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{{Short description|Hindu festival honouring the Guru}}
{{more citations needed|date= April 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date= April 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2015}}  
{{EngvarB|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox holiday
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name  = Guru Purnima  
| holiday_name  = Guru Purnima
|image        = Shukracharya and Kacha.jpg
| image        =  
|caption      = A Guru blessing a student
| caption      =  
|type          =  
| type          = international, religious, cultural
|official_name = Guru Poornima (Guru Worship on a Summer Full Moon day)
| official_name = Guru Purnima
|observedby    = [[Jain]], [[Hindu]] devotees & [[Buddhist]] disciples in India
| observedby    = [[Hindu]],[[Sikhs]] devotees & [[Buddhist]] disciples in [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Europe]], [[Tibet]], [[Bhutan]], [[Kenya]], [[India]], [[Nepal]] and other parts of the world.
|begins        =  
| begins        =  
|ends          =  
| ends          =  
|date          = ''[[Ashadha]]'' ''Purnima'' ([[Shukla paksha]], Bright lunar fortnight [[Full Moon]]) (June–July)
| date          = {{Hindu festival date}}
|date2019 = July 16, Tuesday
| date2019     = July 16, Tuesday
|date2020 = 5 July (Sun)<ref>https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/india/guru-purnima</ref>
| date2020     =  
|date2021 = 24 July (Sat)<ref>https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/india/guru-purnima</ref>
| date2021     =  
|celebrations  = Worship of Guru and temple visit<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guru Purnima 2020: Know Why We Celebrate Guru Purnima|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/guru-purnima-2020-know-why-we-celebrate-guru-purnima-2254219|access-date=2020-07-03|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
| celebrations  = Worship of Guru and temple visit<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guru Purnima 2020: Know Why We Celebrate Guru Purnima|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/guru-purnima-2020-know-why-we-celebrate-guru-purnima-2254219|access-date=2020-07-03|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|significance  = To express gratitude towards spiritual teachers<ref>{{Cite news|title=Guru Purnima 2020 India:Date,Story,Quotes,Importance,Special Messages|work=SA News|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/guru-purnima-2020/|access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref>
| significance  = To express gratitude towards spiritual teachers<ref>{{Cite news|title=Guru Purnima India: Date, Story, Quotes, Importance, Special Messages | work=SA News|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/guru-purnima-date-story-significance-quotes |access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>
|observances  = ''Guru Pooja''  
| observances  = ''Guru Puja''
|frequency=annual
| frequency     = annual
| date2023      = 3 July (Monday)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/india/guru-purnima|title = Guru Purnima in India}}</ref>
| date2024      = 21 July (Sunday)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/guru-purnima/guru-purnima-date-time.html?year=2024|title = 2024 Guru Purnima}}</ref>
| date2025      = 10 July (Thursday)
}}
}}
'''Guru Purnima (Poornima)''' is a tradition dedicated to all the  spiritual and academic Gurus, who are evolved or enlightened humans, ready to share their wisdom with very little or no monetary expectation, based on [[Karma Yoga]]. It is celebrated as a festival in India, Nepal and Bhutan by the Hindus, Jains and Buddhists. This festival is traditionally observed by [[Hindus]], [[Buddhists]] and [[Jainism|Jains]] to revere their chosen spiritual teachers / leaders and express their gratitude. The festival is celebrated on the [[full moon]] day (''[[Full moon|Purnima]]'') in the Hindu month of ''[[Ashadha]]'' (June–July) as it is known in the [[Hindu calendar]]. <ref>गुरू पूर्णिमा - Guru Purnima: https://www.bhaktibharat.com/festival/guru-purnima</ref><ref name="Sanatan" >Article [http://www.sanatan.org/en/a/28_Guru poornima.html "Guru Poornima (Vyas Puja)"] As on 22 July 2013 on www.Sanatan.org</ref> The festival was revived by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] to pay tribute to his spiritual guru [[Shrimad Rajchandra]].<ref name="Weber2004">{{cite book|author=Thomas Weber|title=Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor|url=https://archive.org/details/gandhiasdisciple0000webe|url-access=registration|date=2 December 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45657-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gandhiasdisciple0000webe/page/34 34]–36}}</ref> It is also known as Vyasa Purnima marks the birthday of [[Vyasa|Ved Vyasa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/guru-purnima-2019-know-the-date-time-and-significance-of-vyasa-purnima-2229087.html|title=Guru Purnima 2019: Date, Time and Significance of Vyasa Purnima|website=News18|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref>
{{Hindu festival date info}}
'''Guru Purnima''' ({{Langx|sa|गुरुपूर्णिमा|translit=Gurupūrṇimā}}) is a religious festival dedicated to offering respect to spiritual and academic [[guru]]s.<ref name=":2" /> It is celebrated as a festival in [[India]], [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]] by [[Hindus]], [[Sikhism|Sikhs]] and [[Buddhism|Buddhists]]. It is observed on the [[full moon]] day (''[[Purnima]]'') in the month of ''[[Ashadha]]'' (June–July) according to the [[Hindu calendar]].<ref>गुरू पूर्णिमा - Guru Purnima: https://www.bhaktibharat.com/festival/guru-purnima</ref><ref name="Sanatan">Article [http://www.sanatan.org/en/a/28_Guru poornima.html "Guru Poornima (Vyas Puja)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124024622/https://www.sanatan.org/en/a/28_gurupurnima.html |date=24 January 2020 }} As on 22 July 2013 on www.Sanatan.org</ref><ref name="Weber2004">{{cite book|author=Thomas Weber|title=Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor|url=https://archive.org/details/gandhiasdisciple0000webe|url-access=registration|date=2 December 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45657-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gandhiasdisciple0000webe/page/34 34]–36}}</ref> It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, because it marks the birthday of [[Vyasa|Veda Vyasa]], the author of the [[Mahabharata]] and compiler of the [[Vedas]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/guru-purnima-2019-know-the-date-time-and-significance-of-vyasa-purnima-2229087.html|title=Guru Purnima 2019: Date, Time and Significance of Vyasa Purnima|website=News18|date=16 July 2019|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref>
 
