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{{Short description|Hindustani raga}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox raga | {{Infobox raga | ||
| name = Kedar | | name = Kedar | ||
| image_name = | | image_name = | ||
| image_alt = | | image_alt = | ||
| thaat = [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]] | | thaat = [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]] | ||
| type = Chanchal raga | | type = Chanchal raga | ||
| time = 1st prahar of the night | | time = 1st prahar of the night | ||
| season = No specific season but sung mostly in [[rainy season]] | | season = No specific season but sung mostly in [[rainy season]] | ||
| arohana = S M G P D N S'(Tar Saptak) | | arohana = S M G P D N S'(Tar Saptak) | ||
| avarohana = S' N D P M ({{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra}}) P M R S | | avarohana = S' N D P M ({{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra}}) P M R S | ||
| | | jaati = Shaadav-Sampoorn | ||
| vadi = | | vadi = Ma | ||
| samavadi = | | samavadi = Sa | ||
| pakad = The [[pakad]] of this raga is सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा | | pakad = The [[pakad]] of this raga is सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा | ||
| chalan = सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा | | chalan = सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा | ||
| synonym = [[Hameer]] raga | | synonym = [[Hameer]] raga | ||
| equivalent = [[Hameer]], [[Gaud Sarang]], Kamod, [[Chhayanat (raga)|Chhayanat]]. | | equivalent = [[Hameer]], [[Gaud Sarang]], Kamod, [[Chhayanat (raga)|Chhayanat]]. | ||
| similar = raga Hameer Kalyani (Carnatic raaga) | | similar = raga Hameer Kalyani (Carnatic raaga) | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Hindustani Classical Music}} | {{Hindustani Classical Music}} | ||
[[File:Kedara Ragini.jpg|thumb|Kedara Ragini]] | [[File:Kedara Ragini.jpg|thumb|Kedara Ragini]] | ||
Raga '''Kedar''', also known as '''Kedara''', is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]]. Named after [[Lord Shiva]], the raga | Raga '''Kedar''', also known as '''Kedara''', is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]]. Named after [[Lord Shiva]], the raga occupies a high pedestal in [[Indian classical music]]. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the [[Svara|swaras]] सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation. | ||
==Origin== | == Origin == | ||
The raga emerges from the [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan | The raga emerges from the [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan thaat]]. This raga is named after [[Lord Shiva]] and is loved by [[Lord Krishna]]. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in [[Gokul]] was mesmerized. | ||
==Technical description== | == Technical description == | ||
The raga is of ''shaadava-sampurna'' nature, i.e., in its [[arohana]] (ascent), only six notes are used, | The raga is of ''shaadava-sampurna'' nature, i.e., in its [[arohana]] (ascent), only six notes are used, and in [[avarohana]] (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using ''arohana'' and ''avarohana''. | ||
The raga uses only natural (''shuddha'') versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}'') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}, M- {{lang|hi-Latn|shuddh}})" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (''{{lang|hi-Latn|komal}}'') version (n). | The raga uses only natural (''shuddha'') versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}'') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}, M- {{lang|hi-Latn|shuddh}})" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (''{{lang|hi-Latn|komal}}'') version (n). | ||
[[Arohana]]: S M, M'P D M , D N S` | [[Arohana]]: S M, M'P D M , D N S` | ||
| Line 38: | Line 39: | ||
[[Pakad]]: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S | [[Pakad]]: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S | ||
The notes of the | The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) p d n s. | ||
The most prominent ([[Vadi (music)|vadi]]) note is m, and the second most prominent ([[samvadi]]) is S. | The most prominent ([[Vadi (music)|vadi]]) note is m, and the second most prominent ([[samvadi]]) is S. | ||
==Samay | == Samay == | ||
The raga is to be sung | The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first ''[[prahar]]'' of night. Most ragas with ''{{lang|hi-Latn|teevra}}'' ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas). | ||
Most | |||
==Further | == Further information == | ||
The [[meend]] from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again | The [[meend]] from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a [[grace note]] in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one ''{{lang|hi-Latn|swara}}'' to another are complicated, and the extent of use of the different ''{{lang|hi-Latn|swaras}}'' often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with [[Hameer]], [[Gaud Sarang]], Kamod, [[Chhayanat (raga)|Chhayanat]] and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like [[khayal]]s, [[thumri]]s, [[dhrupad]]s, as well as light classical songs based on it. | ||
According to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], | According to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind is made aware, without arousing cynicism. | ||
== Variants == | |||
* Adambari Kedar | |||
* Anandi Kedar | |||
* Basanti Kedar | |||
* Chandni Kedar | |||
* Deepak Kedar | |||
* Jaladhar Kedar | |||
* Kedar Bahar | |||
* Kedari Malhar | |||
* Maluha Kedar | * Maluha Kedar | ||
* Nat Kedar | * Nat Kedar | ||
* | * Shuddha Kedar | ||
* Kedar | * Shyam Kedar | ||
* Tilak Kedar | * Tilak Kedar | ||
== Film | == Film songs == | ||
=== | === Tamil === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Song | ! Song | ||
