The following is a timeline of the Kashmir conflict, a territorial conflict between India, Pakistan and, to a lesser degree, China. India and Pakistan have been involved in four wars and several border skirmishes over the issue.
1846–1945: Princely state
- Template:Timeline-event Kashmir Valley was a Muslim-majority[1][2] region speaking the Kashmiri language and had a distinct culture called Kashmiriyat.
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[3]
- Template:Timeline-event[4][5] The Maharaja accepted these recommendations but delayed implementation, leading to protests in 1934. The Maharaja granted a constitution providing a legislative assembly for the people, but it was powerless.
- Template:Timeline-event[6][4]
- Template:Timeline-event[7] Soon afterwards, the younger leaders of the Muslim Conference pleaded for broadening the party to include all the people of the state.[8]
- Template:Timeline-event[9][relevant?]
- Template:Timeline-event[10] Two independent candidates that won were said to have joined the Muslim Conference afterwards.[11]
- Template:Timeline-event[6] At the same time, the National Conference joined the All India States Peoples Conference, a Congress-allied group of movements in princely states.[12]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[13]
- Template:Timeline-event[9]
- Template:Timeline-event[14]
- Template:Timeline-event[9]
1946–1947: Kashmir unrest and accession
1946
- Template:Timeline-event[9]
- Template:Timeline-event[15]
- Template:Timeline-event[15]
- Template:Timeline-event[16]
- Template:Timeline-event[17]
- Template:Timeline-event[16]
- Template:Timeline-event[15]
- Template:Timeline-event[18]
Early 1947
- Template:Timeline-event[17]
- Template:Timeline-event[19]
- Template:Timeline-event[20]
- Template:Timeline-event[20]
- Template:Timeline-event
April 1947
- Template:Timeline-event[21] The exodus increased in June and continued until August.
- Template:Timeline-event[22]
May 1947
June 1947
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[26]
- Template:Timeline-event[27]
- Template:Timeline-event[28]
- Template:Timeline-event[29][30]
July 1947
- Template:Timeline-event[22]
- Template:Timeline-event[31][32][33][30]
- Template:Timeline-event[34]
- Template:Timeline-event[34][35]
- Template:Timeline-event[27]
August 1947
- Template:Timeline-event[36][37]
- Template:Timeline-event[38]
- Template:Timeline-event[39]
- Template:Timeline-event[40]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[41]
- Template:Timeline-event[42]
- Template:Timeline-event[43] According to Major General Henry Lawrence Scott, the Chief of Staff of State Forces, they had been incited by 30 Muslims from West Punjab that entered the State a few days earlier.[44]
- Template:Timeline-event[39]
- Template:Timeline-event[45]
September 1947
- Template:Timeline-event[46]
- Template:Timeline-event[47][48]
- Template:Timeline-event[49]
- Template:Timeline-event[50]
- Template:Timeline-event[51][52]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[53][54]
- Template:Timeline-event[55][56]
- Template:Timeline-event[57]
- Template:Timeline-event[58]
- Template:Timeline-event[59]
- Template:Timeline-event[60]
- Template:Timeline-event[61]
- Template:Timeline-event[62][63]
- Template:Timeline-event[64]
- Template:Timeline-event[58] Henry Lawrence Scott, the Chief of Staff of the State Forces left his position. About 100,000 Muslims from East Punjab and an equal number of non-Muslims from West Punjab were safely escorted through Jammu by the State Forces.[65]
- Template:Timeline-event[66]
October 1947
- Template:Timeline-event[67][68]
- Template:Timeline-event[69]
- Template:Timeline-event[70][71]
- Template:Timeline-event[72]
- Template:Timeline-event[73]
- Template:Timeline-event[43]
- Template:Timeline-event[74][75]
- Template:Timeline-event[76]
- Template:Timeline-event[77]
- Template:Timeline-event,[78] stated to be the beginning of the 1947 Jammu violence.[79]
- Template:Timeline-event[43]
- Template:Timeline-event[80][81][82]
- Template:Timeline-event[83][84]
- Template:Timeline-event[85]
- Template:Timeline-event[86]
- Template:Timeline-event[87]
- Template:Timeline-event[34] This stalled due to the impending invasion.
- Template:Timeline-event[43]
- Template:Timeline-event[88]
- Template:Timeline-event[89] Thousands of Pashtuns from Pakistan's North West Frontier Province, recruited covertly by the Pakistani Army, invaded Kashmir along with the Poonch rebels, allegedly incensed by atrocities against fellow Muslims in Poonch and Jammu. The tribesmen engaged in looting and killing along the way.[90] Pro-Pakistan members of the Maharaja's army rebelled at Domel (Muzaffarabad) and took control of the Jhelum river bridge.[67]
- Template:Timeline-event[91]
- Template:Timeline-event[92] Batra carried a message from the Maharaja which requested military assistance and proposed accession to India.[93]
- Template:Timeline-event[94]
- Template:Timeline-event[43][95][96]
- Template:Timeline-event[97]
- Template:Timeline-event[97]
- Template:Timeline-event[98] until such time as the will of the people could be ascertained.
