FM broadcasting in India: Difference between revisions

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The '''[[FM broadcasting]] in [[India]]''' began in 1977, but boomed after 2001 when the privatisation of FM broadcasting began.  
The '''[[FM broadcasting]] in [[India]]''' began in 1977, but boomed after 2001 when the privatisation of FM broadcasting began.  
AIR's FM LRS ( Local Radio Station ) was inaugurated on 1 July 2001 at 14:28 hours in Kodaikanal in the frequency 100.5 MHz. The Two Radio Persons Dr.Musiri.T.A.Veerasamy and B.Rajaram ( Savitraa ) made 100.5 popular and the LRS was upgraded to a " METRO FM " Channel in just two months. The channel covered a radius of about 200 km due to its location at 2200 meters above MSL at Kodaikanal. Later, the stalwarts like Supra (K. Natarajan) in 2002 and Maha Somaskandamoorthy in 2003 have joined KODAI FM, as it is popularly known. It is the biggest individual FM channel in India in both area coverage and listenership.
AIR's FM LRS ( Local Radio Station ) was inaugurated on 1 July 2000 at 06:00 hours in Kodaikanal relaying Madurai programs in the frequency 100.5 MHz. 100.5 was so much popular and LRS was upgraded to a FM Channel in just two months. The channel covered a radius of about 200km due to its location at 2200 meters above MSL at Kodaikanal. KODAI FM, as it is popularly known. It is the biggest individual FM channel in India in both area coverage and listenership.


As of December 2018, there are more than 369 operational private radio stations in more than 101 cities and towns across India.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181225134639/https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/Operational%20FM%20rado%20Channels%20city%20wise%20list_0.pdf</ref> The [[Government of India]]-owned [[All India Radio]] has about 450 FM stations covering 39% of the area and 52% of the population of India.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181225142952/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Oppurtunities/Tenders/Documents/06%20AIR%20STATIONS%20HAVING%20FM%20TRANSMITTERS%20191218.pdf</ref><ref>http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Profile/Factss%20at%20Glance/Pages/default.aspx</ref>
As of December 2018, there are more than 369 operational private radio stations in more than 101 cities and towns across India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/Operational%20FM%20rado%20Channels%20city%20wise%20list_0.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=mib.gov.in |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225134639/https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/Operational%20FM%20rado%20Channels%20city%20wise%20list_0.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Government of India]]-owned [[All India Radio]] has about 450 FM stations covering 39% of the area and 52% of the population of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Oppurtunities/Tenders/Documents/06%20AIR%20STATIONS%20HAVING%20FM%20TRANSMITTERS%20191218.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=allindiaradio.gov.in |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225142952/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Oppurtunities/Tenders/Documents/06%20AIR%20STATIONS%20HAVING%20FM%20TRANSMITTERS%20191218.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Profile/Factss%20at%20Glance/Pages/default.aspx|title=Get Apps &#124; Prasar Bharati}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
FM broadcasting began on 23 July 1977 in [[Chennai]], then Madras, and was expanded during the 1990s, nearly 50 years after it mushroomed in the US.<ref>http://allindiaradio.org/milestone.html {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525235547/http://allindiaradio.org/milestone.html |date=May 25, 2012 }}</ref> The country first experimented with private [[FM broadcast]]s in the small [[tourist destination]] of [[Goa]] and the large metropolitan areas of [[Delhi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]]  and [[Chennai]]. These were followed by private stations in [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Lucknow]].
FM broadcasting began on 23 July 1977 in [[Chennai]], then Madras, and was expanded during the 1990s, nearly 50 years after it mushroomed in the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allindiaradio.org/milestone.html |title= Mile Stone|website=allindiaradio.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525235547/http://allindiaradio.org/milestone.html |archive-date=May 25, 2012}}</ref> The country first experimented with private [[FM broadcast]]s in the small [[tourist destination]] of [[Goa]] and the large metropolitan areas of [[Delhi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]]  and [[Chennai]]. These were followed by private stations in [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Lucknow]].


