Raja Muhammad Sarwar: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Pakistani army officer (1910–1948)}}
{{Short description|Pakistani army officer (1910–1948)}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]
| name          = Muhammad Sarwar
| name          = Raja Muhammad Sarwar
| honorific_suffix = <br>'''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]'''<br>[[Nishan-e-Haider|NH]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Nishan-e-Haider|NH]]
| image        = Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg
| image        = Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg
| image_upright =  
| image_upright =  
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| native_name  =  
| native_name  =  
| native_name_lang =  
| native_name_lang =  
| birth_name    = Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti
| other_name    =  
| other_name    =  
| nickname      =  
| nickname      =  
| birth_date    = {{birth date|df=yes|1910|11|10}}
| birth_date    = {{birth date|df=yes|1910|11|10}}
| birth_place  = Singhori village, [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]]<br />(Present day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan)
| birth_place  = Singhori village, [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]]<br />(Present day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1948|07|27|1910|11|10}}
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1948|07|27|1910|11|10}}
| death_place  = [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.
| death_place  = [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.
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| placeofburial_label =  
| placeofburial_label =  
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}-->
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}-->
| allegiance    = {{flag|British India}}<br>{{flag|Pakistan}}
| allegiance    = {{flag|British India}} {{small|(1929–1947)}}<br>{{flag|Pakistan}} {{small|(1947–1948)}}
| branch        = [[File:Ensign of the Royal Indian Army Service Corps.svg|20px]] [[British Indian Army]] ({{small|1929–1947}})<br>[[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|20px]] [[Pakistan Army]] ({{small|1947–1948}})
| branch        = {{army|British India}}<br>{{army|PAK}}
| branch_label  = Branch/service
| branch_label  = Branch/service
| serviceyears  = 1929–48
| serviceyears  = 1929–1948
| serviceyears_label =  
| serviceyears_label =  
| rank          = [[File:OF-2 Pakistan Army.svg|10px]] Captain
| rank          = [[File:OF-2 Pakistan Army.svg|20px]] [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]
| rank_label    =  
| rank_label    =  
| servicenumber =  
| servicenumber =  
| unit          = [[File:Badge of 1st Punjab Regiment 1945-56.jpg|15px]] [[1st Punjab Regiment|2/1st Punjab Regiment]]<br /> [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|2 Punjab Regiment]]
| unit          = [[File:Badge of 1st Punjab Regiment 1945-56.jpg|15px]] [[1st Punjab Regiment|2/1st Punjab Regiment]]<br /> [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|2 Punjab Regiment]]
| commands      =  
| commands      =  
| battles      = [[Burma Campaign 1944–45|Burma Campaign in 1944–45]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–48]]{{KIA}}
| battles      = {{Tree list}}
* [[Second World War]]
** [[Burma Campaign 1944–45|Burma campaign]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]
** [[Battle of Pandu]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Brig Jasbir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SBWc27AVmwC |title=Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974 |date=2010 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1-935501-18-3 |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref>
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label =  
| battles_label =  
| awards        = <b>[[File:Nishan-e-Haider.png|60px]] {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider]]}}<br>[[File:Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|60px]] {{small|[[Pakistan Medal]]}}<br>[[File:1939–1945 Star.png|60px]] {{small|[[1939-1945 Star]]}}<br>[[File:Burma Star BAR.svg|60px]] {{small|[[Burma Star]]}}<br>[[File:Ribbon - War Medal.png|60px]] {{small|[[War Medal 1939-1945]]}}
| awards        = [[File:Nishan-e-Haider.png|60px]] {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider]]}}<br>[[File:Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|60px]] {{small|[[Pakistan Medal]]}}<br>[[File:1939–1945 Star.png|60px]] {{small|[[1939-1945 Star]]}}<br>[[File:Burma Star BAR.svg|60px]] {{small|[[Burma Star]]}}<br>[[File:Ribbon - War Medal.png|60px]] {{small|[[War Medal 1939-1945]]}}
| memorials    = [[Grand Trunk Road|G.T. Road]] near the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan
| memorials    = [[Grand Trunk Road|G.T. Road]] near the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], Tehile chowk sarwer shaheed [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan
| alma_mater    = [[Indian Military Academy]]<br>[[Military College of Signals]]
| spouse        =  
| spouse        =  
| children      =  
| children      =  
| relations    =  
| relations    =  
| laterwork    =
| signature    =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module        =
}}
}}


