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{{Short description|Indian physics research institute}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{primary sources|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox research institute
{{Infobox research institute
|name            = Institute for Plasma Research
|name            = Institute for Plasma Research
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|type            = Theoretical & Applied research
|type            = Theoretical & Applied research
|research_field  = [[Plasma Physics]]
|research_field  = [[Plasma Physics]]
|director        = Dr. Shashank Chaturvedi (from 5th Aug. 2016)
|director        = Dr. Shashank Chaturvedi
|city            = [[Gandhinagar]]
|city            = [[Gandhinagar]]
|state            = [[Gujarat]]
|state            = [[Gujarat]]
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[[File:Panoramic View of IPR main building.jpg|thumb|Panoramic view of Institute for Plasma Research main building.]]
[[File:Panoramic View of IPR main building.jpg|thumb|Panoramic view of Institute for Plasma Research main building.]]
The '''Institute for Plasma Research''' (IPR) is an autonomous [[physics]] research institute located in [[India]]. The institute is involved in research in aspects of [[plasma (physics)|plasma]] science including basic plasma physics, research on magnetically confined hot plasmas and plasma technologies for industrial applications. It is a large and leading plasma physics organization in India. The institute is mainly funded by [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]]. IPR is playing major scientific and technical role in Indian partnership in the international fusion energy initiative [[ITER]]. It is part of the [[Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations|IndiGO]] consortium for research on [[Gravitational wave|Gravitational Waves]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/science/news/gravitational-waves-detection-how-indian-institutes-pitched-in-with-research-801648|title=Gravitational Waves Detection: How Indian Institutes Pitched in With Research|access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref>
The '''Institute for Plasma Research''' (IPR)<ref>{{cite news |title=IPR Gandhinagar team proposes roadmap for India’s fusion power plans |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/ipr-gandhinagar-team-proposes-roadmap-for-indias-fusion-power-plans/article70083807.ece |work=The Hindu |date=26 September 2025 |access-date=11 January 2026}}
</ref> is a [[Public research and development|public]] research institute in [[India]]. The institute conducts research in [[plasma (physics)|plasma]] science, including basic plasma physics, magnetically confined hot plasmas, and plasma technologies for industrial applications. It is the leading plasma physics organization of India and houses the largest [[tokamak]] of India - [[SST-1 (tokamak)|SST1]]. IPR plays a major scientific and technical role in Indian partnership in the international fusion energy initiative [[ITER]]. It is part of the [[Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations|IndiGO]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul John |first= |title=IPR to build world's most powerful gravity-sensing LIGO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/science/ipr-to-build-worlds-most-powerful-gravity-sensing-ligo/articleshow/51033953.cms |work=The Times of India |date=18 February 2016 |access-date=11 January 2026}}
</ref> consortium for research on [[gravitational waves]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/science/news/gravitational-waves-detection-how-indian-institutes-pitched-in-with-research-801648|title=Gravitational Waves Detection: How Indian Institutes Pitched in With Research|date=12 February 2016 |access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref> It is an autonomous body funded by the [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]].
 
{{Toclimit}}


== History ==
== History ==


In 1982, the [[Government of India]] initiated the Plasma Physics Programme (PPP) for research on magnetically confined high temperature plasmas. The PPP evolved into the autonomous Institute for Plasma Research under the Department of Science and Technology in 1986. With the commissioning of [[Aditya (tokamak)|ADITYA]] in 1989, full-fledged [[tokamak]] experiments started at IPR.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//projects.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-03-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218123745/http://www.ipr.res.in/projects.html |archive-date=18 February 2006 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> A decision was taken in 1995 to build the second generation [[superconductivity|superconducting]] steady state tokamak [[SST-1 (tokamak)|SST-1]] capable of 1000 second operation. Due to this, the institute grew rapidly and came under the [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]].<ref>http://www.hbni.ac.in/cis/ipr.html</ref> The industrial plasma activities were reorganised under the [[Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies]] (FCIPT) and moved to a separate campus in [[Gandhinagar]] in 1998.<ref>[http://www.ipr.res.in//history.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701032014/http://www.ipr.res.in//history.html |date=1 July 2007 }}</ref>
In 1982, the [[Government of India]] initiated the [[Plasma (physics)|Plasma Physics]] Programme (PPP) for research on magnetically confined high-temperature plasmas.
 
In 1986, the PPP evolved into the autonomous Institute for Plasma Research under the Department of Science and Technology.
 