Until 1993, [[All India Radio]], a government undertaking, was the only radio broadcaster in India. The government then decided to privatise the radio broadcasting sector.{{Citation needed|date = July 2015}} It sold airtime blocks on its FM channels in Indore, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Vizag and Goa to private operators, who developed their own program content. [[The Times Group]] operated its brand, Times FM, till June 1998. After that, the government decided not to renew contracts given to private operators. Instead, in 2000, the government announced the auction of 108 FM frequencies across India, opening up the FM broadcasting industry to private competition.
Until 1993, [[All India Radio]], a government undertaking, was the only radio broadcaster in India. The government then decided to privatise the radio broadcasting sector.{{Citation needed|date = July 2015}} It sold airtime blocks on its FM channels in Indore, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Vizag and Goa to private operators, who developed their own program content. [[The Times Group]] operated its brand, Times FM, till June 1998. After that, the government decided not to renew contracts given to private operators. Instead, in 2000, the government announced the auction of 108 FM frequencies across India, opening up the FM broadcasting industry to private competition.


[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] Bangalore, started on July 3, 2001, is India's first private FM radio station.<ref name="SAGE">{{Cite journal|last=Sen|first=Biswarup|date=26 August 2014|title=A new kind of radio: FM broadcasting in India|journal=Media, Culture & Society|language=en|volume=36|issue=8|pages=1084–1099|doi=10.1177/0163443714544998|s2cid=143785018}}</ref> It launched with presenters such as Vera, Rohit Barker, Seetal Iyer, Jonzie Kurian, Geeta Modgil, Suresh Venkat, and Chaitanya Hegde and Priya Ganapathy on the weekends.<ref>[[Radio City (Indian radio station)]]</ref> [[The Times Group]] rebranded their radio operations, establishing the [[Radio Mirchi]] brand. The first [[Radio Mirchi]] station began broadcasting on October 4, 2001 in [[Indore]].
[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] Bangalore, started on July 3, 2001, is India's first private [https://radioly.app FM radio] station.<ref name="SAGE">{{Cite journal|last=Sen|first=Biswarup|date=26 August 2014|title=A new kind of radio: FM broadcasting in India|journal=Media, Culture & Society|language=en|volume=36|issue=8|pages=1084–1099|doi=10.1177/0163443714544998|s2cid=143785018}}</ref> It launched with presenters such as Vera, Rohit Barker, Seetal Iyer, Jonzie Kurian, Geeta Modgil, Suresh Venkat, and Chaitanya Hegde and Priya Ganapathy on the weekends.<ref>[[Radio City (Indian radio station)]]</ref> [[The Times Group]] rebranded their radio operations, establishing the [[Radio Mirchi]] brand. The first [[Radio Mirchi]] station began broadcasting on October 4, 2001 in [[Indore]].


