Marathwada: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Segmented region of the Kingdom of Hyderabad}} | {{short description|Segmented region of the Kingdom of Hyderabad}} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
| bodyclass = geography | | bodyclass = geography | ||
| headerstyle | | headerstyle = background:#ccf; | ||
| labelstyle | | labelstyle = background:#fff; | ||
| above = Aurangabad division | |||
| | | title = Marathwada | ||
| image | | image = [[File:Aurangabad Division.png|center|300 px]]<small>Location of Marathwada in [[Maharashtra]]</small> | ||
{{Photomontage | {{Photomontage | ||
| photo1a = Aurangabad,_Bibi_Ka_Maqbara_(9842174586).jpg | | photo1a = Aurangabad,_Bibi_Ka_Maqbara_(9842174586).jpg | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| size = 260 | | size = 260 | ||
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top : [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]], [[Hazur Sahib|Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara]], Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]], Shiva temple in [[Ellora Caves]]}} | | foot_montage = Clockwise from top : [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]], [[Hazur Sahib|Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara]], Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]], Shiva temple in [[Ellora Caves]]}} | ||
| label1 | | label1 = Districts | ||
| data1 | | data1 = [[Aurangabad District, Maharashtra|SAurangabad]],<br/>[[Beed district|Beed]],<br/>[[Hingoli district|Hingoli]],<br/>[[Jalna district|Jalna]],<br/>[[Latur district|Latur]],<br/>[[Nanded district|Nanded]],<br/>[[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]],<br/>[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]] | ||
| label2 | | label2 = Largest city | ||
| data2 | | data2 = [[Aurangabad]] | ||
| label3 | | label3 = Division | ||
| data3 | | data3 = [[Aurangabad division|Aurangabad division]] | ||
| label4 | | label4 = Area | ||
| data4 | | data4 = {{convert|64590|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | ||
| label5 | | label5 = Population (2011) | ||
| data5 | | data5 = 18,731,872<ref name=Census2011>{{cite web|title=District wise Demography|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/maharashtra.html|publisher=Census 2011|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> | ||
| label6 | | label6 = Density <small>(per km²)</small> | ||
| data6 | | data6 = 354<ref name=Census2011/> | ||
| label7 | | label7 = Literacy | ||
| data7 | | data7 = 76.27%<ref name=Census2011/> | ||
| label8 | | label8 = Sex Ratio | ||
| data8 | | data8 = 932<ref name=Census2011/> | ||
|Language=|subdivision type=|Subdivision_name=|Subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=India|subdivision_type1=[[States and territories of India|State]]|Subdivision_name1=Maharashtra|Data9=}} | | Language = | ||
| subdivision type = | |||
| Subdivision_name = | |||
| Subdivision_type = Country | |||
| subdivision_name = India | |||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | |||
| Subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra | |||
| Data9 = | |||
}} | |||
'''Marathwada''' ({{IPA-mr|məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa|Marathi}}) is a region of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Marathwada was formed during the [[Nizams]] and was part of the then [[Hyderabad State]]. The region coincides with the [[Aurangabad Division]] of Maharashtra. It borders the states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Telangana]], and it lies to the west of the [[Vidarbha]] and east of [[ | '''Marathwada'''({{IPA-mr|məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa|Marathi}}) is a region of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Marathwada was formed during the [[Nizams]] and was part of the then [[Hyderabad State]]. The region coincides with the [[Aurangabad division|Aurangabad Division]] of Maharashtra. It borders the states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Telangana]], and it lies to the west of the [[Vidarbha]] and east of [[North Maharashtra]] regions of Maharashtra. The largest city of Marathwada is [[Aurangabad|Aurangabad]]. Its people speak [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]]. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| Line 45: | Line 53: | ||
==Demography== | ==Demography== | ||
Marathwada has total area of 64590 km<sup>2</sup> and had a population of 18,731,872 at the [[2011 census of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Population Census data 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/maharashtra.html|publisher=Government of India|access-date=11 April 2015}}</ref>{{efn|Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.}} | Marathwada has total area of 64590 km<sup>2</sup> and had a population of 18,731,872 at the [[2011 census of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Population Census data 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/maharashtra.html|publisher=Government of India|access-date=11 April 2015}}</ref>{{efn|Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.}} | ||
{{Pie chart | |||
|caption = Languages of Marathwada (2011) | |||
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 77.98 |color1 = red | |||