== Etymology ==
The word guru is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] root words ''gu'' and ''ru''. G''u'' means "darkness" or "ignorance", and ''ru'' means "dispeller."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mlecko |first=Joel D. |date=1982 |title=The Guru in Hindu Tradition |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3269931 |journal=Numen |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=33–61 |doi=10.2307/3269931 |issn=0029-5973 |jstor=3269931|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grimes |first=John A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qcoUFYOX0bEC&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English |date=1996-01-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-3067-5 |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> Therefore, a guru is the dispeller of darkness or ignorance.<ref name=":1" />


==Observances==
==Observances==
The celebration of Guru Poornima is marked by spiritual activities and may include a ritualistic event in honor of the [[Guru]]; that is, the teachers which is called ''Guru Pooja''. The Guru Principle is said to be a thousand times more active on the day of Guru Purnima than on any other day.<ref name="Guru principle" >Article [http://www.sanatan.org/en/a/34_Guru-principle.html "The Guru Principle"] As on 22 July 2013 on www.Sanatan.org</ref>
The word Guru is derived from two words, ''gu'' and ''ru''. The Sanskrit root ''gu'' means darkness or ignorance, and ''ru'' denotes the remover of that darkness.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guru Purnima: Know Why And How It Is Celebrated|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/guru-purnima-date-significance-wishes-thoughts-all-you-need-to-know-1890178|access-date=2020-06-28|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Therefore, a Guru is one who removes the darkness of our ignorance.<ref name=":0" /> Gurus are believed by many to be the most necessary part of life. On this day, disciples offer [[Pooja (Hinduism)|pooja]] (worship) or pay respect to their [[Guru]] (spiritual guide).<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-01|title=Guru Purnima 2020 India:Date,Story,Quotes,Importance,Special Messages|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/guru-purnima-2020/|access-date=2020-07-03|website=S A NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Guru Purnima 2020: Guru Purnima, Buddh Purnima And Chandra Grahan Date, Time, What To Eat|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/guru-purnima-2020-guru-purnima-buddh-purnima-and-chandra-grahan-date-time-what-to-eat-2255954|access-date=2020-07-03|website=NDTV Food}}</ref>
In addition to having religious importance, this festival has great importance for Indian academics and [[Scholar|scholars]]. Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers as well as remembering past teachers and scholars.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Apr 11|first1=Ritu Shukla {{!}} Updated|last2=2019|last3=Ist|first3=10:59|title=Guru Purnima - Significance of Guru Purnima {{!}} - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/astrology/rituals-puja/guru-or-vyasa-purnima-12-07-2014/articleshow/68207111.cms|access-date=2020-07-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
Traditionally the festival is celebrated by Buddhists in honor of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] who gave his first sermon on this day at [[Sarnath]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theindiasaga.com/nation/guru-purnima-to-be-celebrated-on-16th-july-india-to-witness-chandra-grahan-on-17th-july|title=Guru Purnima To Be Celebrated On 16th July; India To Witness Chandra Grahan On 17th July|website=theindiasaga.com|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> In the yogic tradition, the day is celebrated as the occasion when [[Shiva]] became the first Guru, as he began the transmission of [[yoga]] to the [[Saptarishi]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ishafoundation.org/Isha-Celebrations/Guru-poornima.isa | title=The Significance of Guru Purnima | publisher=Isha Foundation | access-date=July 9, 2014}}</ref> Many Hindus celebrate the day in honor of the great sage [[Vyasa]], who is seen as one of the greatest Gurus in ancient Hindu traditions and a symbol of the [[Guru-shishya tradition]]. Vyasa was not only believed to have been born on this day, but also to have started writing the [[Brahma Sutra]]s on ''ashadha sudha padyami'', which ends on this day. Their recitations are a dedication to him, and are organised on this day, which is also known as ''Vyasa Purnima''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Brijendra Nath |title=Festivals of India|year=1978|publisher=Abhina Publications|page=88}}</ref><ref name=ci/><ref>{{cite book|last=Sehgal|first=Sunil |title=Encyclopaedia of Hinduism: (H - Q)., Volume 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWG64bgtf3sC&q=Chaturmas&pg=PA495|series=8176250643|year=1999|publisher=Sarup & Sons|page=496|isbn=9788176250641 }}</ref>