Indian policy currently states that these broadcasters are assessed a one-time entry fee (OTEF), for a license period of 10 years. Under the Indian accounting system, this amount is amortised over the 10-year period at 10% per annum. The annual license fee for private broadcasters is either 4% of revenue share or 10% of [[Reservation price|reserve price]], whichever is higher.
Indian policy currently states that these broadcasters are assessed a one-time entry fee (OTEF), for a license period of 10 years. Under the Indian accounting system, this amount is amortised over the 10-year period at 10% per annum. The annual license fee for private broadcasters is either 4% of revenue share or 10% of [[Reservation price|reserve price]], whichever is higher.
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|-
|-
|Radio Jamia (''see [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]'')
|Radio Jamia (''see [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]'')
|90.4&nbsp;MHz
|'''90.4&nbsp;MHz'''
|Multilingual
|Multilingual
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|[[FM Rainbow Lucknow]]
|[[FM Rainbow Lucknow]]
|100.7MHZ
|100.7 MHZ
|Hindi
|Hindi
|-
|-
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===Kolkata, West Bengal===
===Kolkata, West Bengal===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Community radio|Radio]] [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute|SRFTI]] (90.4&nbsp;MHz, Available within a 10 Km radius of the film institute)<ref>https://communityvoices.in/directory/community-media-profile/1409/</ref>
*[[Community radio|Radio]] [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute|SRFTI]] (90.4&nbsp;MHz, Available within a 10 Km radius of the film institute)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communityvoices.in/directory/community-media-profile/1409/|title=Community Media: SRFTI 90.4 F.M., Kolkata, West Bengal &#124; profile by CommunityVoices.in}}</ref>
*[[Community radio|Radio]] [[Jadavpur University|JU]] (90.8&nbsp;MHz, Available within a 5&nbsp;km radius of the University, from 11:00 AM to 7:30 PM) <ref>http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/radioju.php</ref>
*[[Community radio|Radio]] [[Jadavpur University|JU]] (90.8&nbsp;MHz, Available within a 5&nbsp;km radius of the University, from 11:00 AM to 7:30 PM)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/radioju.php|title = Welcome to Jadavpur University website}}</ref>
*[[Community radio|Y FM]] NSHM (91.2&nbsp;MHz, Available within a 10&nbsp;km radius of the institute, from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM)<ref>http://www.nshm.com/fm-nshm-community-radio/</ref>
*[[Community radio|Y FM]] NSHM (91.2&nbsp;MHz, Available within a 10&nbsp;km radius of the institute, from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nshm.com/fm-nshm-community-radio/|title = Home}}</ref>
*[[Friends FM]] (91.9&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Friends FM]] (91.9&nbsp;MHz)
*[[BIG FM 92.7|Big FM]] (92.7&nbsp;MHz)
*[[BIG FM 92.7|Big FM]] (92.7&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] (93.5&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] (93.5&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Radio One (India)|Radio One]] (94.3&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Radio One (India)|Radio One]] (94.3&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Radio Mirchi]] (98.3&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Radio Mirchi]] (98.3&nbsp;MHz)(Bengali,Hindi)
*[[AIR FM Gold]] (100.1&nbsp;MHz)
*[[AIR FM Gold]] (100.1&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Vividh Bharati|AIR FM Vividh Bharati]] (101.8&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Vividh Bharati|AIR FM Vividh Bharati]] (101.8&nbsp;MHz)
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*[[Gyan Vani]] (106.4&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Gyan Vani]] (106.4&nbsp;MHz)
*[[AIR FM Gold]] (736 MW)
*[[AIR FM Gold]] (736 MW)
{{div col end}}
=== Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh ===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[All India Radio|AIR Ayodhya]] Radio (101.4&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Ayodhya|Awadhi Radio]] (98.2&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Big FM (Indian radio station)|Big FM]] (92.7&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] (93.5&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Fever 104 FM]] (95.0&nbsp;MHz)
*[[All India Radio|Radio Ayodhya]] (102.9&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Vividh Bharati]] (103.7&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Air|Awadh University Radio]] (96.9&nbsp;MHz)
*[[Ayodhya|NAG FM]] (106.4&nbsp;MHz)
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


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{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


=== Ahmedabad, Gujarat===
=== Ahmedabad, Gujarat ===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Radio Mirchi]] - 98.3 FM (Times Group)
*[[Radio Mirchi]] - 98.3 FM (Times Group)
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|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|-
|-
|[[Big 92.7 FM]]  
|[[Big 92.7 FM (Just for fun)]]:) .  (:
|92.7
|92.7
|Telugu/Hindi
|Telugu/Hindi
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|-
|-
|[[All India Radio]] (AIR / AIR / Twin Cities FM Rainbow)
|[[All India Radio]] (AIR / AIR / Twin Cities FM Rainbow)
|101.9
|143.3
 
