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{{Infobox settlement
{{Short description|Forest in Jharkhand, India}}
| name                   = Saranda forest
{{Infobox forest
| native_name            =
| name = Saranda forest
| native_name_lang        =  
| alt_name =  
| other_name              =  
| iucn_category =  
| nickname                =  
| iucn_ref =
| settlement_type        = reserved forest
| image =  
| image_skyline          =  
| image_size =  
| image_alt               =  
| image_alt =  
| image_caption           =  
| image_caption =  
| pushpin_map            = India Jharkhand#India
| map = India Jharkhand#India  
| pushpin_label_position  =  
| map_width =  
| pushpin_map_alt        =  
| map_alt =  
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Jharkhand, India
| map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates             = {{coord|22.2|N|85.35|E|display=inline,title}}
| relief = yes
| subdivision_type        = Country
| location            = [[West Singhbhum district|West Singhbhum]], [[East Singhbhum district|East Singhbhum]], [[Jharkhand]], India
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|22.2|N|85.35|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| coords_ref =  
| subdivision_name1      = [[Jharkhand]]
| area = {{convert|820|km2}}
| subdivision_type2      = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| status      = Reserve Forest
| subdivision_name2      = [[West Singhbhum district|West Singhbhum]]
| established = 1882
| established_title      = <!-- Established -->
| visitation_num =  
| established_date        = 1882<ref>http://www.sarandaforest.in/</ref>
| visitation_year =  
| founder                =  
| authority      = Jharkhand Forest Department
| named_for              =  
| species         = [[Shorea robusta]]
| government_type        =
| website = http://www.sarandaforest.in/
| governing_body          =
| unit_pref              = Metric
| area_footnotes          =
| area_rank              =
| area_total_km2          = 820
| elevation_footnotes    =
| elevation_m            = 550
| population_total        =  
| population_as_of        =
| population_rank         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =
| population_footnotes    =
| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1    = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Ho people|Ho]], [[Santali language|Santhali]]
| demographics1_title2    = Regional
| demographics1_info2    = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1            = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| postal_code            =
| registration_plate      =JH
| blank1_name_sec1        = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1        = [[Jamshedpur]]
| website                 = http://www.sarandaforest.in/
| footnotes              =
}}
}}
'''Saranda forest''' is a dense forest in the hilly region of [[West Singhbhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of  [[Jharkhand]]. This area used to be the private hunting reserve of the Singh Deo family (the erstwhile royal family of [[Saraikela]]). The forest covers an area of 820&nbsp;km².<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/Saranda-Forest-16431.htm | title = Saranda Forest | accessdate = 2008-03-06 | last =  | first =  | work = | publisher = india9.com }}</ref> Saranda (Serengda) literally means water is from rock<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-_lh4Bb0ibqvWvz6z2OwBn_ORgqfEjydBmA--?cq=1&p=26  | title = Forest in the Light and Shade | accessdate = 2008-03-06 | last =  | first =  | work = | publisher = yahoo.com}}</ref> Thalkobad is a scenic village at a height of {{convert|550|m|abbr=on}} in the heart of the forest.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/Saranda-Forest-16431.htm | title = Saranda Forest | accessdate = 2008-03-06 | last =  | first =  | work = | publisher = india9.com }}</ref> Thalkobad is about {{convert|89|km|abbr=on}} from [[Chakradharpur]], {{convert|46|km|abbr=on}} from [[Manoharpur]], and about {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}} from [[Jamshedpur]].


[[Ho people]] inhabit the area, which is dotted with [[iron ore]] mining towns including [[Gua, Jharkhand|Gua]], [[Chiria]], [[Kiriburu]] and [[Noamundi]]
'''Saranda forest''' is a dense forest in the hilly region of [[West Singhbhum district|West Singhbhum]], [[East Singhbhum district|East Singhbhum]], [[Saraikela]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]]. This area used to be the private hunting reserve of the Singh Deo family (the erstwhile rulers of Saraikela). The forest covers an area of 820&nbsp;km².<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/Saranda-Forest-16431.htm | title = Saranda Forest | accessdate = 2008-03-06 | last =  | first =  | publisher = india9.com }}</ref> Saranda (Serengda) literally means "700 hills" in local language.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-_lh4Bb0ibqvWvz6z2OwBn_ORgqfEjydBmA--?cq=1&p=26  | title = Forest in the Light and Shade | accessdate = 2008-03-06 | last =  | first =  | publisher = yahoo.com}}</ref>