With the commissioning of [[Aditya (tokamak)|ADITYA]] in 1989, full-fledged [[tokamak]] experiments started at IPR.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//projects.html |title=Projects|publisher=Institute for Plasma Research |access-date=2006-03-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218123745/http://www.ipr.res.in/projects.html |archive-date=18 February 2006 }}</ref> A 1995 decision led to the second generation [[superconductivity|superconducting]] steady-state tokamak [[SST-1 (tokamak)|SST-1]], capable of 1000-second operation.{{Clarify|date=August 2022}} Due to this, the institute grew rapidly and came under the [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]].<ref>http://www.hbni.ac.in/cis/ipr.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> The industrial plasma activities were reorganized under the [[Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies]] (FCIPT) and moved to a separate campus in [[Gandhinagar]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//history.html |title=History of the Institute |website=Institute for Plasma Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701032014/http://www.ipr.res.in//history.html |archive-date=1 July 2007}}</ref>


== Location ==
== Location ==
Institute for Plasma Research is on the banks of the [[Sabarmati river]] in Bhat village of [[Gandhinagar district]]. It is approximately midway between the cities of [[Ahmedabad]] and Gandhinagar. It is 5&nbsp;km from the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad airport]] and 14&nbsp;km from the Ahmedabad railway station.<ref>[http://www.ipr.res.in//location.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504053633/http://www.ipr.res.in//location.html |date=4 May 2007 }}</ref>
The institute is located on the banks of [[Sabarmati River]] in [[Gandhinagar district]]. It is approximately midway between the cities of [[Ahmedabad]] and Gandhinagar. It is 5&nbsp;km from the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad airport]] and 14&nbsp;km from the Ahmedabad railway station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//location.html |title=Location |website=Institute for Plasma Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504053633/http://www.ipr.res.in//location.html |archive-date=4 May 2007}}</ref>


== Remote Campuses ==
== Remote campuses ==


* [[Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies]] (FCIPT)
* [[Centre of Plasma Physics - Institute for Plasma Research]] (CPP-IPR)
* [[Centre of Plasma Physics - Institute for Plasma Research]](CPP-IPR)
* ITER-India
* ITER-India


=== Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT) ===
=== Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies ===
The [[Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies]] is a division of Institute for Plasma Research working in the field of industrial plasma technologies. This centre was set up in the year 1997 to promote, foster, develop, demonstrate and transfer industrially relevant plasma-based technologies to industries, thus enabling technology commercialization. This centre acts as an interface between the institute and industries. While working with industry on industrial projects, FCIPT has maintained and improved its R&D strengths and, at the same time, has shown competence to work in an industrial manner.
The [[Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies|Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT)]] works in industrial plasma technologies. The centre was set up in 1997 to promote, foster, develop, demonstrate, and transfer industrially relevant plasma-based technologies to industries, thus enabling technology commercialization. The centre acts as an interface between the institute and industries. While working on industrial projects, FCIPT maintained and improved its R&D strengths and, at the same time, advanced industrial uses.
 
It has national and international industries in its client base such as Johnson & Johnson, ASP Ethicon Inc. USA, UVSYSTEC GmbH Germany, [[Thermax]] India Ltd., Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., IPCL, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., NHPC Ltd., GE India Technology Centre Bangalore, BHEL, Triton Valves Ltd. Mysore, etc. and other organizations such as BARC, DRDO, ISRO, IIT Kharagpur, National Aerospace Laboratories, other CSIR labs, etc. Amongst the infrastructure FCIPT has a full-fledged material characterization laboratory with instruments such as Transmission Electron Microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with EDAX, Atomic Force Microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Spectroscopic Ellipsometer, UV-VIS spectroscopy, Solar Simulator, thickness profilometer, optical metallurgical microscope with phase analyser, full-fledged metallography laboratory, Vicker's hardness tester, ASTM B117 corrosion testing setup, etc. Other infrastructure include electronics and instrumentation lab, process demonstration systems, etc.<ref>[http://www.plasmaindia.com/Aboutus.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715092354/http://www.plasmaindia.com/Aboutus.html |date=15 July 2011 }}</ref>


FCIPT has developed technologies related to waste remediation and recovery of energy from waste, surface hardening and heat treatment technologies such as plasma nitriding and plasma nitrcarburizing, plasma-assisted metallization technologies using magnetron sputter deposition, plasma-enhanced CVD for functional coatings on substrates, plasma Smelting and melting, plasma diagnostics, space-related plasma technologies, etc.
FCIPT works with national and international industries, such as [[Johnson & Johnson]], ASP Ethicon Inc. USA, UVSYSTEC GmbH Germany, [[Thermax]] India Ltd., Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., IPCL, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., NHPC Ltd., GE India Technology Centre Bangalore, BHEL, Triton Valves Ltd. Mysore, etc. and organizations such as BARC, DRDO, ISRO, IIT Kharagpur, National Aerospace Laboratories, and other CSIR labs. FCIPT has a material characterization laboratory with instruments such as Transmission Electron Microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with EDAX, Atomic Force Microscope, [[X-ray diffractometer]], Spectroscopic Ellipsometer, UV-VIS spectroscopy, solar simulator, thickness profilometer, optical metallurgical microscope with phase analyser, full-fledged metallography laboratory, Vickers hardness tester, and an ASTM B117 corrosion testing setup. Other infrastructure include electronics and instrumentation lab, process demonstration systems, etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plasmaindia.com/Aboutus.html |title=About Us |website=Institute for Plasma Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715092354/http://www.plasmaindia.com/Aboutus.html |archive-date=15 July 2011}}</ref>


