[Lieutenant (United States)|Lieutenant]] in 1945–46.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Lt. Sarwar was known to be "a serious man with no nonsense and deeply religious who would practice his religion, [[Islam]], devotedly and offered [[Muslim prayers|five prayers]] everyday, first offering the [[Fajr prayer|prayer before sunrise]] and concluding with the [[Witr|very last midnight prayer]]."<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>


In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted as [[Captain (army)|army captain]] and decided to attend the signal course before Capt. Sarwar was recommissioned in the [[Pakistan Army Corps of Signals]] in 1947, and directed towards attending the [[Military College of Signals]].<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After hearing the news of the [[First Kashmir War|first war]] between India and Pakistan over [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], Capt. Sarwar immediately wanted volunteered but refrained due to his officers wanted him to complete his schooling on the [[military signals]], which he completed after a year.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In 1948, Capt. Sarwar took over the command of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]] of the Pakistan Army as its commanding officer and was deployed on frontline.<ref name="pakarmymuseum">{{cite web |title=CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED) |url=http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed/ |website=www.pakarmymuseum.com |publisher=pakarmymuseum |access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref>
In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted as [[Captain (army)|army captain]] and decided to attend the signal course before Capt. Sarwar was recommissioned in the [[Pakistan Army Corps of Signals]] in 1947, and directed towards attending the [[Military College of Signals]].<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After hearing the news of the [[First Kashmir War|first war]] between India and Pakistan over [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], Capt. Sarwar immediately wanted volunteered but refrained due to his officers wanted him to complete his schooling on the [[military signals]], which he completed after a year.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In 1948, Capt. Sarwar took over the command of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]] of the Pakistan Army as its commanding officer and was deployed on frontline.<ref name="pakarmymuseum">{{cite web |title=CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED) |url=http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed/ |website=www.pakarmymuseum.com |publisher=pakarmymuseum |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref>


A [[Infantry|march]] towards the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] town of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] was commenced under Capt. Sarwar, and led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to [[Retreat (military)|retreat]] from the [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] to [[Ladakh, India|Ladakh]] on 26 July 1948.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> Capt. Sarwar's company followed the retreated Indian Army's troops to the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] sector.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin their mortar shelling at his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947">{{cite book |last1=Mirza |first1=Yaqub |title=The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |date=1947 |publisher=National Book Foundation |location=Karachi, Sin. Pakistan |isbn=9789693701784 |pages=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf5tAAAAMAAJ&q=+barbed+wires. |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en-us |format=snippet view}}</ref> Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to the [[barbed wire]]s and decided to move to cut the wires with only taking six men alongside.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/> During the firefight, Capt. Sarwar used the [[bolt cutter]] to cut their [[barbed wire]]s and due to the downpour of shelling,  taking a bullet with a machine gun fire.{{rp|89}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/>
A [[Infantry|march]] towards the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] town of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] was commenced under Capt. Sarwar, and led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to [[Retreat (military)|retreat]] from the [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] to [[Ladakh, India|Ladakh]] on 26 July 1948.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> Capt. Sarwar's company followed the retreated Indian Army's troops to the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] sector.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin their mortar shelling at his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947">{{cite book |last1=Mirza |first1=Yaqub |title=The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |date=1947 |publisher=National Book Foundation |location=Karachi, Sin. Pakistan |isbn=9789693701784 |pages=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf5tAAAAMAAJ&q=+barbed+wires. |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en-us |format=snippet view}}</ref> Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to the [[barbed wire]]s and decided to move to cut the wires with only taking six men alongside.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/> During the firefight, Capt. Sarwar used the [[bolt cutter]] to cut their [[barbed wire]]s and due to the downpour of shelling,  taking a bullet with a machine gun fire.{{rp|89}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/>
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===Family background and personal life===
===Family background and personal life===


Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the [[British Indian Army]] and was decorated with the British war medal for [[Indian Army in World War I|his services]] in the [[World War I]]– Muhammad Hayat retired as a ''[[Havildar]]'' [[Sergeant (United States)|Sergeant]] and died on 23 November 1932.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019">{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Shaheed |title=Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed,Nishan-e-HAIDAR[AS]... - SFP News |url=http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/foundationnews.asp?id=3264 |website=www.shaheedfoundation.org |publisher=Shaheed Foundation |access-date=8 March 2019 |language=en-us |date=27 July 2022}}</ref> Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.<ref name=TNI/> Raja Muhammad Sarwar married in arranged marriage in 1936 and had a son and a daughter from that marriage.<ref name=TNI/>
Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the [[British Indian Army]] and was decorated with the British war medal for [[Indian Army in World War I|his services]] in the [[World War I]]– Muhammad Hayat retired as a ''[[Havildar]]'' [[Sergeant (United States)|Sergeant]] and died on 23 November 1932.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019">{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Shaheed |title=Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed,Nishan-e-HAIDAR[AS]... - SFP News |url=http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/foundationnews.asp?id=3264 |website=www.shaheedfoundation.org |publisher=Shaheed Foundation |access-date=8 March 2019 |language=en-us |date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.<ref name=TNI/> Raja Muhammad Sarwar married in arranged marriage in 1936 and had a son and a daughter from that marriage.<ref name=TNI/>


