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{{Short description|Freedom Fighter also known as KranthiVeera}}
{{for|the films|Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna}}
{{for|the films|Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name              = Sangolli Rayanna
| name              = Rayanna
| title              = Krantiveera
| title              = Krantiveera
| image              = SangolliRayannaPic.jpg
| image              = Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna 1.jpg
| alt                = Artistic representation of Sangolli Rayanna
| alt                = Statue of Sangolli Rayanna at Bengaluru Karnataka
| birth_name        = Rayanna
| birth_name        = Rayanna
| birth_date        = {{Birth-date|15 August 1796}}
| birth_date        =  
| birth_place        = [[Sangolli]],TQ: Bailhongal (Sampagavi) Dist: [[Belgaum ]]
| birth_place        = [[Sangolli]],TQ: Bailhongal (Sampagavi) Dist: [[Belgaum]]
| death_date        = {{Death-date and age|26 January 1831|15 August 1796}}
| death_date        =  
| death_place        = Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:[[Belgaum]]
| death_place        = Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:[[Belgaum]]
| burial_place      = Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:[[Belgaum ]]
| burial_place      = Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:[[Belgaum]]
| nationality        = Indian
| nationality        = Indian
| other_names        = Rayanna Bharamappa Rogannavar
| other_names        = Rayanna Bharamappa Rogannavar
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}}
}}


'''Sangolli Rayanna''' (15 August 1796 – 26 January 1831){{citation needed|reason=These dates look made up. They respectively fall on Independence day and republic day of India|date=February 2016}} was an Indian military Shetsanadi (Sainik) and [[warrior]] in the Kittur princely state of the [[Karnataka]]. He was the Shetsanadi of the [[monarchy|Kingdom]] of [[Kittur]] ruled at the time by [[Kittur Chennamma|Rani Chennamma]] and fought the [[British East India Company]] till his death. His life was the subject of the 2012 [[Kannada]] film ''[[Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Sangolli Rayanna]]''.Sangolli Rayanna, the 18th century warrior and freedom fighter of the [[Kuruba|valmiki]] community
'''Sangolli Rayanna''' was born on 15 August 1798<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title=Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Celebrating-the-life-and-times-of-Sangolli-Rayanna/article17089626.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 January 2017 }}</ref> was a nineteenth century Indian revolutionary, military chief (''Shetsanadi)'' and warrior in the [[Kittur]] princely state in the present day Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. He was the ''Shetsanadi'' of the Kingdom of Kittur ruled at the time by [[Kittur Chennamma|Rani Channamma]] and fought the [[British East India Company]] till his death. He died on 26 January 1831,<ref name="The Hindu"/> at the age of 33. He belonged to the [[Kuruba Gowda]] community.<ref>{{cite news|title=Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2016/dec/06/sangolli-rayanna-and-the-rise-of-caste-heroes-1546119.html|publisher=New Indian Express|date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> His life was the subject of the 2012 [[Kannada]] film ''[[Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Sangolli Rayanna]].


== Activities ==
== Activities ==


Sangolli Rayanna participated in the 1824 rebellion and was arrested by the British, who released him later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna and the rise of caste heroes|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2016/dec/06/sangolli-rayanna-and-the-rise-of-caste-heroes-1546119.html|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> He continued to fight the [[British India|British]] and wanted to install the adopted son of King Mallasarja and Rani Chennamma, namely Shivalingappa as the ruler of Kittur.<ref name="congress">{{cite book|last=Gopalakrishnan(Editor)|first=Subramanian|title=The South Indian rebellions: before and after 1800|year=2007|publisher=Palaniappa Brothers|location=Chennai|isbn=9788183795005|pages=103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i81mLhBEBgQC&pg=PA103 |edition=1st|author2=Gopalakrishnan, edited by S. }}</ref> He mobilised local people and started a guerilla type war against the British.<ref name="congress" /> He and his guerrilla army moved from place to place, burnt government offices, waylaid British troops and plundered treasuries.<ref name="congress" /> Most of his land was confiscated and what remained of it was heavily taxed. He taxed the landlords and built up an army from the masses.  The British troops could not defeat him in open battle. Hence, by treachery, he was caught in April 1830 and tied up by the British; and sentenced to death.<ref name="congress" /> Shivalingappa, the boy who was supposed to be the new ruler, was also arrested by the British.<ref name="congress" />
Sangolli Rayanna participated in the 1824 rebellion and was arrested by the British, who released him later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna and the rise of caste heroes|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2016/dec/06/sangolli-rayanna-and-the-rise-of-caste-heroes-1546119.html|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> He continued to fight the [[British India|British]] and wanted to install the adopted son of King Mallasarja and Rani Chennamma, namely Shivalingappa as the ruler of Kittur.<ref name="congress">{{cite book|editor-last=Gopalakrishnan|editor-first=Subramanian|title=The South Indian rebellions: before and after 1800|year=2007|publisher=Palaniappa Brothers|location=Chennai|isbn=9788183795005|pages=103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i81mLhBEBgQC&pg=PA103 |edition=1st|author1=Gopalakrishnan}}</ref> He mobilised local people and started a guerilla type war against the British.<ref name="congress" /> He and his guerrilla army moved from place to place, burnt government offices, waylaid British troops and plundered treasuries.<ref name="congress" /> Most of his land was confiscated and what remained of it was heavily taxed. He taxed the landlords and built up an army from the masses.  The British troops could not defeat him in open battle. Hence, by treachery, he was caught in April 1830 and tied up by the British; and sentenced to death.<ref name="congress" /> Shivalingappa, the boy who was supposed to be the new ruler, was also arrested by the British.<ref name="congress" />


