Arabic script in Unicode

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Many scripts in Unicode, such as Arabic, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. In English, the common ampersand (&) developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters e and t (spelling et, Latin for and) were combined.^[1] The rules governing ligature formation in Arabic can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as the Arabic Calligraphic Engine by Thomas Milo's DecoType.^[2]

As of Unicode Template:Unicode version, the Arabic script is contained in the following blocks:^[3]

Arabic (0600–06FF, 256 characters)
Arabic Supplement (0750–077F, 48 characters)
Arabic Extended-B (0870–089F, 41 characters)
Arabic Extended-A (08A0–08FF, 96 characters)
Arabic Presentation Forms-A (FB50–FDFF, 631 characters)
Arabic Presentation Forms-B (FE70–FEFF, 141 characters)
Rumi Numeral Symbols (10E60–10E7F, 31 characters)
Arabic Extended-C (10EC0-10EFF, 3 characters)
Indic Siyaq Numbers (1EC70–1ECBF, 68 characters)
Ottoman Siyaq Numbers (1ED00–1ED4F, 61 characters)
Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols (1EE00–1EEFF, 143 characters)

The basic Arabic range encodes the standard letters and diacritics, but does not encode contextual forms (U+0621–U+0652 being directly based on ISO 8859-6); and also includes the most common diacritics and Arabic-Indic digits. The Arabic Supplement range encodes letter variants mostly used for writing African (non-Arabic) languages. The Arabic Extended-B and Arabic Extended-A ranges encode additional Qur'anic annotations and letter variants used for various non-Arabic languages. The Arabic Presentation Forms-A range encodes contextual forms and ligatures of letter variants needed for Persian, Urdu, Sindhi and Central Asian languages. The Arabic Presentation Forms-B range encodes spacing forms of Arabic diacritics, and more contextual letter forms. The presentation forms are present only for compatibility with older standards, and are not currently needed for coding text.^[4] The Arabic Mathematical Alphabetical Symbols block encodes characters used in Arabic mathematical expressions. The Indic Siyaq Numbers block contains a specialized subset of Arabic script that was used for accounting in India under the Mughal Empire by the 17th century through the middle of the 20th century.^[5]^[6] The Ottoman Siyaq Numbers block contains a specialized subset of Arabic script, also known as Siyakat numbers, used for accounting in Ottoman Turkish documents.^[6]

Contextual forms[edit]

A demonstration for the basic alphabet used in Modern Standard Arabic:

