Miju language

Kaman
Kaman
Geman, Kman
Miju, Kùmán
Pronunciation	Template:IPA-bodia
Region	Arunachal Pradesh, India
Ethnicity	Miju Mishmi
Native speakers	18,000 (2006)
Language family	possibly Sino-Tibetan (Midzuish), or a language isolate Kaman;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mxj
Glottolog	miju1243

Dear reader, We need your support to keep the flame of knowledge burning bright! Our hosting server bill is due on June 1st, and without your help, Bharatpedia faces the risk of shutdown. We've come a long way together in exploring and celebrating our rich heritage. Now, let's unite to ensure Bharatpedia continues to be a beacon of knowledge for generations to come. Every contribution, big or small, makes a difference. Together, let's preserve and share the essence of Bharat.

Thank you for being part of the Bharatpedia family!
Please scan the QR code on the right click here to donate.

0%

transparency: ₹0 raised out of ₹100,000 (0 supporter)

Kaman (Geman, Geman Deng, Kùmán), or Miju (Miju Mishmi, Midzu), is a small language of India and China. Long assumed to be a Sino-Tibetan language, it may be a language isolate.^[2]

Locations[edit]

In China, the Miju are known as the Deng 僜人. The Deng number over 1,000 in Zayü County, Tibet, China, with 1,000 of the Deng having the autonym tɑ31 ruɑŋ53 (大让), and 130 having the autonym kɯ˧˩mɑn˧˥ (格曼) (Geman). They are also neighbors with the Idu or i53 du31 (义都) people.^{[citation needed]}

In India, Miju is spoken in Hawai Circle and the Parsuram Kund area of Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh (Boro 1978,^[3] Dasgupta 1977^[4]). Ethnologue reports that Miju is spoken in 25 villages located in high altitude areas to the east of upper Lohit and Dau valleys, which are located east of the Haguliang, Billong, and Tilai valleys.^{[citation needed]}

Phonology[edit]

These are the sounds in the Miju/Kaman language.^[5]

Consonants[edit]

Consonant phonemes
		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m		n		ɳ	ɲ
Plosive	plain	p		t				k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ		tʰ				kʰ
	voiced	b		d				ɡ
Affricate	plain			ts	tʃ
	aspirated				tʃʰ
	voiced			dz	dʒ
Fricative	plain	f	θ	s	ʃ			xʷ
Fricative	voiced	v	ð	z				ɣʷ
Approximant		ʋ					j	w
Lateral				l		ɭ
Rhotic				r		ɽ

Vowels[edit]

Monophthong phonemes
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Close-mid			o
Open-mid	ɛ	ə	ʌ • ɔ
Open		a

Tones[edit]

There are three main tones in the Miju language, rising (á), falling (à), and level (ā).^[6]

References[edit]

↑ Kaman at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
↑ Blench, Roger; Post, Mark (2011), (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2013
↑ Boro, A. 1978. Miju dictionary. Shillong: Research Department, Arunachal Pradesh Administration.
↑ Dasgupta, K. 1977. A phrase book in Miju. Shillong: Director of Information and Public Relations, Arunachal Pradesh.
↑ Blench, Roger (2015), Kman ethno-ophresiology; characterising taste, smell and texture in a language of Arunachal Pradesh
↑ Blench, Roger; Kri, Sokhep; Ngadong, Kruleso; Masong, Barum (2015), Kman Reading and writing Kman

Blench, Roger. 2017. A dictionary of Kman (Miju), a language of Arunachal Pradesh.
Blench, Roger. 2015. Reading and writing Kman / Kman tasay tapuri pit. Tezu, Arunachal Pradesh: Kman Language Development Committee.

Template:Language families Template:Arunachal languages

[e18-1] Kaman at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[2] Blench, Roger; Post, Mark (2011), (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2013

[3] Boro, A. 1978. Miju dictionary. Shillong: Research Department, Arunachal Pradesh Administration.

[4] Dasgupta, K. 1977. A phrase book in Miju. Shillong: Director of Information and Public Relations, Arunachal Pradesh.

[5] Blench, Roger (2015), Kman ethno-ophresiology; characterising taste, smell and texture in a language of Arunachal Pradesh

[6] Blench, Roger; Kri, Sokhep; Ngadong, Kruleso; Masong, Barum (2015), Kman Reading and writing Kman

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]