[[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] '''Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nq|راجہ محمد سرور}}}} ; 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider|'''NH''']], [[Burma Star|BS]]}}, best known as '''Muhammad Sarwar''',<ref name=ref2>{{cite web|url=http://pakistan360degrees.com/?s=Captain+Muhammad|title=Profile of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar|publisher=Pakistan 360 degrees website|author=Maira S|date=31 May 2011|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> was an officer in the [[Pakistan Army]] who was cited with the first [[Nishan-e-Haider|Nishan-i-Haider]] for his gallantry and actions of valor during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|first war]] between India and Pakistan in 1947–48.<ref name=PakistanToday>[https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/27/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistans-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered/ Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered] Pakistan Today (newspaper), Published 27 July 2016, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref>
[[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] '''Raja Muhammad Sarwar''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nq|راجہ محمد سرور}}}}; 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider|'''NH''']]}}, better known as '''Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti''',<ref name="pakarmymuseum"/> was a Pakistani military officer who was cited as the first recipient of Pakistan's highest military award, [[Nishan-e-Haider]], for his gallantry and actions of valor during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|First Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–48]].<ref name=PakistanToday>{{cite news|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/27/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistans-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered/|title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered|newspaper= Pakistan Today newspaper|date=27 July 2016|access-date=9 November 2025|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710163751/https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/27/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistans-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered/}}</ref><ref name="pakarmymuseum"/><ref name=TNI/>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Raja Muhammad Sarwar was born on 10 November 1910 to a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Punjabi Muslims|Muslim]] [[Bhatti]]Rajput family in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India]] in [[British Indian Empire]].<ref name=TNI/><ref name=PakistanToday/><ref name="pakarmymuseum"/><ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar">{{cite web |title=Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S4Uy33mqEe4/WHDrjVgObRI/AAAAAAAAIAg/dqt1NkHirPMu-ynqNK665_DhTENdwYySQCLcB/s1600/Captain%2BSarwar%2BShaheed%2B2016.12.14%2B%2528108%2529.jpg |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> He was a [[military brat]] whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, was an [[Military enlistment|enlist]] in the [[British Indian Army]], retiring at the rank of ''[[Havildar]]''.<ref name=PakistanToday/><ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/><ref name=TNI/>


Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti was born in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India]] in [[British Indian Empire]] on 10 November 1910, according to his tombstone.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar">{{cite web |title=Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S4Uy33mqEe4/WHDrjVgObRI/AAAAAAAAIAg/dqt1NkHirPMu-ynqNK665_DhTENdwYySQCLcB/s1600/Captain%2BSarwar%2BShaheed%2B2016.12.14%2B%2528108%2529.jpg |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref><!-------------Blogspot but we are only concern with the picture and biotaph written in Urdu.------------> He was a [[military brat]] whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan Bhatti, was an [[Military enlistment|enlist]] in the [[British Indian Army]], retiring at rank of ''[[Havildar]]''.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> His family hailed from a Muslim-caste of the [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Rajput]] tribe.<ref name=ref2/>
He was educated in government-run schools in [[Rawalpindi District]] and secured his [[Matriculation in India|matriculation]] from a local school in [[Faisalabad]] in 1928.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After graduation, he followed his father, [[Havildar]] Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1929 as a [[Sepoy]], where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the [[10th Baluch Regiment|10th Baloch Regiment]] (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the [[Baloch Regiment]] (present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)).<ref name=PakistanToday/><ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reaching one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted to [[Naib Subedar]] and posted in supply and ammunition with the [[Pakistan Army Service Corps]] in 1939.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/><ref name=TNI/>