General Unicode	Contextual forms				Name
General Unicode	Isolated	Final (End)	Medial (Middle)	Initial (Beginning)	Name
0627 ا	FE8D ﺍ	FE8E ﺎ			ʾalif
0628 ب	FE8F ﺏ	FE90 ﺐ	FE92 ﺒ	FE91 ﺑ	bāʾ
062A ت	FE95 ﺕ	FE96 ﺖ	FE98 ﺘ	FE97 ﺗ	tāʾ
062B ث	FE99 ﺙ	FE9A ﺚ	FE9C ﺜ	FE9B ﺛ	ṯāʾ
062C ج	FE9D ﺝ	FE9E ﺞ	FEA0 ﺠ	FE9F ﺟ	ǧīm
062D ح	FEA1 ﺡ	FEA2 ﺢ	FEA4 ﺤ	FEA3 ﺣ	ḥāʾ
062E خ	FEA5 ﺥ	FEA6 ﺦ	FEA8 ﺨ	FEA7 ﺧ	ḫāʾ
062F د	FEA9 ﺩ	FEAA ﺪ			dāl
0630 ذ	FEAB ﺫ	FEAC ﺬ			ḏāl
0631 ر	FEAD ﺭ	FEAE ﺮ			rāʾ
0632 ز	FEAF ﺯ	FEB0 ﺰ			zayn/zāy
0633 س	FEB1 ﺱ	FEB2 ﺲ	FEB4 ﺴ	FEB3 ﺳ	sīn
0634 ش	FEB5 ﺵ	FEB6 ﺶ	FEB8 ﺸ	FEB7 ﺷ	šīn
0635 ص	FEB9 ﺹ	FEBA ﺺ	FEBC ﺼ	FEBB ﺻ	ṣād
0636 ض	FEBD ﺽ	FEBE ﺾ	FEC0 ﻀ	FEBF ﺿ	ḍād
0637 ط	FEC1 ﻁ	FEC2 ﻂ	FEC4 ﻄ	FEC3 ﻃ	ṭāʾ
0638 ظ	FEC5 ﻅ	FEC6 ﻆ	FEC8 ﻈ	FEC7 ﻇ	ẓāʾ
0639 ع	FEC9 ﻉ	FECA ﻊ	FECC ﻌ	FECB ﻋ	ʿayn
063A غ	FECD ﻍ	FECE ﻎ	FED0 ﻐ	FECF ﻏ	ġayn
0641 ف	FED1 ﻑ	FED2 ﻒ	FED4 ﻔ	FED3 ﻓ	fāʾ
0642 ق	FED5 ﻕ	FED6 ﻖ	FED8 ﻘ	FED7 ﻗ	qāf
0643 ك	FED9 ﻙ	FEDA ﻚ	FEDC ﻜ	FEDB ﻛ	kāf
0644 ل	FEDD ﻝ	FEDE ﻞ	FEE0 ﻠ	FEDF ﻟ	lām
0645 م	FEE1 ﻡ	FEE2 ﻢ	FEE4 ﻤ	FEE3 ﻣ	mīm
0646 ن	FEE5 ﻥ	FEE6 ﻦ	FEE8 ﻨ	FEE7 ﻧ	nūn
0647 ه	FEE9 ﻩ	FEEA ﻪ	FEEC ﻬ	FEEB ﻫ	hāʾ
0648 و	FEED ﻭ	FEEE ﻮ			wāw
064A ي	FEF1 ﻱ	FEF2 ﻲ	FEF4 ﻴ	FEF3 ﻳ	yāʾ
0622 آ	FE81 ﺁ	FE82 ﺂ			ʾalif maddah
0629 ة	FE93 ﺓ	FE94 ﺔ	—	—	Tāʾ marbūṭah
0649 ى	FEEF ﻯ	FEF0 ﻰ	—	—	ʾalif maqṣūrah

Punctuation and ornaments[edit]

Only the Arabic question mark ⟨؟⟩ and the Arabic comma ⟨،⟩ are used in regular Arabic script typing and the comma is often substituted for the Latin script comma (,).

U+060C Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC COMMA
U+060D Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC DATE SEPARATOR
U+060E Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC POETIC VERSE SIGN
U+060F Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC SIGN MISRA
U+061B Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC SEMICOLON
U+061E Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC TRIPLE DOT PUNCTUATION MARK
U+061F Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC QUESTION MARK
U+066D ٭ Template:Smallcaps2
U+06D4 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC FULL STOP
U+06DD Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC END OF AYAH
U+06DE Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC START OF RUB EL HIZB
U+06E9 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC PLACE OF SAJDAH
U+06FD Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC SIGN SINDHI AMPERSAND
U+FD3E ﴾ Arabic ornate left parenthesis
U+FD3F ﴿ Arabic ornate right parenthesis

Word ligatures[edit]

Arabic Presentation Forms-A has a few characters defined as "word ligatures" for terms frequently used in formulaic expressions in Arabic. They are rarely used out of professional liturgical typing, also the Rial grapheme is normally written fully, not by the ligature.

U+FDF0 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE SALLA USED AS KORANIC STOP SIGN ISOLATED FORM (صلے)
U+FDF1 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE QALA USED AS KORANIC STOP SIGN ISOLATED FORM (قلے)
U+FDF2 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE ALLAH ISOLATED FORM (الله)
U+FDF3 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE AKBAR ISOLATED FORM (اكبر), as in the phrase الله أكبر Allāhu akbar
U+FDF4 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE MOHAMMAD ISOLATED FORM (محمد)
U+FDF5 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE SALAM ISOLATED FORM (صلعم, the abbreviation for صلى الله عليه وسلم "peace be upon him")
U+FDF6 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE RASOUL ISOLATED FORM (رسول)
U+FDF7 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE ALAYHE ISOLATED FORM (عليه)
U+FDF8 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE WASALLAM ISOLATED FORM (وسلم)
U+FDF9 Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE SALLA ISOLATED FORM (صلى)
U+FDFA Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASALLAM (صلى الله عليه وسلم "peace be upon him")
U+FDFB Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE JALLAJALALOUHOU (جل جلاله)
U+FDFC Template:Script/Arabic RIAL SIGN (ريال)
U+FDFD Template:Script/Arabic ARABIC LIGATURE BISMILLAH AR-RAHMAN AR-RAHEEM (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم bism-i llāh-i r-raḥmān-i r-raḥīm)

