.svg)
Economy of Gujarat: Difference between revisions
(Fix) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
Gujarat also contributes around 20% share in India's industrial production and merchandise exports. | Gujarat also contributes around 20% share in India's industrial production and merchandise exports. | ||
==Contribution== | ===Contribution=== | ||
The world's largest ship breaking yard is in Gujarat near [[Bhavnagar]] at [[Alang]]. | The world's largest [[ship breaking]] yard is in Gujarat near [[Bhavnagar]] at [[Alang]]. | ||
[[Reliance Petroleum]], one of the group companies of [[Reliance Industries Limited]] founded by [[Dhirubhai Ambani]] operates the oil refinery at Jamnagar which is the world's largest grass roots refinery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ril.com/aboutus/about_milestone.html |title= | [[Reliance Petroleum]], one of the group companies of [[Reliance Industries Limited]] founded by [[Dhirubhai Ambani]] operates the oil refinery at Jamnagar which is the world's largest grass roots refinery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ril.com/aboutus/about_milestone.html |title=Milestones |access-date=June 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423171703/http://www.ril.com/aboutus/about_milestone.html |archive-date=April 23, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company has also planned another SEZ ([[special economic zone]]), in [[Jamnagar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.domain-b.com/industry/general/20061102_Narendra_Modi.html |title=India talking of Gujarat's SEZ model: Narendra Modi |publisher=domain-b.com |date=2006-11-02 |access-date=2013-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://realestate.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1381781,prtpage-1.cms |title=Mukesh Ambani wants to build another ShanghaiReal Estate - Indiatimes |publisher=Realestate.indiatimes.com |access-date=2013-10-26}}</ref> | ||
Legatum Institute's Global Prosperity Index 2012 recognised Gujarat as the highest-scoring among all States of India on matters of social capital. | |||
Legatum | |||
==Industrial growth== | ==Industrial growth== | ||
One of India's most industrialized states, Gujarat maintains a variety of industries, the principal ones being general and [[electrical engineering]] and the manufacture of [[textiles]], [[vegetable oil]]s, chemicals, [[soda ash]], and cement. New industries include the production of [[fertilizer]]s and [[petrochemicals]]. Major resources produced by the state include cotton, peanuts, dates, sugarcane, and petrol. The state is rich in [[calcite]], [[gypsum]], [[manganese]], [[lignite]], [[bauxite]], limestone, agate, feldspar and quartz sand and successful mining of these minerals is done in their specified areas. Gujarat produces about 91% of | One of India's most industrialized states, Gujarat maintains a variety of industries, the principal ones being general and [[electrical engineering]] and the manufacture of [[textiles]], [[vegetable oil]]s, chemicals, [[soda ash]], and cement. New industries include the production of [[fertilizer]]s and [[petrochemicals]]. Major resources produced by the state include cotton, peanuts, dates, sugarcane, and petrol. The state is rich in [[calcite]], [[gypsum]], [[manganese]], [[lignite]], [[bauxite]], limestone, agate, feldspar and quartz sand and successful mining of these minerals is done in their specified areas. Gujarat produces about 91% of India's required amount of soda ash and gives the country about 66% of its national requirement of salt. Chemical Industries in Gujarat count for more than 35% of Indian Chemicals production. | ||
In recent years, Gujarat has gained a prominent place in India's automobile industry, with several automobile plants being | In recent years, Gujarat has gained a prominent place in India's automobile industry, with several automobile plants being set up in the state - [[Suzuki Motor Gujarat]] in Hansalpur near Ahmedabad, [[Tata Motors]] and [[Ford India]] in [[Sanand]], [[MG Motor]], [[Hero Motocorp]], [[JCB (company)|JCB]] in [[Halol]], [[Honda Motors and Scooters India]] in Vithalapur, etc. | ||
It is one of India's most prosperous states, having a per-capita GDP significantly above India's average. Kalol Khambat and Ankleshwar are today known for their oil and natural gas production. Dhuvaran has a thermal power station, which uses coal, oil and gas. The Tarapur nuclear station in Maharashtra supplies the remaining power. Also on the [[Gulf of Khambat]], 50 kilometers southeast of Bhavnagar, is the Alang Ship Recycling Yard (the world's largest). General Motors produces the ‘Astra’ car at Halol near Vadodara. Jalalpur is a large town of Gujarat, where several small and large textile industrial units have been established. Surat, a city by the Gulf of Khambat, is a hub of the global diamond trade. | It is one of India's most prosperous states, having a per-capita GDP significantly above India's average. Kalol Khambat and Ankleshwar are today known for their oil and natural gas production. Dhuvaran has a thermal power station, which uses coal, oil and gas. The Tarapur nuclear station in Maharashtra supplies the remaining power. Also on the [[Gulf of Khambat]], 50 kilometers southeast of Bhavnagar, is the Alang Ship Recycling Yard (the world's largest). General Motors produces the ‘Astra’ car at Halol near Vadodara. Jalalpur is a large town of Gujarat, where several small and large textile industrial units have been established. Surat, a city by the Gulf of Khambat, is a hub of the global diamond trade. | ||