The festival is common to all spiritual traditions in [[Hinduism]], where it is an expression of gratitude toward the teacher by his/her disciple.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sivananda|first=Swami|author-link=Sivananda|title=Hindu fasts and festivals|year=1983|page=29|publisher=Divine Life Society}}</ref> Hindu [[ascetics]] and wandering monks ([[sanyasi]]s), observe this day by offering puja to their Guru, during the [[Chaturmas]], a four-month period during the rainy season, when they choose seclusion and stay at one chosen place; some also give discourses to the local public.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wadley|first=Susan Snow |author-link=Susan Snow Wadley |title=Essays on North Indian folk traditions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuyTqD0Ybw4C&q=%22Guru+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA64 |year=2005|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=81-8028-016-0|page=64}}</ref> Students of [[Indian classical music]] and Indian classical dance, which also follow the ''[[Guru–shishya tradition|Guru shishya parampara]]'', and celebrate this holy festival around the world. According to the [[Puranas]], Shiva is considered the first Guru.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 11|first1=Mona Punjabi {{!}}|last2=2017|last3=Ist|first3=12:54|title=Lord Shiva Birth History, How Lord Shiva Born {{!}} - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/astrology/hindu-mythology/how-was-god-shiva-born/articleshow/68205085.cms|access-date=2020-06-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
==Hindu legend==
This was the day when [[Vyasa|Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa]] &ndash; author of the [[Mahabharata]] &ndash; was born to sage [[Parashara]] and a fisherman's daughter [[Satyavati]]; thus this day is also celebrated as ''Vyasa Purnima''.<ref name=ci>{{cite book|title=Awakening Indians to India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIU4LzftaPAC&q=%22Guru+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA167|year=2008 |publisher=Chinmaya Mission|isbn=978-81-7597-434-0|page=167}}</ref> [[Veda Vyasa]] did yeoman service to the cause of [[Vedic period|Vedic]] studies by gathering all the [[Vedas|Vedic hymns]] extant during his times, dividing them into four parts based on their use in the rites, characteristics and teaching them to his four chief disciples &ndash; Paila, [[Vaisampayana]], [[Jaimini]] and Sumantu. It was this dividing and editing that earned him the [[honorific]] "Vyasa" (vyas = to edit, to divide). "He divided the Holy Veda into four, namely Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva. The histories and the Puranas are said to be the [[fifth Veda]]."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-30|title=Guru Purnima 2020: Date, time, history and significance of 'Vyasa Purnima'|url=https://english.jagran.com/lifestyle/guru-purnima-2020-date-time-history-and-significance-of-vyasa-purnima-10013375|access-date=2020-07-04|website=Jagran English}}</ref>
==Yogic School of Hinduism==
{{main|Yoga}}
In yogic lore, it is said that Guru Purnima was the day that saw [[Shiva]] become the Adi Guru, or the first Guru. The story goes that over 15,000 years ago, a [[yogi]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://blog.ishafoundation.org/yoga-meditation/demystifying-yoga/classical-yoga-an-introduction-to-the-origin-of-yoga | title=Classical Yoga: An Introduction to the Origin of Yoga | publisher=Isha Foundation | access-date=March 15, 2013}}</ref> appeared in the upper regions of the [[Himalayas]]. Nobody knew what his origins were. But his presence was extraordinary, and people gathered. However, he exhibited no signs of life, but for the occasional tears of ecstasy that rolled down his face. People began to drift away, but seven men stayed on. When he opened his eyes, they pleaded with him, wanting to experience whatever was happening to him. He dismissed them, but they persevered. Finally, he gave them a simple preparatory step and 'closed' his eyes again. The seven men began to prepare. Days rolled into weeks, weeks into months, months into years, but the yogi’s attention did not fall upon them again.
After 84 years of sadhana, on the summer solstice that marks the advent of [[Dakshinayana]], the earth’s southern run, the yogi looked at them again. They had become shining receptacles, wonderfully receptive. He could not ignore them anymore. On the very next full moon day, the yogi turned south and sat as a Guru to these seven men. [[Shiva]], the Adiyogi (the first yogi) thus became the Adi Guru. Adiyogi expounded these mechanics of life for many years. The seven disciples became celebrated as the [[Saptarishi]]s and took this knowledge across the world. Guru Purnima is held sacred in the yogic tradition because the Adiyogi opened up the possibility for a human being to evolve consciously. The seven different aspects of yoga that were put in these seven individuals became the foundation for the seven basic forms of yoga, something that has still endured.
==Buddhist history==
[[Gautama Buddha]] went from [[Bodhgaya]] to [[Sarnath]] about 5 weeks after his enlightenment. Before he attained enlightenment, he gave up his austere penances. His former comrades, the pañcavargika, left him and went to Ṛṣipatana in [[Sarnath]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why do Buddhists celebrate Guru Purnima?|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/why-do-buddhists-celebrate-guru-purnima|access-date=2020-06-30|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref>