Code blocks[edit]

Arabic[edit]

Character table[edit]

Code	Result	Unicode name
U+0600	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Number Sign
U+0601	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Sanah
U+0602	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Footnote Marker
U+0603	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Safha
U+0604	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Samvat used for writing Samvat era dates in Urdu
U+0605	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Number Mark Above may be used with Coptic Epact numbers
U+0606	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Cube Root → U+221B ∛ Cube Root
U+0607	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Fourth Root → U+221C ∜ Fourth Root
U+0608	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Ray
U+0609	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Per Mille Sign → U+2030 ‰ Per Mille Sign
U+060A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Per Ten Thousand Sign → U+2031‱ Per Ten Thousand Sign
U+060B	Template:Script/Arabic	Afghani Sign
U+060C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Comma also used with Thaana and Syriac in modern text → U+002C , Comma → U+2E32 ⸲ Turned Comma → U+2E41 ⹁ Reversed Comma
U+060D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Date Separator
U+060E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Poetic Verse Sign
U+060F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Misra
U+0610	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Sallallahou Alayhe Wassallam represents sallallahu alayhe wasallam "may God's peace and blessings be upon him"
U+0611	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Alayhe Assallam represents alayhe assalam "upon him be peace"
U+0612	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Rahmatullah Alayhe represents rahmatullah alayhe "may God have mercy upon him"
U+0613	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Radi Allahou Anhu represents radi allahu 'anhu "may God be pleased with him"
U+0614	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Takhallus sign placed over the name or nom-de-plume of a poet, or in some writings used to mark all proper names
U+0615	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Tah marks a recommended pause position in some Qurans published in Iran and Pakistan should not be confused with the small TAH sign used as a diacritic for some letters such as 0679
U+0616	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Ligature Alef With Lam With Yeh early Persian ※Arabic Small High Ligature Alef With Yeh Barree
U+0617	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Zain
U+0618	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small Fatha should not be confused with 064E Fatha
U+0619	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small Damma should not be confused with 064F Damma
U+061A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small Kasra should not be confused with 0650 Kasra
U+061B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Semicolon also used with Thaana and Syriac in modern text → U+003B ; Semicolon → U+204F ⁏ Reversed Semicolon → U+2E35 ⸵ Turned Semicolon
U+061C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Mark (Alm)
U+061D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic End Of Text Mark
U+061E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Triple Dot Punctuation Mark
U+061F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Question Mark also used with Thaana and Syriac in modern text → U+003F ? Question Mark → U+2E2E ⸮ Reversed Question Mark
U+0620	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Kashmiri Yeh
U+0621	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Hamza → U+02BE ʾ Modifier Letter Right Half Ring
U+0622	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Alef With Madda Above ≡ آ U+0627 U+0653
U+0623	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Above ≡ أ U+0627 U+0654
U+0624	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Waw With Hamza Above ≡ ؤ U+0648 U+0654
U+0625	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Below ≡ إ U+0627 U+0655
U+0626	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Above in Kyrgyz the hamza is consistently positioned to the top right in isolate and final forms ≡ ئ U+064A U+0654
U+0627	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Alef
U+0628	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Beh
U+0629	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Teh Marbuta
U+062A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Teh
U+062B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Theh
U+062C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Jeem
U+062D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Hah
U+062E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Khah
U+062F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dal
U+0630	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Thal
U+0631	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh
U+0632	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Zain
U+0633	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Seen
U+0634	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Sheen
U+0635	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Sad
U+0636	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dad
U+0637	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Tah
U+0638	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Zah
U+0639	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ain → U+01B9 ƹ Latin Small Letter Ezh Reversed → U+02BF ʿ MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING
U+063A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ghain
U+063B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Keheh With Two Dots Above
U+063C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Keheh With Three Dots Below
U+063D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh With Inverted V Azerbaijani
U+063E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh With Two Dots Above
U+063F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh With Three Dots Above
U+0640	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Tatweel inserted to stretch characters or to carry tashkil with no base letter also used with Adlam, Hanifi Rohingya, Mandaic, Manichaean, Psalter Pahlavi, Sogdian, and Syriac= kashida