| Line 76: | Line 74: | ||
Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ankleshwar and Vapi are the hub of chemical industries in the state, having number of manufacturing units (private as well as state owned) manufacturing dyes, specialty chemicals, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, pigments, colors, etc. Rajkot city is the hub of engineering manufacturing and has many companies manufacturing auto components, auto engines, CNC machines, forging & casting parts, etc. The state operating companies like GNFC, GSPC, GSFC, GMDC are a few among flagship companies of the state. | Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ankleshwar and Vapi are the hub of chemical industries in the state, having number of manufacturing units (private as well as state owned) manufacturing dyes, specialty chemicals, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, pigments, colors, etc. Rajkot city is the hub of engineering manufacturing and has many companies manufacturing auto components, auto engines, CNC machines, forging & casting parts, etc. The state operating companies like GNFC, GSPC, GSFC, GMDC are a few among flagship companies of the state. | ||
==Agriculture== | ==Agriculture== | ||
Gujarat is the largest producer of major [[cash crop]] like [[cotton]], [[groundnut]], [[tobacco]], [[cumin]], [[sesamum]],etc. in India. Other major crops produced are | Gujarat is the largest producer of major [[cash crop]] like [[cotton]], [[Peanut|groundnut]], [[tobacco]], [[cumin]], [[sesamum]], etc. in India. Other major crops produced are rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, tur and gram. Gujarat has an agricultural economy the total crop area amounts to more than one-half of the total land area. | ||
Animal husbandry and dairying have played a vital role in the rural economy of Gujarat. Dairy farming, primarily concerned with milk production, functions on a cooperative basis and has more than a million members. Gujarat is the largest processor of milk in India. [[Amul]] milk co-operative federation products are well known all over India and is Asia's biggest dairy.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mitul Thakkar, TNN Sep 14, 2006, 12.53am IST |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1988793.cms |title=Amul to become world's largest liquid milk brand – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2006-09-14 |access-date=2012-07-09}}</ref> Among livestock raised are buffalo and other cattle, sheep, and goats. As per the results of livestock census 1997, there were 209.70 lakh livestock in Gujarat state. As per the estimates of the survey of major livestock products, during the year 2002–03 the Gujarat produced 6.09 million tonnes of milk, 385 million eggs and 2.71 million kg of wool. Gujarat also contributes inputs to industries like textiles, oil and soap. | Animal husbandry and dairying have played a vital role in the [[rural economics|rural economy]] of Gujarat. Dairy farming, primarily concerned with milk production, functions on a cooperative basis and has more than a million members. Gujarat is the largest processor of milk in India. [[Amul]] milk co-operative federation products are well known all over India and is Asia's biggest dairy.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mitul Thakkar, TNN Sep 14, 2006, 12.53am IST |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1988793.cms |title=Amul to become world's largest liquid milk brand – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2006-09-14 |access-date=2012-07-09}}</ref> Among livestock raised are buffalo and other cattle, sheep, and goats. As per the results of livestock census 1997, there were 209.70 lakh livestock in Gujarat state. As per the estimates of the survey of major livestock products, during the year 2002–03 the Gujarat produced 6.09 million tonnes of milk, 385 million eggs and 2.71 million kg of wool. Gujarat also contributes inputs to industries like textiles, oil and soap. | ||
==Automobile== | ==Automobile== | ||
