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2021 Census of India

Revision as of 22:41, 2 July 2021 by 2402:e280:3e1d:70d:7488:7364:c8a7:2cb8 (talk)



The 2021 Census of India, also the 16th Indian Census, will be taken in 2021. The 15th Indian Census taken in 2011, attempted to estimate the population based on Socio-Economic and Caste Status for the first time since 1931. However, as the enumeration was based on recording the respondents' declaration, it led to creation of hundreds of thousands of caste/subcaste categories. For the 16th Indian census, the government is instead considering enumeration based on a list of educationally or socially disadvantaged castes (known as Other Backward Class) reported by each state.[1] However, in February 2020, the BJP government rejected the demand for OBC data as part of the 2021 census.[2][3]

16th Census of India
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File:2021 Census of India logo.png
Our Census, Our Future
General information
CountryIndia

In April 2019, a data user conference was held and it was announced that 330,000 enumerators would be enlisted and that they would be encouraged to use their own smart phones, although a paper option will also be available, which the enumerators will then need to submit electronically. It was further announced that house listing will be conducted between April and September 2020, with actual enumeration in February 2021 and a revision round in March. The reference date will be 1 March 2021 in most of the country and 1 October 2020 for Jammu and Kashmir and some areas of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.[4]

In September 2019, Union Home Minister Amit Shah had stated that the 2021 national census would be done fully digitally through a mobile phone application.[5] 2021 census will be carried out in 16 languages. In February 2021, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman allocated ₹ 3,768 crore for the census in the 2021 Union budget of India.[6] It has been delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India[7] with preliminary results expected in 2023–24.[8]

Caste Enumeration in Census

In September 2018, the then Home Minister, Rajnath Singh, announced that the 2021 census would have Other Backward Class (OBC) data.[9] Several state legislative assemblies passed resolutions for collecting OBC data including the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly[10] Odisha Legislative Assembly[11] and Bihar Legislative Assembly,[12] while the government of Uttar Pradesh, rejected the opposition's demand to pass such a resolution.[13] On 29 February 2020, central government refused to conduct caste census despite demands from states.[14] Despite Centre's rejection, Maharashtra legislators were adamant for caste based census at least in the state.[15] Protest march in support of OBC census was carried out in Jammu and Kashmir.[16] Minister of State Social Justice and Empowerment, Ramdas Athawale also demanded carrying of census counting every single caste in India.[17]

Information

House-listings

The House-listing schedule contained 31 questions.[18]

Building number
Census house number
Predominant material of floor, wall and roof of the census house
Ascertain use of actual house
Condition of the census house
Household number
Total number of persons normally residing in the household
Name of the head of the household
Sex of the head
Caste status of Head (SC or ST or others) 		Ownership status of the house
Number of dwelling rooms
Number of married couple the household
Main source of drinking water
Availability of drinking water source
Main source of lighting
Access to latrine
Type of latrine
Wastewater outlet
Availability of Bathing facility 		Availability of kitchen and LPG/PNG connection
Main fuel used for cooking
Radio/Transistor
Television
Access to Internet
Computer/Laptop
Telephone/Mobile/Smart phone
Bicycle/Scooter/Motor cycle/Moped
Car/Jeep/Van
Main cereal consumed in the household
Mobile number.

Population enumeration

The Population enumeration.

NPR

National Population Register will be linked to this census with preparations beginning from April 2020.[19][20] NPR will be conducted along with the first phase of Census between April to September 2020.[21][22] On December 24, 2019, the Central Government approved ₹ 3,941 crore for updating the NPR across India.[23]

Religious demographics

The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015.[24][25][26] Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million) while Sikhs are 20.8 million comprising 1.72% of the population,[27] Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India.[25][28][29] and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India.[30][31] For the first time, a "No religion" category was added in the 2011 census.[32] 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to "No Religion" in India in the 2011 census[33][34] 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion.[35][36] Given below is the decade-by-decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census.[37][38][39] There are six religions in India that have been awarded "National Minority" status – Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis.[40][41] Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India.[42][43][44] As per 2011 census, six major faiths- Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India's 1.21 billion population, while "other religions, persuasions" (ORP) count is 8.2 million. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths- 4.957 million-strong Sarnaism, 1.026 million-strong Gond, 506,000-strong Sari, Donyi-Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate.[45] Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala.[46]

Population trends for major religious groups in India (1951–2021)


Religious
group 		Population
% 1951 		Population
% 1961 		Population
% 1971 		Population
% 1981 		Population
% 1991 		Population
% 2001 		Population
% 2011 		Population
% 2021
Hinduism 84.1% 83.45% 82.73% 82.30% 81.53% 80.46% 79.80% TBD
Islam 9.8% 10.69% 11.21% 11.75% 12.61% 13.43% 14.23% TBD
Christianity 2.3% 2.44% 2.60% 2.44% 2.32% 2.34% 2.30% TBD
Sikhism 1.79% 1.79% 1.89% 1.92% 1.94% 1.87% 1.72% TBD
Buddhism 0.74% 0.74% 0.70% 0.70% 0.77% 0.77% 0.70% TBD
Jainism 0.46% 0.46% 0.48% 0.47% 0.40% 0.41% 0.37% TBD
Zoroastrianism 0.13% 0.09% 0.09% 0.09% 0.08% 0.06% n/a TBD
Other religions / No religion 0.8% 0.8% 0.41% 0.42% 0.44% 0.8% 0.9% TBD