U+0641	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Feh
U+0642	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Qaf
U+0643	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Kaf
U+0644	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Lam
U+0645	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Meem Sindhi uses a shape with a short tail
U+0646	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Noon
U+0647	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Heh
U+0648	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Waw
U+0649	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Alef Maksura represents YEH-shaped dual-joining letter with no dots in any positional form not intended for use in combination with 0654 → U+0626 ئ Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Above
U+064A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Yeh loses its dots when used in combination with 0654 retains its dots when used in combination with other combining marks → U+08A8 ࢨ Arabic Letter Yeh With Two Dots Below And Hamza Above
U+064B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Fathatan
U+064C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Dammatan a common alternative form is written as two intertwined dammas, one of which is turned 180 degrees
U+064D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Kasratan
U+064E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Fatha
U+064F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Damma
U+0650	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Kasra
U+0651	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Shadda
U+0652	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sukun marks absence of a vowel after the base consonant used in some Qurans to mark a long vowel as ignored can have a variety of shapes, including a circular one and a shape that looks like '06E1' → U+06E1 ۡArabic Small High Dotless Head Of Khah
U+0653	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Maddah Above used for madd jaa'iz in South Asian and Indonesian orthographies →U+089C ࢜ Arabic Madda Waajib →U+089E ࢞ Arabic Doubled Madda →U+089F ࢟ Arabic Half Madda Over Madda
U+0654	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Hamza Above restricted to hamza and ezafe semantics is not used as a diacritic to form new letters
U+0655	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Hamza Below
U+0656	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Subscript Alef
U+0657	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Inverted Damma Kashmiri, Urdu= ulta pesh
U+0658	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Mark Noon Ghunna Baluchi indicates nasalization in Urdu
U+0659	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Zwarakay Pashto
U+065A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Vowel Sign Small V Above African languages
U+065B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Vowel Sign Inverted Small V Above African languages
U+065C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Vowel Sign Dot Below African languages also used in Quranic text in African and other orthographies
U+065D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Reversed Damma African languages
U+065E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Fatha With Two Dots Kalami
U+065F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Wavy Hamza Below Kashmiri
U+0660	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Zero
U+0661	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit One
U+0662	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Two
U+0663	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Three
U+0664	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Four
U+0665	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Five
U+0666	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Six
U+0667	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Seven
U+0668	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Eight
U+0669	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic-Indic Digit Nine
U+066A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Percent Sign → U+0025 % Percent Sign
U+066B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Decimal Separator
U+066C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Thousands Separator → U+0027 ' Apostrophe → U+2019 ’ Right Single Quotation Mark
U+066D	٭	Arabic Five Pointed Star appearance rather variable → U+002A * Asterisk
U+066E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dotless Beh
U+066F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dotless Qaf
U+0670	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Superscript Alef actually a vowel sign, despite the name
U+0671	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Alef Wasla Quranic Arabic
U+0672	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Alef With Wavy Hamza Above Baluchi, Kashmiri
U+0673	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Alef With Wavy Hamza Below (deprecated)^[7]Kashmiri this character is deprecated and its use is strongly discouraged use the sequence 0627 065F instead
U+0674	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter High Hamza Kazakh, Jawi forms digraphs
U+0675	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter High Hamza Alef preferred spelling is 0674 0627 ≈اٴ U+0674 U+0675
U+0676	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter High Hamza Waw preferred spelling is 0674 0648 ≈ وٴ U+0648 U+0674
U+0677	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter U With Hamza Above preferred spelling is 0674 06C7 ≈ ۇٴ U+06C7 0674
U+0678	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter High Hamza Yeh preferred spelling is 0674 0649 ≈ يٴ U+06C7 0674
U+0679	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Tteh Urdu
U+067A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Tteheh Sindhi
U+067B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Beeh Sindhi
U+067C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Teh With Ring Pashto
U+067D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Teh With Three Dots Above Downwards Sindhi
U+067E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Peh Persian, Urdu, ...
U+067F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Teheh Sindhi
U+0680	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Beheh Sindhi