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 9.56 |color2 = green | |||
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 6.49 |color3 = orange | |||
|label4 = [[Lambadi]] |value4 = 3.20 |color4 = khaki | |||
|label5 = Others |value5 = 2.77 |color5 = grey | |||
}} | |||
At the time of the 2011 census, the territory making up Marathwada had a variety of languages. 77.98% of the population spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 9.56% [[Urdu]], 6.49% [[Hindi]] and 3.20% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref> | |||
==Under Nizams rule== | ==Under Nizams rule== | ||
The region of Hingoli and Aurangabad were a major hub for the military stations and depot during the time of Nizam as well as during the British rule. Also [[Hyderabad State]] took special work to build Dams, modify and renovate the existing underwater system, particularly in Aurangabad. Major works were undertaken to built railways([[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]) connecting the city of Hyderabad to Bombay via Aurangabad. Handlooms and paper factories were established in Kaghzipura near Aurangabad. Religious sites were developed in [[Khuldabad]]. | The region of Hingoli and Aurangabad were a major hub for the military stations and depot during the time of Nizam as well as during the British rule. Also [[Hyderabad State]] took special work to build Dams, modify and renovate the existing underwater system, particularly in Aurangabad. Major works were undertaken to built railways ([[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]) connecting the city of Hyderabad to Bombay(now Mumbai) via Aurangabad. Handlooms and paper factories were established in Kaghzipura near Aurangabad. Religious sites were developed in [[Khuldabad]]. | ||
Temporary guest houses were built for Sikh devotees in Nanded which lies in ruins due to neglect by the government authorities. Also roads connecting to Ahmedabad were initiated.<ref name=Nizam>{{cite web|title=MAU|url=http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|publisher=mkv|access-date=24 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518022708/http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Temporary guest houses were built for Sikh devotees in Nanded which lies in ruins due to neglect by the government authorities. Also roads connecting to Ahmedabad were initiated.<ref name=Nizam>{{cite web|title=MAU|url=http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|publisher=mkv|access-date=24 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518022708/http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
| Line 53: | Line 71: | ||
==Cities and districts== | ==Cities and districts== | ||
===Major cities of Marathwada region=== | ===Major cities of Marathwada region=== | ||
All the cities below have population of more than 100,000 with | All the cities below have population of more than 100,000 with Sambhaji Nagar having 1.1 million inhabitants per the 2011 census. | ||
*[[Aurangabad]] | *[[Aurangabad|Aurangabad]] | ||
*[[Nanded]] | *[[Nanded]] | ||
*[[Latur]] | *[[Latur]] | ||
| Line 60: | Line 78: | ||
*[[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] | *[[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] | ||
*[[Beed]] | *[[Beed]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Dharashiv]] | ||
===Districts=== | ===Districts=== | ||
| Line 69: | Line 87: | ||
*[[Latur district|Latur]] | *[[Latur district|Latur]] | ||
*[[Nanded district|Nanded]] | *[[Nanded district|Nanded]] | ||
*[[Osmanabad district| | *[[Osmanabad district|Dharashiv]] | ||
*[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]] | *[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]] | ||
| Line 81: | Line 99: | ||
[[File:Cave 26, Ajanta.jpg|thumb|Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]] in cave number 26]] | [[File:Cave 26, Ajanta.jpg|thumb|Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]] in cave number 26]] | ||
[[File:Bibi ka Maqbara.JPG|thumb|[[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], also known as mini | [[File:Bibi ka Maqbara.JPG|thumb|[[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], also known as mini Taj Mahal]] | ||
[[File:Hazur Sahib.jpg|thumb|alt=Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara Nanded|[[Hazur Sahib Nanded]]]] | [[File:Hazur Sahib.jpg|thumb|alt=Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara Nanded|[[Hazur Sahib Nanded]]]] | ||
The state government recognises Aurangabad as the "Tourism Capital of Maharashtra".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/headlines.php |title=World News Headlines |publisher=Newkerala.com |access-date=2015-05-29}}</ref> There are various [[Tourist attractions in | The state government recognises [[Aurangabad|Sambhaji Nagar]] (formerly known Aurangabad) as the "[[Aurangabad|Tourism Capital of Maharashtra]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/headlines.php |title=World News Headlines |publisher=Newkerala.com |access-date=2015-05-29}}</ref> There are various [[List of tourist attractions in Aurangabad|Tourist attractions in Sambhaji Nagar]]. Other places visited by tourists are: | ||
{{columns-list| | {{columns-list| | ||
* [[Ajanta Caves]] | * [[Ajanta Caves]] | ||
| Line 101: | Line 119: | ||
* [[Parli, Maharashtra|Parli]] | * [[Parli, Maharashtra|Parli]] | ||