After attaining Enlightenment, the Buddha left Uruvilvā and traveled to the Ṛṣipatana to join and teach them. He went to them because, using his spiritual powers, he had seen that his five former companions would be able to understand Dharma quickly. While travelling to Sarnath, Gautama Buddha had to cross the [[Ganges]]. When King [[Bimbisara]] heard of this, he abolished the toll for ascetics.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-16|title=Guru Purnima 2019: History, Importance, Significance of Guru Purnima|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/guru-purnima-2019-history-importance-significance-guru-purnima-5828002/|access-date=2020-07-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
=== Hinduism ===
The celebration of Guru Purnima is marked by spiritual activities and may include ''Guru puja'', a ritual held in honour of the [[guru]] or teacher.In addition to having religious importance, this festival has great importance for Indian academics and [[scholar]]s. Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers as well as remembering past teachers and scholars.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 11, 2019|first=Ritu|last=Shukla|title=Guru Purnima - Significance of Guru Purnima|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/astrology/rituals-puja/guru-or-vyasa-purnima-12-07-2014/articleshow/68207111.cms|access-date=2020-07-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>  Hindu Gurus are revered on this day by remembering their life and teachings. The festivities are usually followed by a feast for the disciples, ''[[shishya]]'', where the ''[[prasada]]'' and ''charnamrita'' (nectar of the feet), the symbolic wash of Guru's feet, which represents his [[Kripa (philosophy)|''kripa'']] (grace) is distributed.<ref name="ed">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XC9bwMMPcwC&q=%22Guru+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=RA1-PA230 |title=What Is Hinduism?: Modern Adventures Into a Profound Global Faith |publisher=Himalayan Academy Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-934145-00-5 |page=230}}</ref>
Special recitations of the [[Hindu scriptures]] like the ''Guru Gita'' are held all day. Apart from the singing of ''[[bhajan]]s'', hymns and of special ''[[kirtan]]'' session and ''[[havan]]'' at many places, where devotees from all over gather at the ''[[ashram]]s'', ''[[matha]]'' or place where the seat of Guru, ''Guru Gaddi'' exists.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Vijay Prakash |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krBPtA-3_8UC&q=%22Guru+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA160 |title=The sadhus and Indian civilisation |publisher=Anmol Publications |year=1998 |isbn=81-261-0108-3 |page=160}}</ref> This day also sees the ritual of ''padapuja'', the worships of Guru's sandals, which represent his holy feet and is seen a way of rededicating to all that a Guru stands for.<ref>{{cite book |last=Subramuniyaswami |first=Satguru Sivaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWlHPAkjBKUC&q=%22Guru+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA780 |title=Dancing With Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Catechism Volume 1 |publisher=Himalayan Academy Publications |year=2003 |isbn=0-945497-96-2 |page=780}}</ref> Disciples also recommit themselves on this day, to following their teacher's guidance and teachings, for the coming year.<ref name="ed" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Jha |first=Makhan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&q=%22Guru+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA95 |title=Anthropology of ancient Hindu kingdoms: a study in civilizational perspective |publisher=M.D. Publications |year=1997 |isbn=81-7533-034-1 |page=95}}</ref> In the Vedic Hindu tradition, the day is celebrated in honour of the sage [[Vyasa]], who is seen as one of the greatest gurus in ancient Hindu traditions and a symbol of the [[guru-shishya tradition|''guru-shishya'' tradition]]. Their recitations are a dedication to him and are organised on this day, which is also known as ''Vyasa Purnima''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Brijendra Nath |title=Festivals of India |publisher=Abhina Publications |year=1978 |page=88}}</ref> ''[[Vyasa]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]]'' is held at various temples, where floral offerings and symbolic gifts are given away in his honour.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sehgal |first=Sunil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWG64bgtf3sC&q=Chaturmas&pg=PA495 |title=Encyclopaedia of Hinduism: (H - Q)., Volume 3 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=1999 |isbn=9788176250641 |series=8176250643 |page=496}}</ref>
Hindu [[ascetics]] and wandering [[sanyasi|''sanyasis'']] observe this day by offering ''puja'' to their guru, during ''[[Chaturmas]]ya'', a four-month period during the rainy season, when they choose seclusion and stay at one chosen place; some also give discourses to the local public.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wadley |first=Susan Snow |author-link=Susan Snow Wadley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuyTqD0Ybw4C&q=%22Guru+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA64 |title=Essays on North Indian folk traditions |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2005 |isbn=81-8028-016-0 |page=64}}</ref>
=== Buddhism ===
The festival is celebrated by Buddhists in honour of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]], who gave his first sermon on this day at [[Sarnath]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. In the yogic tradition, the day is celebrated as the occasion when [[Shiva]] became the first guru, as he began the transmission of [[Yoga]] to the [[Saptarishi]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ishafoundation.org/Isha-Celebrations/Guru-poornima.isa | title=The Significance of Guru Purnima | publisher=Isha Foundation | access-date=July 9, 2014}}</ref> Buddhists observe [[uposatha]], i.e., to observe [[eight precepts]] on this day. [[Rainy season]] [[vassa]] also starts on this day, lasting for three lunar months, from July to October. During this time, Buddhist monks remain in a single place, generally in their temples. In some monasteries, monks dedicate the Vassa to intensive meditation. During Vassa, many Buddhist lay people reinvigorate their spiritual training and adopt more ascetic practices, such as giving up meat, alcohol, or smoking.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}