U+0681	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Hah With Hamza Above Pashto represents the phoneme /dz/
U+0682	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Hah With Two Dots Vertical Above not used in modern Pashto
U+0683	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Nyeh Sindhi
U+0684	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dyeh Sindhi, Bosnian
U+0685	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Hah With Three Dots Above Pashto, Khwarazmian represents the phoneme /ts/ in Pashto
U+0686	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Tcheh Persian, Urdu, ...
U+0687	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Tcheheh Sindhi
U+0688	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ddal Urdu
U+0689	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dal With Ring Pashto
U+068A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dal With Dot Below Sindhi, early Persian, Pegon, Malagasy
U+068B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dal With Dot Below And Small Tah Lahnda
U+068C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dahal Sindhi
U+068D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ddahal Sindhi
U+068E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dul older shape for DUL, now obsolete in Sindhi Burushaski
U+068F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dal With Three Dots Above Downwards Sindhi current shape used for DUL
U+0690	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dal With Four Dots Above Old Urdu, not in current use
U+0691	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Rreh Urdu
U+0692	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh With Small V Kurdish
U+0693	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh With Ring Pashto
U+0694	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh With Dot Below Kurdish, early Persian
U+0695	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh With Small V Below Kurdish
U+0696	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh With Dot Below And Dot Above Pashto
U+0697	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh With Two Dots Above Dargwa
U+0698	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Jeh Persian, Urdu, ...
U+0699	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh With Four Dots Above Sindhi
U+069A	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Seen With Dot Below And Dot Above Pashto
U+069B	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Seen With Three Dots Below early Persian
U+069C	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Seen With Three Dots Below And Three Dots Above Moroccan Arabic
U+069D	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Sad With Two Dots Below Turkic
U+069E	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Sad With Three Dots Above Berber, Burushaski
U+069F	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Tah With Three Dots Above Old Hausa
U+06A0	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ain With Three Dots Above Jawi
U+06A1	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dotless Feh Adighe
U+06A2	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Feh With Dot Moved Below Maghrib Arabic
U+06A3	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Feh With Dot Below Ingush
U+06A4	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Veh Middle Eastern Arabic for foreign words Kurdish, Khwarazmian, early Persian, Jawi
U+06A5	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Feh With Three Dots Below North African Arabic for foreign words
U+06A6	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Peheh Sindhi
U+06A7	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Qaf With Dot Above Maghrib Arabic, Uyghur
U+06A8	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Qaf With Three Dots Above Tunisian Arabic
U+06A9	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Keheh Persian, Urdu, Sindhi, ...= kaf mashkula
U+06AA	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Swash Kaf represents a letter distinct from Arabic KAF (0643) in Sindhi
U+06AB	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Kaf With Ring Pashto may appear like an Arabic KAF (0643) with a ring below the base
U+06AC	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Kaf With Dot Above use for the Jawi gaf is not recommended, although it may be found in some existing text data; recommended character for Jawi gaf is 0762 → U+0762 ݢ Arabic Letter Keheh With Dot Above
U+06AD	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ng Uyghur, Kazakh, Moroccan Arabic, early Jawi, early Persian, ...
U+06AE	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Kaf With Three Dots Below Berber, early Persian Pegon alternative for 08B4
U+06AF	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Gaf Persian, Urdu, ...
U+06B0	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Gaf With Ring Lahnda
U+06B1	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ngoeh Sindhi
U+06B2	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Gaf With Two Dots Below not used in Sindhi
U+06B3	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Gueh Sindhi
U+06B4	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Gaf With Three Dots Above not used in Sindhi
U+06B5	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Lam With Small V Kurdish, Bosnian
U+06B6	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Lam With Dot Above Kurdish
U+06B7	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Lam With Three Dots Above Kurdish
U+06B8	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Lam With Three Dots Below
U+06B9	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Noon With Dot Below
U+06BA	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Noon Ghunna Urdu, archaic Arabic dotless in all four contextual forms
U+06BB	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Rnoon dotless in all four contextual forms
U+06BC	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Noon With Ring Pashto
U+06BD	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Noon With Three Dots Above Jawi
U+06BE	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Heh Doachashmee forms aspirate digraphs in Urdu and other languages of South Asia represents the glottal fricative /h/ in Uyghur
U+06BF	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Tcheh With Dot Above