* [[Tuljapur]] | * [[Tuljapur]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Yogeshwari]], [[Mukundraj]], [[Ambajogai]] | ||
* [[Dharur, Beed]] | * [[Dharur, Beed]] | ||
* [[Samarth Ramdas|Jamb samarth]], [[Jalna district]] | * [[Samarth Ramdas|Jamb samarth]], [[Jalna district]] | ||
| Line 108: | Line 126: | ||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
Marathwada has four government medical colleges, situated at Aurangabad, Latur, Nanded and Ambajogai. | Marathwada has four government medical colleges, situated at Aurangabad (now Sambhaji Nagar), Latur, Nanded and Ambajogai. | ||
The region also has good government engineering colleges such as SGGS Nanded, Aurangabad Government Engineering College. | The region also has good government engineering colleges such as SGGS Nanded, Aurangabad Government Engineering College. | ||
It also has three major universities, being [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]] at | It also has three major universities, being [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]] at Sambhaji Nagar, [[Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University]] at [[Parbhani]], and [[Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University]] at Nanded.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} | ||
The foundation of agricultural research in Marathwada region of [[Hyderabad state]] was laid by the by the 7th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] ''[[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]'' with the commencement of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in [[Parbhani]]. During the [[Nizam]]'s rule agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centers for sorghum, cotton and fruits existed in Parbhani. After [[Independence of India|independence]], this facility was developed further by the Indian government which was renamed as [[Marathwada Agriculture University]] on 18 May 1972.<ref name="Nizam"/> | The foundation of agricultural research in Marathwada region of [[Hyderabad state]] was laid by the by the 7th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] ''[[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]'' with the commencement of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in [[Parbhani]]. During the [[Nizam]]'s rule agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centers for sorghum, cotton and fruits existed in Parbhani. After [[Independence of India|independence]], this facility was developed further by the Indian government which was renamed as [[Marathwada Agriculture University]] on 18 May 1972.<ref name="Nizam"/> The [[Institute of Chemical Technology]], [[Mumbai]] (formerly know as UDCT) has a satellite campus located in [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] which was established in 2018. | ||
==Droughts and suicide of farmers== | ==Droughts and suicide of farmers== | ||
Latest revision as of 06:38, 1 August 2023
Marathwada(Marathi pronunciation: [məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa]) is a region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Marathwada was formed during the Nizams and was part of the then Hyderabad State. The region coincides with the Aurangabad Division of Maharashtra. It borders the states of Karnataka and Telangana, and it lies to the west of the Vidarbha and east of North Maharashtra regions of Maharashtra. The largest city of Marathwada is Aurangabad. Its people speak Marathi and Urdu.
| Aurangabad division | |
|---|---|
 .jpg) .jpg)    Clockwise from top : Bibi Ka Maqbara, Aundha Nagnath Temple, Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara, Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at Ajanta Caves, Shiva temple in Ellora Caves | |
| Districts | SAurangabad, Beed, Hingoli, Jalna, Latur, Nanded, Osmanabad, Parbhani |
| Largest city | Aurangabad |
| Division | Aurangabad division |
| Area | 64,590 km2 (24,940 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | 18,731,872[1] |
| Density (per km²) | 354[1] |
| Literacy | 76.27%[1] |
| Sex Ratio | 932[1] |
EtymologyEdit
The term Marathwada means the house of Marathi speaking people, that is land occupied by the Marathi-speaking population of the former Hyderabad state during the period of Nizam's rule. The term can be traced to 18th century state records of the Nizam of Hyderabad.[2]
DemographyEdit
Marathwada has total area of 64590 km2 and had a population of 18,731,872 at the 2011 census of India.[3][lower-alpha 1]
At the time of the 2011 census, the territory making up Marathwada had a variety of languages. 77.98% of the population spoke Marathi, 9.56% Urdu, 6.49% Hindi and 3.20% Lambadi as their first language.[4]
Under Nizams ruleEdit
The region of Hingoli and Aurangabad were a major hub for the military stations and depot during the time of Nizam as well as during the British rule. Also Hyderabad State took special work to build Dams, modify and renovate the existing underwater system, particularly in Aurangabad. Major works were undertaken to built railways (Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway) connecting the city of Hyderabad to Bombay(now Mumbai) via Aurangabad. Handlooms and paper factories were established in Kaghzipura near Aurangabad. Religious sites were developed in Khuldabad.