Rayanna was executed by hanging from a Banyan tree about 4 kilometers from Nandagad in Belagavi district on 26 January 1831.<ref name=herald>{{cite news|last=R P|first=Sambasadashiva Reddy|title=Miscellany|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100063/ipl-2012.html|access-date=5 November 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald, Bangalore}}</ref>
Rayanna was executed by hanging from a Banyan tree near Nandagad,<ref name=herald>{{cite news|last=R P|first=Sambasadashiva Reddy|title=Miscellany|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100063/ipl-2012.html|access-date=5 November 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald, Bangalore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215656/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100063/ipl-2012.html|archive-date=4 October 2013}}</ref> on 26 January 1831 at the age of 33.<ref name="The Hindu"/>


Rayanna was helped by Gajaveera, a [[Siddi]] warrior, in his revolt against the British in 1829–30.<ref name=shanti>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Shanti Sadiq|title=The African dispersal in the Deccan : from medieval to modern times|year=1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788125004851|pages=232|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA232 }}</ref>
Rayanna was helped by Gajaveera, a [[Siddi]] warrior, in his revolt against the British in 1829–30.<ref name=shanti>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Shanti Sadiq|title=The African dispersal in the Deccan : from medieval to modern times|year=1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788125004851|pages=232|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA232 }}</ref>


Rayanna was buried near Nandagad. Legend says that a close associate Sangolli Bichugatti Channabasappa of Rayanna planted a banyan sapling on his grave. The tree is fully grown and stands to this day. An Ashoka Stambha was installed near the tree. A small temple in the name of Sangolli Rayanna was constructed at Sangolli village, in which stands a statue of Rayanna flanked by two wooden weights used for body building. Two wooden weights are original, those were used by Rayanna himself for body building. A community hall built in commemoration of Rayanna at Sangolli serves the villagers of Sangolli.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} Karnataka Government recently established Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna authority its work progress of Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna Sainik school,"Shouryabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna rock garden and in "Veerabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna museum.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Pramoda |title=ಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗದ ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/belagavi/the-incomplete-sangolli-rayanna-authority/articleshow/65325923.cms |access-date=28 August 2020 |publisher=Vijaya Karnataka |date=9 August 2018}}</ref>
Rayanna was buried near Nandagad. Legend says that a close associate Sangolli Bichugatti Channabasappa of Rayanna planted a banyan sapling on his grave. The tree is fully grown and stands to this day. An Ashoka Stambha was installed near the tree. A small temple in the name of Sangolli Rayanna was constructed at Sangolli village, in which stands a statue of Rayanna flanked by two wooden weights used for body building. Two wooden weights are original, those were used by Rayanna himself for body building. A community hall built in commemoration of Rayanna at Sangolli serves the villagers of Sangolli.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} Karnataka Government recently established Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna authority its work progress of Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Sainik school, "Shouryabhoomi" Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna rock garden and in "Veerabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna museum.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pramoda |title=ಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗದ ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/belagavi/the-incomplete-sangolli-rayanna-authority/articleshow/65325923.cms |access-date=28 August 2020 |publisher=Vijaya Karnataka |date=9 August 2018}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
[[File:Sangolli Rayanna.jpg|thumb|Place where Sangolli Rayanna was hanged by the British army]]