Language demographics

Main article: Languages of India

Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India.[47] The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of "Hindi" as a broad variety of "Hindi languages".[48] According to 2011 Census, 57.1% of Indian population know Hindi,[49] in which 43.63% of Indian people have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue.[50][51] The language data was released on 26 June 2018.[52] Bhili/Bhilodi was the most spoken unscheduled language with 10.4 million speakers, followed by Gondi with 2.9 million speakers. 96.71% of India's population speaks one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue in the 2011 census.

The 2011 census report on bilingualism and trilingualism, which provides data on the two languages in order of preference in which a person is proficient other than the mother tongue, was released in September 2018.[53][54][55] The number of bilingual speakers in India is 314.9 million, which is 26% of the population in 2011.[56] 7% of Indian population is trilingual.[57] Hindi, Bengali speakers are India's least multilingual groups.[58]

Numbers regarding languages spoken available in the 2011 Indian Census data may not reflect actual data in India due to how the data was collected, with participants being allowed to give any response they wished for what languages they spoke.

First, Second, and Third languages by number of speakers in India (2011 Census)
Language First language
speakers[59]		 First language
speakers as a percentage of total population 		Second language
speakers 		Third language
speakers 		Total speakers [49][60] Total speakers as a percentage of total population
Hindi 528,347,193 43.63 139,000,000 24,000,000 692,000,000 57.1
English 259,678 0.02 83,000,000 46,000,000 129,000,000 10.6
Bengali 97,237,669 8.3 9,000,000 1,000,000 107,000,000 8.9
Marathi 83,026,680 7.09 13,000,000 3,000,000 99,000,000 8.2
Telugu 81,127,740 6.93 12,000,000 1,000,000 95,000,000 7.8
Tamil 69,026,881 5.89 7,000,000 1,000,000 77,000,000 6.3
Gujarati 55,492,554 4.74 4,000,000 1,000,000 60,000,000 5
Urdu 50,772,631 4.34 11,000,000 1,000,000 63,000,000 5.2
Kannada 43,706,512 3.73 14,000,000 1,000,000 59,000,000 4.94
Odia 37,521,324 3.2 5,000,000 390,000 43,000,000 3.56
Malayalam 34,838,819 2.97 500,000 210,000 36,000,000 2.9
Punjabi 33,124,726 2.83 2,230,000 720,000 36,600,000 3
Sanskrit 24,821 <0.01 1,230,000 1,960,000 3,190,000 0.19

Literacy

Any one above age 7 who can read and write in any language with an ability to understand was considered a literate. In censuses before 1991, children below the age 5 were treated as illiterates. The literacy rate taking the entire population into account is termed as "crude literacy rate", and taking the population from age 7 and above into account is termed as "effective literacy rate". As per the 2011 Census of India,the "Effective literacy rate" increased to a total of 74.04% with 82.14% of the males and 65.46% of the females being literate.[61]

S.No. Census year Total (%) Male (%) Female (%)
1 1901 5.35 9.83 0.60
2 1911 5.92 10.56 1.05
3 1921 7.16 12.21 1.81
4 1931 9.50 15.59 2.93
5 1941 16.10 24.90 7.30
6 1951 16.67 24.95 9.45
7 1961 24.02 34.44 12.95
8 1971 29.45 39.45 18.69
9 1981 36.23 46.89 24.82
10 1991 42.84 52.74 32.17
11 2001 64.83 75.26 53.67
12 2011 74.04 82.14 65.46
13 2021 TBD TBD TBD