U+06C0	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Heh With Yeh Above for ezafe, use 0654 over the language-appropriate base letter actually a ligature, not an independent letter arabic letter hamzah on ha (1.0) ≡ ۀ U+06D5 U+0654
U+06C1	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Heh Goal Urdu
U+06C2	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Heh Goal With Hamza Above Urdu actually a ligature, not an independent letter ≡ ۂ U+06C1 U+0654
U+06C3	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Teh Marbuta Goal Urdu
U+06C4	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Waw With Ring Kashmiri
U+06C5	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Kirghiz Oe Kyrgyz a glyph variant occurs which replaces the looped tail with a horizontal bar through the tail
U+06C6	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Oe Uyghur, Kurdish, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, Bosnian
U+06C7	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter U Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur
U+06C8	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Yu Uyghur
U+06C9	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Kirghiz Yu Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Bosnian
U+06CA	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Waw With Two Dots Above Kurdish
U+06CB	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ve Uyghur, Kazakh
U+06CC	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Kashmiri, ... initial and medial forms of this letter have dots → U+0649 ى ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA → U+064A ي Arabic Letter Yeh
U+06CD	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Yeh With Tail Pashto, Sindhi
U+06CE	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Yeh With Small V Kurdish
U+06CF	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Waw With Dot Above
U+06D0	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter E Pashto, Uyghur used as the letter bbeh in Sindhi
U+06D1	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Yeh With Three Dots Below Mende languages, Hausa
U+06D2	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Yeh Barree Urdu
U+06D3	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Yeh Barree With Hamza Above Urdu
U+06D4	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Full Stop Urdu
U+06D5	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ae Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz
U+06D6	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Ligature Sad With Lam With Alef Maksura
U+06D7	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Ligature Qaf With Lam With Alef Maksura
U+06D8	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Meem Initial Form
U+06D9	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Lam Alef
U+06DA	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Jeem
U+06DB	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Three Dots
U+06DC	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Seen
U+06DD	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic End of Ayah
U+06DE	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Star of Rub El Hizb
U+06DF	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Rounded Zero smaller than the typical circular shape used for 0652
U+06E0	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Upright Rectangular Zero the term "rectangular zero" is a translation of the Arabic name of this sign
U+06E1	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Dotless Head Of Khah presentation form of 0652, using font technology to select the variant is preferred used in some Qurans to mark absence of a vowel= Arabic jazm → U+0652 ْ Arabic Sukun
U+06E2	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Meem Isolated Form
U+06E3	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small Low Seen
U+06E4	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Madda typically used with 06E5, 06E6, 06E7, and 08F3
U+06E5	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small Waw → U+08D3 ࣓ Arabic Small Low Waw → U+08F3 ࣳ Arabic Small High Waw
U+06E6	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small Yeh
U+06E7	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Yeh
U+06E8	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small High Noon
U+06E9	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Place Of Sajdah there is a range of acceptable glyphs for this character
U+06EA	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Empty Centre Low Stop
U+06EB	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Empty Centre High Stop
U+06EC	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Rounded High Stop With Filled Centre also used in Quranic text in African and other orthographies to represent wasla, ikhtilas, etc.
U+06ED	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Small Low Meem
U+06EE	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dal With Inverted V
U+06EF	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Reh With Inverted V also used in early Persian
U+06F0	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Zero
U+06F1	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit One
U+06F2	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Two
U+06F3	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Three
U+06F4	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Four Persian has a different glyph than Sindhi and Urdu
U+06F5	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Five Persian, Sindhi, and Urdu share glyph different from Arabic
U+06F6	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Six Persian, Sindhi, and Urdu have glyphs different from Arabic
U+06F7	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Seven Urdu and Sindhi have glyphs different from Arabic
U+06F8	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Eight
U+06F9	Template:Script/Arabic	Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Nine
U+06FA	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Sheen With Dot Below
U+06FB	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Dad With Dot Below
U+06FC	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Ghain With Dot Below
U+06FD	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Sindhi Ampersand
U+06FE	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Sign Sindhi Postposition Men
U+06FF	Template:Script/Arabic	Arabic Letter Heh With Inverted V