He was educated in government-run schools in [[Rawalpindi District]] and secured his [[Matriculation in India|matriculation]] from a local school in [[Faisalabad]] in 1928.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After graduation, he followed his father, [[Havildar]] Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1929 as a [[Sepoy]], where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the [[10th Baluch Regiment|10th Baloch Regiment]] (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the [[Baloch Regiment]] (present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)).<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reacting the one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted as the [[Naib Subedar]] and posted in supply and ammunition with the [[Pakistan Army Service Corps]] in 1939.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>
In 1939, Sarwar was invited to attend the [[Indian Military Academy]] in [[Dehradun]] and completed his [[Basic training|military training]] before gaining a [[Officer (armed forces)|commission]] in the 2nd Battalion of the [[1st Punjab Regiment]] (2/1st Punjab Regiment) of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1943.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar briefly served in [[Burma]] with distinction during [[Burma Campaign 1944–45|military operations there]] that earned him the [[Burma Star]] from the [[GHQ India|British administrations in Delhi]] in India.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" />


In 1939, Sarwar was invited to attend the [[Indian Military Academy]] in [[Dehradun]] and completed his [[Basic training|military training]] before gaining [[Officer (armed forces)|commission]] in the 2nd Battalion of the [[1st Punjab Regiment]] (2/1st Punjab Regiment) of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1943.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar briefly served in the [[Burma]], serving with distinction in the [[Burma Campaign 1944–45|military operations in 1944–45]] that earned him the [[Burma Star]] by the [[GHQ India|British administrations in Delhi]] in India.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" />
In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar was posted to an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment<ref name="pakarmymuseum"/> — he was promoted to [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|Lieutenant]] in 1945–46.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Sarwar was known to be "a serious man with a no nonsense attitude and was deeply religious who would practice his religion, [[Islam]], devotedly and offered [[Muslim prayers|five prayers]] everyday ... "<ref name=TNI/><ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>


In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar was posted in an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment — he was promoted as [[Lieutenant (United States)|Lieutenant]] in 1945–46.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Lt. Sarwar was known to be "a serious man with no nonsense and deeply religious who would practice his religion, [[Islam]], devotedly and offered [[Muslim prayers|five prayers]] everyday, first offering the [[Fajr prayer|prayer before sunrise]] and concluding with the [[Witr|very last midnight prayer]]."<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>
=== Indo-Pakistani war of 1947-1948 ===
{{Main|Battle of Pandu}}
In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted to [[Captain (army)|army captain]] and decided to attend the signal course before he was recommissioned in the [[Pakistan Army Corps of Signals]] in 1947, and directed towards attending the [[Military College of Signals]].<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After hearing the news of the [[First Kashmir War]] between India and Pakistan over [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], Sarwar immediately wanted to volunteer. He refrained due to his officers wanting him to complete his studies in [[military signals]], which he completed after a year.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In 1948, Captain Sarwar took command of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]] of the Pakistan Army and was deployed on the frontline.<ref name="pakarmymuseum">{{cite web |title=CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED) - Profile|url=http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed/|website=Pakistan Army Museum website  |access-date=9 November 2025|archive-date=14 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014130135/http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=TNI/>


In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted as [[Captain (army)|army captain]] and decided to attend the signal course before Capt. Sarwar was recommissioned in the [[Pakistan Army Corps of Signals]] in 1947, and directed towards attending the [[Military College of Signals]].<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After hearing the news of the [[First Kashmir War|first war]] between India and Pakistan over [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], Capt. Sarwar immediately wanted volunteered but refrained due to his officers wanted him to complete his schooling on the [[military signals]], which he completed after a year.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In 1948, Capt. Sarwar took over the command of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]] of the Pakistan Army as its commanding officer and was deployed on frontline.<ref name="pakarmymuseum">{{cite web |title=CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED) |url=http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed/ |website=www.pakarmymuseum.com |publisher=pakarmymuseum |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref>
A march towards  [[Uri (India)|Uri]] town of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] was commenced under Sarwar,<ref name="pakarmymuseum"/> and he led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to retreat from [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] to [[Ladakh, India|Ladakh]] on 26 July 1948.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /><ref name=TNI/> Sarwar's company followed the Indian Army's troops to the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in that sector.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin [[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]] shelling his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947">{{cite book |last1=Mirza|first1=Yaqub|title=The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan|date=1947|publisher=National Book Foundation |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan|isbn=9789693701784|pages=115|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf5tAAAAMAAJ&q=+barbed+wires|language=en-us|format=snippet view}}</ref> Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to [[barbed wire]] and he decided to advance to cut the wire, taking six men with him.<ref name="pakarmymuseum"/>{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/> During the firefight, Sarwar used a [[bolt cutter]] to cut the wire, and took a bullet from  machine gun fire.{{rp|89}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/><ref name="pakarmymuseum"/>