!Movie | ! Movie | ||
!Composer | ! Composer | ||
!Singer | ! Singer | ||
|- | |- | ||
|En Uyir Thozhi | | En Uyir Thozhi | ||
|[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]] | | [[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]] | ||
| rowspan="2" |[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] | | rowspan="2" | [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] | ||
|[[P. Susheela]] | | [[P. Susheela]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Udaluku Uyir Kaaval | | Udaluku Uyir Kaaval | ||
|[[Manapanthal]] | | [[Manapanthal]] | ||
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]] | | [[P. B. Sreenivas]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kannizhantha | | Kannizhantha | ||
|[[Enippadigal]] | | [[Enippadigal]] | ||
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]] | | [[K. V. Mahadevan]] | ||
|[[P. Susheela]] | | [[P. Susheela]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho | | Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho | ||
|[[Chandhrodhayam]] | | [[Chandhrodhayam]] | ||
| rowspan="5" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]] | | rowspan="5" | [[M. S. Viswanathan]] | ||
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]] | | [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kannile Enna Undu | | Kannile Enna Undu | ||
|[[Aval Oru Thodar Kathai]] | | [[Aval Oru Thodar Kathai]] | ||
|[[P. Susheela]] | | [[P. Susheela]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Vellaikkamalathiley | | Vellaikkamalathiley | ||
|[[Gowri Kalyanam]] | | [[Gowri Kalyanam]] | ||
|[[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] | | [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Aval Oru Navarasa | | Aval Oru Navarasa | ||
|[[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]] | | [[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]] | ||
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] | | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu | | Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu | ||
|Silambu | | Silambu | ||
|[[K. S. Chitra]] | | rowspan=2|[[K. S. Chitra]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja | | Netru parthatho | ||
| En Kanavar | |||
| [[S. P. Venkatesh]] | |||
|- | |||
| Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja | |||
(Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Valaji) | (Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Valaji) | ||
|Madhanamaaligai | | Madhanamaaligai | ||
|M. B. Sreenivasan | | M. B. Sreenivasan | ||
|[[P. Suseela]], [[K. J. Yesudas]] | | [[P. Suseela]], [[K. J. Yesudas]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kadhal Oviyam | | Kadhal Oviyam | ||
|[[Kavikkuyil]] | | [[Kavikkuyil]] | ||
|rowspan="3"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]] | | rowspan="3" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]] | ||
|[[Sujatha Mohan]] | | [[Sujatha Mohan]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kaiyil Veenai | | Kaiyil Veenai | ||
|[[Vietnam Colony (1994 film)|Vietnam Colony]] | | [[Vietnam Colony (1994 film)|Vietnam Colony]] | ||
|[[Bombay Jayashree]] | | [[Bombay Jayashree]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Inimel Naalum | | Inimel Naalum | ||
|Iravu Pookal | | Iravu Pookal | ||
|[[S. Janaki]] | | [[S. Janaki]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Nila Kaikiradhu | | Nila Kaikiradhu | ||
|[[Indira (film)|Indira]] | | [[Indira (film)|Indira]] | ||
|rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" | [[A. R. Rahman]] | ||
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] | | [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Swasame Swasame | | Swasame Swasame | ||
(Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Maand) | (Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Maand) | ||
|[[Thenali]] | | [[Thenali]] | ||
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]] | | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]] | ||
|- | |||
| Kanava Illai Kaatra | |||
| [[Ratchagan]] | |||
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]] | |||
|- | |||
| Murali Mogha | |||
| [[Atrangi Re|Galatta Kalyanam]] | |||
| [[Haricharan]], [[K. S. Chitra]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Manasukkul | ||
|[[ | | [[Kalyana Agathigal]] | ||
|[[ | | V. S. Narasimhan | ||
| Raj Sitaraman, [[P. Susheela]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Iruvathu Vayathu Varai | ||
|[[ | | [[Kannodu Kanbathellam]] | ||
| | | rowspan=2|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]] | ||
| | | [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[S. Janaki]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Pirivellam | ||
|[[ | | [[Soori (2003 film)|Soori]] | ||
| [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Chinmayi]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Hindi === | ||
Following are the | Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar: | ||
* {{transl|hi|Bekas pe karam kijie ye}} - [[Mughal-e-Azam]] (1960)- [[Lata Mangeshkar]] | * {{transl|hi|Bekas pe karam kijie ye}} - [[Mughal-e-Azam]] (1960)- [[Lata Mangeshkar]] | ||
* {{transl|hi|Bole to bansuri kahi}} - [[Sawan Ko Aane Do]] (1979)- [[Yesudas]] | * {{transl|hi|Bole to bansuri kahi}} - [[Sawan Ko Aane Do]] (1979)- [[Yesudas]] | ||
* {{transl|hi|Darshan do Ghanashyam naath | * {{transl|hi|Darshan do Ghanashyam naath – Narsi Bhagat}} (1957) – [[Hemant Kumar]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Sudha Malhotra]], Chorus | ||
* {{transl|hi|Hum ko mann ko shakti dena}} - [[Guddi (1971 film)|Guddi]] (1971) | * {{transl|hi|Hum ko mann ko shakti dena}} - [[Guddi (1971 film)|Guddi]] (1971) – [[Vani Jairam]] | ||
==References== | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | |||
* https://chrandrakanta.com | ==Sources== | ||