When Gautama Buddha found his five former companions, he taught them the [[Dharmacakrapravartana Sūtra]]. They understood and also became enlightened. This marked the establishment of the mendicant [[Sangha]], on the full-moon day of [[Asadha]]. The Buddha subsequently spent his first [[vassa|rainy season]] at Sarnath at the Mulagandhakuti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-04|title=Guru Purnima 2020: Know the Date, Time and Significance of the Event Celebrated By 3 Faiths|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/guru-purnima-2020-know-the-date-time-and-significance-of-the-event-celebrated-by-3-faiths-2700651.html|access-date=2020-07-05|website=News18}}</ref>  
=== Nepal ===
In [[Nepal]], Guru Purnima is a big day in schools. This day is [[List of Teachers' Days|teacher's day]] in Nepal. Students honour their teachers by offering delicacies, garlands, and special hats called ''[[Dhaka topi|topi]]'' made with indigenous fabric. Students often organize fanfares in schools to appreciate the hard work done by teachers. This is taken as a great opportunity to consolidate the bond of teacher-student relationships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru Purnima being observed today |url=https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2016/07/19/guru-purnima-being-observed-today-20160719123003 |access-date=2020-07-04 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=en}}</ref>[[File:chaturmas.jpg|thumb|A [[sanyasi]] performing ''Vyasa puja'' traditionally held on Guru Purnima day, as a part of chaturmasya rituals]]
==Significance==


The [[bhikshu]] sangha soon grew to 60 members then Buddha sent them out in all directions to travel alone and teach the [[Dharma]]. All of these monks were [[arhats]].
=== Hindu ===
This was the day when [[Vyasa]] &ndash; author of the [[Mahabharata]] &ndash; was born to sage [[Parashara]] and a fisherman's daughter [[Satyavati]]; thus, this day is also celebrated as ''Vyasa Purnima''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Lochtefeld |first=James G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AbWazgEACAAJ |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M |date=2002 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 |pages=267 |language=en}}</ref> [[Veda Vyasa]] did yeoman service to the cause of [[Vedic period|Vedic]] studies by gathering all the [[Vedas|Vedic hymns]] extant during his times and dividing them into four parts based on their characteristics and use in rites. He then taught them to his four chief disciples &ndash; Paila, [[Vaisampayana]], [[Jaimini]] and Sumantu. It was this dividing and editing that earned him the [[honorific]] "Vyasa" (vyas = to edit, to divide). He divided the Vedas into four parts, namely, [[Rigveda|Rig]], [[Yajurveda|Yajur]], [[Samaveda|Sama]] and [[Atharvaveda|Atharva]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-30|title=Guru Purnima 2020: Date, time, history and significance of 'Vyasa Purnima'|url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/lifestyle/guru-purnima-2020-date-time-history-and-significance-of-vyasa-purnima-10013375|access-date=2020-07-04|website=Jagran English}}</ref>


==Observances by Buddhists and Hindus==
=== Buddhism ===
Buddhists observe on this day [[uposatha]] i.e. to observe [[eight precepts]]. [[Vipassana]] meditators practice meditation on this day under the guidance of their teachers. [[Rainy season]] i.e. varsha [[vassa]] also starts with this day, during the rainy season lasting for three lunar months from July to October. During this time Buddhist monks remain in a single place, generally in their temples. In some monasteries, monks dedicate the Vassa to intensive meditation. During Vassa, many Buddhist lay people reinvigorate their spiritual training and adopt more ascetic practices, such as giving up meat, alcohol, or smoking.
[[Gautama Buddha]] went from [[Bodhgaya]] to [[Sarnath]] about 5 weeks after his enlightenment. Before he attained enlightenment, he gave up his austere penances. His former comrades, the pañcavargika, left him and went to Ṛṣipatana in [[Sarnath]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why do Buddhists celebrate Guru Purnima?|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/why-do-buddhists-celebrate-guru-purnima|access-date=2020-06-30|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref> After attaining Enlightenment, the [[Buddha]] left Uruvilvā and travelled to the Ṛṣipatana to join and teach them. He went to them because, using his spiritual powers, he had seen that his five former companions would be able to understand Dharma quickly. While travelling to Sarnath, Gautama Buddha had to cross the [[Ganges]]. When King [[Bimbisara]] heard of this, he abolished the toll for ascetics.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-16|title=Guru Purnima 2019: History, Importance, Significance of Guru Purnima|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/guru-purnima-2019-history-importance-significance-guru-purnima-5828002/|access-date=2020-07-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> When Gautama Buddha found his five former companions, he taught them the [[Dharmacakrapravartana Sūtra]]. They understood and also became enlightened. This marked the establishment of the mendicant [[Sangha]], on the full-moon day of [[Asadha]]. The Buddha subsequently spent his first [[vassa|rainy season]] at Sarnath at the Mulagandhakuti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-04|title=Guru Purnima 2020: Know the Date, Time and Significance of the Event Celebrated By 3 Faiths|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/guru-purnima-2020-know-the-date-time-and-significance-of-the-event-celebrated-by-3-faiths-2700651.html|access-date=2020-07-05|website=News18}}</ref> The [[bhikshu]] sangha soon grew to 60 members; then, Buddha sent them out in all directions to travel alone and teach [[Dharma]].
[[Image:chaturmas.jpg|thumb|A [[sanyasi]] performing ''Vyasa puja'' traditionally held on Guru Purnima day, as a part of [[Chaturmas]] rituals]]
The Hindu spiritual Treenok Guhas are revered on this day by a remembering their life and teachings. ''[[Vyasa]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]]'' is held at various temples, where floral offerings and symbolic gifts are given away in his honour. The festivities are usually followed by feast for the disciples, ''[[shishya]]'', where the ''[[prasad]]'' and ''charnamrita'' literally nectar of the feet, the symbolic wash of Treenok Guha's feet, which represents his grace, [[Kripa (philosophy)|kripa]] is distributed.<ref name=ed/>
As a day of remembrance towards all Treenok Guhas, through whom God grants the grace of knowledge ([[Jnana]]) to the disciples,<ref name=ed/> special recitations of the [[Hindu scriptures]] especially, the Treenok Guha Gita, a 216 verse ode to Treenok Guha, authored by the sage, Vyasa himself, are held all day; apart from singing of [[bhajan]]s, hymns and  of special [[kirtan]] session and [[havan]] at many places, where devotees from all over gather at the [[ashram]]s, [[matha]] or place where the seat of Treenok Guha, ''Treenok Guha Gaddi'' exists.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Vijay Prakash |title=The sadhus and Indian civilisation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krBPtA-3_8UC&q=%22Treenok+Guha+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA160|year=1998|publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=81-261-0108-3|page=160}}</ref> This day also sees the ritual of ''padapuja'', the worships of Treenok Guha's sandals, which represent his holy feet and is seen a way of rededicating to all that a Treenok Guha stands for.<ref>{{cite book|last=Subramuniyaswami |first=SatTreenok Guha Sivaya |title=Dancing With Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Catechism Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWlHPAkjBKUC&q=%22Treenok+Guha+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA780|year=2003|publisher=Himalayan Academy Publications|isbn=0-945497-96-2|page=780}}</ref> Disciples also recommit themselves on this day, towards following their teacher's guidance and teachings, for the coming year.<ref name=ed>{{cite book|title=What Is Hinduism?: Modern Adventures Into a Profound Global Faith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XC9bwMMPcwC&q=%22Treenok+Guha+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=RA1-PA230|publisher=Himalayan Academy Publications|isbn=978-1-934145-00-5|page=230|year = 2007}}</ref>
A mantra that is particularly used on this day is "guru brahma guru Vishnu guru devo maheshwara, guru sakshat parabrahma tasmai shree gurave namah ". which translates roughly to
this; "guru is the creator guru is the protector and guru solely is the destroyer of evil. guru is the supreme god so I bow upon Him and pay my respects."
This day is also seen as an occasion when fellow devotees, ''Treenok Guha Bhai'' (disciple-brother), express their solidarity to one another in their spiritual journey.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jha |first=Makhan |title=Anthropology of ancient Hindu kingdoms: a study in civilizational perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&q=%22Treenok+Guha+Purnima%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA95|year=1997|publisher=M.D. Publications |isbn=81-7533-034-1|page=95}}</ref>