A [[Infantry|march]] towards the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] town of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] was commenced under Capt. Sarwar, and led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to [[Retreat (military)|retreat]] from the [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] to [[Ladakh, India|Ladakh]] on 26 July 1948.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> Capt. Sarwar's company followed the retreated Indian Army's troops to the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] sector.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin their mortar shelling at his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947">{{cite book |last1=Mirza |first1=Yaqub |title=The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |date=1947 |publisher=National Book Foundation |location=Karachi, Sin. Pakistan |isbn=9789693701784 |pages=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf5tAAAAMAAJ&q=+barbed+wires. |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en-us |format=snippet view}}</ref> Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to the [[barbed wire]]s and decided to move to cut the wires with only taking six men alongside.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/> During the firefight, Capt. Sarwar used the [[bolt cutter]] to cut their [[barbed wire]]s and due to the downpour of shelling,  taking a bullet with a machine gun fire.{{rp|89}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/>
On 27 July 1948, Captain Sarwar was killed while clearing the passage.<ref name=TNI/> He was 37 years old at the time.<ref name=PakistanToday/><ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh, 2010">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Brig Jasbir|title=Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974|date=2010|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=9781935501183|pages=291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SBWc27AVmwC&q=sarwar+barbed+wires&pg=PA188|language=en}}</ref>
 
On 27 July 1948, Capt. Sarwar was killed while clearing the passage– he was 38 years old at the time of his death.{{rp|188}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh, 2010">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Brig Jasbir |title=Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974 |date=2010 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=9781935501183 |pages=291 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SBWc27AVmwC&q=sarwar+barbed+wires&pg=PA188 |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>


===Family background and personal life===
===Family background and personal life===
 
Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the [[British Indian Army]] and was decorated with the British war medal for [[Indian Army in World War I|his services]] in [[World War I]]. Muhammad Hayat retired as a ''[[Havildar]]'' [[Sergeant (United States)|Sergeant]] and died on 23 November 1932.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019">{{cite web|title=Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed, Nishan-e-Haider |url=http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/foundationnews.asp?id=3264 |website=Shaheed Foundation website|access-date=9 November 2025|language=en-us|date=27 July 2018|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180903183927/https://www.shaheedfoundation.org/foundationnews.asp?id=3264}}</ref> Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.<ref name=TNI/> He is the 4th one among his brothers , his brothers' names were Raja Muhammad Mirza Khan, Raja Muhammad Sardar Khan, Raja Muhammad Afsar Khan and his sister's name was Gulzar Begum. His marriage was performed on Sunday 15 March 1936 in Sanghori, with Karam Jan. Allah blessed him with a son and a daughter, whom he named Raja Muhammad Safdar and Gulzar Begum, respectively.<ref name=TNI/>
Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the [[British Indian Army]] and was decorated with the British war medal for [[Indian Army in World War I|his services]] in the [[World War I]]– Muhammad Hayat retired as a ''[[Havildar]]'' [[Sergeant (United States)|Sergeant]] and died on 23 November 1932.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019">{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Shaheed |title=Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed,Nishan-e-HAIDAR[AS]... - SFP News |url=http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/foundationnews.asp?id=3264 |website=www.shaheedfoundation.org |publisher=Shaheed Foundation |access-date=8 March 2019 |language=en-us |date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.<ref name=TNI/> Raja Muhammad Sarwar married in arranged marriage in 1936 and had a son and a daughter from that marriage.<ref name=TNI/>


