Bombay State: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{short description|Former state of India}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} {{Infobox former subdivision |native_name = |conventional_lon...")
 
(Bombay State wasn't created in 1947, it was created in 1950, will provide sources if asked for.)
 
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
{{Infobox Indian state or territory
|native_name =  
| name = Bombay
|conventional_long_name =
| official_name = State of Bombay
Province of Bombay
| former = yes
(1947–1950)
| type = Former State
 
| image_seal = Emblem of Bombay State.svg
<br/>
| seal_size = 200
State of Bombay
| image_map = Bombay in India (1951).svg
(1950–1960)
| region = West India
|common_name =Bombay State
| capital = Bombay
|nation = [[India]]
| largestcity = capital
|status_text = [[States and union territories of India|State of India]]
| govfirst_year      = 1950–1952
|capital =[[Bombay]] (15 August 1947{{ref|cap|†}} to  1 May 1960){{ref|cap|†}}
| gov_first          = [[Raja Maharaj Singh]] (First)
|era =  
| govlast_year      = 1956–1962
|year_start = 1947
| gov_last          = [[Sri Prakasa]] (Last)
|date_start =  
| cmfirst_year      = 1946–1952
|event_start= Abolition of the [[Bombay Presidency]], [[Deccan States Agency]] and [[Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency]] (partial)
| cm_first          = [[B. G. Kher|Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher]] (First)
 
| cmlast_year        = 1956–1960
|event1 = Merged [[Kutch State]]
| cm_last          = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] (Last)
|date_event1 = 1956
| year_start = 1950
|event2 = Merged [[Saurashtra State]]
| formation_date4    = 1950
|date_event2 = 1956
| consolidation      = 1956 (merged [[Kutch State]], [[Saurashtra (state)|Saurashtra State]] and [[Vidarbha]])
|event3 = Merged [[Vidharbha]]
| formation_date3  = 1960 (into [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] states
|date_event3 = 1956
| year_end = 1960
 
| p1 = Bombay Presidency
|year_end = 1960
| p2 = Deccan States Agency
|date_end =  
| p3 = Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency
|event_end= Divided into [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] states
| p4 = Saurashtra State
 
| p5 = Kutch State
|p1 =Bombay Presidency
| s1 = Maharashtra
|p2 = Deccan States Agency
| s2 = Gujarat
|p3 = Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency
| flag_p1 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|p4 = Saurashtra State
| flag_p2 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|p5 = Kutch State
| flag_p3 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|s1 =Maharashtra
| flag_p4 = Flag of India.svg
|s2 =Gujarat
| flag_p5 = Flag of India.svg
|flag_p1 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| flag_s1 = ..Maharashtra Flag(INDIA).png
|flag_p2 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| flag_s2 = Flag of Gujarat.svg
|flag_p3 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|flag_p4 = Flag of India.svg
|flag_p5 = Flag of India.svg
|flag_s1 = ..Maharashtra Flag(INDIA).png
|flag_s2 = ..Gujarat Flag(INDIA).png
|image_flag =
|image_coat = Emblem of Bombay State.png
|image_map = Bombay 1956-1960.svg
|image_map_caption = Bombay State, 1956-1960
|image_map2 = Bombay in India (1951).svg
|image_map2_caption = Bombay state in red
|stat_area1 =494358
|stat_year1 =1956
|stat_pop1 =48,264,622
|footnotes = [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html States of India since 1947]
}}
}}
[[File:Bombay Prov north 1909.jpg|thumb|240px|Bombay Presidency in 1909, northern portion]]
[[File:Bombay Prov north 1909.jpg|thumb|240px|Bombay Presidency in 1909, northern portion]]
[[File:Bombay Prov south 1909.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Bombay Presidency]] in 1909, southern portion]]
[[File:Bombay Prov south 1909.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Bombay Presidency]] in 1909, southern portion]]


'''Bombay State''' was a prominent [[Indian state]] created during [[Independence of India|India's Independence]], with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. [[Bombay Presidency]] (roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of [[Maharashtra]], excluding South Maharashtra and [[Vidarbha]]) was merged with the [[Princely state|princely states]] of [[Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency|Baroda, Western India and Gujarat]] (the present-day Indian state of [[Gujarat]]) and the [[Deccan States Agency|Deccan States]] (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and [[Karnataka]].  
'''Bombay State''' was a large [[Indian state]] created in 1950 from the erstwhile [[Bombay Presidency]], with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. [[Bombay Presidency]] (roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of [[Maharashtra]], excluding South Maharashtra and [[Vidarbha]]) was merged with the [[princely state]]s of [[Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency|Baroda, Western India and Gujarat]] (the present-day Indian state of [[Gujarat]]) and the [[Deccan States Agency|Deccan States]] (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and [[Karnataka]]).  