== Nishan-e-Haider ==
== Nishan-e-Haider ==
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=== Citation ===
=== Citation ===
:Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] declared ''Jihad'' in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's [[Military College of Signals|School of Signals]]. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered  to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and  advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the  assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be  posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Amir |first1=Tariq |title=Pakistan Geotagging: Monument of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed: Nishan e Haider |url=http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.com/2017/01/monument-of-captain-raja-muhammad.html |website=Pakistan Geotagging |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=12 January 2022}}</ref><!--Rough translation from Urdu to American English.-------->
:Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] declared ''Jihad'' in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's [[Military College of Signals|School of Signals]]. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered  to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and  advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the  assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be  posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Amir |first1=Tariq |title=Pakistan Geotagging: Monument of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed: Nishan e Haider |url=http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.com/2017/01/monument-of-captain-raja-muhammad.html |website=Pakistan Geotagging |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=12 January 2017}}</ref><!--Rough translation from Urdu to American English.-------->


In 1967, the [[Government of Pakistan|federal government]] later established the marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his career highlights in the military and martyrdom to the [[Pakistani society|civil society]] with additional funding was later secured by Imtiaz Warraich, the [[Member of Parliament|MP]] on the platform of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] to expand the facility in his memory in 1990— the marble tomb is located near his locality.<ref name="The Nation, 2016">{{cite news |title=Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered |url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Jul-2016/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistan-s-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered |access-date=9 March 2019 |work=The Nation |agency=The Nation |publisher=The Nation |date=27 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="urdubiography">{{cite web |title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu |url=https://www.urdubiography.com/national-heroes/captain-sarwar-shaheed.html |website=www.urdubiography.com |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref>
In 1967, the [[Government of Pakistan|federal government]] later established the marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his career highlights in the military and martyrdom to the [[Pakistani society|civil society]] with additional funding was later secured by Imtiaz Warraich, the [[Member of Parliament|MP]] on the platform of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] to expand the facility in his memory in 1990— the marble tomb is located near his locality.<ref name="The Nation, 2016">{{cite news |title=Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered |url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Jul-2016/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistan-s-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered |access-date=9 March 2019 |work=The Nation |agency=The Nation |publisher=The Nation |date=27 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="urdubiography">{{cite web |title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu |url=https://www.urdubiography.com/national-heroes/captain-sarwar-shaheed.html |website=www.urdubiography.com |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>


==In memory==
==In memory==
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In 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in [[Lahore]], Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575 From the past pages of Dawn (newspaper): Fifty years ago: War paintings show] Dawn (newspaper), Published 24 April 2018, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref>
In 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in [[Lahore]], Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575 From the past pages of Dawn (newspaper): Fifty years ago: War paintings show] Dawn (newspaper), Published 24 April 2018, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref>


In 1991, he was subjected a biographical war telefilm, "''Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed''" produced and directed by the Qasim Jilali of the [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Drama Serial Nishan-e-Haider "Major Tufail Mohammad Shaheed" Pakistan Army (Complete) |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmeeIcYP9Cw |access-date=7 March 2019 |date=8 September 2022}}</ref> In addition, the federal government established the community college, the [[Sarwar Shaheed College]], in his honor near his birthplace in the [[Gujar Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarwar Shaheed College - College & University {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sarwar-Shaheed-College/111826748829175 |website=www.facebook.com |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref>
In 1991, he was subjected a biographical war telefilm, "''Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed''" produced and directed by the Qasim Jilali of the [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Drama Serial Nishan-e-Haider "Major Tufail Mohammad Shaheed" Pakistan Army (Complete) |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmeeIcYP9Cw |access-date=7 March 2019 |date=8 September 2012}}</ref> In addition, the federal government established the community college, the [[Sarwar Shaheed College]], in his honor near his birthplace in the [[Gujar Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarwar Shaheed College - College & University {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sarwar-Shaheed-College/111826748829175 |website=www.facebook.com |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>