== Nishan-e-Haider ==
== Nishan-e-Haider ==
[[File:Sarwar Bhatti Monument.jpg|thumb|250px|right|{{small|The monument of Capt. Raja Muhammad Sarwar at his locality near the [[Gt road|GT Road]] near Mandra }}]]The body of Capt. Sarwar is buried at the Hill of Tilpatra which is near the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] in [[Indian Kashmir]] where he was buried on 27 July 1948.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar" /> It was on 23 March 1956 when the [[Government of Pakistan]] recognized his services as the [[Parliament of Pakistan]] authorized to posthumously award the [[Nishan-E-Haider]] (Eng. lit. ''Emblem of the Lion'') for his meritorious services, which was awarded to him by the [[President of Pakistan]].<ref name=PakistanToday/><ref>[http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/NishaneHaider.asp Profile of Raja Muhammad Sarwar on shaheedfoundation.org website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812211253/http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/nishanehaider.asp |date=12 August 2014 }} Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref><ref name=TNI>[https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/254574-captain-sarwar-shaheed-remembered Captain Sarwar Shaheed remembered] The News International (newspaper), Published 11 December 2017, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref> The Presidential Nishan-e-Haider citation on his grave is written in [[Urdu]]; and it reads with translation as:
[[File:Sarwar Bhatti Monument.jpg|thumb|250px|right|{{small|The monument to Raja Muhammad Sarwar near the [[Grand Trunk Road]], near Mandra }}]] The body of Sarwar is buried at the Hill of Tilpatra which is near the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] in [[Indian Kashmir]] where he was buried on 27 July 1948.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar" /> It was on 23 March 1956 when the [[Government of Pakistan]] recognized his services as the [[Parliament of Pakistan]] authorized to posthumously award the [[Nishan-E-Haider]] (Eng. lit. ''Emblem of the Lion'') for his meritorious services, which was awarded to him by the [[President of Pakistan]].<ref name=PakistanToday/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/NishaneHaider.asp|title=Profile of Raja Muhammad Sarwar|website=shaheedfoundation.org website|url-status=dead|access-date=9 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812211253/http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/nishanehaider.asp|archive-date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=TNI>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/254574-captain-sarwar-shaheed-remembered| title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed remembered|newspaper=The News International newspaper|date=11 December 2017|access-date= 11 November 2025|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211052129/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/254574-captain-sarwar-shaheed-remembered|agency=Associated Press of Pakistan}}</ref> The Presidential Nishan-e-Haider citation on his grave is written in [[Urdu]]; and it reads with translation as:
{{Gallery|File:Nishan-e-Haider Medal.png|[[Nishan-e-Haider]]|width=180|height=230|lines=1|align=left|mode=packed|noborder=no}}
{{Gallery||[[Nishan-e-Haider]]|width=180|height=230|align=left|mode=packed|noborder=no}}


=== Citation ===
=== Citation ===
:Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] declared ''Jihad'' in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's [[Military College of Signals|School of Signals]]. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered  to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and  advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the  assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be  posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Amir |first1=Tariq |title=Pakistan Geotagging: Monument of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed: Nishan e Haider |url=http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.com/2017/01/monument-of-captain-raja-muhammad.html |website=Pakistan Geotagging |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=12 January 2017}}</ref><!--Rough translation from Urdu to American English.-------->
Battle of Pandu at Tripatra hill in Uri:{{Blockquote|text={{center|'''CITATION '''<br>
'''CAPT RAJA MUHAMMAD SARWAR'''<br>
'''2 PUNJAB REGIMENT'''}}


In 1967, the [[Government of Pakistan|federal government]] later established the marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his career highlights in the military and martyrdom to the [[Pakistani society|civil society]] with additional funding was later secured by Imtiaz Warraich, the [[Member of Parliament|MP]] on the platform of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] to expand the facility in his memory in 1990— the marble tomb is located near his locality.<ref name="The Nation, 2016">{{cite news |title=Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered |url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Jul-2016/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistan-s-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered |access-date=9 March 2019 |work=The Nation |agency=The Nation |publisher=The Nation |date=27 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="urdubiography">{{cite web |title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu |url=https://www.urdubiography.com/national-heroes/captain-sarwar-shaheed.html |website=www.urdubiography.com |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>
Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared Jihad in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's School of Signals. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.<ref name=TNI/>
 
In 1967, the [[Government of Pakistan]] established a marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his military career highlights and martyrdom to [[Pakistani society]]. Additional funding was secured in 1990 by Imtiaz Warraich, the [[Member of Parliament|MP]] to expand the facility in Sarwars' memory.<ref name="The Nation, 2016">{{cite news |title=Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered|url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Jul-2016/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistan-s-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered |access-date=9 November 2025 |newspaper=The Nation newspaper|date=27 July 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref name="urdubiography">{{cite web |title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu |url=https://www.urdubiography.com/national-heroes/captain-sarwar-shaheed.html |website=urdubiography.com website|access-date=11 November 2025}}</ref>