After Tata Motors relocated the Nano manufacturing plant to Sanand, a small town near Ahmedabad, Gujarat has emerged as a car manufacturing hub.<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nano-project-led-to-gujarat-as-car-manufacturing-hub-ratan-tata/articleshow/56447300.cms |title=Nano project led to Gujarat as car manufacturing hub: Ratan Tata – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2017-07-13 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> Major multinational automobile companies like Suzuki Motor, Ford India, Honda and Hero MotoCorp have plants in operation in Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ketan Thakkar|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/gujarat-set-to-become-the-detroit-of-india/articleshow/62844590.cms |title=Gujarat set to become the Detroit of India – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2018-02-09 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> Gujarat also leads in upcoming hybrid and electric vehicle manufacturing facilities. Suzuki, in partnership with Denso and Toshiba, is building a lithium ion battery manufacturing facility at a cost of 1700 crore. Suzuki is planning to launch electric cars as well as electric bikes by 2020.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ketan Thakkar|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/not-just-cars-suzuki-to-bring-in-electric-bikes/articleshow/64863015.cms |title=Not just cars, Suzuki to bring in electric bikes – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2018-07-05 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> The India based JSW Group has signed an agreement to invest Rs 4000 crore to promote manufacturing electric vehicles in the state, which includes vehicle manufacturing, production of batteries, and storage solutions. MG Motors, a subsidiary of China's largest automobile company SAIC Motors, has bought General Motors' manufacturing facility in Halol, Gujarat, and is planning to start production by 2019. Tata Motors is also planning to produce electric cars from its Sanand plant.<ref>{{cite web|author=Maulik Pathak, Amrit Raj |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/G6qpx6hENujIsXmszaK9GP/Gujarat-set-to-become-Indias-first-electric-vehicle-hub.html |title=Gujarat set to become India's first electric vehicle hub – Livemint |publisher=livemint.com |date=2017-09-28 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> | After Tata Motors relocated the Nano manufacturing plant to Sanand, a small town near Ahmedabad, Gujarat has emerged as a car manufacturing hub.<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nano-project-led-to-gujarat-as-car-manufacturing-hub-ratan-tata/articleshow/56447300.cms |title=Nano project led to Gujarat as car manufacturing hub: Ratan Tata – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2017-07-13 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> Major multinational automobile companies like Suzuki Motor, Ford India, Honda and Hero MotoCorp have plants in operation in Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ketan Thakkar|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/gujarat-set-to-become-the-detroit-of-india/articleshow/62844590.cms |title=Gujarat set to become the Detroit of India – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2018-02-09 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> Gujarat also leads in upcoming hybrid and electric vehicle manufacturing facilities. Suzuki, in partnership with Denso and Toshiba, is building a lithium ion battery manufacturing facility at a cost of 1700 crore. Suzuki is planning to launch electric cars as well as electric bikes by 2020.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ketan Thakkar|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/not-just-cars-suzuki-to-bring-in-electric-bikes/articleshow/64863015.cms |title=Not just cars, Suzuki to bring in electric bikes – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2018-07-05 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> The India-based JSW Group has signed an agreement to invest Rs 4000 crore to promote manufacturing electric vehicles in the state, which includes vehicle manufacturing, production of batteries, and storage solutions. MG Motors, a subsidiary of China's largest automobile company SAIC Motors, has bought General Motors' manufacturing facility in Halol, Gujarat, and is planning to start production by 2019. Tata Motors is also planning to produce electric cars from its Sanand plant.<ref>{{cite web|author=Maulik Pathak, Amrit Raj |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/G6qpx6hENujIsXmszaK9GP/Gujarat-set-to-become-Indias-first-electric-vehicle-hub.html |title=Gujarat set to become India's first electric vehicle hub – Livemint |publisher=livemint.com |date=2017-09-28 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> | ||
==Pharmaceutical== | ==Pharmaceutical== | ||
Gujarat is ranked number one in the [[pharmaceutical industry in India]], with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.<ref>{{ | Gujarat is ranked number one in the [[pharmaceutical industry in India]], with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> | ||
== Energy == | |||