===Ballads and other memorials===
===Ballads and other memorials===
[[File:Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna 1.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of Sangolli Rayanna at Bengaluru Karnataka]]
The Gee Gee songs ([[Ballad]]) are heroic folklore verses composed in North Karnataka<ref name="gee gee song">{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=We've come for your vote…|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412044913/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2009|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 April 2008}}</ref> and several such songs are sung about Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and other figures of pre-independence Karnataka.<ref name=datta>{{cite book|editor-last=Datta|editor-first=Amaresh |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti, Volume 2|year=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Dehi|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1293 }}</ref> A life size bronze statue of Sangolli Rayanna, riding a horse with open Sword in right hand, was installed near Railway station of [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna statue unveiled in City, at last|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100505/sangolli-rayanna-statue-unveiled-city.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Herald, Newspaper|date=28 September 2010}}</ref> The main railway station of Bengaluru City has been renamed as "Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Railway station" in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru railway station to be named after Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/474962/bengaluru-railway-station-named-sangolli.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Harald, Newspaper|date=1 May 2015}}</ref> However the station officially re named and notified as "Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna" Railway Station on 3 February 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=7096&did=145449704189594354ECD102CEC97451280C24522002C.web91|title=South Central Railway}}</ref>
The Gee Gee songs ([[Ballad]]) are heroic folklore verses composed in North Karnataka<ref name="gee gee song">{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=We've come for your vote…|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412044913/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2009|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 April 2008}}</ref> and several such songs are sung about Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and other figures of pre-independence Karnataka.<ref name=datta>{{cite book|last=Datta|first=Amaresh (Ed.)|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti, Volume 2|year=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Dehi|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1293 }}</ref> A life size bronze statue of Sangolli Rayanna, riding a horse with open sword in right hand, was installed near Railway station of [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna statue unveiled in City, at last|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100505/sangolli-rayanna-statue-unveiled-city.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Herald, Newspaper|date=28 September 2010}}</ref> The main railway station of Bengaluru City has been renamed as "Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Railway station" in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru railway station to be named after Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/474962/bengaluru-railway-station-named-sangolli.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Harald, Newspaper|date=1 May 2015}}</ref> However the station officially re named and notified as "Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna" Railway Station on 03-02-2016<ref>http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=7096&did=145449704189594354ECD102CEC97451280C24522002C.web91</ref>


===Film===
===Film===
In 2012, a film was produced on his life history.<ref name=film/> was the subject of another Kannada-language motion picture [[Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Kraanthiveera Sangolli Rayanna]] (Legendary Warrior Sangolli Rayanna), directed by Naganna and starring [[Darshan Thoogudeep]], [[Jayaprada]] and [[Nikita Thukral]].<ref name=film>{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=Rajyotsava release for Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/rajyotsava-release-for-sangolli-rayanna/article4048238.ece|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 October 2012}}</ref>
In 2012, a film was produced on his life history.<ref name=film/> was the subject of another Kannada-language motion picture [[Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Kraanthiveera Sangolli Rayanna]] (Revolutionary Hero Sangolli Rayanna), directed by Naganna and starring [[Darshan (actor)|Darshan]], [[Jaya Prada]] and [[Nikita Thukral]].<ref name=film>{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=Rajyotsava release for Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/rajyotsava-release-for-sangolli-rayanna/article4048238.ece|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 October 2012}}</ref>
 
[[File:Sangolli Rayanna.jpg|thumb|Place where Sangolli Rayanna was hanged by the British army]]


==Citations==
==Citations==

Latest revision as of 14:21, 24 December 2022


Rayanna
Statue of Sangolli Rayanna at Bengaluru Karnataka
Born
Rayanna

Sangolli,TQ: Bailhongal (Sampagavi) Dist: Belgaum
Died
Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:Belgaum
Burial placeNandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:Belgaum
NationalityIndian
Other namesRayanna Bharamappa Rogannavar
OccupationKittur Military Shetsanadi
TitleKrantiveera

Sangolli Rayanna was born on 15 August 1798[1] was a nineteenth century Indian revolutionary, military chief (Shetsanadi) and warrior in the Kittur princely state in the present day Indian state of Karnataka. He was the Shetsanadi of the Kingdom of Kittur ruled at the time by Rani Channamma and fought the British East India Company till his death. He died on 26 January 1831,[1] at the age of 33. He belonged to the Kuruba Gowda community.[2] His life was the subject of the 2012 Kannada film Sangolli Rayanna.