- Template:Timeline-event[99]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[100][101]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[102] Tribesmen again poured into Kashmir.[103]
- Template:Timeline-event[104]
- Template:Timeline-event[105][106]
November 1947
- Template:Timeline-event[107]
- Template:Timeline-event[108]
- Template:Timeline-event[109]
- Template:Timeline-event[110]
- Template:Timeline-event[111]
- Template:Timeline-event[112] 6 November became a remembrance day in Pakistan and Azad Kashmir.[113]
- Template:Timeline-event[109]
- Template:Timeline-event[114]
- Template:Timeline-event[112]
- Template:Timeline-event[114]
- Template:Timeline-event[106]
- Template:Timeline-event[115]
- Template:Timeline-event[116] The day is remembered as the "Mirpur day" in Indian-administered Jammu.[117]
- Template:Timeline-event[118]
- Template:Timeline-event[119][120] However, the agreement was vetoed by Jinnah: "No commitments should be made without my approval of terms of settlement. Mr. Liaquat has agreed and promised to abide by this understanding," read his note to the ministers.[121] The next day, India's Defence Committee was informed that Pakistan was reinforcing the tribesmen.[122]
- Template:Timeline-event[123]
- Template:Timeline-event[121]
December 1947
- Template:Timeline-event[124][125]
- Template:Timeline-event[126]
- Template:Timeline-event[127]
- Template:Timeline-event[128]
- Template:Timeline-event[129]
- Template:Timeline-event[130]
- Template:Timeline-event[131]
- Template:Timeline-event[132][133]
- Template:Timeline-event[131][134]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[135]
1948: War and diplomacy
January 1948
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[136]
- Template:Timeline-event[clarification needed][135]
- Template:Timeline-event[137][138]
- Template:Timeline-event[139][140]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[141]
- Template:Timeline-event[142]
February–April 1948
- Template:Timeline-event[143]
- Template:Timeline-event[136] No reinforcements were possible due to closure of the Zoji La pass by winter snows. The Ladakhis appealed to Nehru for help.[144]
- Template:Timeline-event[143]
- Template:Timeline-event[145]
- Template:Timeline-event[146]
- Template:Timeline-event[144]
- Template:Timeline-event[147]
- Template:Timeline-event[148]
- Template:Timeline-event[149]
May 1948
July 1948
August–December 1948
- Template:Timeline-event[154]
- Template:Timeline-event[155]
- Template:Timeline-event[156]
- Template:Timeline-event[153]
- Template:Timeline-event[153]
- Template:Timeline-event[153]
- Template:Timeline-event[153]
- Template:Timeline-event[153]
1949–1962: Plebiscite conundrum
1949
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[157] As per the 1948[158] and 1949 UNCIP Resolutions, both countries accepted the principle that Pakistan would secure the withdrawal of Pakistani intruders followed by withdrawal of Pakistani and Indian forces, as a basis for the formulation of a truce agreement, the details of which were to be determined, followed by a plebiscite. However, the countries failed to arrive at a truce agreement due to differences in interpretation of the procedure for and extent of demilitarisation, one of them being whether the Azad Kashmiri army was to be disbanded during the truce stage or the plebiscite stage.[159][better source needed]
- Template:Timeline-event[160]
- Template:Timeline-event[161]
- Template:Timeline-event[162]
- Template:Timeline-event[163]
- Template:Timeline-event
1950
- Template:Timeline-event[164]
- Template:Timeline-event[164]
- Template:Timeline-event[164]
- Template:Timeline-event[165]
1951
- Template:Timeline-event[165] Liaquat Ali Khan displayed a clenched fist in defiance.[166]
- Template:Timeline-event[167] The UN Security Council passed Resolution 91 to the effect that such elections did not substitute a plebiscite.[159]Template:Primary-source-inline
1952
- Template:Timeline-event[168]
- Template:Timeline-event[169]
- Template:Timeline-event[170]
- Template:Timeline-event[170][171][172][173]
- Template:Timeline-event[174]
- Template:Timeline-event,[175] which provided for the autonomy of the State within India and the autonomy for regions within the State.[171]
- Template:Timeline-event[176]
- Template:Timeline-event[177][178]
1953
- Template:Timeline-event[177][178]
- Template:Timeline-event[179][180]
- Template:Timeline-event Large protests were held in Delhi and other parts of the country.[181]
- Template:Timeline-event[182][181]
- Template:Timeline-event[183]
- Template:Timeline-event A plebiscite would be held in all regions and the state partitioned on the basis of the results.[184][185]
- Template:Timeline-event[186][187]
1954
- Template:Timeline-event[188][189]
- Template:Timeline-event[187] He stated his concerns about the cold-war alignments and that such an alliance affects the Kashmir issue. India resisted plebiscite efforts from this point.[183][better source needed]
1955–1957
- Template:Timeline-event[190]
- Template:Timeline-event[191]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[192] India's Home Minister, Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant, during his visit to Srinagar, declared that the State of Jammu and Kashmir was an integral part of India and there can be no question of a plebiscite to determine its status afresh. India continued to resist plebiscite efforts.[193]
- Template:Timeline-event[194]
- Template:Timeline-event[195]
1959–1962
1963–1987: Rise of Kashmiri nationalism
1963–1969
- Template:Timeline-event[197]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event Sheikh Abdullah was released after 11 years.[198]
- Template:Timeline-event[199][200]
- Template:Timeline-event[201]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[202]
1970–1979
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[203][204]
- Template:Timeline-event[205] The Plebiscite Front was dissolved and renamed the National Conference. Sheikh Abdullah assumed the position of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir after an 11-year gap.[206]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[206][207]
- Template:Timeline-event Amanullah Khan was elected as its General Secretary the following year.[208]
- Template:Timeline-event[209] The Mujahideen so recruited would, in the late 1980s, take on their own agenda of establishing Islamic rule in Kashmir.