|Telugu
|Telugu
|-
|-
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|Hindi
|Hindi
|-
|-
|[[Kool 104]]  
|[[Kool 104]]
|104  
|104  
|English
|English
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*[[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] 93.5 FM - [[Hindi]]
*[[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] 93.5 FM - [[Hindi]]
*[[Radio One (India)|Radio ONE]] FM 94.3 - [[English language|English]]
*[[Radio One (India)|Radio ONE]] FM 94.3 - [[English language|English]]
*[[Mirchi 95]] 95 FM - [[Hindi]]<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Tune-into-Radio-Mirchi-95-FM-for-the-latest-Bollywood-music/articleshow/52115907.cms</ref>
*[[Radio Mirchi]] 95 FM - [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Tune-into-Radio-Mirchi-95-FM-for-the-latest-Bollywood-music/articleshow/52115907.cms|title = Tune into Radio Mirchi 95 FM for the latest Bollywood music &#124; Bengaluru News - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
*[[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3 FM Kannada  
*[[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3 FM Kannada  
*[[Ragam]] 100.1 FM (Classical)
*[[Ragam]] 100.1 FM (Classical)
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*Hello FM (106.4), Tamil
*Hello FM (106.4), Tamil
*[[Suryan FM |Suryan FM 93.5]], Tamil
*[[Suryan FM |Suryan FM 93.5]], Tamil
*Fever FM 91.9, Tamil
*[[Fever 104 FM|Fever FM 91.9]], Tamil
*[[BIG FM 92.7]],Tamil
*[[BIG FM 92.7]],Tamil
*[[Radio City (Indian Radio Station)|Radio City FM 91.1]], Tamil
*[[Radio City (Indian Radio Station)|Radio City FM 91.1]], Tamil
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*[[Radio DC]] FM 90.4, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
*[[Radio DC]] FM 90.4, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
*Radio Macfast FM 90.4, [[Thiruvalla]]
*Radio Macfast FM 90.4, [[Thiruvalla]]
*AIR Real FM 103.6 in [[Kozhikkode]]
*AIR Real FM 103.6 in [[Kozhikode]]
*Best FM 95.00 in [[Thrissur]] & [[Kannur]]
*Best FM 95.00 in [[Thrissur]] & [[Kannur]]
*[[Radio Mango 91.9]], in [[Kochi]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kozhikode]] & [[Kannur]]
*[[Radio Mango 91.9]], in [[Kochi]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kozhikode]] & [[Kannur]] & 92.7 in Alappuzha
*[[Red FM 93.5]] in [[Thiruvanathapuram]], [[Kochi]], [[Kozhikkode]] & [[Kannur]]  
*[[Red FM 93.5]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kochi]], [[Kozhikode]] & [[Kannur]]  
* Red FM 91.1 in [[Thrissur]]
* Red FM 91.1 in [[Thrissur]]
*[[Club FM 94.3]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kochi]] & [[Kannur]] ;  
*[[Club FM 94.3]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kochi]] & [[Kannur]] ;
* ClubFM 104.8 in [[Thrissur]] & [[Kozhikode]]
*[[94.3 Club FM|Club FM]] 104.8 [[Alappuzha]]
* Club FM 104.8 in [[Thrissur]] & [[Kozhikode]]
*[[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3 in [[Thiruvananthapuram]],
*[[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3 in [[Thiruvananthapuram]],
*[[BIG FM 92.7]] in Thiruvananthapuram
*[[BIG FM 92.7]] in Thiruvananthapuram
*AIR FM Rainbow 107.5 in [[Kochi]]
*AIR FM Rainbow 107.5 in [[Kochi]]
*AIR Ananthapuri FM 101.9 in [[Thiruvanathapuram]],
*AIR Ananthapuri FM 101.9 in [[Thiruvananthapuram]],
*AIR Thiruvananthapuram 106.5
*AIR Thiruvananthapuram 106.5
*AIR Thrissur 101.1
*AIR Thrissur 101.1

Latest revision as of 14:51, 4 March 2023


The FM broadcasting in India began in 1977, but boomed after 2001 when the privatisation of FM broadcasting began. AIR's FM LRS ( Local Radio Station ) was inaugurated on 1 July 2000 at 06:00 hours in Kodaikanal relaying Madurai programs in the frequency 100.5 MHz. 100.5 was so much popular and LRS was upgraded to a FM Channel in just two months. The channel covered a radius of about 200km due to its location at 2200 meters above MSL at Kodaikanal. KODAI FM, as it is popularly known. It is the biggest individual FM channel in India in both area coverage and listenership.

