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{{Short description|Communist party faction}} | {{Short description|Communist party faction}} | ||
{{ | {{Distinguish|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}} | {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}} | ||
{{Indcom}} | {{Indcom}} | ||
'''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Flag''' (CPI (ML) Red Flag) was | '''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Flag''' (CPI(ML) Red Flag) was a [[political party]] in [[India]] (1988-2005). | ||
The party emerged in 1988, following a split in the [[K. Venu (Kerala)|K. Venu]]-led [[Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|Central Reorganisation Committee, CPI(ML)]] in the wake of the 1987 second conference of CRC, CPI(ML) as a large section of the latter organisation in Kerala broke away and formed its own party.<ref name=crya>Chinna Rao Yagati. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=XefsAAAAMAAJ Perspectives on Economic Development and Social Change: Essays in Honour of Professor K.S. Chalam]''. Rawat Publications, 2009. p. 255</ref> The [[Andhra Pradesh]]-based group of Raouf (which had been part of the CRC, CPI(ML) as well) joined the CPI(ML) Red Flag.<ref name=crya/> CPI(ML) Red Flag differed from other ML factions by claiming that India was a 'neo-colony'.<ref name=hth>{{cite news|newspaper=Frontier|author=Harsh Thakor|url=https://frontierweekly.com/archive/vol-number/vol/vol-43-2010-11/vol-43-12-15/polemics-43-12-15.pdf|title=Maoist Polemics–The Mass Line|date=October 2010}}</ref> It upheld Marxism-Leninism Mao Tse-Tung Thought as its ideological line, and rejected the term '[[Marxism-Leninism-Maoism|Maoism]]' whilst they also rejected the [[Three Worlds Theory]].<ref name=hth/> In contrast to K. Venu, CPI(ML) Red Flag upheld the concept of the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]] rather than K. Venu's concept on the national question.<ref name=hth/> The party argued that armed struggle required to be substantiated by mass organizations.<ref name=hth/> In its early phase (1988-1992) the CPI(ML) Red Flag sought to promote unity among communist revolutionary groups, and organized seminars and published open theoretical journals on Leninist polemics.<ref name=hth/> Eventually the party exited its underground existence and began operating openly.<ref name=hth/> | |||
The CPI(ML) Red Flag main base of support was in [[Kerala]], where it emerged as the major ML faction. It also expanded to other states including [[Karnataka]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Odisha]]. The party head office was located in [[Delhi]]. | |||
[[File:CPIML poster in Varkala 2004.jpg|thumb|left|CPI (ML) Red Flag poster in [[Kerala]]]] | |||
The first All India Secretary of the party was [[Arup Majumdar]], followed by [[K.N. Ramachandran]], [[Souren Bose]] was one top leader from the original CPI (ML) to have joined this party. Bose became the West Bengal State Committee of CPI(ML) Red Flag.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Countercurrents|title=Tribute to Souren Bose on 25th death anniversary|url=https://countercurrents.org/2022/08/tribute-to-souren-bose-on-25th-death-anniversary/}}</ref> He died in 1997 while on a party tour in [[Mumbai]]. | |||
The | The main mass organisation of the party was the [[Trade Union Centre of India]] (TUCI). Regional mass organisations of the party included [[Yuvajanavedi]], '''Kerala Vidyarthi Sanghatana''' (Kerala Students Organisation, a student's wing) and '''Janakeeya Kala Sahitya Vedi''' (a cultural front) in Kerala, and [[Adivasi Democratic Front]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. CPI(ML) Red Flag published Red Star ([[English language|English]]), ''Iykya Horatta'' ([[Kannada]]) and ''Saghavu'' ([[Malayalam]]). | ||
In 2003 a large section of the party in [[Kerala]], including the majority in the Kerala State Committee, broke away, and | ==2003 split== | ||
In 2003 a large section of the party in [[Kerala]], including the majority in the Kerala State Committee, broke away, and created a parallel [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag (Unnichekkan)|CPI(ML) Red Flag]].<ref name=ama>{{cite news|newspaper=Frontier|url=https://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-51/51-1/51-1-Bhangor.html|title=Bhangor: Continuing Conflict|author=Arup Majumder|date=July 2018}}</ref> The split was led by the Kerala state secretary of the party, [[P.C. Unnichekkan]]. That party continued to use the name CPI(ML) Red Flag and supported [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]] in Kerala.<ref name=ama/> | |||
Ahead of the [[Lok Sabha]] elections in 2004 CPI(ML) Red Flag and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal)|CPI (ML)]] took the initiative to form a united front of revolutionary communists. In that front they were able to gather, more than CPI (ML) and CPI (ML) Red Flag, [[Centre of Communist Revolutionaries]] ([[West Bengal]]), [[Lal Nishan Party (Leninvadi)]], [[Marxist Communist Party of India]], [[Marxist-Leninist Committee]], [[New Socialist Movement, Gujarat]], [[Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]] and [[Bhagat Singh Vichar Manch]]. | ==Unification with Sanyal group== | ||
Ahead of the [[Lok Sabha]] elections in 2004 the K.N. Ramachandran-led CPI(ML) Red Flag and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal)|CPI (ML)]] took the initiative to form a united front of revolutionary communists. In that front they were able to gather, more than CPI (ML) and CPI (ML) Red Flag, [[Centre of Communist Revolutionaries]] ([[West Bengal]]), [[Lal Nishan Party (Leninvadi)]], [[Marxist Communist Party of India]], [[Marxist-Leninist Committee]], [[New Socialist Movement, Gujarat]], [[Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]] and [[Bhagat Singh Vichar Manch]]. | |||