1980–1986
- Template:Timeline-event Bari travelled to Indian-administered Kashmir and conferred with the Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir. Through his own later recollection, he told them, "You will have to do the fighting and they [Pakistan] will provide all assistance."[210]
- Template:Timeline-event His son, Farooq Abdullah, later assumed office as Chief Minister of J&K.
- Template:Timeline-event[211] Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) sought their help in preparing the groundwork for the liberation of Jammu and Kashmir from India. Amanullah Khan established JKLF in Azad Kashmir.[212][213]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
1987–present: Kashmir Insurgency
1987–1989
- Template:Timeline-event[214] The MUF candidate, Mohammad Yousuf Shah, a victim of the rigging and state's mistreatment, took the name Syed Salahuddin and would become chief of the militant outfit Hizb-ul-Mujahideen. His election aides called the HAJY group - Abdul Hamid Shaikh, Ashfaq Majid Wani, Javed Ahmed Mir and Mohammed Yasin Malik - would join the JKLF.[215][216] Amanullah Khan took refuge in Pakistan, after being deported from England, and directed operations across the LOC. Young disaffected Kashmiris in the Valley such as the HAJY group were recruited by JKLF.[217]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[citation needed]
- Template:Timeline-event[218]
- Template:Timeline-event[219][220][221]
- Template:Timeline-event[222]
1990–1999
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[223]
- Template:Timeline-event[223]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[224]
- Template:Timeline-event[225] through the 1990s with an estimated half a million Indian security forces deployed in the Kashmir Valley. Increasing violence and human right violations by all sides led to tens of thousands of civilian casualties.[226][227]
- Template:Timeline-event[228][229][230][231]
- Template:Timeline-event
2001–2009
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[232][233][234][235]
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event
- Template:Timeline-event[236]
2010–2018
- Template:Timeline-event[237]
- Template:Timeline-event[238]
- Template:Timeline-event[239]
- Template:Timeline-event Indian authorities claimed that this was a vote of the Kashmiri people in favour of democracy of India.[240][241][242][243][244]
- Template:Timeline-event[245][246][247]
- Template:Timeline-event[248]
2019-present
- 2019–2021 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown was a security lockdown and communications blackout imposed to prevent unrest, violence and protests following Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir via scrapping of the Article 370 of the Constitution of India, Article 35A of the Constitution of India and the introduction of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.[249][250][251]
- From 1 August 2019, at least 627 people were detained in disputed region Jammu and Kashmir, with many being separatists, overground workers for terrorist groups and stonepelters. As of March 2021, the government sources have stated 173 people are still detained, with no one under house arrest.[252][253][254][255]
- According to a 6 September 2019 report of the Indian government, nearly 4,000 people have been arrested and many were tortured. The report also claimed children were detained, which was later found to be false in December 2019. More than 200 politicians, including two former chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), along with more than 100 leaders and activists from All Parties Hurriyat Conference were detained in the disputed region.[256][257][258][259]
See also
- Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir
- Politics of Jammu and Kashmir
- History of Kashmir
- Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
- Kashmir conflict
- Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
- Sino-Indian War
- Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
- Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
- Kargil War
- 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff
- Siachen conflict
- Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
- India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)
- India–Pakistan military confrontation (2016–present)
- 2016–17 Kashmir unrest
- Timeline of the Kashmir conflict (1846–1946)
- List of topics on the land and the people of "Jammu and Kashmir"
- List of massacres in Jammu and Kashmir
References
- ↑ "Figures II". jammu-kashmir.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "2001 census". kashmirstudygroup.net. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Prem Nath Bazaz, Struggle for Freedom in Kashmir, New Delhi 1954, pp.140-166
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003, p. 18.
- ↑ Mridu Rai, Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects 2004, Ch. 5, Sec. v (Constructing Kashmiriyat).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Guha, Opening a Window in Kashmir 2004, p. 80.
- ↑ Copland, Ian (1981), "Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931–34", Pacific Affairs, 54 (2): 228–259, doi:10.2307/2757363, JSTOR 2757363
- ↑ Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement 2004, p. 103.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Hiro 2015, Chapter 6.
- ↑ Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement 2004, p. 114.
- ↑ Hussain, Sheikh Abdullah – A Biography 2016, p. 248.
- ↑ Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement 2004, pp. 142–143.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 327.