Recently, ion irradiation induced patterning of semiconductor materials and amorphous solids has been a hot topic of research. To this end, a broadbeam ion source is used to generate various patterns such as nanoripples or  nanodots and are coated with silver for research in Plasmonics.
FCIPT developed technologies related to waste remediation and recovery of energy from waste, surface hardening, and heat treatment technologies such as [[plasma nitriding]] and plasma nitrocarburising, plasma-assisted metallization technologies using magnetron sputter deposition, [[Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition|Plasma-enhanced CVD]] for functional coatings on substrates, plasma melting, plasma diagnostics, and space-related plasma technologies.


Industries can directly contact FCIPT for their contract research needs, development of specialized plasma processing equipment and power sources, technology development, application development, material characterization services, etc.
Ion irradiation-induced patterning of semiconductor materials and amorphous solids is another focus. To this end, a {{section link|Ion beam|Broad-beam ion sources|nopage=y}} are used to generate patterns such as nanoripples or nanodots and are coated with silver for research in [[plasmonics]].


===Center of Plasma Physics - Institute for Plasma Research (CPP-IPR)===
===Center of Plasma Physics – Institute for Plasma Research (CPP-IPR)===
The Centre of Plasma Physics is an autonomous institute that pursues basic research in theoretical and experimental plasma physics.<ref name=":0" /> Its Governing Council consists of four scientists with representatives from the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad, [[Bhabha Atomic Research Center]], Bombay, and [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta; state government officers and local members.


==== History ====
==== History ====
[[File:Prof. S. Bujarbarua founder CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|Founder of CPP-IPR Prof. S. Bujarbarua]][[Sarbeswar Bujarbarua]]  
[[File:Prof. S. Bujarbarua founder CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|Founder of CPP-IPR Prof. S. Bujarbarua]]The government of [[Assam]] established the Centre of Plasma Physics in 1991.<ref name=":0">List of institutions of higher education in Assam</ref> The centre started functioning in April 1991 in a rented house located at Saptaswahid Pathi. The first chairman of the Governing Council was Professor [[Predhiman Krishan Kaw]] (died 18 June 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Staff Page, Institute for Plasma Research |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//staff.html |publisher=Institute for Plasma Research |date=1 February 2010 |access-date=1 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728091145/http://www.ipr.res.in//staff.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref>) a world-renowned plasma scientist. After its three-year term, the Governing Council was reconstituted by the Education Department with Prof. A.C. Das, Dean of [[Physical Research Laboratory]] as its chairman. The founding director of the centre, Prof. [[Sarbeswar Bujarbarua]], is a distinguished plasma scientist and a recipient of the 'Vikram Sarabhai Research Award' in 1989 and [[Kamal Kumari National Award]]<ref name="cd">{{cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=25..210409.apr09|title=Syam Sharma selected for Kamal Kumari Award|last=Hueiyen News Service |date=20 April 2009|publisher=e-pao.net|access-date=31 December 2009|location=New Delhi}}</ref> in 1993.
In pursuance of the national policy recognising plasma physics as one of the thrust areas of the present day research, Government of Assam established the Centre of Plasma Physics in the year 1991 as an autonomous research institute to pursue basic research in theoretical as well as experimental plasma physics and its related areas. Centre of Plasma Physics was an autonomous research institute under the Education (Higher) Department of Government of Assam.<ref>List of institutions of higher education in Assam</ref> The Centre started functioning since April, 1991 in a rented house located at Saptaswahid Path, Dispur, Guwahati. The Governing Council of the Centre consists of four eminent scientists of the country with representatives from Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad, [[Bhabha Atomic Research Center]], Bombay and [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta; top level State Government officers and some local members. The first Chairman of the Governing Council was Professor [[Predhiman Krishan Kaw]](died June 18, 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Staff Page, Institute for Plasma Research |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//staff.html |publisher=Institute for Plasma Research |date=1 February 2010 |access-date=1 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728091145/http://www.ipr.res.in//staff.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> of Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar), a world-renowned Plasma Scientist who took keen interest for the all-round development of the Centre. After the expiry of its 3 years' term, the Governing Council of the Centre was reconstituted by the Education Department with Prof. A.C. Das, Dean of [[Physical Research Laboratory]] as its chairman. The founding Director of the Centre, Prof.[[Sarbeswar Bujarbarua]] , is a distinguished plasma scientist of the country and recipient of `Vikram Sarabhai Research Award' in 1989 and [[Kamal Kumari National Award]]|<ref name="cd">{{cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=25..210409.apr09|title=Syam Sharma selected for Kamal Kumari Award|last=Hueiyen News Service |date=20 April 2009|publisher=e-pao.net|access-date=31 December 2009|location=New Delhi}}</ref> in 1993.