In [[Kerala]] a Left Front was formed ahead of the elections together with [[BTR-EMS-AKG Janakeeya Samskarika Vedi]] of V.B. Cheriyan. | In [[Kerala]] a Left Front was formed ahead of the elections together with [[BTR-EMS-AKG Janakeeya Samskarika Vedi]] of V.B. Cheriyan.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Times of India|title=New left front formed|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/new-left-front-formed/articleshow/545501.cms|date=March 8, 2004}}</ref> | ||
CPI (ML) Red Flag merged with [[Kanu Sanyal]]'s [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal)|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]] at a unity conference in [[Vijayawada]] January 2005 | CPI (ML) Red Flag merged with [[Kanu Sanyal]]'s [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal)|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]] at a unity conference in [[Vijayawada]] January 2005 | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[:Category:Mass organisations of CPI(ML) Red Flag]] | *[[:Category:Mass organisations of CPI(ML) Red Flag]] | ||
* [[ | *[[List of Naxalite and Maoist groups in India]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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[[Category:International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)]] | [[Category:International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)]] | ||
[[Category:Defunct Maoist organisations in India]] | [[Category:Defunct Maoist organisations in India]] | ||
[[Category:Naxalite groups]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:55, 28 March 2026
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Flag (CPI(ML) Red Flag) was a political party in India (1988-2005).
The party emerged in 1988, following a split in the K. Venu-led Central Reorganisation Committee, CPI(ML) in the wake of the 1987 second conference of CRC, CPI(ML) as a large section of the latter organisation in Kerala broke away and formed its own party.[1] The Andhra Pradesh-based group of Raouf (which had been part of the CRC, CPI(ML) as well) joined the CPI(ML) Red Flag.[1] CPI(ML) Red Flag differed from other ML factions by claiming that India was a 'neo-colony'.[2] It upheld Marxism-Leninism Mao Tse-Tung Thought as its ideological line, and rejected the term 'Maoism' whilst they also rejected the Three Worlds Theory.[2] In contrast to K. Venu, CPI(ML) Red Flag upheld the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat rather than K. Venu's concept on the national question.[2] The party argued that armed struggle required to be substantiated by mass organizations.[2] In its early phase (1988-1992) the CPI(ML) Red Flag sought to promote unity among communist revolutionary groups, and organized seminars and published open theoretical journals on Leninist polemics.[2] Eventually the party exited its underground existence and began operating openly.[2]
The CPI(ML) Red Flag main base of support was in Kerala, where it emerged as the major ML faction. It also expanded to other states including Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and Odisha. The party head office was located in Delhi.
The first All India Secretary of the party was Arup Majumdar, followed by K.N. Ramachandran, Souren Bose was one top leader from the original CPI (ML) to have joined this party. Bose became the West Bengal State Committee of CPI(ML) Red Flag.[3] He died in 1997 while on a party tour in Mumbai.
The main mass organisation of the party was the Trade Union Centre of India (TUCI). Regional mass organisations of the party included Yuvajanavedi, Kerala Vidyarthi Sanghatana (Kerala Students Organisation, a student's wing) and Janakeeya Kala Sahitya Vedi (a cultural front) in Kerala, and Adivasi Democratic Front in Madhya Pradesh. CPI(ML) Red Flag published Red Star (English), Iykya Horatta (Kannada) and Saghavu (Malayalam).
2003 split[edit | edit source]
In 2003 a large section of the party in Kerala, including the majority in the Kerala State Committee, broke away, and created a parallel CPI(ML) Red Flag.[4] The split was led by the Kerala state secretary of the party, P.C. Unnichekkan. That party continued to use the name CPI(ML) Red Flag and supported Left Democratic Front in Kerala.[4]
Unification with Sanyal group[edit | edit source]
Ahead of the Lok Sabha elections in 2004 the K.N. Ramachandran-led CPI(ML) Red Flag and CPI (ML) took the initiative to form a united front of revolutionary communists. In that front they were able to gather, more than CPI (ML) and CPI (ML) Red Flag, Centre of Communist Revolutionaries (West Bengal), Lal Nishan Party (Leninvadi), Marxist Communist Party of India, Marxist-Leninist Committee, New Socialist Movement, Gujarat, Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) and Bhagat Singh Vichar Manch.
In Kerala a Left Front was formed ahead of the elections together with BTR-EMS-AKG Janakeeya Samskarika Vedi of V.B. Cheriyan.[5]
CPI (ML) Red Flag merged with Kanu Sanyal's Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) at a unity conference in Vijayawada January 2005
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chinna Rao Yagati. Perspectives on Economic Development and Social Change: Essays in Honour of Professor K.S. Chalam. Rawat Publications, 2009. p. 255
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Harsh Thakor (October 2010). "Maoist Polemics–The Mass Line" (PDF). Frontier.
- ↑ "Tribute to Souren Bose on 25th death anniversary". Countercurrents.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Arup Majumder (July 2018). "Bhangor: Continuing Conflict". Frontier.
- ↑ "New left front formed". Times of India. 8 March 2004.