==In memory==
==In memory==
On 22 April 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in [[Lahore]], Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Muhammad Sarwar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575|title=From the past pages of Dawn newspaper: Fifty years ago: War paintings show (Show was held on 22 April 1968)|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|date=24 April 2018|access-date= 9 November 2025|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425153450/https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575}}</ref>


In 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in [[Lahore]], Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575 From the past pages of Dawn (newspaper): Fifty years ago: War paintings show] Dawn (newspaper), Published 24 April 2018, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref>
===Gallery===
 
In 1991, he was subjected a biographical war telefilm, "''Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed''" produced and directed by the Qasim Jilali of the [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Drama Serial Nishan-e-Haider "Major Tufail Mohammad Shaheed" Pakistan Army (Complete) |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmeeIcYP9Cw |access-date=7 March 2019 |date=8 September 2012}}</ref> In addition, the federal government established the community college, the [[Sarwar Shaheed College]], in his honor near his birthplace in the [[Gujar Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarwar Shaheed College - College & University {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sarwar-Shaheed-College/111826748829175 |website=www.facebook.com |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>
 
===Galleries===
{{Gallery
{{Gallery
|title=Tomb and memorial of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar
|title=Tomb and memorial of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar
|width=160
|width=160
|height=170
|height=170
|lines=4
|align=center
|align=center
|File:Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed, Nishan e Haider (5997687098).jpg|{{small|The inscription on the life of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar at his tomb in GT Road near Lahore.}}
|File:Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed, Nishan e Haider (5997687098).jpg|{{small|Inscription about the life of Muhammad Sarwar on his tomb.}}
|File:Sarwar Bhatti Monument.jpg|{{small|The monument at Sanghori (native village of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed Nishan e Haider) astride GT Road near Mandra.}}
|File:Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed, Nishan e Haider (5997690794).jpg|{{small|The memorial to  Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed (Nishah e Haider) at his tomb.}}
|File:Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed, Nishan e Haider (5997690794).jpg|{{small|The memorial of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed (Nishah e Haider) at his tomb in GT Road near Mandra.}}
}}
}}


==Awards and Decorations==
==Awards and decorations==
{{Infobox award
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Nishan-e-Haider|Nishan-e-Haider Recipient]]
| name = [[Nishan-e-Haider|Nishan-e-Haider Recipient]]<ref name="pakarmymuseum"/>
| image = Nishan-e-Haider Medal.png
| image =  
| imagesize = 105px
| imagesize = 105px
| caption = Raja Muhammad Sarwar received<br>the '''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]''' Award
| caption = Raja Muhammad Sarwar received<br>the '''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]''' Award
Line 136: Line 135:
|}
|}


=== Foreign Decorations ===
=== Foreign decorations ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" style="background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |'''Foreign Awards'''
! colspan="3" style="background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |'''Foreign Awards'''
Line 155: Line 154:


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Gujar Khan]]
* [[Sawar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed]]
* [[Sawar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed]]
* [[Sarwar Shaheed College]]


==References==
==References==
Line 163: Line 160:


==External links==
==External links==
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=Staff Writer |title=Captain Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://www.ispr.gov.pk/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed.php |website=www.ispr.gov.pk |publisher=ISPR |access-date=8 March 2019}}
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=PTV |title=Telefilm: Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdhxKJ0tSVM |website=www.youtube.com/ |publisher=ISPR |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=4 February 2017}}
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=PTV |title=Telefilm: Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdhxKJ0tSVM |website=www.youtube.com/ |publisher=ISPR |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=4 February 2017}}
{{Nishan-e-Haider}}
{{Nishan-e-Haider}}
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[[Category:1910 births|S]]
[[Category:1910 births|S]]
[[Category:1948 deaths|S]]
[[Category:1948 deaths|S]]
[[Category:Punjabi people|S]]
[[Category:People from Gujar Khan|S]]
[[Category:People from Gujar Khan|S]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II|S]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II|S]]
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[[Category:Pakistani electronics engineers|S]]
[[Category:Pakistani electronics engineers|S]]
[[Category:Pakistani military engineers|S]]
[[Category:Pakistani military engineers|S]]
[[Category:People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|S]]
[[Category:People of the India–Pakistan war of 1947–1948|S]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel killed in action|S]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel killed in action|S]]
[[Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Haider|S]]
[[Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Haider|S]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Latest revision as of 12:38, 19 March 2026