Over the last few years after its formation, the Centre has taken up several theoretical investigations in fundamental plasma processes such as nonlinear phenomena, instabilities, dusty plasma and has set up facilities for conducting basic plasma physics experiments. Funds are available from several Central Government agencies (like Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology), the Centre has taken up experimental programmes in the frontline areas of plasma physics, such as dense plasma focus and dusty plasma. During the last seven years the Centre has published more than 50 original research papers in standard international journals. The scientists of the Centre are working in close collaboration with national and international institutes like Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad, [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]], Bombay, [[Regional Research Laboratory]], Bhubaneswar, [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta, [[Kyushu University]], Japan, [[University of Bayreuth]], Germany, Culham Laboratory, UK, and [[Flinders University]], Australia, to name a few. The Centre also runs a Ph.D. programme with students registering with Guwahati University. Another component of the academic activity of the Centre consist of holding lecturers and colloquia on plasma physics and other branches of physical sciences.
Thereafter, the centre opened theoretical investigations in fundamental plasma processes such as nonlinear phenomena, instabilities, [[dusty plasma]]. It has set up facilities for conducting basic plasma physics experiments. Funds are available from several central government agencies (e.g. the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology), the centre has taken up experimental programs in the frontline areas of plasma physics, such as dense plasma focus and dusty plasma. The centre has published more than 50 original research papers. The scientists work in close collaboration with national and international institutes like the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar; [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad; [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]], Bombay; [[Regional Research Laboratory]], Bhubaneswar; [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta, [[Kyushu University]], Japan; [[University of Bayreuth]], Germany; Culham Laboratory, UK; and [[Flinders University]], Australia. The centre runs a PhD programme with students registering with Guwahati University. Another component of the academic activity of the centre consists of holding lecturers and colloquia on plasma physics and other branches of physical sciences.


Center of Plasma Physics, Institute for Plasma Research, Sonapur, Kamrup, Assam, became a new campus of IPR as Center of Plasma Physics, Sonapur was formally merged with IPR with effect from 29 May 2009.CPP-IPR is headed by Centre Director, Dr K. S. Goswami and is managed by a Managing Board headed by Director, IPR. It has at present twelve faculty members, fourteen other staff and a number of research scholars and project scientists. The theoretical and experimental research is oriented towards basic plasma physics as well as programs that complement the major programs at IPR.
The Centre of Plasma Physics, Institute for Plasma Research, Sonapur, Kamrup, Assam, became a new campus of IPR as the Centre of Plasma Physics, Sonapur, was formally merged with IPR effective 29 May 2009. CPP-IPR is headed by Centre Director Dr K. S. Goswami and is managed by a Managing Board headed by the director of IPR. It has twelve faculty members, fourteen other staff and research scholars and project scientists. The research is oriented towards essential plasma physics and programs that complement the significant programmes at IPR.


==== Campus ====
==== Campus ====
The institute campus is at Nazirakhat, Sonapur about 32&nbsp;km. from [[Guwahati]], the headquarters of the Kamrup(M) district of [[Assam]]. Nazirakhat is a rural area surrounded by peace-loving people of diverse caste, religion and language; yet it presents the unique feature of unity in diversity. Nazirakhat is linked by a PWD road from the National Highway No. 37. It is about 800 metres from NH-37. Nazirakhat is linked by road with the rest of the state and the country. The institute is surrounded by greenery and it is near to the Air-India flying base at Sonapur.
The institute's campus is at Nazirakhat, Sonapur, about 32&nbsp;km from [[Guwahati]], the headquarters of the Kamrup(M) district of [[Assam]]. Nazirakhat is a rural area surrounded by peace-loving people of diverse caste, religion, and language, yet it presents the unique feature of unity in diversity. Nazirakhat is linked by a PWD road from the National Highway No. 37. It is about 800 metres from NH-37. Nazirakhat is connected by road with the rest of the state and the country. The institute is surrounded by greenery near the Air-India flying base at Sonapur.
[[File:Natural view 1 @ CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|A waterfall near the campus]]
[[File:Natural view 1 @ CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|A waterfall near the campus]]
[[File:Natural view 2 @ CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|Another view of the water fall near campus]]
[[File:Natural view 2 @ CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|Another view of the water fall near campus]]