* http://www.tanarang.com/english/kedar_eng.htm | *<ref>[https://chrandrakanta.com/ Chandra Kanta]</ref> | ||
* https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/ | * {{Cite web|title=Raag Kedar - Indian Classical Music - Tanarang.com|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/kedar_eng.htm|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.tanarang.com}} | ||
* https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/variants-kedar/ | * {{Cite web|title=Raga Kedar – A Perspective|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}} | ||
* {{Cite web|title=On the Variants of Kedar|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/variants-kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}} | |||
==External links== | == External links == | ||
* [http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/ Raga Kedar | * [http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/ Raga Kedar – A Perspective] | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas] | ||
* | * {{Cite web|url=http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html|title=Know your Raga : Thaat|date=14 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514234610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html|archive-date=14 May 2007}} | ||
* | * {{Cite web|url=http://www.sawf.org/music/articles.asp?pn=Music|title=Sawf Archive of Articles on Classical Indian Music|date=10 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510143551/http://www.sawf.org/music/articles.asp?pn=Music|archive-date=10 May 2007}} | ||
* | * {{Cite web|url=https://oceanofragas.com/ocean_htmlpages/kedar.html|title=Ocean Of Ragas|website=oceanofragas.com}} | ||
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}} | {{Rāgas as per Performance Time}} | ||
| Line 182: | Line 195: | ||
{{India-music-stub}} | {{India-music-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:40, 9 June 2022
| Thaat | Kalyan |
|---|---|
| Type | Chanchal raga |
| Time of day | 1st prahar of the night |
| Season | No specific season but sung mostly in rainy season |
| Arohana | S M G P D N S'(Tar Saptak) |
| Avarohana | S' N D P M (Tivra) P M R S |
| Pakad | The pakad of this raga is सा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा |
| Chalan | सा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा |
| Vadi | Ma |
| Samavadi | Sa |
| Synonym | Hameer raga |
| Equivalent | Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat. |
| Similar | raga Hameer Kalyani (Carnatic raaga) |
| Hindustani classical music |
|---|
| Concepts |
| Genres |
| Thaats |
Raga Kedar, also known as Kedara, is a Hindustani classical raga. Named after Lord Shiva, the raga occupies a high pedestal in Indian classical music. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the swaras सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation.
Origin[edit | edit source]
The raga emerges from the Kalyan thaat. This raga is named after Lord Shiva and is loved by Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in Gokul was mesmerized.
Technical description[edit | edit source]
The raga is of shaadava-sampurna nature, i.e., in its arohana (ascent), only six notes are used, and in avarohana (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using arohana and avarohana.
The raga uses only natural (shuddha) versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (tivra) versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- tivra, M- shuddh)" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (komal) version (n).
Arohana: S M, M'P D M , D N S`
Avarohana: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S
Pakad: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S
The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is tivra) p d n s.
The most prominent (vadi) note is m, and the second most prominent (samvadi) is S.
Samay[edit | edit source]
The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first prahar of night. Most ragas with teevra ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas).
Further information[edit | edit source]
The meend from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a grace note in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one swara to another are complicated, and the extent of use of the different swaras often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like khayals, thumris, dhrupads, as well as light classical songs based on it.
According to the Guru Granth Sahib, raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind is made aware, without arousing cynicism.
Variants[edit | edit source]
- Adambari Kedar
- Anandi Kedar
- Basanti Kedar
- Chandni Kedar
- Deepak Kedar
- Jaladhar Kedar
- Kedar Bahar
- Kedari Malhar
- Maluha Kedar
- Nat Kedar
- Shuddha Kedar
- Shyam Kedar
- Tilak Kedar
Film songs[edit | edit source]
Tamil[edit | edit source]
Hindi[edit | edit source]
Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar:
- Bekas pe karam kijie ye - Mughal-e-Azam (1960)- Lata Mangeshkar
- Bole to bansuri kahi - Sawan Ko Aane Do (1979)- Yesudas
- Darshan do Ghanashyam naath – Narsi Bhagat (1957) – Hemant Kumar, Manna Dey, Sudha Malhotra, Chorus
- Hum ko mann ko shakti dena - Guddi (1971) – Vani Jairam
References[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
- [1]
- "Raag Kedar - Indian Classical Music - Tanarang.com". www.tanarang.com. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- "Raga Kedar – A Perspective". Rajan Parrikar Music Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- "On the Variants of Kedar". Rajan Parrikar Music Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Raga Kedar – A Perspective
- SRA on Samay and Ragas
- "Know your Raga : Thaat". 14 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 May 2007.
- "Sawf Archive of Articles on Classical Indian Music". 10 May 2007. Archived from the original on 10 May 2007.
- "Ocean Of Ragas". oceanofragas.com.