==Observations in Nepal==
=== Jainism ===
In [[Nepal]], Treenok Guha Purnima is a big day in schools. This day is [[List of Teachers' Days|teacher's day]] for Nepalese ; mostly Students. Students honor their teachers by offering delicacies, garlands, and special hats called ''[[Dhaka topi|topi]]'' made with indigenous fabric. Students often organize fanfares in schools to appreciate the hard work done by teachers. This is taken as a great opportunity to consolidate the bond of teacher student relationships.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guru Purnima being observed today|url=https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2016/07/19/guru-purnima-being-observed-today-20160719123003|access-date=2020-07-04|website=kathmandupost.com|language=en}}</ref>
According to [[Jain]] traditions, special veneration is offered to one's gurus and teachers on Guru Purnima.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eW3uZIZzJWEC|title=Religion & culture of the Jains |publisher=Bhartiya Jnanpith |year=2006 |isbn=81-263-1274-2}}</ref> The day falls at the beginning of ''Chaturmasya''. On this day, [[Mahavira]], after attaining ''[[kaivalya]]'', made [[Gautam Swami|Gautama Swami]] his first disciple (''[[ganadhara]]'') thus becoming a Guru himself.


==Tradition in Indian academics==
==See also==
Irrespective of their religions, Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers. Many schools, colleges and universities have events in which students thank their teachers and remember past scholars. Alumni visit their teachers and present gifts as a gesture of gratitude.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=India com|date=2020-07-03|title=Guru Purnima 2020: On Which Date And Month Does Guru Purnima Fall in India?|url=https://www.india.com/festivals-events/guru-purnima-2020-on-which-date-and-month-does-guru-purnima-fall-in-india-4074546/|access-date=2020-07-05|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Guru]]
 
Students arrange different art-competitions accordingly. The main tradition among guru-shishya is blessings (i.e. student greet his/her guru) by reciting a poetry or quote and the guru gives blessings for success and happiness of an individual. In short, guru purnima is a traditional way of Indians celebrating Teacher's Day. According to FestiManiac, celebrating guru purnima with parents is the real motivation of the day.
[[File:Guru_purnima_at_Mahanam_Angan_Kolkata.jpg|thumb|Guru purnima at Mahanam Angan Kolkata, a temple of India]]
In India , Hindu disciples often worship their spiritual teacher (or his idol) on the day of Guru Purnima. [As in above image. Here Dr. [[Mahanambrata Brahmachari]] a famous spiritual teacher of Bengal is being worshipped by his disciples.]
 