Captain

Raja Muhammad Sarwar

NH
Sarwar, drawn posthumously in 1967
Born(1910-11-10)10 November 1910
Singhori village, Rawalpindi District, Punjab, British India
(Present day Punjab, Pakistan)
Died27 July 1948(1948-07-27) (aged 37)
Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Buried
Hill of Tilpatra near Uri, Jammu and Kashmir in India
Allegiance British India (1929–1947)
 Pakistan (1947–1948)
Branch/service British Indian Army
 Pakistan Army
Years of service1929–1948
Rank Captain
Unit 2/1st Punjab Regiment
2 Punjab Regiment
Battles/wars
Awards Nishan-e-Haider
Pakistan Medal
1939-1945 Star
Burma Star
War Medal 1939-1945
MemorialsG.T. Road near the Gujar Khan Tehsil, Tehile chowk sarwer shaheed Rawalpindi District, Punjab in Pakistan
Alma materIndian Military Academy
Military College of Signals

Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) NH, better known as Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti,[2] was a Pakistani military officer who was cited as the first recipient of Pakistan's highest military award, Nishan-e-Haider, for his gallantry and actions of valor during the First Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–48.[3][2][4]

Biography[edit | edit source]

Raja Muhammad Sarwar was born on 10 November 1910 to a Punjabi Muslim BhattiRajput family in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the Gujar Khan Tehsil, Rawalpindi District, Punjab, British India in British Indian Empire.[4][3][2][5] He was a military brat whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, was an enlist in the British Indian Army, retiring at the rank of Havildar.[3][5][4]

He was educated in government-run schools in Rawalpindi District and secured his matriculation from a local school in Faisalabad in 1928.[5] After graduation, he followed his father, Havildar Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the British Indian Army in 1929 as a Sepoy, where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the 10th Baloch Regiment (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the Baloch Regiment (present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)).[3][5] From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reaching one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted to Naib Subedar and posted in supply and ammunition with the Pakistan Army Service Corps in 1939.[5][4]

In 1939, Sarwar was invited to attend the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun and completed his military training before gaining a commission in the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Punjab Regiment (2/1st Punjab Regiment) of the British Indian Army in 1943.[5] In 1944, 2nd-Lt. Sarwar briefly served in Burma with distinction during military operations there that earned him the Burma Star from the British administrations in Delhi in India.[6]

In 1944, 2nd-Lt. Sarwar was posted to an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment[2] — he was promoted to Lieutenant in 1945–46.[5] In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Sarwar was known to be "a serious man with a no nonsense attitude and was deeply religious who would practice his religion, Islam, devotedly and offered five prayers everyday ... "[4][5]

Indo-Pakistani war of 1947-1948[edit | edit source]

Main article: Battle of Pandu

In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted to army captain and decided to attend the signal course before he was recommissioned in the Pakistan Army Corps of Signals in 1947, and directed towards attending the Military College of Signals.[5] After hearing the news of the First Kashmir War between India and Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir, Sarwar immediately wanted to volunteer. He refrained due to his officers wanting him to complete his studies in military signals, which he completed after a year.[5] In 1948, Captain Sarwar took command of the 2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment of the Pakistan Army and was deployed on the frontline.[2][4]

A march towards Uri town of Jammu and Kashmir was commenced under Sarwar,[2] and he led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to retreat from Gilgit-Baltistan to Ladakh on 26 July 1948.[6][4] Sarwar's company followed the Indian Army's troops to the Uri region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in that sector.[6] His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin mortar shelling his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.:88[7] Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to barbed wire and he decided to advance to cut the wire, taking six men with him.[2]:88[7] During the firefight, Sarwar used a bolt cutter to cut the wire, and took a bullet from machine gun fire.:89[7][2]