==== Publication ====
==== Publication ====
Several research papers have been published after the establishment of the institute in journals like Phys. Scr.,<ref>{{cite journal | last=Saikia | first=Bipul J | last2=Nambu | first2=Mitsuhiro | title=Plasma–maser Instability in Magnetized Dusty Plasma | journal=Physica Scripta | publisher=IOP Publishing | volume=59 | issue=1 | date=1999-01-01 | issn=0031-8949 | doi=10.1238/physica.regular.059a00062 | pages=62–65}}</ref> Phys. Lett. A,<ref>{{cite journal | last=Nambu | first=M. | last2=Saikia | first2=B.J. | last3=Gyobu | first3=D. | last4=Sakai | first4=J.I. | title=Nonlinear plasma maser driven by electron beam instability | journal=Physics Letters A | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=252 | issue=3-4 | year=1999 | issn=0375-9601 | doi=10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00944-x | pages=198–204}}</ref> Phys. Rev. Lett.<ref>D. Sarmah and S. Sen: Axial flow and Rayleigh-Taylor instability, Phys. Rev. Lett. (1999). Communicated.</ref> and so on <ref>[http://www.cpp.faithweb.com/publ.html See the list of publications]</ref>
Research papers have been published in journals like Phys after the institute's establishment. Scr.,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Saikia | first1=Bipul J | last2=Nambu | first2=Mitsuhiro | title=Plasma–maser Instability in Magnetized Dusty Plasma | journal=Physica Scripta | publisher=IOP Publishing | volume=59 | issue=1 | date=1999-01-01 | issn=0031-8949 | doi=10.1238/physica.regular.059a00062 | pages=62–65| bibcode=1999PhyS...59...62S | s2cid=250859263 }}</ref> Phys. Lett. A,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Nambu | first1=M. | last2=Saikia | first2=B.J. | last3=Gyobu | first3=D. | last4=Sakai | first4=J.I. | title=Nonlinear plasma maser driven by electron beam instability | journal=Physics Letters A | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=252 | issue=3–4 | year=1999 | issn=0375-9601 | doi=10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00944-x | pages=198–204| bibcode=1999PhLA..252..198N }}</ref> Phys. Rev. Lett.<ref>D. Sarmah and S. Sen: Axial flow and Rayleigh-Taylor instability, Phys. Rev. Lett. (1999). Communicated.</ref> and so on<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpp.faithweb.com/publ.html|title=Centre of Plasma Physics/Research Publications|website=cpp.faithweb.com}}</ref>


==== Collaboration ====
==== Collaboration ====
The Centre of Plasma Physics - Institute for Plasma Research has active collaboration with the following Institutes/ Universities:
The Centre collaborates with the following institutes and universities:


[[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]], Bombay; [[Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology]], Indore; Institute for Plasma Research, Gandinagar; IPP, Juelich, Germany; IPP, Garching, Germany; [[Kyushu University]], Fukuoka, Japan; [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad; [[National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology]], Bhubaneswar; [[Ruhr University Bochum]], Bochum, Germany; [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta; [[St. Andrews University]], UK; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, Tokyo; [[University of Bayreuth]], Germany; [[University of Kyoto]], Japan.
The [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]], Bombay; [[Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology]], Indore; Institute for Plasma Research, Gandinagar; IPP, Juelich, Germany; IPP, Garching, Germany; [[Kyushu University]], Fukuoka, Japan; [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad; [[National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology]], Bhubaneswar; [[Ruhr University Bochum]], Bochum, Germany; [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta; [[St. Andrews University]], UK; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, Tokyo; [[University of Bayreuth]], Germany; and [[University of Kyoto]], Japan.