On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the [[States Reorganisation Act]] on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the [[Saurashtra State|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch State|Kutch]] States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of [[Gujarat]], with [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] speaking [[Gujarati people|population]] and [[Maharashtra]], with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] speaking [[Marathi people|population]].<ref>[[Ramachandra Guha]], ''[[India after Gandhi]]: The History of the World's Largest Democracy.'' HarperCollins, 2007</ref>
On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the [[States Reorganisation Act]] on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the [[Saurashtra State|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch State|Kutch]] States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of [[Gujarat]], with [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] speaking [[Gujarati people|population]] and [[Maharashtra]], with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] speaking [[Marathi people|population]].<ref>[[Ramachandra Guha]], ''[[India after Gandhi]]: The History of the World's Largest Democracy.'' HarperCollins, 2007</ref>
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==History==
==History==
{{main|History of Bombay in independent India}}
{{main|History of Bombay in independent India}}
During the [[British Raj]], portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]. In 1937, the Bombay Presidency became a province of [[British India]].<ref name=ay>{{Cite book|last=Yagnik|first=Achyut|author2=Suchitra Sheth|title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond.|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&q=mahagujarat+movement&pg=PA226|access-date=24 November 2012|page=226|year=2005}}</ref><ref name=fed>{{Cite book|last=Grover|first=Verinder|author2=Ranjana Arora|title=Federation of India and States' Reorganisation: Reconstruction and Consolidation|publisher=Deep and Deep Publiations|isbn=978-81-7100-541-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qu-CbNG66zkC&q=mahagujarat&pg=PA393|access-date=24 November 2012|page=392|year=1994}}</ref>
During the [[British Raj]], portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]. After [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence in 1947]] and when [[Partition of India|India was partitioned]], Bombay Presidency remained part of India, while [[Sind province]] became part of [[Pakistan]]. The territory retained by India was restructured into Bombay State when India became a republic in 1950. It included princely states such as [[Kolhapur District|Kolhapur]] in Deccan, and [[Vadodara district|Baroda]] and the [[Dang District, India|Dangs]] in Gujarat, which had former parts of [[Deccan States Agency]] and [[Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency]].<ref>{{Citation
After [[Indian independence movement|India gained independence in 1947]], Bombay Presidency became part of India, and Sind province became part of [[Pakistan]]. The territory retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. It included princely states such as [[Kolhapur District|Kolhapur]] in Deccan, and [[Vadodara district|Baroda]] and the [[Dang District, India|Dangs]] in Gujarat, which had been under the political influence of the former Bombay Presidency.<ref>{{Citation
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxcJ1ACY_74C
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxcJ1ACY_74C
|last=Bhattacharya
|last=Bhattacharya
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|title=Expunging Variola: The Control and Eradication of Smallpox in India, 1947–1977
|title=Expunging Variola: The Control and Eradication of Smallpox in India, 1947–1977
|publisher=Orient Blackswan
|publisher=Orient Blackswan
|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kx2919wvrT4C&pg=PA18&dq=bombay+state+princely+states&lr=&as_brr=3 18]
|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kx2919wvrT4C&dq=bombay+state+princely+states&pg=PA18 18]
|isbn=978-81-250-3018-8
|isbn=978-81-250-3018-8
|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>
|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>
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  |archive-date=16 May 2008  
  |archive-date=16 May 2008  
}}</ref>  
}}</ref>  
but the State of Bombay was significantly enlarged, expanding eastward to incorporate the [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking [[Marathwada]] region of [[Hyderabad State (1948–56)|Hyderabad State]], the Marathi-speaking [[Vidarbha]] region of southern [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-speaking [[Saurashtra State|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch State|Kutch]] states. The Bombay state was being referred to by the local inhabitants as "Maha Dwibhashi Rajya", meaning, "the great bilingual state".<ref name=fed/>
but the State of Bombay was significantly enlarged, expanding eastward to incorporate the [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking [[Marathwada]] region of [[Hyderabad State (1948–56)|Hyderabad State]], the Marathi-speaking [[Vidarbha]] region of southern [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-speaking [[Saurashtra State|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch State|Kutch]] states. The Bombay state was being referred to by the local inhabitants as "Maha Dwibhashi Rajya", meaning, "the great bilingual state".<ref name=fed>{{Cite book|last=Grover|first=Verinder|author2=Ranjana Arora|title=Federation of India and States' Reorganisation: Reconstruction and Consolidation|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7100-541-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qu-CbNG66zkC&q=mahagujarat&pg=PA393|access-date=24 November 2012|page=392|year=1994}}</ref>