[[Sal tree|Sal]] (Shorea robusta) is the most important tree in the area and it seems to have a preference for the rocky soil of the area. Although sal is a deciduous tree and sheds its leaves in early summer, the forest undergrowth is generally evergreen, which has such trees as [[mango]]es, [[Jambul|jamun]], [[jackfruit]], and [[Guava|piar]]. Other important trees are [[Madhuca longifolia|mahua]], kusum, [[Wendlandia|tilai]], harin hara ([[Armossa rohitulea]]), gular ([[Ficus glomerata]]), and [[Terminalia elliptica|asan]].<ref>Prasad, Hem Chandra, ''Bihar'', 1983/2003, p. 13, National Book Trust, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-237-0151-9}}</ref>
The perennial rivers, [[South Karo River|Karo]] and [[Koina River|Koina]], pass through these forested areas supporting a diverse floral and faunal resource. [[Sal tree|Sal]] (Shorea robusta) is the most important tree in the forest. Although sal is a deciduous tree and sheds its leaves in early summer, the forest undergrowth is generally evergreen, which has such trees as [[Mango]]es, [[Jambul|Jamun]], [[Jackfruit]], and [[Guava|Piar]]. Other important trees are [[Madhuca longifolia|Mahua]], kusum, [[Wendlandia|Tilai]], Harin hara ([[Armossa rohitulea]]), Gular ([[Ficus glomerata]]), and [[Terminalia elliptica|Asan]].<ref>Prasad, Hem Chandra, ''Bihar'', 1983/2003, p. 13, National Book Trust, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-237-0151-9}}</ref>
   
   
The reserved forests are the haunt of many animals. Wild [[elephant]]s are common in Saranada  and [[Porahat]] forests. It is an important overlapping habitat of the elephants from adjacent [[Kendujhar|Kedunjhar]] (Keonjhar) district of Orissa. Herds of [[Sambar Deer|sambar]] and [[chital]] roam about the forests. [[Bison]] is still found. [[Tiger]]s were never numerous but they are there. [[Leopard]]s are more common.<ref>Houlton, Sir John, ''Bihar: The Heart of India'', 1949, p. 169, Orient Longmans, Kolkata.</ref>
The reserved forests hosts many animals. Wild [[elephant]]s are common in Saranda and [[Porahat]] forests. It is an important overlapping habitat of the elephants from adjacent [[Kendujhar|Kedunjhar]] (Keonjhar) district of Odisha. Herds of [[Sambar Deer|Sambar]] and [[Chital]] roam about the forests. [[Bison]] is still found. [[Tiger]]s were never numerous. [[Leopard]]s are more common.<ref>[[John Wardle Houlton|Sir John Houlton]], ''Bihar: The Heart of India'', 1949, p. 169, Orient Longmans, Kolkata.</ref>


1100 hectares of virgin forests of >40% canopy cover is under [[iron ore]] mining leases. Several new aspirants for mining lease are in the waiting. The perennial rivers, [[South Karo River|Karo]] and [[Koina River|Koina]], pass through these forested areas supporting a diverse floral and faunal resource. However 70-80% of the forests were destroyed, trees harvested. The site is facing an [[ecological crisis]].


The area was previously disturbed by Maoist and Naxal influences, but problems have subsided in recent years, and it has turned out to be a major tourist hub. There are many tourist places in the Manoharpur region. The peak season between October and March is now brimming with tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/asia-s-biggest-sal-reserve-awaits-your-arrival/developing-india-mirror/fullstory/938327.html|title=Asia’s biggest sal reserve awaits your arrival}}</ref>
The [[iron ore]] mining towns including [[Gua, Jharkhand|Gua]], [[Chiria]], [[Kiriburu]] and [[Noamundi]]. The area was previously disturbed by Maoist and Naxal influences, but problems have subsided in recent years, and it has turned out to be a major tourist hub. There are many tourist places in the Manoharpur region. The peak season between October and March is now brimming with tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/asia-s-biggest-sal-reserve-awaits-your-arrival/developing-india-mirror/fullstory/938327.html|title=Asia's biggest sal reserve awaits your arrival}}</ref>