==== Awards & Recognition ====
==== Recognition ====
* S. Sen, Associate Professor, had been awarded EPSRC Professorship Award (1998), UK; JSPS Professorship Award (1999), Japan; Junior Membership Award (1999), Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK; and Associateship Award (1999-2005), ICTP, Trieste, Italy.  
* S. Sen, Associate Professor, was awarded EPSRC Professorship Award (1998), UK; JSPS Professorship Award (1999), Japan; Junior Membership Award (1999), Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK; and Associateship Award (1999–2005), ICTP, Trieste, Italy.
* S.R. Mohanty, presently Assistant Professor, had been awarded Ph.D. degree by the University of Delhi for his thesis entitled "X-ray studies on dense plasma focus and plasma processing".  
* S.R. Mohanty, presently assistant professor, was awarded PhD degree by the University of Delhi for his thesis entitled "X-ray studies on dense plasma focus and plasma processing".
* M. Kakati, Research Scientist, had been awarded Senior Research Fellowship of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (1999-2001).
* M. Kakati, Research Scientist, was awarded a Senior Research Fellowship of the {{nat|Council}} of Scientific & Industrial Research (1999–2001).
* K. R. Rajkhowa, had been awarded Plasma Science Society of India Fellowship for the year 1999.  
* K. R. Rajkhowa, was awarded the Plasma Science Society of India Fellowship in 1999.
* B.J. Saikia, Research Scientist, had been awarded Japan Society for the Promotion of Science post doctoral fellowship for two years in 1999.  
* B.J. Saikia, Research Scientist, was awarded Japan Society for the Promotion of Science post-doctoral fellowship for two years in 1999.  
* B. Kakati, Research Scholar, has been awarded the BUTI Young Scientist Award in 2011.<ref>[http://www.butifoundation.org/education.htm List of people who got the award]</ref><ref>[http://www.pssi.in/documents/buti_young_scientist_award.html List of people who got the award]</ref>
* B. Kakati, Research Scholar, was awarded the BUTI Young Scientist Award in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.butifoundation.org/education.htm|title=List of people who got the award|access-date=20 August 2013|archive-date=3 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903095959/http://butifoundation.org/education.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pssi.in/documents/buti_young_scientist_award.html|title=Buti Young Scientist Award|website=pssi.in}}</ref>


=== ITER-India ===
=== ITER-India ===
ITER will be built mostly through in-kind contributions from the participant countries (Parties) in the form of components manufactured by the Parties and delivered/installed at ITER.
ITER will be built mostly through in-kind contributions from the participant countries in the form of components manufactured delivered/installed at ITER.


ITER-India   [http://www.iter-india.org/]  is the Indian Domestic Agency (DA), formed with the responsibility to provide to ITER the Indian contribution.
ITER-India is the Indian Domestic Agency (DA), formed with the responsibility to provide ITER the Indian contribution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iter-india.org/|title=ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research|publisher=ITER-India|website=iter-india.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211030150/https://iter-india.org/|archive-date=11 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iter.org/newsline/2/1167|title=ITER-India|website=ITER}}</ref>
<ref>https://www.iter.org/newsline/2/1167</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Aditya (tokamak)]]
* [[Aditya (tokamak)]]
* [[Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR)]]
* [[Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR)|Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)]]
* [[Department of Atomic Energy]]
* [[Department of Atomic Energy]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 95: Line 99:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060218123745/http://www.ipr.res.in/projects.html Aditya tokamak]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060218123745/http://www.ipr.res.in/projects.html Aditya tokamak]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620232825/http://www.ipr.res.in/sst1/SST-1.html SST-1 Tokamak]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620232825/http://www.ipr.res.in/sst1/SST-1.html SST-1 Tokamak]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060610015659/http://agrajit.netfirms.com/rf_home.html RF Group at IPR]
* [http://www.plasmaindia.com Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies]
* [http://www.plasmaindia.com Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies]


Latest revision as of 22:37, 11 January 2026


Institute for Plasma Research
Established1986 (40 years ago) (1986)
Research typeTheoretical & Applied research
Field of research
Plasma Physics
DirectorDr. Shashank Chaturvedi
Staff700 (app.) (200 Scientists & Engineers)
LocationGandhinagar, Gujarat, India
23°05′52″N 72°37′34″E / 23.09778°N 72.62611°E / 23.09778; 72.62611
382428
AffiliationsDepartment of Atomic Energy
Websitewww.ipr.res.in
Panoramic view of Institute for Plasma Research main building.

The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR)[1] is a public research institute in India. The institute conducts research in plasma science, including basic plasma physics, magnetically confined hot plasmas, and plasma technologies for industrial applications. It is the leading plasma physics organization of India and houses the largest tokamak of India - SST1. IPR plays a major scientific and technical role in Indian partnership in the international fusion energy initiative ITER. It is part of the IndiGO[2] consortium for research on gravitational waves.[3] It is an autonomous body funded by the Department of Atomic Energy.

Template:Toclimit

History[edit | edit source]

In 1982, the Government of India initiated the Plasma Physics Programme (PPP) for research on magnetically confined high-temperature plasmas.

In 1986, the PPP evolved into the autonomous Institute for Plasma Research under the Department of Science and Technology.