Energy is an essential building block in the economic development of Gujarat . In an effort to meet the demands of rapid industrialization, the energy sector of Gujarat has undergone significant growth in past few years. Areas like resource exploration, capacity additions and sectoral reforms have been revolutionized. The energy sector can be categorized primarily in to Power, Oil & Gas respectively. The power sector includes generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. The power sector has grown considerably over the years and is able to support infrastructure development in the state. As far as oil & gas sector is concerned, the state has major contribution in areas of exploration & production, LNG terminal infrastructure, pipeline networks, refining, petro marketing and city gas distribution. | |||
=== Electricity === | |||
Electricity generation for the state of Gujarat is handled by the [[Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited]]. The major distributors of electricity in Gujarat are [[UGVCL|Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.]], [[DGVCL|Dakshin Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.]], [[PGVCL|Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.]] and [[MGVCL|Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.]]. These institutions are subsidiaries of [[Guvnl]] with the transmission of electricity of handled by [[Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation|Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation Limited]]. | |||
=== Installed Capacity === | |||
The total installed capacity of Gujarat is 42208 [[MegaWatt]] (MW). Most of the electricity in Gujarat is generated through coal. Hydropower is the second largest means of producing electricity in the state. Gujarat also has significant installed capacities of Natural Gas, Renewables and Nuclear power plants. As of 2021-22, the share of electricity generated through coal stands at 16302 MW with a percentage share of 40 percent. The share of [[Hydropower]] is at 41 percentage with a capacity of 16588 MW. The contribution of [[Natural gas]] stands at 16 percent with a capacity of 6587 MW. The installed capacity of [[Renewable energy]] is 2 percent with a capacity of 772 MW. Finally, 559 MW is capacitated by [[Nuclear power|Nuclear Power]] having a share of 1 percentage.<ref name=":0">''Western Region Load Dispatch Centre Annual MIS Report 2021-22'', Western Region Load Dispatch Centre</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission 22nd Annual Report (English) |url=https://gercin.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/English-Annual-Report-2022.pdf |url-status=live |website=Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission |format=PDF}}</ref> | |||
==== Renewable Energy ==== | |||
As of March 31, 2022 the installed capacity of Renewable Energy sources of Gujarat is 13578 MW. The installed capacity of Wind energy stands at 6662 MW, Solar energy has an installed capacity of 6717 MW and other Renewable sources stand at 199 MW.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The locations of major solar parks in Gujarat have been mentioned in [[Solar power in Gujarat]] page. | |||
=== Nuclear Energy === | |||
Currently, the state of Gujarat has an installed Nuclear Power capacity of 559 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Power, Annual Report 2021-22 |url=https://powermin.gov.in/sites/default/files/uploads/MOP_Annual_Report_Eng_2021-22.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The only [[Nuclear power plant]] in Gujarat is the [[Kakrapar Atomic Power Station]]. | |||
The two existing units at the Kakrapar atomic power station feature [[Pressurized heavy-water reactor|pressurised heavy water reactors]] (PHWR) of 220MW capacity each. As of May 2020, unit one of the Kakrapar atomic power station generated 30,683 million units of electricity while unit two produced 32,442 million units<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakrapar Atomic Power Plant Expansion - NS Energy |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/kakrapar-atomic-power-plant-expansion/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
==Tourism== | ==Tourism== | ||
{{main|Tourism in Gujarat}} | {{main|Tourism in Gujarat}} | ||
[[File:GujaratPhotoMontage.jpg|alt=|thumb|From top and L-R: [[Sabarmati Ashram]], [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] attire, [[Somnath Temple]], [[Rann of Kutch]], [[Dwarkadhish Temple]], ''[[Statue of Unity]]'', [[Laxmi Vilas Palace]] at [[Vadodara]].]] | [[File:GujaratPhotoMontage.jpg|alt=|thumb|From top and L-R: [[Sabarmati Ashram]], [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] attire, [[Somnath Temple]], [[Rann of Kutch]], [[Dwarkadhish Temple]], ''[[Statue of Unity]]'', [[Laxmi Vilas Palace]] at [[Vadodara]].]] | ||