In 1956, the States Reorganisation Committee, against the will of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat with Bombay as its capital, whereas in ''[[Lok Sabha]]'' discussions in 1955, the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.<ref>{{cite news
In 1956, the States Reorganisation Committee, against the will of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat with Bombay as its capital, whereas in ''[[Lok Sabha]]'' discussions in 1955, the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.<ref>{{cite news
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  |access-date  = 12 November 2008
  |access-date  = 12 November 2008
  |newspaper    = [[The Hindu]]
  |newspaper    = [[The Hindu]]
  |archive-url  = https://www.webcitation.org/5oiM6UKR9?url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/04/13/stories/2003041300240300.htm#
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20050514003803/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/04/13/stories/2003041300240300.htm
  |archive-date = 3 April 2010
  |archive-date = 14 May 2005
  |url-status    = dead
  |url-status    = usurped
  |df          = dmy-all
  |df          = dmy-all
}}</ref> In the 1957 elections, the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti|Samyukta Maharashtra movement]] opposed these proposals, and insisted that Bombay be declared the capital of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web
}}</ref> In the 1957 elections, the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti|Samyukta Maharashtra movement]] opposed these proposals, and insisted that Bombay be declared the capital of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web
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Following protests of [[Samyukta Maharashtra Movement]], in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sons-of-soil-born-reborn/269628/|title=Sons of soil: born, reborn|date=6 February 2008|newspaper=[[The Indian Express|Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd.]]}} Retrieved on 12 November 2008.</ref> [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat following [[Mahagujarat Movement]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_gujurat.php|title=Gujarat|access-date=16 January 2008|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref> Maharashtra State with [[Bombay]] as its capital was formed with the merger of [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from [[Central Provinces and Berar]], five districts from [[Hyderabad State]], and numerous princely states enclosed between them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_maharashtra.php|title=Maharashtra|access-date=16 January 2008|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref>
Following protests of [[Samyukta Maharashtra Movement]], in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sons-of-soil-born-reborn/269628/|title=Sons of soil: born, reborn|date=6 February 2008|newspaper=[[The Indian Express|Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd.]]}} Retrieved on 12 November 2008.</ref> [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat following [[Mahagujarat Movement]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_gujurat.php|title=Gujarat|access-date=16 January 2008|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref> Maharashtra State with [[Bombay]] as its capital was formed with the merger of [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from [[Central Provinces and Berar]], five districts from [[Hyderabad State]], and numerous princely states enclosed between them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_maharashtra.php|title=Maharashtra|access-date=16 January 2008|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref>


===Chief Ministers===
===Chief ministers===
Bombay State had three Chief Ministers after the independence of India:
Bombay State had three chief ministers after the independence of India:
*[[Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher]] was the first [[Chief Minister]] of Bombay (1946–1952)
*[[Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher]] was the first [[chief minister]] of Bombay (1946–1952)
*[[Morarji Desai]] (1952–1956)
*[[Morarji Desai]] (1952–1956)
*[[Yashwantrao Chavan]] (1956–1960)
*[[Yashwantrao Chavan]] (1956–1960)
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===Governors===
===Governors===
{{see also|List of Governors of Bombay}}
{{see also|List of Governors of Bombay}}
In 1960, the designation of the "Governor of Bombay" was transmuted as the [[Governor of Maharashtra]].<ref name="raj"/>
Upon the split of Bombay State in 1960, the designation of the "Governor of Bombay" was renamed to the [[Governor of Maharashtra]].<ref name="raj"/>


{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="text-align:left;"
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="text-align:left;"
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|-
|-
|4
|4
|[[Sri Prakasa]]{{Ref label|f|f|none}}
|[[Sri Prakasa]]
|10 December 1956
|10 December 1956
|16 April 1962
|16 April 1962
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Nana Farari]]
* [[Political integration of India]]
* [[Political integration of India]]
* [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti|Samyukta Maharashtra]] movement for a separate [[Marathi people|Marathi]] state
* [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti|Samyukta Maharashtra]] movement for a separate [[Marathi people|Marathi]] state

Latest revision as of 19:51, 11 July 2023


Bombay
Former State
1950–1960
State of Bombay
The map of India showing Bombay
Location of Bombay in India
Country India
RegionWest India
Formation1950
Bifurcation1960 (into Maharashtra and Gujarat states
Consolidation1956 (merged Kutch State, Saurashtra State and Vidarbha)
Capital
and largest city		Bombay
Government
 • Governor
• 1950–1952
Raja Maharaj Singh (First)
• 1956–1962
Sri Prakasa (Last)
 • Chief minister
• 1946–1952
Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher (First)
• 1956–1960
Yashwantrao Chavan (Last)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Bombay Presidency
Deccan States Agency
Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency
Saurashtra State
Kutch State
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Bombay Presidency in 1909, northern portion
Bombay Presidency in 1909, southern portion

Bombay State was a large Indian state created in 1950 from the erstwhile Bombay Presidency, with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. Bombay Presidency (roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of Maharashtra, excluding South Maharashtra and Vidarbha) was merged with the princely states of Baroda, Western India and Gujarat (the present-day Indian state of Gujarat) and the Deccan States (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka).