==Saranda development plan==
Thalkobad is a scenic village at a height of {{convert|550|m|abbr=on}} in the heart of the forest.<ref>{{cite web
 
| url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/Saranda-Forest-16431.htm | title = Saranda Forest | accessdate = 2008-03-06 | last =  | first =  | publisher = india9.com }}</ref> Thalkobad is about {{convert|89|km|abbr=on}} from [[Chakradharpur]], {{convert|46|km|abbr=on}} from [[Manoharpur]], and about {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}} from [[Jamshedpur]].
The Saranda development plan (SDP) is a means of developing the Maoist stricken villages in the Saranda forest. Many training camps of Maoists are located there.<ref>[http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/documents/papers/SARANDA_ACTION_PLAN.pdf South Asia Terrorism Portal]</ref> There are around 7000 tribal households with a population of 36,500 in 56 villages.
 
The main elements of the SDP are as follows:<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/give-the-saranda-development-plan-a-chance/article3494009.ece Minister's statement] in [[The Hindu|Hindu News Paper]]</ref>
 
* Building houses for 6,000 households under the Indira Awaas Yojana which have already been sanctioned in December 2011.
* Appointment of 56 Rozgar Mitras from local tribal youth for MGNREGA works for which over 6,000 job cards have already been issued and something like Rs.60 lakh in wages have been disbursed.
* 11 roads and one bridge to be constructed under the PMGSY for improving connectivity to all habitations, of which two roads are nearing completion.
* Implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 under which 2,122 claims have been received and 176 titles have already been distributed.
* Distribution of 7,000 solar lanterns, 7,000 transistors and 7,000 bicycles paid for by SAIL which is to be completed by end-July 2012.
* Launch of five mobile health units, again as part of SAIL's corporate social responsibility programme, of which three are in operation and two more will start by end-July 2012.
* Start of six watershed development projects covering an area of around {{cvt|36,000|hectare}}, which were sanctioned in February 2012.
* Improving access to drinking water supply for which 128 hand pumps have already been installed.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:56, 29 March 2026


Template:Infobox forest

Saranda forest is a dense forest in the hilly region of West Singhbhum, East Singhbhum, Saraikela district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. This area used to be the private hunting reserve of the Singh Deo family (the erstwhile rulers of Saraikela). The forest covers an area of 820 km².[1] Saranda (Serengda) literally means "700 hills" in local language.[2]

The perennial rivers, Karo and Koina, pass through these forested areas supporting a diverse floral and faunal resource. Sal (Shorea robusta) is the most important tree in the forest. Although sal is a deciduous tree and sheds its leaves in early summer, the forest undergrowth is generally evergreen, which has such trees as Mangoes, Jamun, Jackfruit, and Piar. Other important trees are Mahua, kusum, Tilai, Harin hara (Armossa rohitulea), Gular (Ficus glomerata), and Asan.[3]

The reserved forests hosts many animals. Wild elephants are common in Saranda and Porahat forests. It is an important overlapping habitat of the elephants from adjacent Kedunjhar (Keonjhar) district of Odisha. Herds of Sambar and Chital roam about the forests. Bison is still found. Tigers were never numerous. Leopards are more common.[4]


The iron ore mining towns including Gua, Chiria, Kiriburu and Noamundi. The area was previously disturbed by Maoist and Naxal influences, but problems have subsided in recent years, and it has turned out to be a major tourist hub. There are many tourist places in the Manoharpur region. The peak season between October and March is now brimming with tourists.[5]

Thalkobad is a scenic village at a height of 550 m (1,800 ft) in the heart of the forest.[6] Thalkobad is about 89 km (55 mi) from Chakradharpur, 46 km (29 mi) from Manoharpur, and about 160 km (99 mi) from Jamshedpur.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Saranda Forest". india9.com. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  2. ↑ "Forest in the Light and Shade". yahoo.com. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  3. ↑ Prasad, Hem Chandra, Bihar, 1983/2003, p. 13, National Book Trust, New Delhi, ISBN 81-237-0151-9
  4. ↑ Sir John Houlton, Bihar: The Heart of India, 1949, p. 169, Orient Longmans, Kolkata.
  5. ↑ "Asia's biggest sal reserve awaits your arrival".
  6. ↑ "Saranda Forest". india9.com. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
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