- ↑ Korbel 1966, p. 203.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Jha, Rival Versions of History 1996, p. 14.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Guha, India after Gandhi 2011, p. xv.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Korbel 1966, p. 23.
- ↑ Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003, p. 61.
- ↑ Jalal, Self and Sovereignty 2002, p. 513.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Jha, Rival Versions of History 1996, p. 15.
- ↑ Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009, p. 162.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 41.
- ↑ Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003, p. 46.
- ↑ Jha, Prem Shankar (March 1998), "Response (to the reviews of The Origins of a Dispute: Kashmir 1947)", Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 36 (1): 113–123, doi:10.1080/14662049808447762
- ↑ Mahajan, Looking Back 1963, p. 113.
- ↑ A. G. Noorani, Relevance of U.N. resolutions, Frontline, 5 February 2016.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Ankit, Pandit Ramchandra Kak 2010
- ↑ Copland, I. (2005), State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900-1950, Palgrave Macmillan UK, p. 143, ISBN 978-0-230-00598-3
- ↑ Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003, pp. 43–44.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Kapoor, Politics of Protests in Jammu and Kashmir 2014, p. 307.
- ↑ Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003, pp. 44–45.
- ↑ Zaheer, The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy 2007, pp. 89–90.
- ↑ Dhar, D. N. (2001), Dynamics of political change in Kashmir: from ancient to modern times, Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, p. 81, ISBN 978-81-7391-418-8
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Puri, Balraj (November 2010), "The Question of Accession", Epilogue, 4 (11): 4–6
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 25.
- ↑ Bhattacharjea, Ajit (2008), Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah: Tragic Hero of Kashmir, Roli Books, p. 99
- ↑ Gandhi, Mahatma (1983), Collected Works, Volume 89, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, pp. 6–8
- ↑ Brown 2014, Preface.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Mahajan, Looking Back 1963, p. 123.
- ↑ Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009, pp. 166–167.
- ↑ Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009, pp. 144–149.
- ↑ Jasbir Singh, Roar of the Tiger 2013, p. 4.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 Cheema, The Crimson Chinar 2015, p. 57
- ↑ Ankit, Henry Scott 2010, p. 47.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 103.
- ↑ Bhattacharya, What Price Freedom 2013, pp. 25–27.
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, pp. 90–91.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 43.
- ↑ Hiro 2015, p. 115.
- ↑ Ankit, October 1947 2010, p. 9
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, pp. 105–106.
- ↑ Nawaz, First Kashmir Revisited 2008, p. 120.
- ↑ Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003, p. 43.
- ↑ Narain, Partap (1999), Subedar to Field Marshal, Manas Publications, p. 237, ISBN 978-81-7049-072-2
- ↑ Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003, p. 47.
- ↑ Mahajan, Looking Back 1963, pp. 124–125.
- ↑ Khan, Aamer Ahmed (1994), "Look Back in Anger", The Herald, Volume 25, Pakistan Herald Publications, p. 54: 'Once past Kahuta, the two leaders were apparently whisked away to Liaquat Ali Khan by military personnel. The meeting was a hush-hush affair, attended by Sardar Shaukat Hayat, Mian Iftikharuddin, Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan and General Sher Khan besides some other officers. "We were told about the plan to attack Kashmir. Liaquat Ali Khan said that it would all be over within hours. The Frontier government was to mastermind the attack from Garhi Abdullah while the Punjab government would control the attack from Kahuta to Jammu."'
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 106
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 44.
- ↑ Grover, Verinder (1995), The Story of Kashmir: Political development, terrorism, militancy and human rights, efforts towards peace, with chronology of major political events, Deep & Deep Publications, p. 474, ISBN 9788171006779
- ↑ Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003, p. 50.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 51.
- ↑ Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009, p. 182.
- ↑ Guha, India after Gandhi 2011, p. xvi.
- ↑ Ankit, Henry Scott 2010, p. 44.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, pp. 28–29.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 59
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 233.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 67
- ↑ ul-Hassan, Syed Minhaj (2015), "Qaiyum Khan and the War of Kashmir, 1947-48 AD." (PDF), FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 9 (1): 1–7, archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2017, retrieved 8 March 2017
- ↑ Ganguly, Sumit (September 1995), "Wars without End: The Indo-Pakistani Conflict", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 541, Sage Publications: 167–178, doi:10.1177/0002716295541001012, JSTOR 1048283, S2CID 144787951
- ↑ Ankit, October 1947 2010, p. 9.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 40.
- ↑ Brahma Singh, History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles 1990, p. 226.
- ↑ Palit, Jammu and Kashmir Arms 1972, p. 246.
- ↑ Mahajan, Looking Back 1963, pp. 127–128.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 106.
- ↑ Puri, Across the Line of Control 2013, pp. 25–26.
- ↑ Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History 1998, p. 116, footnote 90..
- ↑ Brahma Singh, History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles 2010, p. 227.
- ↑ Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003, pp. 54–55.
- ↑ Mahajan, Looking Back 1963, p. 144.
- ↑ Lamb, Incomplete Partition 2002, p. 130.
- ↑ Palit, Jammu and Kashmir Arms 1972, p. 197.
