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Mahmud Hasan Deobandi: Difference between revisions
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{{Distinguish|Mahmudul Hasan|Mahmud Deobandi}} | {{Distinguish|Mahmudul Hasan|Mahmud Deobandi}} | ||
{{Short description|Indian | {{Short description|Indian Muslim scholar and independence activist (1851–1920)}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} | ||
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'''Mahmud Hasan Deobandi''' (also known as '''Shaykh al-Hind'''; 1851–1920) was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the [[Indian freedom struggle|independence movement]], who co-founded the [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] and launched the [[Silk Letter Movement]] for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. His teachers included [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]] and [[Mahmud Deobandi]], and he was authorized in [[Sufism]] by [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] and [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]]. | '''Mahmud Hasan Deobandi''' (also known as '''Shaykh al-Hind'''; 1851–1920) was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the [[Indian freedom struggle|independence movement]], who co-founded the [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] and launched the [[Silk Letter Movement]] for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. His teachers included [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]] and [[Mahmud Deobandi]], and he was authorized in [[Sufism]] by [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] and [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]]. | ||
Hasan served as the principal of the Darul Uloom Deoband and founded organisations such as the Jamiatul Ansar and the Nizaratul Maarif. He wrote a translation of the [[Quran]] in [[Urdu]] and authored books such as ''Adilla-e-Kāmilah'', ''Īzah al-adillah'', ''Ahsan al-Qirā'' and ''Jahd al- | Hasan served as the principal of the Darul Uloom Deoband and founded organisations such as the Jamiatul Ansar and the Nizaratul Maarif. He wrote a translation of the [[Quran]] in [[Urdu]] and authored books such as ''Adilla-e-Kāmilah'', ''Īzah al-adillah'', ''Ahsan al-Qirā'' and ''Al-Jahd al-Muqill''. He taught [[hadith]] at the Darul Uloom Deoband and copyedited the ''[[Sunan Abu Dawud]]''. His major students include [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]], [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]], [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], [[Kifayatullah Dehlawi]], [[Sanaullah Amritsari]] and [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]]. | ||
Hasan was a staunch opponent of the [[British Raj]]. He launched movements to overthrow their power in India but was arrested in 1916 and imprisoned in [[Malta]]. He was released in 1920, and was honoured with the title of "Shaykh al-Hind" (The Leader of India) by the [[Khilafat movement|Khilafat committee]]. He wrote religious edicts in support of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] and travelled various parts of India, to enroll Muslims in the freedom movement. He presided the second general meeting of the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]] in November 1920 and was appointed its president. The [[Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College]] is named in his memory. In 2013, the Government of India released a [[Commemorative stamp|commemorative postal stamp]] on his Silk Letter Movement. | Hasan was a staunch opponent of the [[British Raj]]. He launched movements to overthrow their power in India but was arrested in 1916 and imprisoned in [[Malta]]. He was released in 1920, and was honoured with the title of "Shaykh al-Hind" (The Leader of India) by the [[Khilafat movement|Khilafat committee]]. He wrote religious edicts in support of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] and travelled various parts of India, to enroll Muslims in the freedom movement. He presided the second general meeting of the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]] in November 1920 and was appointed its president. The [[Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College]] is named in his memory. In 2013, the Government of India released a [[Commemorative stamp|commemorative postal stamp]] on his Silk Letter Movement. | ||
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Gangohi's work received criticism from the [[Ahl-i Hadith]] scholars; most of which reproduced the same arguments.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=345}} Gangohi's pupil Mahmud Hasan felt that the language of these works was insolent, and wrote a lengthy book, entitled ''Ahsan al-Qirā fī Tawzīḥ Awthaq al-'Urā'' ({{trans|''The Best Discourse in The Elucidation of The Strongest Ring''}}), in response.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=346}} | Gangohi's work received criticism from the [[Ahl-i Hadith]] scholars; most of which reproduced the same arguments.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=345}} Gangohi's pupil Mahmud Hasan felt that the language of these works was insolent, and wrote a lengthy book, entitled ''Ahsan al-Qirā fī Tawzīḥ Awthaq al-'Urā'' ({{trans|''The Best Discourse in The Elucidation of The Strongest Ring''}}), in response.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=346}} | ||
===Jahd al- | ===Al-Jahd al-Muqill=== | ||
[[Shah Ismail Dehlvi]] and his companions who worked for the reformation of Muslims from [[Bidʻah]] (religious innovations), received wide criticism from the people who were associated with these innovations.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=347}} Dehlvi was in particular accused of blasphemy and was [[Takfir|excommunicated]] from Islam.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=347}} Subsequently, Islamic scholar [[Ahmad Hasan Kanpuri]] wrote ''Tanzih al-Raḥmān'' ({{trans|''The Glorification of the Merciful''}}), in which he mentioned Dehlvi to be a member of extreme group of the [[Muʿtazila]].{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=348}} Mahmud Hasan, in response, wrote ''Jahd al- | [[Shah Ismail Dehlvi]] and his companions who worked for the reformation of Muslims from [[Bidʻah]] (religious innovations), received wide criticism from the people who were associated with these innovations.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=347}} Dehlvi was in particular accused of blasphemy and was [[Takfir|excommunicated]] from Islam.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=347}} Subsequently, Islamic scholar [[Ahmad Hasan Kanpuri]] wrote ''Tanzih al-Raḥmān'' ({{trans|''The Glorification of the Merciful''}}), in which he mentioned Dehlvi to be a member of extreme group of the [[Muʿtazila]].{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=348}} Mahmud Hasan, in response, wrote ''Al-Jahd al-Muqill fī Tanzīhi al-Mu'izzi wa al-muzill'' ({{trans|''An Effort of an Insignificant on the Glorification of One who Graces and Disgraces''}}), in two volumes.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=349}} The book discusses the attributes and qualities of [[Allah]] with the terminology of the [[Ilm al-Kalam]], following the accent of [[Al-Taftazani]]'s commentary ''Sharah Aqā'id-e-Nasafi'', on [[Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi|al-Nasafi's]] creed.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=348}} Hasan has responded to the allegations made against Shah Ismail Dehlvi and other such scholars, using Ilm al-Kalam.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012|p=349}} | ||
===Tas'hīh Abu Dawūd=== | ===Tas'hīh Abu Dawūd=== | ||
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[[Category:Burials at Mazar-e-Qasmi]] | [[Category:Burials at Mazar-e-Qasmi]] | ||
[[Category:Deobandi good articles]] | [[Category:Deobandi good articles]] | ||
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]] | |||