| Rathwali | |
|---|---|
| राठवाली राठी | |
 | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Uttarakhand |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | rath1241 |
  Rathwali Rathi-speaking area  Rathwali Rathwali (India) | |
| Coordinates: 30°01′15″N 79°02′58″E / 30.020775°N 79.049420°E | |
Rathwali (rāṭhavālī) or Rathi is spoken in the north of Salani throughout the centre of the District of Garhwal, over the greater parts of the Chandpur and Dewalgarh Parganas today's Thailisain block and sorrounding areas [1] in Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under Garhwali,[2] belonging to the Central Pahari group(as per Grierson). It is the language of the Khasiyas.
Grammar[edit | edit source]
Gender :
Rules for gender are same as Srinagaria.
Number :
Tadbhava masc. nouns which end with a in Hindi, in Rathwali end with o. However some exceptions exist.
Cases :
| Case | |
|---|---|
| agent | न, ल |
| accusative | गणी |
| instrumental | न, ल |
| dative | गणी(to), खुणी(to) थां(to), कूं(for) |
| ablative | गणी(from), मकोई(from), बटी(from)
उण्डे(out of), मांय-ल(among), से , ते |
| genitive | को |
| locative | मा(in, into), माँ(in, into), गणी(in), पार(on), तल(below) |
Adjectives :
Follows same rules as Srinagaria, however the final a is changed into a.
Pronouns :
| sing. | pul. | |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | mi, mi
tu,tu |
ham, hamu
tum,tumu |
| ag, | mi-la, mai-la
ti-la, twe- la |
hamu-la, ham-na
tumu-la, tum-na |
| gen. | mero, myoro | tero, tyoro |
| obl. | mai, mi, mi
tai, ti, twa |
ham, hamu
tum, tumu |
| sing. | pul. | |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | yo
wo |
yo,yu
wo,wu |
| obl. | yai
wai, we,wi |
wo, wu
un, wun, u, wu |
| sing. | pul. | |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | jo, ju | jo |
| obl. | jai, je | jau |
| sing. | pul. | |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | so | so |
| obl. | tai, te | tau |
Reflexive Pronoun is aaphu
Conjugation :
Auxiliary Verbs & Verbs Substantive
| sing. | pul. | |
|---|---|---|
| I am | chhū, chhaū | chhawā |
| thou art | chhai,chhaī | chhavu |
| he is | chha, cha | chhī |
| sing. | pul. | |
|---|---|---|
| was | chhayō(masc)
chhayā(fem) |
chhōyō(masc)
chhāyā |
Comparative analysis[edit | edit source]
| Srinagaria | Rathwali | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Bal | Latula | Hair |
| Baba te | Babu gani | To a father/from a father |
| Lokhar | Luho | Iron |
| Nauno/Nauni | Laudo/Laudi | Boy/Girl |
| Hondo | Honnu | Being |
| Janaani | Siani | Woman |
| Ghar | Kudo | House |
| Khado ho | Thado ho | Stand up |
| Door | Tada | Far |
| Agadi/Pichhadi | Aghin/Pachhin | After/Before |
| English | Srinagaria | Rathwali | Tehriyali |
|---|---|---|---|
| Man | Mankhi | Manakha | Mans, Manakhi, Manas |
| Woman | Janani | Siani | Janani, bairan, kajan |
| Wife | Swain, janani | Sain, swin | Swain |
| Child | Nauno | Lauro | Nauno |
| Son | Nauno | Lauro | Larik, nauno |
| Daughter | Nauni | Lauri | Beṭi, nauni |
| Father | Baba | Baba, buba | Baba, buba |
| Mother | Boi | Boi | Boi, ija |
| Brother | Bhai, dada (elder), bhula (younger) | Bhai | Bhai (general), dada (elder), bhula (younger) |
| Sister | Bain, didi (elder), bhuli (younger) | Bain | Baini, bain (general), didi (elder), bhuli (younger) |
| Srinagaria | Rathwali | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| mai marda | mai mannu | I beat |
| tu mardi | tu marni | thou beatest |
| wo mard | wo marn | he beats |
| ham maarda | ham maarnu | we beat |
| tum marda | tum maarni | you beat |
| wo mardin | wo maani | they beat |
| main maare | mi la maara | I beat(past) |
| tin maare | ti la maara | thou beatest
(past) |
| wain maare | wa la maara | he beat(past) |
| haman maare | hamu la maara | we beat (past) |
| tuman maare | tumu la maara | you beat(past) |
| un maare | wunoon la maare | they beat(past) |
| mai maarnu chhaun | mi manu chhaun | I am beating |
| mai marnu chhayo | mi maarno chhoyo | I was beating |
| main maaryun chhayo | mai la maaryala | I had beaten |
| main maaroon | mi maaroon | I may beat |
| main maarulo | mi marulo | I shall beat |
| tu marilo | tu maril | thou wilt beat |
| wo marlo | wo marul | he will beat |
| ham maarla | ham maala | we shall beat |
| tum marilya | tum malya | you will beat |
| wo maarla | wo maala | they will beat |
Script & specimen[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32110
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 315.
- ↑ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 312–313.
- ↑ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 313–314.
- ↑ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 314.
- ↑ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 315–316.
- ↑ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 316.
- ↑ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey of India, Vol. IX, Part IV: Central Pahari. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
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