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Move afoot to collect OBC data afresh in Census 2021". The Times of India. 9 January 2019.
  2. ↑ "Real reason no govt wants OBC count in Census – it will reveal inconvenient truths".
  3. ↑ "Centre rejected demand for OBC data in Census 2021, Speaker informs Maharashtra Assembly".
  4. ↑ "Census 2021 will be done via mobile app, says officials". The New Indian Express. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  5. ↑ "Digital Census In 2021; Amit Shah Proposes Idea Of Multipurpose ID Card".
  6. ↑ "Budget 2021: Census to go digital for the first time with Rs 3,768 crore allocation".
  7. ↑ "Government likely to postpone census to 2022".
  8. ↑ "Interim census data likely to be available in 2023–24".
  9. ↑ Tripathi, Rahul (31 July 2019). "Despite promise, no OBC category yet in census 2021". The Economic Times. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  10. ↑ ,"Maharashtra Assembly passes resolution seeking caste-based Census". India Today. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  11. ↑ World, Republic. "Odisha Assembly passes Amendment Bill identifying socially backward classes". Republic World. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  12. ↑ "Bihar assembly passes resolution for caste-based Census in 2021". Deccan Herald. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  13. ↑ Pioneer, The. "UP govt rejects demand for caste-based census". The Pioneer. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  14. ↑ Ghildiyal, Subodh. "Govt rebuffs plea on Census caste data". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  15. ↑ "Despite Centre's rejection, Maharashtra legislators unite to press for separate census for OBCs". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  16. ↑ "Protest rally taken out for implementation of central reservation policy". Daily Excelsior. 4 March 2020.
  17. ↑ Botekar, Abhilash. "Athawale calls for caste-based census". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  18. ↑ Desk, India com News (16 January 2020). "Census 2021: 31 Questions You Will be Asked in First Phase". India News, Breaking News | India.com. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  19. ↑ Awasthi, Prashasti. "Preparations for census 2021, NPR update to begin from April 1: Ministry". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  20. ↑ "No training being imparted for NPR exercise: Punjab government". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 7 March 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 March 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  21. ↑ Singh, Vijaita (2 March 2020). "34 queries in Census 2020 form". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  22. ↑ Sudhi, K. s (26 February 2020). "Census authorities for updating NPR in State". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  23. ↑ "Cabinet approves Rs 3,941 crore for NPR, Rs 8,754 crore for Census 2021".
  24. ↑ Abantika Ghosh, Vijaita Singh (24 January 2015). "Census 2011: Muslims record decadal growth of 24.6 pc, Hindus 16.8 pc". The Indian Express. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 S, Rukmini; Singh, Vijaita (25 August 2015). "Muslim population growth slows". The Hindu.
  26. ↑ "India Census 2011". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  27. ↑ "India's religions by numbers". The Hindu. 26 August 2015.
  28. ↑ "Muslim representation on decline". The Times of India. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  29. ↑ "Muslim share of population up 0.8%, Hindus' down 0.7% between 2001 and 2011". The Times of India. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  30. ↑ "Where we belong: The fight of Parsi women in interfaith marriages". 24 October 2017.
  31. ↑ "Parsi population dips by 22 per cent between 2001–2011: study". The Hindu. 26 July 2016.
  32. ↑ "Why a Tinder date is better than 72 virgins in paradise". dailyo.in.
  33. ↑ "Against All Gods: Meet the league of atheists from rural Uttar Pradesh". 6 September 2015.
  34. ↑ Daniyal, Shoaib. "People without religion have risen in Census 2011, but atheists have nothing to cheer about". Scroll.in.
  35. ↑ "2.87 million Indians have no faith, census reveals for first time | India News". The Times of India.
  36. ↑ Team, DNA Web (27 August 2015). "1.88 lakh people in Tamil Nadu state 'no religion' in 2011 census". DNA India.
  37. ↑ "Muslim politics:At a crossroads". livemint.com. Livemint. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  38. ↑ Aariz Mohammed (1–15 May 2013). "Demographic Dividend and Indian Muslims – i". Milli Gazette. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  39. ↑ Aariz Mohammed (1–15 May 2013). "Demographic Dividend and Indian Muslims – i". Milli Gazette. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  40. ↑ "National minority status for Jains".
  41. ↑ Correspondent, dna (21 January 2014). "Jains become sixth minority community". DNA India.
  42. ↑ "Ahmadiyyas find place as Islam sect in census". 4 August 2016.
  43. ↑ "Protest against inclusion of Ahmediyyas in Muslim census | Hyderabad News". The Times of India.
  44. ↑ "Minority in a minority". 5 August 2016.
  45. ↑ "Fewer minor faiths in India now, finds Census; number of their adherents up". 1 August 2016.
  46. ↑ Kanungo, Soumonty (10 August 2016). "God versus Atheism, Bengal vouches for believers". Mint.
  47. ↑ Sen, Sumant (4 June 2019). "Hindi the first choice of people in only 12 States". The Hindu.
  48. ↑ "Abstract speakers languages India 2011" (PDF).
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "How languages intersect in India". Hindustan Times.
  50. ↑ "What India speaks: South Indian languages are growing, but not as fast as Hindi". The News Minute. 28 June 2018.
  51. ↑ Daniyal, Shoaib. "Surging Hindi, shrinking South Indian languages: Nine charts that explain the 2011 language census". Scroll.in.
  52. ↑ "Hindi mother tongue of 44% in India, Bangla second most spoken | India News". The Times of India.
  53. ↑ "C-17 POPULATION BY BILINGUALISM AND TRILINGUALISM".
  54. ↑ "After mother tongue, city more proficient in English".
  55. ↑ "C-18 POPULATION BY BILINGUALISM, TRILINGUALISM, AGE AND SEX" (PDF).
  56. ↑ "Hindi migrants speaking Marathi rise to 60 lakh | Mumbai News". The Times of India.
  57. ↑ "52% of India's urban youth are now bilingual, 18% speak three languages | India News". The Times of India.
  58. ↑ "Hindi, Bengali speakers India's least multilingual groups | India News". The Times of India.
  59. ↑ ORGI. "Census of India: Comparative speaker's strength of Scheduled Languages-1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 ,2001 and 2011" (PDF).
  60. ↑ "How many Indians can you talk to?". hindustantimes.com.
  61. ↑ "Census Provional Population Totals". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
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