Temporary guest houses were built for Sikh devotees in Nanded which lies in ruins due to neglect by the government authorities. Also roads connecting to Ahmedabad were initiated.[5]
Cities and districtsEdit
Major cities of Marathwada regionEdit
All the cities below have population of more than 100,000 with Sambhaji Nagar having 1.1 million inhabitants per the 2011 census.
DistrictsEdit
There are Municipal Corporations at Aurangabad Municipal Corporation,[6] Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation,[7] Latur Municipal Corporation, and Parbhani Municipal Corporation.[8]
TourismEdit
The state government recognises Sambhaji Nagar (formerly known Aurangabad) as the "Tourism Capital of Maharashtra".[9] There are various Tourist attractions in Sambhaji Nagar. Other places visited by tourists are:
EducationEdit
Marathwada has four government medical colleges, situated at Aurangabad (now Sambhaji Nagar), Latur, Nanded and Ambajogai. The region also has good government engineering colleges such as SGGS Nanded, Aurangabad Government Engineering College. It also has three major universities, being Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University at Sambhaji Nagar, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University at Parbhani, and Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University at Nanded.[citation needed]
The foundation of agricultural research in Marathwada region of Hyderabad state was laid by the by the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan with the commencement of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in Parbhani. During the Nizam's rule agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centers for sorghum, cotton and fruits existed in Parbhani. After independence, this facility was developed further by the Indian government which was renamed as Marathwada Agriculture University on 18 May 1972.[5] The Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai (formerly know as UDCT) has a satellite campus located in Jalna which was established in 2018.
Droughts and suicide of farmersEdit
Marathwada is affected by frequent anomalies in rainfall during Monsoon season, which accounts for almost 80 percent of the annual rainfall. The average annual rainfall over the division is 882 mm. Almost three-fourths of the Marathwada division is covered by farmlands. Hence, drought continues to have a considerable impact on the life of farmers.[10]
In some Marathwada districts recurring droughts have forced people to drink fluoride-contaminated groundwater from borewells which has inflicted debilitating fluorosis on many. [11]
The region also sees high instances of farmer suicides. According to government records, 422 farmers in Marathwada committed suicide in 2014. This was because of their inability to bear crop losses and a financial quandary made acute by water scarcity and an agrarian crisis.[12] 2014 was the third consecutive year of low rainfall, and when rainfall did occur it was sometimes untimely and damaged crops. Of the 422 suicides, 252 cases were due to an inability to repay agricultural loans. There have been more than 117 farmer suicides in the first two months of 2017.[12] According to a study by IIT Bombay, the severe or extreme droughts have frequently occurred in major portions of Marathwada, in the last few decades.[10]
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Notes
- ↑ Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.
Citations
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "District wise Demography". Census 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ↑ Kate, P. V. (1987). Marathwada under the Nizams, 1724-1948. Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. p. 3. ISBN 978-8170990178.
- ↑ "Maharashtra Population Census data 2011". Government of India. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ↑ 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "MAU". mkv. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "NWCMC Home Page". Nwcmc.gov.in. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ↑ "Index of /".
- ↑ "World News Headlines". Newkerala.com. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Swain, S; et al. (2017). "Application of SPI, EDI and PNPI using MSWEP precipitation data over Marathwada, India". IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2017: 5505–5507. doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8128250. ISBN 978-1-5090-4951-6. S2CID 26920225.
- ↑ "Marathwada's troubled waters harm your bones". People's Archive of Rural India.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Jog, Sanjay (5 December 2014). "422 farmer suicides in 2014 in Marathwada gives BJP govt the jitters | Business Standard News". Business Standard India. Business-standard.com. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
Further readingEdit
- Beyond Economic Development: A Case Study of Marathwada
- Vidarbha and Marathwada: Trapped in a vicious cycle -Hindustan Times
- Cane cultivation leaving Marathwada bone dry: Study -The Times of India
- Photo-essay on the 2016 drought in Marathwada
- Have India's farm suicides really declined? -BBC article
- In worst drought year, Marathwada emerges new suicide region -Indian Express
- ‘Wrong method used to calculate Vidarbha, Marathwada backlog’ - The Times of India
- Lucien D. Benichou (1 January 2000). From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State, 1938-1948. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-250-1847-6.
- Human Development Report 2002 - Maharashtra (India)