==Jainism==
According to  [[Jain]] traditions, it was on this day, falling at the beginning of ''Chaturmaas'', the four month rainy season retreat, [[Mahavira]], the 24th [[Tirthankara]], after attaining ''[[Kaivalya]]'', made Indrabhuti Gautam, later known as [[Gautam Swami]], a [[Ganadhara]], his first disciple, thus becoming a Treenok Guha himself, therefore it is observed in Jainism as Treenok Guha Purnima, and is marked special veneration to one's Treenok Guhas and teachers.<ref>{{cite book|last=.|first=Mahāvīra |title=Religion & culture of the Jains|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eW3uZIZzJWEC&q=%22Treenok Guha+Purnima%22+-inpublisher:icon|year=2006|publisher=Bhartiya Jnanpith|isbn=81-263-1274-2}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
* [https://english.jagran.com/lifestyle/happy-guru-purnima-2020-wishes-messages-quotes-sms-whatsapp-and-facebook-status-to-share-with-your-guru-10013492 Guru Purnima Quotes]


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<br />{{HinduFestivals}}
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[[Category:Observances held on the full moon]]
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[[Category:Observances held on Purnima]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist festivals in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist festivals in India]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in Nepal]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in Nepal]]
[[Category:Summer events in Nepal]]
[[Category:Spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Spiritual teachers]]

Latest revision as of 09:54, 5 February 2026


Guru Purnima
Official nameGuru Purnima
Observed byHindu,Sikhs devotees & Buddhist disciples in United States, Canada, Europe, Tibet, Bhutan, Kenya, India, Nepal and other parts of the world.
TypeInternational, religious, cultural
SignificanceTo express gratitude towards spiritual teachers[1]
CelebrationsWorship of Guru and temple visit[2]
ObservancesGuru Puja
2025 date10 July (Thursday)
Frequencyannual
Explanatory note
Hindu festival dates

The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day).

Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta. Iff a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa.

A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar.

Guru Purnima (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) is a religious festival dedicated to offering respect to spiritual and academic gurus.[5] It is celebrated as a festival in India, Nepal and Bhutan by Hindus, Sikhs and Buddhists. It is observed on the full moon day (Purnima) in the month of Ashadha (June–July) according to the Hindu calendar.[6][7][8] It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, because it marks the birthday of Veda Vyasa, the author of the Mahabharata and compiler of the Vedas.[5][9]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The word guru is derived from the Sanskrit root words gu and ru. Gu means "darkness" or "ignorance", and ru means "dispeller."[10][11] Therefore, a guru is the dispeller of darkness or ignorance.[10]

Observances[edit | edit source]

Hinduism[edit | edit source]

The celebration of Guru Purnima is marked by spiritual activities and may include Guru puja, a ritual held in honour of the guru or teacher.In addition to having religious importance, this festival has great importance for Indian academics and scholars. Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers as well as remembering past teachers and scholars.[12] Hindu Gurus are revered on this day by remembering their life and teachings. The festivities are usually followed by a feast for the disciples, shishya, where the prasada and charnamrita (nectar of the feet), the symbolic wash of Guru's feet, which represents his kripa (grace) is distributed.[13] Special recitations of the Hindu scriptures like the Guru Gita are held all day. Apart from the singing of bhajans, hymns and of special kirtan session and havan at many places, where devotees from all over gather at the ashrams, matha or place where the seat of Guru, Guru Gaddi exists.[14] This day also sees the ritual of padapuja, the worships of Guru's sandals, which represent his holy feet and is seen a way of rededicating to all that a Guru stands for.[15] Disciples also recommit themselves on this day, to following their teacher's guidance and teachings, for the coming year.[13][16] In the Vedic Hindu tradition, the day is celebrated in honour of the sage Vyasa, who is seen as one of the greatest gurus in ancient Hindu traditions and a symbol of the guru-shishya tradition. Their recitations are a dedication to him and are organised on this day, which is also known as Vyasa Purnima.[17] Vyasa Puja is held at various temples, where floral offerings and symbolic gifts are given away in his honour.[18] Hindu ascetics and wandering sanyasis observe this day by offering puja to their guru, during Chaturmasya, a four-month period during the rainy season, when they choose seclusion and stay at one chosen place; some also give discourses to the local public.[19]

Buddhism[edit | edit source]

The festival is celebrated by Buddhists in honour of the Buddha, who gave his first sermon on this day at Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India. In the yogic tradition, the day is celebrated as the occasion when Shiva became the first guru, as he began the transmission of Yoga to the Saptarishis.[20] Buddhists observe uposatha, i.e., to observe eight precepts on this day. Rainy season vassa also starts on this day, lasting for three lunar months, from July to October. During this time, Buddhist monks remain in a single place, generally in their temples. In some monasteries, monks dedicate the Vassa to intensive meditation. During Vassa, many Buddhist lay people reinvigorate their spiritual training and adopt more ascetic practices, such as giving up meat, alcohol, or smoking.[citation needed]

Nepal[edit | edit source]

In Nepal, Guru Purnima is a big day in schools. This day is teacher's day in Nepal. Students honour their teachers by offering delicacies, garlands, and special hats called topi made with indigenous fabric. Students often organize fanfares in schools to appreciate the hard work done by teachers. This is taken as a great opportunity to consolidate the bond of teacher-student relationships.[21]