As of December 2018, there are more than 369 operational private radio stations in more than 101 cities and towns across India.[1] The Government of India-owned All India Radio has about 450 FM stations covering 39% of the area and 52% of the population of India.[2][3]

History[edit]

FM broadcasting began on 23 July 1977 in Chennai, then Madras, and was expanded during the 1990s, nearly 50 years after it mushroomed in the US.[4] The country first experimented with private FM broadcasts in the small tourist destination of Goa and the large metropolitan areas of Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. These were followed by private stations in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Jaipur and Lucknow.

Until 1993, All India Radio, a government undertaking, was the only radio broadcaster in India. The government then decided to privatise the radio broadcasting sector.[citation needed] It sold airtime blocks on its FM channels in Indore, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Vizag and Goa to private operators, who developed their own program content. The Times Group operated its brand, Times FM, till June 1998. After that, the government decided not to renew contracts given to private operators. Instead, in 2000, the government announced the auction of 108 FM frequencies across India, opening up the FM broadcasting industry to private competition.

Radio City Bangalore, started on July 3, 2001, is India's first private FM radio station.[5] It launched with presenters such as Vera, Rohit Barker, Seetal Iyer, Jonzie Kurian, Geeta Modgil, Suresh Venkat, and Chaitanya Hegde and Priya Ganapathy on the weekends.[6] The Times Group rebranded their radio operations, establishing the Radio Mirchi brand. The first Radio Mirchi station began broadcasting on October 4, 2001 in Indore.

Indian policy currently states that these broadcasters are assessed a one-time entry fee (OTEF), for a license period of 10 years. Under the Indian accounting system, this amount is amortised over the 10-year period at 10% per annum. The annual license fee for private broadcasters is either 4% of revenue share or 10% of reserve price, whichever is higher.

India's earlier attempts to privatise its FM channels ran into rough weather when private players bid heavily and most could not meet their commitments to pay the government the amounts they owed.[citation needed]

Content[edit]

Nationally, many of the current FM broadcasters, including the Times of India, Hindustan Times, Mid-Day, and BBC are established media institutions in the country, and are making a strong pitch for news on FM, which is currently limited to nationalised stations only. Private FM stations are allowed to rebroadcast news from All India Radio, as long as they do so without any changes or additions.[7] The Supreme Court of India on 17 October 2013 issued a public interest litigation to the central government requesting that the rules should be changed to allow FM stations to broadcast news reports.[8]

Radio stations by location[edit]

See also: List of FM radio stations in India

National Capital Region[edit]

Name Frequency Language
Radio Jamia (see Jamia Millia Islamia) 90.4 MHz Multilingual
RADIO 7 90.4 MHZ Hindi
Delhi University Community Radio 90.4 MHz Multilingual
Radio SD 90.8 90.8 MHz Hindi
Radio City 91.1 MHz Multilingual
Big FM 92.7 MHz Multilingual
Red FM 93.5 MHz Multilingual
MY Fm 94.3Mhz Hindi
Radio One 94.3 MHz Hindi English
Hit FM 95.0 MHz Hindi
Apna Radio (Indian Institute of Mass Communication) 96.9 MHz Multilingual
Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz Multilingual
AIR FM Gold 100.1 MHz Multilingual
FM Rainbow Lucknow 100.7 MHZ Hindi
All India Radio JAIPUR 101.2 MHZ Hindi
AIR FM Rainbow 102.6 MHz Hindi
AIR AlWAR 103.1MHZ Hindi
Fever 104 104.0 MHz Hindi
104.8 Ishq 104.8 MHz Hindi
Gyan Vani 105.6 MHz Hindi
Vividh Bharti (All India Radio) 106.4 MHz Hindi
Radio Nasha 107.2 MHz Hindi
Sawai Madhopur FM 101.5 MHz Hindi
Noida FM 107.4 MHz Hindi
Gurgaon Ki Awaz 107.8 MHz Hindi