India's first world heritage | India's first world heritage city, Ahemdabad, is in Gujarat. Gujarat is the sixth largest state in India, located in the western part of India, with a coastline of {{cvt|1600|km}} (the longest in India). It is one of the most popular states in the country, with an annual footfall of 19.81 million tourists in 2010–11.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/downloads/tourist_arrival_data_07062011.pdf |title=Statement Showing The Details of Tourist ?Visited Gujarat During The Year 2010-11 |publisher=Gujaratourism.com |access-date=2013-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925011656/http://www.gujarattourism.com/downloads/tourist_arrival_data_07062011.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-25 }}</ref> Gujarat offers scenic beauty from [[Great Rann of Kutch]] to the hills of [[Saputara]]. It is the world's sole home of pure [[Asiatic lion]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/vice-president-ansari-arrives-at-gir-wildlife-sanctuary/947997.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105212912/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/vice-president-ansari-arrives-at-gir-wildlife-sanctuary/947997.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-11-05 |title=Vice President Ansari arrives at Gir Wildlife Sanctuary, IBN Live News |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=2012-07-09}}</ref> | ||
During the Sultanate reign, Hindu craftsmanship mixed with [[Islamic architecture]], giving rise to the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style. Many structures in the state are built in this fashion. | During the Sultanate reign, Hindu craftsmanship mixed with [[Islamic architecture]], giving rise to the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style. Many structures in the state are built in this fashion. | ||
It is also the birthplace of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], the great iconic figures of India's Independence movement. | It is also the birthplace of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], the great iconic figures of India's Independence movement. | ||
[[Amitabh Bachchan]] is currently the brand ambassador of Gujarat Tourism. The ‘Khushboo Gujarat Ki' campaign by Amitabh Bachchan has grown tourism in Gujarat by 14 per cent, twice the national growth rate.<ref>{{cite web|author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2735467.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home |title=Business Line : Industry & Economy / Economy : TAAI award for Gujarat Tourism |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |access-date=2012-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026035058/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2735467.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home |archive-date=2012-10-26 }}</ref> | [[Amitabh Bachchan]] is currently the brand ambassador of Gujarat Tourism. The ‘Khushboo Gujarat Ki' campaign by Amitabh Bachchan has grown tourism in Gujarat by 14 per cent, twice the national growth rate.<ref>{{cite web|author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2735467.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home |title=Business Line : Industry & Economy / Economy : TAAI award for Gujarat Tourism |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |access-date=2012-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026035058/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2735467.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home |archive-date=2012-10-26 }}</ref> | ||
The ''[[Statue of Unity]]'' has emerged as a major tourist destination in Gujarat. It attracted average 15,036 visitors in the month of November, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web | The ''[[Statue of Unity]]'' has emerged as a major tourist destination in Gujarat. It attracted average 15,036 visitors in the month of November, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statue of Unity gets more visitors daily than Statue of Liberty: SSNNL|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/statue-of-unity-attracts-more-daily-visitors-than-statue-of-liberty/article30189605.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620191157/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/statue-of-unity-attracts-more-daily-visitors-than-statue-of-liberty/article30189605.ece|archive-date=2020-06-20|access-date=2019-12-22|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 7, 2019|title=With 15k visitors a day, Statue of Unity overtakes Statue of Liberty|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-15k-visitors-a-day-statue-of-unity-overtakes-statue-of-liberty/articleshow/72409183.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620191122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-15k-visitors-a-day-statue-of-unity-overtakes-statue-of-liberty/articleshow/72409183.cms|archive-date=2020-06-20|access-date=2020-06-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 10:09, 4 December 2022
 | |
| Currency | Indian Rupee ₹ |
|---|---|
| 1 April – 31 March | |
Country group |
|
| Statistics | |
| GDP | ₹19.44 lakh crore (US$270 billion) (2021–22)[3] ₹22.03 lakh crore (US$310 billion) (2022–23 est.)[3] |
| GDP rank | 3rd |
GDP growth | 17.4% (2021–22)[3] 13.3% (2022–23 est.)[3] |
GDP per capita | ₹241,507 (US$3,400) (2020–21)[3] |
GDP per capita rank | 10th |