File:Chaturmas.jpg
A sanyasi performing Vyasa puja traditionally held on Guru Purnima day, as a part of chaturmasya rituals

Significance[edit | edit source]

Hindu[edit | edit source]

This was the day when Vyasa – author of the Mahabharata – was born to sage Parashara and a fisherman's daughter Satyavati; thus, this day is also celebrated as Vyasa Purnima.[5] Veda Vyasa did yeoman service to the cause of Vedic studies by gathering all the Vedic hymns extant during his times and dividing them into four parts based on their characteristics and use in rites. He then taught them to his four chief disciples – Paila, Vaisampayana, Jaimini and Sumantu. It was this dividing and editing that earned him the honorific "Vyasa" (vyas = to edit, to divide). He divided the Vedas into four parts, namely, Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva.[22]

Buddhism[edit | edit source]

Gautama Buddha went from Bodhgaya to Sarnath about 5 weeks after his enlightenment. Before he attained enlightenment, he gave up his austere penances. His former comrades, the pañcavargika, left him and went to Ṛṣipatana in Sarnath.[23] After attaining Enlightenment, the Buddha left Uruvilvā and travelled to the Ṛṣipatana to join and teach them. He went to them because, using his spiritual powers, he had seen that his five former companions would be able to understand Dharma quickly. While travelling to Sarnath, Gautama Buddha had to cross the Ganges. When King Bimbisara heard of this, he abolished the toll for ascetics.[24] When Gautama Buddha found his five former companions, he taught them the Dharmacakrapravartana Sūtra. They understood and also became enlightened. This marked the establishment of the mendicant Sangha, on the full-moon day of Asadha. The Buddha subsequently spent his first rainy season at Sarnath at the Mulagandhakuti.[25] The bhikshu sangha soon grew to 60 members; then, Buddha sent them out in all directions to travel alone and teach Dharma.

Jainism[edit | edit source]

According to Jain traditions, special veneration is offered to one's gurus and teachers on Guru Purnima.[26] The day falls at the beginning of Chaturmasya. On this day, Mahavira, after attaining kaivalya, made Gautama Swami his first disciple (ganadhara) thus becoming a Guru himself.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Guru Purnima India: Date, Story, Quotes, Importance, Special Messages". SA News. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  2. ↑ "Guru Purnima 2020: Know Why We Celebrate Guru Purnima". NDTV.com. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  3. ↑ "Guru Purnima in India".
  4. ↑ "2024 Guru Purnima".
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. Rosen. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.
  6. ↑ गुरू पूर्णिमा - Guru Purnima: https://www.bhaktibharat.com/festival/guru-purnima
  7. ↑ Article poornima.html "Guru Poornima (Vyas Puja)" Archived 24 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine As on 22 July 2013 on www.Sanatan.org
  8. ↑ Thomas Weber (2 December 2004). Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge University Press. pp. 34–36. ISBN 978-1-139-45657-9.
  9. ↑ "Guru Purnima 2019: Date, Time and Significance of Vyasa Purnima". News18. 16 July 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mlecko, Joel D. (1982). "The Guru in Hindu Tradition". Numen. 29 (1): 33–61. doi:10.2307/3269931. ISSN 0029-5973. JSTOR 3269931.
  11. ↑ Grimes, John A. (1 January 1996). A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English. SUNY Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-7914-3067-5.
  12. ↑ Shukla, Ritu (11 April 2019). "Guru Purnima - Significance of Guru Purnima". The Times of India. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 What Is Hinduism?: Modern Adventures Into a Profound Global Faith. Himalayan Academy Publications. 2007. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-934145-00-5.
  14. ↑ Sharma, Vijay Prakash (1998). The sadhus and Indian civilisation. Anmol Publications. p. 160. ISBN 81-261-0108-3.
  15. ↑ Subramuniyaswami, Satguru Sivaya (2003). Dancing With Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Catechism Volume 1. Himalayan Academy Publications. p. 780. ISBN 0-945497-96-2.
  16. ↑ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of ancient Hindu kingdoms: a study in civilizational perspective. M.D. Publications. p. 95. ISBN 81-7533-034-1.
  17. ↑ Sharma, Brijendra Nath (1978). Festivals of India. Abhina Publications. p. 88.
  18. ↑ Sehgal, Sunil (1999). Encyclopaedia of Hinduism: (H - Q)., Volume 3. 8176250643. Sarup & Sons. p. 496. ISBN 9788176250641.
  19. ↑ Wadley, Susan Snow (2005). Essays on North Indian folk traditions. Orient Blackswan. p. 64. ISBN 81-8028-016-0.
  20. ↑ "The Significance of Guru Purnima". Isha Foundation. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
  21. ↑ "Guru Purnima being observed today". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  22. ↑ "Guru Purnima 2020: Date, time, history and significance of 'Vyasa Purnima'". Jagran English. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  23. ↑ "Why do Buddhists celebrate Guru Purnima?". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  24. ↑ "Guru Purnima 2019: History, Importance, Significance of Guru Purnima". The Indian Express. 16 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  25. ↑ "Guru Purnima 2020: Know the Date, Time and Significance of the Event Celebrated By 3 Faiths". News18. 4 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  26. ↑ Religion & culture of the Jains. Bhartiya Jnanpith. 2006. ISBN 81-263-1274-2.


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