With the commissioning of ADITYA in 1989, full-fledged tokamak experiments started at IPR.[4] A 1995 decision led to the second generation superconducting steady-state tokamak SST-1, capable of 1000-second operation.[clarification needed] Due to this, the institute grew rapidly and came under the Department of Atomic Energy.[5] The industrial plasma activities were reorganized under the Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT) and moved to a separate campus in Gandhinagar in 1998.[6]

Location[edit | edit source]

The institute is located on the banks of Sabarmati River in Gandhinagar district. It is approximately midway between the cities of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar. It is 5 km from the Ahmedabad airport and 14 km from the Ahmedabad railway station.[7]

Remote campuses[edit | edit source]

Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies[edit | edit source]

The Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT) works in industrial plasma technologies. The centre was set up in 1997 to promote, foster, develop, demonstrate, and transfer industrially relevant plasma-based technologies to industries, thus enabling technology commercialization. The centre acts as an interface between the institute and industries. While working on industrial projects, FCIPT maintained and improved its R&D strengths and, at the same time, advanced industrial uses.

FCIPT works with national and international industries, such as Johnson & Johnson, ASP Ethicon Inc. USA, UVSYSTEC GmbH Germany, Thermax India Ltd., Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., IPCL, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., NHPC Ltd., GE India Technology Centre Bangalore, BHEL, Triton Valves Ltd. Mysore, etc. and organizations such as BARC, DRDO, ISRO, IIT Kharagpur, National Aerospace Laboratories, and other CSIR labs. FCIPT has a material characterization laboratory with instruments such as Transmission Electron Microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with EDAX, Atomic Force Microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Spectroscopic Ellipsometer, UV-VIS spectroscopy, solar simulator, thickness profilometer, optical metallurgical microscope with phase analyser, full-fledged metallography laboratory, Vickers hardness tester, and an ASTM B117 corrosion testing setup. Other infrastructure include electronics and instrumentation lab, process demonstration systems, etc.[8]

FCIPT developed technologies related to waste remediation and recovery of energy from waste, surface hardening, and heat treatment technologies such as plasma nitriding and plasma nitrocarburising, plasma-assisted metallization technologies using magnetron sputter deposition, Plasma-enhanced CVD for functional coatings on substrates, plasma melting, plasma diagnostics, and space-related plasma technologies.

Ion irradiation-induced patterning of semiconductor materials and amorphous solids is another focus. To this end, a § Broad-beam ion sources are used to generate patterns such as nanoripples or nanodots and are coated with silver for research in plasmonics.

Center of Plasma Physics – Institute for Plasma Research (CPP-IPR)[edit | edit source]

The Centre of Plasma Physics is an autonomous institute that pursues basic research in theoretical and experimental plasma physics.[9] Its Governing Council consists of four scientists with representatives from the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay, and Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta; state government officers and local members.

History[edit | edit source]

Founder of CPP-IPR Prof. S. Bujarbarua

The government of Assam established the Centre of Plasma Physics in 1991.[9] The centre started functioning in April 1991 in a rented house located at Saptaswahid Pathi. The first chairman of the Governing Council was Professor Predhiman Krishan Kaw (died 18 June 2017[10]) a world-renowned plasma scientist. After its three-year term, the Governing Council was reconstituted by the Education Department with Prof. A.C. Das, Dean of Physical Research Laboratory as its chairman. The founding director of the centre, Prof. Sarbeswar Bujarbarua, is a distinguished plasma scientist and a recipient of the 'Vikram Sarabhai Research Award' in 1989 and Kamal Kumari National Award[11] in 1993.

Thereafter, the centre opened theoretical investigations in fundamental plasma processes such as nonlinear phenomena, instabilities, dusty plasma. It has set up facilities for conducting basic plasma physics experiments. Funds are available from several central government agencies (e.g. the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology), the centre has taken up experimental programs in the frontline areas of plasma physics, such as dense plasma focus and dusty plasma. The centre has published more than 50 original research papers. The scientists work in close collaboration with national and international institutes like the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar; Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay; Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta, Kyushu University, Japan; University of Bayreuth, Germany; Culham Laboratory, UK; and Flinders University, Australia. The centre runs a PhD programme with students registering with Guwahati University. Another component of the academic activity of the centre consists of holding lecturers and colloquia on plasma physics and other branches of physical sciences.

The Centre of Plasma Physics, Institute for Plasma Research, Sonapur, Kamrup, Assam, became a new campus of IPR as the Centre of Plasma Physics, Sonapur, was formally merged with IPR effective 29 May 2009. CPP-IPR is headed by Centre Director Dr K. S. Goswami and is managed by a Managing Board headed by the director of IPR. It has twelve faculty members, fourteen other staff and research scholars and project scientists. The research is oriented towards essential plasma physics and programs that complement the significant programmes at IPR.