GDP by sector | Agriculture: 20% Industry: 43% Services: 37% (2020–21)[3] |
Population below poverty line | Template:Decreasepositive 15% in poverty (2019–20)[4] |
 0.672 medium (2018) (21st) | |
| Unemployment |  3.9% (Nov 2020)[5] |
Main industries |
|
| External | |
FDI stock | ₹1.62 trillion (US$23 billion) (2020-21)[6] |
| Public finances | |
| 15.88% of GSDP (2022–23 est.)[3] | |
| ₹−36,113 crore (US$−5.1 billion) 1.64% of GSDP (2022–23 est.)[3] | |
| Revenues | ₹1.82 lakh crore (US$26 billion)(2022–23 est.)[3] |
| Expenses | ₹2.18 lakh crore (US$31 billion)(2022–23 est.)[3] |
The economy of Gujarat, a state in Western India, has significant agricultural as well as industrial production within India. Major agricultural produce of the state includes cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), dates, sugar cane, milk and milk products. Gujarat is one of the most industrialised states, with significant presence in pharma, chemicals, refining and petrochemicals, ceramics, textiles, automobile etc. sectors. Gujarat recorded the lowest unemployment rate in India in 2015, with 1.2% of the labour force being unemployed.[7]
Gujarat is ranked number one in the pharmaceutical industry in India, with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.[8]
Gujarat has the longest coastline in India (1,600 km [990 mi]), and its ports (both private and public sector) handle around 40% of India's ocean cargo, with Mundra Port located in Gulf of Kutch being the largest port of India by cargo handled (144 million tons) due to its favorable location on the westernmost part of India and closeness to global shipping lanes. Gujarat also contributes around 20% share in India's industrial production and merchandise exports.
Contribution
The world's largest ship breaking yard is in Gujarat near Bhavnagar at Alang.
Reliance Petroleum, one of the group companies of Reliance Industries Limited founded by Dhirubhai Ambani operates the oil refinery at Jamnagar which is the world's largest grass roots refinery.[9] The company has also planned another SEZ (special economic zone), in Jamnagar.[10][11]
Legatum Institute's Global Prosperity Index 2012 recognised Gujarat as the highest-scoring among all States of India on matters of social capital.
Industrial growth
One of India's most industrialized states, Gujarat maintains a variety of industries, the principal ones being general and electrical engineering and the manufacture of textiles, vegetable oils, chemicals, soda ash, and cement. New industries include the production of fertilizers and petrochemicals. Major resources produced by the state include cotton, peanuts, dates, sugarcane, and petrol. The state is rich in calcite, gypsum, manganese, lignite, bauxite, limestone, agate, feldspar and quartz sand and successful mining of these minerals is done in their specified areas. Gujarat produces about 91% of India's required amount of soda ash and gives the country about 66% of its national requirement of salt. Chemical Industries in Gujarat count for more than 35% of Indian Chemicals production.
In recent years, Gujarat has gained a prominent place in India's automobile industry, with several automobile plants being set up in the state - Suzuki Motor Gujarat in Hansalpur near Ahmedabad, Tata Motors and Ford India in Sanand, MG Motor, Hero Motocorp, JCB in Halol, Honda Motors and Scooters India in Vithalapur, etc.
It is one of India's most prosperous states, having a per-capita GDP significantly above India's average. Kalol Khambat and Ankleshwar are today known for their oil and natural gas production. Dhuvaran has a thermal power station, which uses coal, oil and gas. The Tarapur nuclear station in Maharashtra supplies the remaining power. Also on the Gulf of Khambat, 50 kilometers southeast of Bhavnagar, is the Alang Ship Recycling Yard (the world's largest). General Motors produces the ‘Astra’ car at Halol near Vadodara. Jalalpur is a large town of Gujarat, where several small and large textile industrial units have been established. Surat, a city by the Gulf of Khambat, is a hub of the global diamond trade.
During the period 1960–1990, Gujarat established itself as a leader in various industrial sectors including textiles, engineering, chemicals, petrochemicals, drugs and pharmaceuticals, dairy, cement and ceramics, and gems and jewellery. The post-liberalization period saw Gujarat's state domestic product (SDP) rising at an average growth rate of 14% per annum in real terms (from 1994 to 2002).
Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ankleshwar and Vapi are the hub of chemical industries in the state, having number of manufacturing units (private as well as state owned) manufacturing dyes, specialty chemicals, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, pigments, colors, etc. Rajkot city is the hub of engineering manufacturing and has many companies manufacturing auto components, auto engines, CNC machines, forging & casting parts, etc. The state operating companies like GNFC, GSPC, GSFC, GMDC are a few among flagship companies of the state.