On 27 July 1948, Captain Sarwar was killed while clearing the passage.[4] He was 37 years old at the time.[3][8]

Family background and personal life[edit | edit source]

Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the British Indian Army and was decorated with the British war medal for his services in World War I. Muhammad Hayat retired as a Havildar Sergeant and died on 23 November 1932.[6] Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.[4] He is the 4th one among his brothers , his brothers' names were Raja Muhammad Mirza Khan, Raja Muhammad Sardar Khan, Raja Muhammad Afsar Khan and his sister's name was Gulzar Begum. His marriage was performed on Sunday 15 March 1936 in Sanghori, with Karam Jan. Allah blessed him with a son and a daughter, whom he named Raja Muhammad Safdar and Gulzar Begum, respectively.[4]

Nishan-e-Haider[edit | edit source]

The monument to Raja Muhammad Sarwar near the Grand Trunk Road, near Mandra

The body of Sarwar is buried at the Hill of Tilpatra which is near the Uri in Indian Kashmir where he was buried on 27 July 1948.[5] It was on 23 March 1956 when the Government of Pakistan recognized his services as the Parliament of Pakistan authorized to posthumously award the Nishan-E-Haider (Eng. lit. Emblem of the Lion) for his meritorious services, which was awarded to him by the President of Pakistan.[3][9][4] The Presidential Nishan-e-Haider citation on his grave is written in Urdu; and it reads with translation as:

Citation[edit | edit source]

Battle of Pandu at Tripatra hill in Uri:{{Blockquote|text=

CITATION

CAPT RAJA MUHAMMAD SARWAR

2 PUNJAB REGIMENT

Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared Jihad in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's School of Signals. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.[4]

In 1967, the Government of Pakistan established a marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his military career highlights and martyrdom to Pakistani society. Additional funding was secured in 1990 by Imtiaz Warraich, the MP to expand the facility in Sarwars' memory.[10][11]

In memory[edit | edit source]

On 22 April 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in Lahore, Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Muhammad Sarwar.[12]

Gallery[edit | edit source]

Tomb and memorial of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar
  • Inscription about the life of Muhammad Sarwar on his tomb.
    Inscription about the life of Muhammad Sarwar on his tomb.
  • The memorial to Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed (Nishah e Haider) at his tomb.
    The memorial to Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed (Nishah e Haider) at his tomb.

Awards and decorations[edit | edit source]

Nishan-e-Haider Recipient[2]
DateAwarded in 1956
CountryIslamic Republic of Pakistan
Presented byPresident Iskandar Mirza
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Nishan-e-Haider

(Emblem of the Lion)

1947-48 War

Posthumously

Pakistan Tamgha

(Pakistan Medal)

1947

1939-1945 Star Burma Star War Medal

1939-1945

India Service Medal

1939–1945

Foreign decorations[edit | edit source]

Foreign Awards
 UK 1939-1945 Star Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Burma Star Template:Ribbon devices/alt
War Medal 1939-1945 Template:Ribbon devices/alt
India Service Medal 1939–1945 Template:Ribbon devices/alt

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Singh, Brig Jasbir (2010). Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974. Lancer Publishers. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-935501-18-3.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 "CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED) - Profile". Pakistan Army Museum website. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered". Pakistan Today newspaper. 27 July 2016. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 "Captain Sarwar Shaheed remembered". The News International newspaper. Associated Press of Pakistan. 11 December 2017. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2025.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 "Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar". Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed, Nishan-e-Haider". Shaheed Foundation website. 27 July 2018. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Mirza, Yaqub (1947). The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (snippet view). Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: National Book Foundation. p. 115. ISBN 9789693701784.
  8. ↑ Singh, Brig Jasbir (2010). Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974. Lancer Publishers. p. 291. ISBN 9781935501183.
  9. ↑ "Profile of Raja Muhammad Sarwar". shaheedfoundation.org website. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  10. ↑ "Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered". The Nation newspaper. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  11. ↑ "Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu". urdubiography.com website. Retrieved 11 November 2025.
  12. ↑ "From the past pages of Dawn newspaper: Fifty years ago: War paintings show (Show was held on 22 April 1968)". Dawn newspaper. 24 April 2018. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2025.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Nishan-e-Haider Template:Military of Pakistan

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