[9][10]

Kolkata, West Bengal[edit]

Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh[edit]

Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh[edit]

Jaipur, Rajasthan[edit]

Ahmedabad, Gujarat[edit]

  • Radio Mirchi - 98.3 FM (Times Group)
  • My FM - 94.3 FM D B Corp Ltd.
  • Red FM - 93.5 FM (Sun Group
  • Radio City - 91.1 FM (Music Broadcast Limited)
  • Radio One - 95.0 FM (Only Bollywood Retro Station of Ahmedabad)
  • AIR Vividh Bharati - 96.7 FM (All India Radio)
  • Micavaani - 90.4 FM (Mudra Institute of Communications)
  • AIR Gyan Vaani - 105.4 FM (All India Radio)
  • Mirchi Love - 104 FM (Times Group)
  • All India radio - 100.1 FM
  • Radio Nazariya - 107.8 FM (Drishti)

Hyderabad[edit]

Name Frequency Language
Bol 90.4 FM 90.4 Multilingual
Radio City 91.1 Telugu
Big 92.7 FM (Just for fun):) . (: 92.7 Telugu/Hindi
Red FM 93.5 Telugu
Fever Fm 94.3 Hindi
Mirchi 95 95 Hindi
Radio Mirchi 98.3 Telugu
All India Radio (AIR / AIR / Twin Cities FM Rainbow) 143.3 Telugu
All India Radio (AIR / AIR / Vvd Bharti) 102.8 Hindi
Kool 104 104 English
Gyan Vani 105.6 Hindi
Magic Fm 106.4 Telugu
Radio Charminar 107.8 Telugu/Hindi
Deccan Radio 107.8 Hindi

Mumbai, Maharashtra[edit]

Bengaluru, Karnataka[edit]

Chennai, Tamil Nadu[9][edit]

Kerala state[edit]

Market view[edit]

Traditionally, radio accounts for 7% to 8% of advertiser expenditures around the world. In India, it is less than 2% at present.[citation needed]

The ministry of broadcasting in India is setting up more (86) FM Radio to all parts of India by March 2017.[15]

List of FM Stations in Jaipur:

  1. 91.1 Radio City (Listenership; 2.8 lacs plus)
  2. 98.3 Radio Mirchi (Listenership; 10 lacs plus)
  3. 93.5 Red FM (Listenership; 9.5 lacs plus)
  4. 95 Tadka (Listenership; 4.3 lacs plus)
  5. 94.3 MY FM (Listenership; 18 lacs plus)

Current allocation process[edit]

In FM Phase II — the latest round of the long-delayed opening up of private FM in India — some 338 frequencies were offered of which about 237 were sold.[citation needed]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). mib.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). allindiaradio.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ↑ "Get Apps | Prasar Bharati".
  4. ↑ "Mile Stone". allindiaradio.org. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012.
  5. ↑ Sen, Biswarup (26 August 2014). "A new kind of radio: FM broadcasting in India". Media, Culture & Society. 36 (8): 1084–1099. doi:10.1177/0163443714544998. S2CID 143785018.
  6. ↑ Radio City (Indian radio station)
  7. ↑ "Control freakery". The Indian Express. Oct 19, 2013. Retrieved Oct 19, 2013.
  8. ↑ "Why not let private radio stations air news?". Hindustan Times. October 17, 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "FM Radio Stations in". trace.bharatiyamobile.com. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
  10. ↑ "Delhi Radio Stations on FM, mediumwave and shortwave". www.asiawaves.net. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
  11. ↑ "Community Media: SRFTI 90.4 F.M., Kolkata, West Bengal | profile by CommunityVoices.in".
  12. ↑ "Welcome to Jadavpur University website".
  13. ↑ "Home".
  14. ↑ "Tune into Radio Mirchi 95 FM for the latest Bollywood music | Bengaluru News - Times of India". The Times of India.
  15. ↑ "86 new AIR stations to come up by March 2017".

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