Agriculture
Gujarat is the largest producer of major cash crop like cotton, groundnut, tobacco, cumin, sesamum, etc. in India. Other major crops produced are rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, tur and gram. Gujarat has an agricultural economy the total crop area amounts to more than one-half of the total land area.
Animal husbandry and dairying have played a vital role in the rural economy of Gujarat. Dairy farming, primarily concerned with milk production, functions on a cooperative basis and has more than a million members. Gujarat is the largest processor of milk in India. Amul milk co-operative federation products are well known all over India and is Asia's biggest dairy.[12] Among livestock raised are buffalo and other cattle, sheep, and goats. As per the results of livestock census 1997, there were 209.70 lakh livestock in Gujarat state. As per the estimates of the survey of major livestock products, during the year 2002–03 the Gujarat produced 6.09 million tonnes of milk, 385 million eggs and 2.71 million kg of wool. Gujarat also contributes inputs to industries like textiles, oil and soap.
Automobile
After Tata Motors relocated the Nano manufacturing plant to Sanand, a small town near Ahmedabad, Gujarat has emerged as a car manufacturing hub.[13] Major multinational automobile companies like Suzuki Motor, Ford India, Honda and Hero MotoCorp have plants in operation in Gujarat.[14] Gujarat also leads in upcoming hybrid and electric vehicle manufacturing facilities. Suzuki, in partnership with Denso and Toshiba, is building a lithium ion battery manufacturing facility at a cost of 1700 crore. Suzuki is planning to launch electric cars as well as electric bikes by 2020.[15] The India-based JSW Group has signed an agreement to invest Rs 4000 crore to promote manufacturing electric vehicles in the state, which includes vehicle manufacturing, production of batteries, and storage solutions. MG Motors, a subsidiary of China's largest automobile company SAIC Motors, has bought General Motors' manufacturing facility in Halol, Gujarat, and is planning to start production by 2019. Tata Motors is also planning to produce electric cars from its Sanand plant.[16]
Pharmaceutical
Gujarat is ranked number one in the pharmaceutical industry in India, with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.[8]
Energy
Energy is an essential building block in the economic development of Gujarat . In an effort to meet the demands of rapid industrialization, the energy sector of Gujarat has undergone significant growth in past few years. Areas like resource exploration, capacity additions and sectoral reforms have been revolutionized. The energy sector can be categorized primarily in to Power, Oil & Gas respectively. The power sector includes generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. The power sector has grown considerably over the years and is able to support infrastructure development in the state. As far as oil & gas sector is concerned, the state has major contribution in areas of exploration & production, LNG terminal infrastructure, pipeline networks, refining, petro marketing and city gas distribution.
Electricity
Electricity generation for the state of Gujarat is handled by the Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited. The major distributors of electricity in Gujarat are Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Ltd., Dakshin Gujarat Vij Company Ltd., Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Ltd. and Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.. These institutions are subsidiaries of Guvnl with the transmission of electricity of handled by Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation Limited.
Installed Capacity
The total installed capacity of Gujarat is 42208 MegaWatt (MW). Most of the electricity in Gujarat is generated through coal. Hydropower is the second largest means of producing electricity in the state. Gujarat also has significant installed capacities of Natural Gas, Renewables and Nuclear power plants. As of 2021-22, the share of electricity generated through coal stands at 16302 MW with a percentage share of 40 percent. The share of Hydropower is at 41 percentage with a capacity of 16588 MW. The contribution of Natural gas stands at 16 percent with a capacity of 6587 MW. The installed capacity of Renewable energy is 2 percent with a capacity of 772 MW. Finally, 559 MW is capacitated by Nuclear Power having a share of 1 percentage.[17][18]
Renewable Energy
As of March 31, 2022 the installed capacity of Renewable Energy sources of Gujarat is 13578 MW. The installed capacity of Wind energy stands at 6662 MW, Solar energy has an installed capacity of 6717 MW and other Renewable sources stand at 199 MW.[17]
The locations of major solar parks in Gujarat have been mentioned in Solar power in Gujarat page.