- ↑ Kaula, Prithvi Nath; Dhar, Kanahaya Lal (1950), Kashmir Speaks, S. Chand, p. 62
- ↑ Mahajan, Looking Back 1963, pp. 144–147.
- ↑ Ankit, The Cunningham Contribution 2010, p. 34.
- ↑ Jasbir Singh, Roar of the Tiger 2013, pp. 4–5.
- ↑ Pakistan Covert Support Archived 12 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Pathan Tribal Invasion into Kashmir". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 53.
- ↑ Cheema, The Crimson Chinar 2015, p. 58.
- ↑ Hajari, Midnight's Furies 2015, p. 189.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 61.
- ↑ Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom (1977) quoted at Valorous Actions of Kashmir War Archived 30 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Pak Army Museum, retrieved 16 March 2017.
- ↑ Suharwardy, Tragedy in Kashmir 1983, p. 142.
- ↑ 97.0 97.1 Hajari, Midnight's Furies 2015, p. 189, Chapter 8.
- ↑ "Govt. of India, White Paper on Jammu & Kashmir, Delhi 1948, p.77". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "Sheikh Abdullah, Flames of the Chinar, New Delhi 1993, p.97". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 54.
- ↑ Zaheer, The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy 1998, p. 105.
- ↑ Hajari, Midnight's Furies 2015, p. 196.
- ↑ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 55.
- ↑ Brecher, The Struggle for Kashmir 1953, 119, footnote 5.
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, pp. 113–114.
- ↑ 106.0 106.1 Bangash, Yaqoob Khan (2010), "Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar", The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 38 (1): 117–143, doi:10.1080/03086530903538269, S2CID 159652497
- ↑ Noorani, A. G. (2014) [first published in 2013 by Tulika Books], The Kashmir Dispute, 1947-2012, Oxford University Press, pp. 13–14, ISBN 978-0-19-940018-8
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 97.
- ↑ 109.0 109.1 Hajari, Midnight's Furies 2015, Chapter 8.
- ↑ Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War 2003, p. 142.
- ↑ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 56.
- ↑ 112.0 112.1 Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, pp. 53–54.
- ↑ Puri, Across the Line of Control 2013, p. 31.
- ↑ 114.0 114.1 V. K. Singh, Leadership in the Indian Army 2005, p. 160.
- ↑ V. K. Singh, Leadership in the Indian Army 2005, p. 161.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 56.
- ↑ Puri, Across the Line of Control 2013, p. 30.
- ↑ V. K. Singh, Leadership in the Indian Army 2005, pp. 161–162.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 116–117.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 78–80.
- ↑ 121.0 121.1 Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 119.
- ↑ Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003, p. 65.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, p. 55.
- ↑ Hajari, Midnight's Furies 2015, Chapter 9.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 81–82.
- ↑ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, pp. 56–57.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 120.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 121.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 100.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 101.
- ↑ 131.0 131.1 Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 123.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 110.
- ↑ Ankit, Britain and Kashmir 2013, p. 277.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 101–106.
- ↑ 135.0 135.1 Ankit, Britain and Kashmir 2013, p. 276.
- ↑ 136.0 136.1 Cheema, The Crimson Chinar 2015, p. 86.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, pp. 115–116.
- ↑ Schaffer, Limits of Influence 2009, pp. 15–16.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 117.
- ↑ Schaffer, Limits of Influence 2009, p. 17.
- ↑ Schaffer, Limits of Influence 2009, pp. 19, 217–218.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, pp. 119–120.
- ↑ 143.0 143.1 Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 120.
- ↑ 144.0 144.1 Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War 2003, p. 206.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, pp. 120–121.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, pp. 122–126.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, p. 126.
- ↑ Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014, pp. 126–127.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, pp. 131–132.
- ↑ 150.0 150.1 Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War 2003, p. 23.
- ↑ Cheema, The Crimson Chinar 2015, pp. 101–103.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, pp. 135–136.
- ↑ 153.0 153.1 153.2 153.3 153.4 153.5 Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War 2003, p. 24.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, pp. 136–137.
- ↑ Cheema, The Crimson Chinar 2015, p. 103.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 137.
- ↑ "Resolution adopted at the meeting of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan on 5 January, 1949". Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "Resolution adopted by the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan on 13 August 1948". Archived from the original on 2 September 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ 159.0 159.1 "Kashmir, UN Security Council Resolution 91". Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 195.
- ↑ Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013, pp. 90, 342.
- ↑ Pandey, Gyanendra (1993), Hindus and Others: The question of identity in India today, Viking, p. 205, ISBN 9780670854851
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 185.
- ↑ 164.0 164.1 164.2 A. G. Noorani, The Dixon Plan, Frontline, 12 October 2002.
- ↑ 165.0 165.1 Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, pp. 191–217.
- ↑ Jalal, The Struggle for Pakistan 2014, p. 84.
- ↑ Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, pp. 55–57.
- ↑ Baxter, The Jana Sangh 2015, p. 87.
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 186.
- ↑ 170.0 170.1 Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 196.
- ↑ 171.0 171.1 Kumar & Puri, Jammu and Kashmir: Negotiating Peace 2009, p. 258.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Sheikh Abdullah's positions on Kashmir". Archived from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 197.
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, pp. 197–200.