===Galleries===
===Galleries===
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=Staff Writer |title=Captain Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://www.ispr.gov.pk/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed.php |website=www.ispr.gov.pk |publisher=ISPR |access-date=8 March 2022}}
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=Staff Writer |title=Captain Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://www.ispr.gov.pk/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed.php |website=www.ispr.gov.pk |publisher=ISPR |access-date=8 March 2019}}
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=PTV |title=Telefilm: Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdhxKJ0tSVM |website=www.youtube.com/ |publisher=ISPR |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=4 February 2022}}
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=PTV |title=Telefilm: Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdhxKJ0tSVM |website=www.youtube.com/ |publisher=ISPR |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=4 February 2017}}
{{Nishan-e-Haider}}
{{Nishan-e-Haider}}
{{Military of Pakistan}}
{{Military of Pakistan}}

Latest revision as of 11:20, 26 July 2023


Captain

Muhammad Sarwar


Nishan-e-Haider
NH
File:Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg
Sarwar, drawn posthumously in 1967
Birth nameRaja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti
Born(1910-11-10)10 November 1910
Singhori village, Rawalpindi District, Punjab, British India
(Present day Punjab, Pakistan)
Died27 July 1948(1948-07-27) (aged 37)
Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Buried
Hill of Tilpatra near Uri, Jammu and Kashmir in India
Allegiance British India
 Pakistan
Branch/serviceEnsign of the Royal Indian Army Service Corps.svg British Indian Army (1929–1947)
Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg Pakistan Army (1947–1948)
Years of service1929–48
RankOF-2 Pakistan Army.svg Captain
UnitBadge of 1st Punjab Regiment 1945-56.jpg 2/1st Punjab Regiment
2 Punjab Regiment
Battles/warsBurma Campaign in 1944–45
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–48 †
AwardsNishan-e-Haider.png Nishan-e-Haider
Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png Pakistan Medal
1939–1945 Star.png 1939-1945 Star
Burma Star BAR.svg Burma Star
Ribbon - War Medal.png War Medal 1939-1945
MemorialsG.T. Road near the Gujar Khan Tehsil, Rawalpindi District, Punjab in Pakistan

Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti (Urdu: راجہ محمد سرور‎ ; 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) NH, BS, best known as Muhammad Sarwar,[1] was an officer in the Pakistan Army who was cited with the first Nishan-i-Haider for his gallantry and actions of valor during the first war between India and Pakistan in 1947–48.[2]

Biography[edit]

Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti was born in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the Gujar Khan Tehsil, Rawalpindi District, Punjab, British India in British Indian Empire on 10 November 1910, according to his tombstone.[3] He was a military brat whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan Bhatti, was an enlist in the British Indian Army, retiring at rank of Havildar.[3] His family hailed from a Muslim-caste of the Punjabi Rajput tribe.[1]

He was educated in government-run schools in Rawalpindi District and secured his matriculation from a local school in Faisalabad in 1928.[3] After graduation, he followed his father, Havildar Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the British Indian Army in 1929 as a Sepoy, where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the 10th Baloch Regiment (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the Baloch Regiment (present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)).[3] From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reacting the one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted as the Naib Subedar and posted in supply and ammunition with the Pakistan Army Service Corps in 1939.[3]

In 1939, Sarwar was invited to attend the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun and completed his military training before gaining commission in the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Punjab Regiment (2/1st Punjab Regiment) of the British Indian Army in 1943.[3] In 1944, 2nd-Lt. Sarwar briefly served in the Burma, serving with distinction in the military operations in 1944–45 that earned him the Burma Star by the British administrations in Delhi in India.[4]

In 1944, 2nd-Lt. Sarwar was posted in an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment — he was promoted as Lieutenant in 1945–46.[3] In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Lt. Sarwar was known to be "a serious man with no nonsense and deeply religious who would practice his religion, Islam, devotedly and offered five prayers everyday, first offering the prayer before sunrise and concluding with the very last midnight prayer."[3]

In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted as army captain and decided to attend the signal course before Capt. Sarwar was recommissioned in the Pakistan Army Corps of Signals in 1947, and directed towards attending the Military College of Signals.[3] After hearing the news of the first war between India and Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir, Capt. Sarwar immediately wanted volunteered but refrained due to his officers wanted him to complete his schooling on the military signals, which he completed after a year.[3] In 1948, Capt. Sarwar took over the command of the 2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment of the Pakistan Army as its commanding officer and was deployed on frontline.[5]

A march towards the Uri town of the Jammu and Kashmir was commenced under Capt. Sarwar, and led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to retreat from the Gilgit-Baltistan to Ladakh on 26 July 1948.[4] Capt. Sarwar's company followed the retreated Indian Army's troops to the Uri region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in the Uri sector.[4] His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin their mortar shelling at his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.:88[6] Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to the barbed wires and decided to move to cut the wires with only taking six men alongside.:88[6] During the firefight, Capt. Sarwar used the bolt cutter to cut their barbed wires and due to the downpour of shelling, taking a bullet with a machine gun fire.:89[6]