Arabic Presentation Forms A[edit]

They are mostly ligatures which can be created from the previous charts' characters, with the exception of the bracket-like graphemes ﴾ ﴿ and some of them are ligatures of common liturgical phrases. Template:Unicode chart Arabic Presentation Forms-A

Arabic Presentation Forms B[edit]

These can all be created from the basic chart's characters. Template:Unicode chart Arabic Presentation Forms-B

Rumi Numeral Symbols[edit]

Template:Unicode chart Rumi Numeral Symbols

Arabic Extended-C[edit]

Template:Unicode chart Arabic Extended-C

Indic Siyaq Numbers[edit]

Template:Unicode chart Indic Siyaq Numbers

Ottoman Siyaq Numbers[edit]

Template:Unicode chart Ottoman Siyaq Numbers

Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols[edit]

Template:Unicode chart Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols

References[edit]

↑ "What is the origin of the ampersand (&)?"
↑ unicode.org Biography: Thomas Milo - DecoType
↑ "UAX #24: Script data file". Unicode Character Database. The Unicode Consortium.
↑ "Section 9.2: Arabic, Arabic Presentation Forms-B" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Consortium. September 2022.
↑ Pandey, Anshuman (2015-11-05). "L2/15-121R2: Proposal to Encode Indic Siyaq Numbers" (PDF).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 "Chapter 22: Symbols". The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 (PDF). Mountain View, CA: Unicode, Inc. September 2022. ISBN 978-1-936213-32-0.
↑ Deprecated as of Unicode version 6.0 UCD Change History "The particular combination of an alef with this vowel mark should be written with the sequence <U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF, U+065F ARABIC WAVY HAMZA BELOW>, rather than with the character U+0673 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW, which has been deprecated and which is not canonically equivalent. "Section 9.2: Arabic, Additional Vowel Marks" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Consortium. September 2022.

External links[edit]

Oibane. "Unicode problems". Arabic on Linux. Archived from the original on 2008-02-03.
Arabunic. "Arabunic : unicode <-> glyphs, 2 way converter". Java applet that convert glyphs to unicode (and unicode to glyphs). It accounts for ligatures, lam-alif, diacritics, etc.
Scheherazade or Scheherazade New, an extended Arabic script font designed by SIL International, distributed under the SIL Open Font License (OFL)
Harmattan, an extended Arabic script font designed by SIL International for West Africa, distributed under the SIL Open Font License (OFL)

[1] "What is the origin of the ampersand (&)?"

[UO-2] unicode.org Biography: Thomas Milo - DecoType

[3] "UAX #24: Script data file". Unicode Character Database. The Unicode Consortium.

[4] "Section 9.2: Arabic, Arabic Presentation Forms-B" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Consortium. September 2022.

[5] Pandey, Anshuman (2015-11-05). "L2/15-121R2: Proposal to Encode Indic Siyaq Numbers" (PDF).

[The_Unicode_Standard-6] 6.0 ^6.1 "Chapter 22: Symbols". The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 (PDF). Mountain View, CA: Unicode, Inc. September 2022. ISBN 978-1-936213-32-0.

[7] Deprecated as of Unicode version 6.0 UCD Change History "The particular combination of an alef with this vowel mark should be written with the sequence <U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF, U+065F ARABIC WAVY HAMZA BELOW>, rather than with the character U+0673 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW, which has been deprecated and which is not canonically equivalent. "Section 9.2: Arabic, Additional Vowel Marks" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Consortium. September 2022.

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