Campus[edit | edit source]

The institute's campus is at Nazirakhat, Sonapur, about 32 km from Guwahati, the headquarters of the Kamrup(M) district of Assam. Nazirakhat is a rural area surrounded by peace-loving people of diverse caste, religion, and language, yet it presents the unique feature of unity in diversity. Nazirakhat is linked by a PWD road from the National Highway No. 37. It is about 800 metres from NH-37. Nazirakhat is connected by road with the rest of the state and the country. The institute is surrounded by greenery near the Air-India flying base at Sonapur.

A waterfall near the campus
Another view of the water fall near campus

Publication[edit | edit source]

Research papers have been published in journals like Phys after the institute's establishment. Scr.,[12] Phys. Lett. A,[13] Phys. Rev. Lett.[14] and so on[15]

Collaboration[edit | edit source]

The Centre collaborates with the following institutes and universities:

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay; Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore; Institute for Plasma Research, Gandinagar; IPP, Juelich, Germany; IPP, Garching, Germany; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Bhubaneswar; Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta; St. Andrews University, UK; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, Tokyo; University of Bayreuth, Germany; and University of Kyoto, Japan.

Recognition[edit | edit source]

  • S. Sen, Associate Professor, was awarded EPSRC Professorship Award (1998), UK; JSPS Professorship Award (1999), Japan; Junior Membership Award (1999), Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK; and Associateship Award (1999–2005), ICTP, Trieste, Italy.
  • S.R. Mohanty, presently assistant professor, was awarded PhD degree by the University of Delhi for his thesis entitled "X-ray studies on dense plasma focus and plasma processing".
  • M. Kakati, Research Scientist, was awarded a Senior Research Fellowship of the Template:Nat of Scientific & Industrial Research (1999–2001).
  • K. R. Rajkhowa, was awarded the Plasma Science Society of India Fellowship in 1999.
  • B.J. Saikia, Research Scientist, was awarded Japan Society for the Promotion of Science post-doctoral fellowship for two years in 1999.
  • B. Kakati, Research Scholar, was awarded the BUTI Young Scientist Award in 2011.[16][17]

ITER-India[edit | edit source]

ITER will be built mostly through in-kind contributions from the participant countries in the form of components manufactured delivered/installed at ITER.

ITER-India is the Indian Domestic Agency (DA), formed with the responsibility to provide ITER the Indian contribution.[18][19]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "IPR Gandhinagar team proposes roadmap for India's fusion power plans". The Hindu. 26 September 2025. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  2. ↑ Paul John (18 February 2016). "IPR to build world's most powerful gravity-sensing LIGO". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  3. ↑ "Gravitational Waves Detection: How Indian Institutes Pitched in With Research". 12 February 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  4. ↑ "Projects". Institute for Plasma Research. Archived from the original on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 3 March 2006.
  5. ↑ http://www.hbni.ac.in/cis/ipr.html [dead link]
  6. ↑ "History of the Institute". Institute for Plasma Research. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007.
  7. ↑ "Location". Institute for Plasma Research. Archived from the original on 4 May 2007.
  8. ↑ "About Us". Institute for Plasma Research. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 List of institutions of higher education in Assam
  10. ↑ "Staff Page, Institute for Plasma Research". Institute for Plasma Research. 1 February 2010. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  11. ↑ Hueiyen News Service (20 April 2009). "Syam Sharma selected for Kamal Kumari Award". New Delhi: e-pao.net. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
  12. ↑ Saikia, Bipul J; Nambu, Mitsuhiro (1 January 1999). "Plasma–maser Instability in Magnetized Dusty Plasma". Physica Scripta. 59 (1). IOP Publishing: 62–65. Bibcode:1999PhyS...59...62S. doi:10.1238/physica.regular.059a00062. ISSN 0031-8949. S2CID 250859263.
  13. ↑ Nambu, M.; Saikia, B.J.; Gyobu, D.; Sakai, J.I. (1999). "Nonlinear plasma maser driven by electron beam instability". Physics Letters A. 252 (3–4). Elsevier BV: 198–204. Bibcode:1999PhLA..252..198N. doi:10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00944-x. ISSN 0375-9601.
  14. ↑ D. Sarmah and S. Sen: Axial flow and Rayleigh-Taylor instability, Phys. Rev. Lett. (1999). Communicated.
  15. ↑ "Centre of Plasma Physics/Research Publications". cpp.faithweb.com.
  16. ↑ "List of people who got the award". Archived from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  17. ↑ "Buti Young Scientist Award". pssi.in.
  18. ↑ "ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research". iter-india.org. ITER-India. Archived from the original on 11 February 2025.
  19. ↑ "ITER-India". ITER.

External links[edit | edit source]

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