- ↑ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 200.
- ↑ 177.0 177.1 Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, pp. 197–203.
- ↑ 178.0 178.1 Baxter, The Jana Sangh 2015, pp. 86–87.
- ↑ Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, p. 64.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 223.
- ↑ 181.0 181.1 Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 224.
- ↑ Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, p. 65.
- ↑ 183.0 183.1 "Plebiscite Conundrum". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 225.
- ↑ Shankar, Nehru's Legacy in Kashmir 2016, p. 7.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 226.
- ↑ 187.0 187.1 Shankar, Nehru's Legacy in Kashmir 2016, p. 11.
- ↑ The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan By Dilip Hiro. Nation Books. 24 February 2015. p. 151. ISBN 9781568585031.
Led by him (Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad), 64 of 74-strong Constituent Assembly members ratified the state's accession to India on 15 February 1954. "We are today taking the decision of final and irrevocable accession to India and no power on earth could change it", declared Bakshi Muhammad.
- ↑ "Kashmir's accession". The Hindu. 17 February 2004. Archived from the original on 10 March 2019.
The report of the Drafting Committee "ratifying the accession" of the Jammu and Kashmir State to India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly in Jammu on 15 February before it was adjourned sine die. Earlier, Premier Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed, speaking on the report, declared amidst cheers: "We are today taking the decision of final and irrevocable accession to India and no power on earth could change it."
- ↑ Snedden, Christopher (2013). Kashmir: The Unwritten History. India: Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 978-9350298978.
- ↑ Sheikh Abdullah; M.Y.Taing (1985), p711-717
- ↑ "Kashmir, UN Security Council Resolution 122". Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Puri, Kashmir Towards Insurgency 1993.
- ↑ Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, p. 75.
- ↑ "Negotiations on Kashmir: A concealed story". Foreign Policy Journal. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017.
- ↑ Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, p. 77.
- ↑ Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, p. 76.
- ↑ Abdullah, Sheikh; Taing, M. Y. (1985), Atish-e-Chinar (in Urdu). Often referred to as Sheikh Abdullah's autobiography. Srinagar: Shaukat Publications. It has not been copyrighted in deference to Sheikh Abdullah's wishes. pp. 774–825.
- ↑ Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, pp. 81–82.
- ↑ A. G. Noorani, Article 370: Law and Politics Archived 20 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Frontline, 16 September 2000.
- ↑ Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, p. 82.
- ↑ Puri, Kashmir Towards Insurgency 1993, pp. 31–32.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDawnGilgitBaltistan - ↑ "GB's aspirations". Dawn.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ Abdullah, Sheikh; Taing, M. Y. (1985), Atish-e-Chinar (in Urdu). Often referred to as Sheikh Abdullah's autobiography. Srinagar: Shaukat Publications. It has not been copyrighted in deference to Sheikh Abdullah's wishes. pp. 827–838.
- ↑ 206.0 206.1 Noorani, A. G. (16 September 2000), "Article370: Law and Politics", Frontline, vol. 17, no. 19, archived from the original on 20 June 2014, retrieved 14 April 2016
- ↑ "Recalling 1975 Accord". Greater Kashmir. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017.
- ↑ Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad 2007, pp. 129–130.
- ↑ [1] Archived 17 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, pp. 109–112.
- ↑ Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad 2007, pp. 132–133.
- ↑ Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad 2007, p. 163.
- ↑ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir 2007, p. 148.
- ↑ "Kashmir - Elections". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Puri, Kashmir Towards Insurgency 1993, p. 52.
- ↑ "Contours of militancy". hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "1989 Insurgency". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Levy & Scott-Clark, Deception (2010), Chapter 13: "Undaunted, Musharraf had in 1988 been called on by General Beg to put down a Shia riot in Gilgit, in the north of Pakistan. Rather than get the Pakistan army bloodied, he inducted a tribal band of Pashtun and Sunni irregulars, many from the SSP which had recently put out a contract on Bhutto, led by the mercenary Osama bin Laden (who had been hired by Hamid Gul to do the same four years earlier)."
- ↑ "Human Rights Watch Report, 1994". Archived from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ↑ "BBC News - SOUTH ASIA - Pakistan admission over Kashmir". Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "Operation Topac". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Waldman, Amy (25 March 2003). "Kashmir Massacre May Signal the Coming of Widespread Violence". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ↑ 223.0 223.1 Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003, p. 150.
- ↑ Puri, Kashmir Towards Insurgency 1993, pp. 64–67.
- ↑ "Who are the Militants?". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "Human Rights in Kashmir". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "Casualty in Kashmir". kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Defense, Ministry of. "Operation Sadbhavana". Public Information Bureau. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ↑ P., Cariappa, Mudera; V., Bonventre, Eugene; K., Mohanti, Bikash (1 August 2008). "Operation Sadbhavana: Winning Hearts and Minds in the Ladakh Himalayan Region". Military Medicine. 173 (8): 749–753. doi:10.7205/MILMED.173.8.749. ISSN 0026-4075. PMID 18751591. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "How successful has Sadbhavana been in Kashmir". The Tribune. 7 May 2016. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018.