On 27 July 1948, Capt. Sarwar was killed while clearing the passage– he was 38 years old at the time of his death.:188[7]

Family background and personal life[edit]

Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the British Indian Army and was decorated with the British war medal for his services in the World War I– Muhammad Hayat retired as a Havildar Sergeant and died on 23 November 1932.[4] Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.[8] Raja Muhammad Sarwar married in arranged marriage in 1936 and had a son and a daughter from that marriage.[8]

Nishan-e-Haider[edit]

The monument of Capt. Raja Muhammad Sarwar at his locality near the GT Road near Mandra

The body of Capt. Sarwar is buried at the Hill of Tilpatra which is near the Uri in Indian Kashmir where he was buried on 27 July 1948.[3] It was on 23 March 1956 when the Government of Pakistan recognized his services as the Parliament of Pakistan authorized to posthumously award the Nishan-E-Haider (Eng. lit. Emblem of the Lion) for his meritorious services, which was awarded to him by the President of Pakistan.[2][9][8] The Presidential Nishan-e-Haider citation on his grave is written in Urdu; and it reads with translation as:

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Citation[edit]

Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared Jihad in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's School of Signals. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.[10]

In 1967, the federal government later established the marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his career highlights in the military and martyrdom to the civil society with additional funding was later secured by Imtiaz Warraich, the MP on the platform of the Pakistan Muslim League (N) to expand the facility in his memory in 1990— the marble tomb is located near his locality.[11][12]

In memory[edit]

In 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in Lahore, Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.[13]

In 1991, he was subjected a biographical war telefilm, "Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed" produced and directed by the Qasim Jilali of the PTV.[14] In addition, the federal government established the community college, the Sarwar Shaheed College, in his honor near his birthplace in the Gujar Khan.[15]

Galleries[edit]

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Awards and Decorations[edit]

Nishan-e-Haider Recipient
File:Nishan-e-Haider Medal.png
Raja Muhammad Sarwar received
the Nishan-e-Haider Award
DateAwarded in 1956
CountryIslamic Republic of Pakistan
Presented byPresident Iskandar Mirza
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Nishan-e-Haider

(Emblem of the Lion)

1947-48 War

Posthumously

Pakistan Tamgha

(Pakistan Medal)

1947

1939-1945 Star Burma Star War Medal

1939-1945

India Service Medal

1939–1945

Foreign Decorations[edit]

Foreign Awards
 UK 1939-1945 Star Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Burma Star Template:Ribbon devices/alt
War Medal 1939-1945 Template:Ribbon devices/alt
India Service Medal 1939–1945 Template:Ribbon devices/alt

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Maira S (31 May 2011). "Profile of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar". Pakistan 360 degrees website. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered Pakistan Today (newspaper), Published 27 July 2016, Retrieved 4 November 2018
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 "Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar". Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Foundation, Shaheed (27 July 2018). "Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed,Nishan-e-HAIDAR[AS]... - SFP News". www.shaheedfoundation.org. Shaheed Foundation. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  5. ↑ "CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED)". www.pakarmymuseum.com. pakarmymuseum. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Mirza, Yaqub (1947). The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (snippet view). Karachi, Sin. Pakistan: National Book Foundation. p. 115. ISBN 9789693701784. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  7. ↑ Singh, Brig Jasbir (2010). Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974. Lancer Publishers. p. 291. ISBN 9781935501183. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Captain Sarwar Shaheed remembered The News International (newspaper), Published 11 December 2017, Retrieved 4 November 2018
  9. ↑ Profile of Raja Muhammad Sarwar on shaheedfoundation.org website Archived 12 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 4 November 2018
  10. ↑ Amir, Tariq (12 January 2017). "Pakistan Geotagging: Monument of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed: Nishan e Haider". Pakistan Geotagging. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  11. ↑ "Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered". The Nation. The Nation. The Nation. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  12. ↑ "Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu". www.urdubiography.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  13. ↑ From the past pages of Dawn (newspaper): Fifty years ago: War paintings show Dawn (newspaper), Published 24 April 2018, Retrieved 4 November 2018
  14. ↑ "Drama Serial Nishan-e-Haider "Major Tufail Mohammad Shaheed" Pakistan Army (Complete)". YouTube. 8 September 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  15. ↑ "Sarwar Shaheed College - College & University | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.

External links[edit]

Template:Nishan-e-Haider Template:Military of Pakistan

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