Nuclear Energy
Currently, the state of Gujarat has an installed Nuclear Power capacity of 559 MW.[19] The only Nuclear power plant in Gujarat is the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station.
The two existing units at the Kakrapar atomic power station feature pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWR) of 220MW capacity each. As of May 2020, unit one of the Kakrapar atomic power station generated 30,683 million units of electricity while unit two produced 32,442 million units[20]
Tourism
India's first world heritage city, Ahemdabad, is in Gujarat. Gujarat is the sixth largest state in India, located in the western part of India, with a coastline of 1,600 km (990 mi) (the longest in India). It is one of the most popular states in the country, with an annual footfall of 19.81 million tourists in 2010–11.[21] Gujarat offers scenic beauty from Great Rann of Kutch to the hills of Saputara. It is the world's sole home of pure Asiatic lions.[22]
During the Sultanate reign, Hindu craftsmanship mixed with Islamic architecture, giving rise to the Indo-Saracenic style. Many structures in the state are built in this fashion.
It is also the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the great iconic figures of India's Independence movement.
Amitabh Bachchan is currently the brand ambassador of Gujarat Tourism. The ‘Khushboo Gujarat Ki' campaign by Amitabh Bachchan has grown tourism in Gujarat by 14 per cent, twice the national growth rate.[23]
The Statue of Unity has emerged as a major tourist destination in Gujarat. It attracted average 15,036 visitors in the month of November, 2019.[24][25]
References
- ↑ "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information April 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- ↑ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". World Bank. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 "Gujarat Budget Analysis 2022-23". PRS Legislative. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
- ↑ "SDGs India Index". NITI Aayog. 31 December 2019.
- ↑ "Unemployment Rate in India". Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. p. 1. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ↑ {{cite web|url=https://dpiit.gov.in/sites/default/files/Chapter6.3.v.pdf
- ↑ "Indian Economy At a Glance [Infographic] - Quickonomics". Quickonomics. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Despite Covid-19, fresh investments flowing into Gujarat's Pharma Sector". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2021-03-14. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
- ↑ "Milestones". Archived from the original on April 23, 2006. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ↑ "India talking of Gujarat's SEZ model: Narendra Modi". domain-b.com. 2006-11-02. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
- ↑ "Mukesh Ambani wants to build another ShanghaiReal Estate - Indiatimes". Realestate.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
- ↑ Mitul Thakkar, TNN Sep 14, 2006, 12.53am IST (2006-09-14). "Amul to become world's largest liquid milk brand – Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ PTI (2017-07-13). "Nano project led to Gujarat as car manufacturing hub: Ratan Tata – Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
- ↑ Ketan Thakkar (2018-02-09). "Gujarat set to become the Detroit of India – Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
- ↑ Ketan Thakkar (2018-07-05). "Not just cars, Suzuki to bring in electric bikes – Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
- ↑ Maulik Pathak, Amrit Raj (2017-09-28). "Gujarat set to become India's first electric vehicle hub – Livemint". livemint.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Western Region Load Dispatch Centre Annual MIS Report 2021-22, Western Region Load Dispatch Centre
- ↑ "Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission 22nd Annual Report (English)" (PDF). Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission. 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Ministry of Power, Annual Report 2021-22" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Kakrapar Atomic Power Plant Expansion - NS Energy". Retrieved 2022-11-06.
- ↑ "Statement Showing The Details of Tourist ?Visited Gujarat During The Year 2010-11" (PDF). Gujaratourism.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-25. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
- ↑ "Vice President Ansari arrives at Gir Wildlife Sanctuary, IBN Live News". Ibnlive.in.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
- ↑ Our Bureau. "Business Line : Industry & Economy / Economy : TAAI award for Gujarat Tourism". Thehindubusinessline.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-26. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
- ↑ "Statue of Unity gets more visitors daily than Statue of Liberty: SSNNL". @businessline. Archived from the original on 2020-06-20. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
- ↑ "With 15k visitors a day, Statue of Unity overtakes Statue of Liberty". The Times of India. December 7, 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-06-20. Retrieved 2020-06-20.
External links
| Topics |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Regions of Gujarat | ||
| Districts | ||
| Major cities | ||
| Ecoregions | ||
| Economy | ||