On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the States Reorganisation Act on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the Saurashtra and Kutch States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of Gujarat, with Gujarati speaking population and Maharashtra, with Marathi speaking population.[1]

History[edit]

Main article: History of Bombay in independent India

During the British Raj, portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the Bombay Presidency. After Indian independence in 1947 and when India was partitioned, Bombay Presidency remained part of India, while Sind province became part of Pakistan. The territory retained by India was restructured into Bombay State when India became a republic in 1950. It included princely states such as Kolhapur in Deccan, and Baroda and the Dangs in Gujarat, which had former parts of Deccan States Agency and Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency.[2]

Expansion of the state[edit]

As a result of the States Reorganisation Act on 1 November 1956, the Kannada-speaking districts of Belgaum (except Chandgad taluka), Bijapur, Dharwar, and North Canara were transferred from Bombay State to Mysore State.[3] but the State of Bombay was significantly enlarged, expanding eastward to incorporate the Marathi-speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad State, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region of southern Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarati-speaking Saurashtra and Kutch states. The Bombay state was being referred to by the local inhabitants as "Maha Dwibhashi Rajya", meaning, "the great bilingual state".[4]

In 1956, the States Reorganisation Committee, against the will of Jawaharlal Nehru, recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat with Bombay as its capital, whereas in Lok Sabha discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.[5] In the 1957 elections, the Samyukta Maharashtra movement opposed these proposals, and insisted that Bombay be declared the capital of Maharashtra.[6]

Dissolution of Bombay state[edit]

Bombay State was finally dissolved with the formation of Maharashtra and Gujarat states on 1 May 1960.[7]

Following protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines.[8] Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat following Mahagujarat Movement.[9] Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them.[10]

Chief ministers[edit]

Bombay State had three chief ministers after the independence of India:

Governors[edit]

See also: List of Governors of Bombay

Upon the split of Bombay State in 1960, the designation of the "Governor of Bombay" was renamed to the Governor of Maharashtra.[11]

# Name Assumed office Left office Years in Office
1 Raja Sir Maharaj Singh 6 January 1948 30 May 1952 4
2 Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai 30 May 1952 5 December 1954 2
3 Harekrushna Mahatab 2 March 1955 14 October 1956 1
4 Sri Prakasa 10 December 1956 16 April 1962 6

Sources: Governor of Maharashtra[11] and Greater Bombay District Gazetteer[12]

Graphical

<timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1948 till:1960 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:6 start:1948

Colors = 

 id:canvas      value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
 id:PA   value:blue legend: Appointed

Legend = columns:2 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData = 

 barset:TNG

PlotData= 

 width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
 barset:TNG

 from:1948 till:1952 color:PA text:"Raja Sir Maharaj Singh (1948–1952)"
 from:1952 till:1954 color:PA text:"Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai (1952–1954)"
 from:1955 till:1956  color:PA text:"Hare Krishna Mahtab (1955–1956)"
 from:1956 till:1960 color:PA text:"Sri Prakasa (1956–1960)"
</timeline>

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Ramachandra Guha, India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy. HarperCollins, 2007
  2. ↑ Bhattacharya, Sanjoy (2006), Expunging Variola: The Control and Eradication of Smallpox in India, 1947–1977, Orient Blackswan, p. 18, ISBN 978-81-250-3018-8, retrieved 8 January 2021
  3. ↑ "States Reorganization Act 1956". Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  4. ↑ Grover, Verinder; Ranjana Arora (1994). Federation of India and States' Reorganisation: Reconstruction and Consolidation. Deep and Deep Publications. p. 392. ISBN 978-81-7100-541-3. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  5. ↑ "The battle for Bombay". The Hindu. 13 April 2003. Archived from the original on 14 May 2005. Retrieved 12 November 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ↑ "Samyukta Maharashtra". Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
  7. ↑ Sadasivan, S. N. (2005). Political and administrative integration of princely states. Mittal. ISBN 9788170999683.
  8. ↑ "Sons of soil: born, reborn". Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd. 6 February 2008. Retrieved on 12 November 2008.
  9. ↑ "Gujarat". Government of India. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
  10. ↑ "Maharashtra". Government of India. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Previous Governors List". Governor of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
  12. ↑ "List of the Governors of Bombay", Greater Bombay District Gazetteer, Maharashtra State Gazetteers, vol. I, Government of Maharashtra, 1986, archived from the original on 6 September 2008, retrieved 13 August 2008


Coordinates: 18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.97500°N 72.82583°E / 18.97500; 72.82583

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