Activities

Sangolli Rayanna participated in the 1824 rebellion and was arrested by the British, who released him later.[3] He continued to fight the British and wanted to install the adopted son of King Mallasarja and Rani Chennamma, namely Shivalingappa as the ruler of Kittur.[4] He mobilised local people and started a guerilla type war against the British.[4] He and his guerrilla army moved from place to place, burnt government offices, waylaid British troops and plundered treasuries.[4] Most of his land was confiscated and what remained of it was heavily taxed. He taxed the landlords and built up an army from the masses. The British troops could not defeat him in open battle. Hence, by treachery, he was caught in April 1830 and tied up by the British; and sentenced to death.[4] Shivalingappa, the boy who was supposed to be the new ruler, was also arrested by the British.[4]

Rayanna was executed by hanging from a Banyan tree near Nandagad,[5] on 26 January 1831 at the age of 33.[1]

Rayanna was helped by Gajaveera, a Siddi warrior, in his revolt against the British in 1829–30.[6]

Rayanna was buried near Nandagad. Legend says that a close associate Sangolli Bichugatti Channabasappa of Rayanna planted a banyan sapling on his grave. The tree is fully grown and stands to this day. An Ashoka Stambha was installed near the tree. A small temple in the name of Sangolli Rayanna was constructed at Sangolli village, in which stands a statue of Rayanna flanked by two wooden weights used for body building. Two wooden weights are original, those were used by Rayanna himself for body building. A community hall built in commemoration of Rayanna at Sangolli serves the villagers of Sangolli.[citation needed] Karnataka Government recently established Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna authority its work progress of Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Sainik school, "Shouryabhoomi" Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna rock garden and in "Veerabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna museum.[7]

In popular culture

Place where Sangolli Rayanna was hanged by the British army

Ballads and other memorials

The Gee Gee songs (Ballad) are heroic folklore verses composed in North Karnataka[8] and several such songs are sung about Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and other figures of pre-independence Karnataka.[9] A life size bronze statue of Sangolli Rayanna, riding a horse with open Sword in right hand, was installed near Railway station of Bengaluru.[10] The main railway station of Bengaluru City has been renamed as "Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Railway station" in 2015.[11] However the station officially re named and notified as "Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna" Railway Station on 3 February 2016[12]

Film

In 2012, a film was produced on his life history.[13] was the subject of another Kannada-language motion picture Kraanthiveera Sangolli Rayanna (Revolutionary Hero Sangolli Rayanna), directed by Naganna and starring Darshan, Jaya Prada and Nikita Thukral.[13]

Citations

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna". The Hindu. 24 January 2017.
  2. "Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna". New Indian Express. 6 December 2016.
  3. "Sangolli Rayanna and the rise of caste heroes". The New Indian Express. 6 December 2016.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Gopalakrishnan (2007). Gopalakrishnan, Subramanian (ed.). The South Indian rebellions: before and after 1800 (1st ed.). Chennai: Palaniappa Brothers. p. 103. ISBN 9788183795005.
  5. R P, Sambasadashiva Reddy. "Miscellany". Deccan Herald, Bangalore. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
  6. Ali, Shanti Sadiq (1996). The African dispersal in the Deccan : from medieval to modern times. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan. p. 232. ISBN 9788125004851.
  7. Pramoda (9 August 2018). "ಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗದ ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರ". Vijaya Karnataka. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  8. Khajane, Muralidhara (8 April 2008). "We've come for your vote…". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  9. Datta, Amaresh, ed. (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti, Volume 2. New Dehi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 1293. ISBN 9788126011940.
  10. "Sangolli Rayanna statue unveiled in City, at last". Deccan Herald, Newspaper. 28 September 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  11. "Bengaluru railway station to be named after Sangolli Rayanna". Deccan Harald, Newspaper. 1 May 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  12. "South Central Railway".
  13. 13.0 13.1 Khajane, Muralidhara (31 October 2012). "Rajyotsava release for Sangolli Rayanna". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

External links