- ↑ Qanungo, Nawaz Gul (18 February 2014). "The violence of compassion". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ↑ Kumar, Devesh (24 May 2003). "Operation Sarp Vinash: Army clears Hill Kaka". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ↑ "Fernandes reveals 'Sarp Vinash' toll". The Hindu. 31 July 2003. Archived from the original on 5 November 2005. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ↑ "Operation 'Sarp Vinash': Over 60 terrorists killed". www.rediff.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ↑ "Reassessing Operation Sarp Vinash". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ↑ "Kashmiris march for independence". France 24. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
- ↑ POLGREEN, LYDIA (11 July 2010). "A Youth's Death in Kashmir Renews a Familiar Pattern of Crisis". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- ↑ PTI (15 August 2012). "Situation in Jammu and Kashmir not conducive to revoking AFSPA: Omar Abdullah". Jammu and Kashmir. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- ↑ "BBC News - Kashmir profile - Timeline". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "Syed Ali Shah Geelani's J&K election boycott call resonates in his hometown Sopore". IBNLive. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- ↑ "Jammu and Kashmir Registers Highest Voter Turnout in 25 Years, Jharkhand Breaks Records". NDTV.com. 20 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- ↑ "Jammu and Kashmir registers highest voter turnout in 25 years, Jharkhand breaks records". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- ↑ "J&K polls: 76 per cent voter turnout recorded in the final phase". IBNLive. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "People of Jammu and Kashmir have rejected bullet for ballot: PM Narendra Modi". timesofindia-economictimes. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- ↑ "2016 Unrest: Not even one probe into killings completed". Greater Kashmir. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Viewpoint: Living in the shadow of curfew in Kashmir". 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
- ↑ "Kashmir in 2017: Operation All-Out was a success, but will force alone win hearts in the Valley?". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
- ↑ "US Senator Barred From Kashmir as Lockdown Enters 3rd Month". Voice of America. 5 October 2019.
- ↑ "9-year-olds among 144 minors detained in Kashmir since Article 370 abrogation".
- ↑ "At Least 2,300 People Have Been Detained During the Lockdown in Kashmir". Time. 21 August 2019. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019.
- ↑ "Kashmir city on lockdown after calls for protest march". The Guardian. 23 August 2019.
- ↑ "Inside Kashmir's lockdown: 'Even I will pick up a gun'". BBC. 10 August 2019.
- ↑ "Restrictions eased as Kashmir enters Day 22 of lockdown". The Economic Times. 26 August 2019.
- ↑ "627 persons detained in Jammu-Kashmir since August 2019: Govt in Lok Sabha". Business Standard. 10 March 2021.
- ↑ "Thousands detained in Indian Kashmir crackdown, official data reveals". Reuters. 12 September 2019.
- ↑ "Young boys tortured in Kashmir clampdown as new figures show".
- ↑ "627 persons detained in Jammu-Kashmir since August 2019: Govt in Lok Sabha". Business Standard. 10 March 2021.
- ↑ "Supreme Court says no minors were held in Jammu and Kashmir". The Hindu. 13 December 2019.
- Sources
- Rakesh Ankit (March 2010). "By George: The Cunningham Contribution". Epilogue. 4 (3): 46–50.
- Ankit, Rakesh (April 2010), "Pandit Ramchandra Kak: The Forgotten Premier of Kashmir", Epilogue, 4 (4): 36–39
- Ankit, Rakesh (May 2010). "Henry Scott: The forgotten soldier of Kashmir". Epilogue. 4 (5): 44–49.
- Ankit, Rakesh (November 2010). "October 1947". Epilogue. 4 (11): 9–12.
- Ankit, Rakesh (2013), "Britain and Kashmir, 1948: 'The Arena of the UN'", Diplomacy & Statecraft, 24 (2): 273–290, doi:10.1080/09592296.2013.789771, S2CID 154021048
- Bajwa, Kuldip Singh (2003), Jammu and Kashmir War, 1947-1948: Political and Military Perspective, Har-Anand Publications, ISBN 978-81-241-0923-6
- Baxter, Craig (2015), "The Jana Sangh", in Donald Eugene Smith (ed.), South Asian Politics and Religion, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-1-4008-7908-3
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Bhattacharya, Brigadier Samir (2013), NOTHING BUT!: Book Three: What Price Freedom, Partridge Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4828-1625-9
- Bose, Sumantra (2003), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-01173-1
- Brown, William (2014), Gilgit Rebellion: The Major Who Mutinied Over Partition of India, Pen and Sword, ISBN 978-1-4738-4112-3
- Chattha, Ilyas (2011), Partition and Locality: Violence, Migration and Development in Gujranwala and Sialkot 1947-1961, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199061723
- Chattha, Ilyas Ahmad (September 2009), Partition and Its Aftermath: Violence, Migration and the Role of Refugees in the Socio-Economic Development of Gujranwala and Sialkot Cities, 1947-1961 (PDF), University of Southampton, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2016, retrieved 16 February 2016
- Cheema, Brig Amar (2015), The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective, Lancer Publishers, ISBN 978-81-7062-301-4
- Chowdhary, Rekha (2015), Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of Identity and Separatism, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-317-41405-6
- Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012), Jammu and Kashmir, Springer, ISBN 978-94-011-9231-6
- Dasgupta, C. (2014) [first published 2002], War and Diplomacy in Kashmir, 1947-48, SAGE Publications, ISBN 978-81-321-1795-7
- Guha, Ramachandra (28 August 2004), "Opening a Window in Kashmir", Economic and Political Weekly, 39 (35): 3905–3913, JSTOR 4415473
- Guha, Ramachandra (2011), India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy, Pan Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-330-54020-9
- Hajari, Nisid (2015), Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, ISBN 978-0-547-66924-3
- Hiro, Dilip (2015), The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan, Nation Books, ISBN 978-1-56858-503-1
- Hussain, Syed Taffazull (2016), Sheikh Abdullah – A Biography: The Crucial Period 1905-1939. 2016 Edition, Syed Taffazull Hussain, ISBN 978-1-60481-603-7
- Jalal, Ayesha (2002), Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-59937-0
- Jalal, Ayesha (2014), The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-74499-8
- Jamal, Arif (2009), Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir, Melville House, ISBN 978-1-933633-59-6
- Jha, Prem Shankar (2003), The Origins of a Dispute: Kashmir 1947, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-566486-7
- Jha, Prem Shankar (1996), Kashmir, 1947: Rival Versions of History, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-563766-3
- Kapoor, Sindhu (2014), Politics of Protests in Jammu and Kashmir from 1925 to 1951, University of Jammu/Shodhganga
- Korbel, Josef (1966) [first published 1954], Danger in Kashmir, Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400875238
- Kumar, Radha; Puri, Ellora (2009), "Jammu and Kashmir", in Radha Kumar (ed.), Negotiating Peace in Deeply Divided Societies: A Set of Simulations, SAGE Publications, ISBN 978-81-321-0218-2
- Lamb, Alastair (2002), Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195797671
- Mahajan, Mehr Chand (1963), Looking Back: The Autobiography of Mehr Chand Mahajan, Former Chief Justice of India, Asia Publishing House
- Schaffer, Howard B. (2009), The Limits of Influence: America's Role in Kashmir, Brookings Institution Press, ISBN 978-0-8157-0370-9
- Shankar, Mahesh (2016), "Nehru's legacy in Kashmir: Why a plebiscite never happened", India Review, 15 (1): 1–21, doi:10.1080/14736489.2016.1129926, S2CID 155701436
- Nawaz, Shuja (May 2008), "The First Kashmir War Revisited", India Review, 7 (2): 115–154, doi:10.1080/14736480802055455, S2CID 155030407
- Singh, V. K. (2005), Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers, SAGE Publications, pp. 160–, ISBN 978-0-7619-3322-9
- Palit, D. K. (1972), Jammu and Kashmir Arms: History of the J & K Rifles, Palit & Dutt
- Parashar, Parmanand (2004), Kashmir and the Freedom Movement, Sarup & Sons, ISBN 978-81-7625-514-1
- Puri, Balraj (1993), Kashmir Towards Insurgency, Delhi: kashmirlibrary.org
- Puri, Luv (2013), Across the Line of Control: Inside Azad Kashmir, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-80084-6
- Raghavan, Srinath (2010), War and Peace in Modern India, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-137-00737-7
- Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co, ISBN 978-1850656616
- Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf (1977), Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 1, Ferozsons
- Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 978-1860648984
- Sherwani, Latif Ahmed (1986), The Partition of India and Mountbatten, Council for Pakistan Studies, GGKEY:0KUG6RJYNX6
- Singh, K. Brahma (1990), History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The State Force Background, Lancer International, ISBN 978-81-7062-091-4
- Singh, K. Brahma (2010) [first published Lancer International 1990], History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The State Force Background (PDF), brahmasingh.co.nf, ISBN 978-81-7062-091-4
- Singh, Sm Jasbir (2013), Roar of the Tiger - Illustrated History of Operations in Kashmir by 4th Battalion The Kumaon Regt in 1965 War, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-93-82652-03-8
- Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir, 2012], Kashmir: The Unwritten History, HarperCollins India, ISBN 978-9350298985
- Suharwardy, Abdul Haq (1983), Tragedy in Kashmir, Wajidalis
- Swami, Praveen (2007), India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The covert war in Kashmir, 1947-2004, Asian Security Studies, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-40459-4
- Talbot, Ian (1998), Pakistan: A Modern History, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 978-0-312-21606-1
- Zaidi, Z. H. (2001), Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: Pakistan : pangs of birth, 15 August-30 September 1947, Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, National Archives of Pakistan, ISBN 978-969-8156-09-1
- Zaheer, Hasan (1998), The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy, 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-577892-2
- Zaheer, Hasan (2007) [first published by Oxford University Press Pakistan in 1998], The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy, 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan, Sang-e-Meel Publishers, ISBN 978-969-35-1992-1
External links
- Conflict in Kashmir: Selected Internet Resources by the Library, University of California, Berkeley, USA; University of California at Berkeley Library Bibliographies and Web-Bibliographies list
- Kashmir Historical Timeline
- A peep into Kashmir History and timeline