Charu Majumdar
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Charu Majumdar (15 May 1919 – 28 July 1972), popularly known as CM, was a communist leader from India, and founder and chief theoretician of the Naxalite movement.[1] Born into a progressive landlord family in Siliguri in 1918, he became a Communist during the Indian Independence Movement, and later formed the militant Naxalite cause. During this period, he authored the historic accounts of the 1967 Naxalbari uprising and his writings— particularly the Historic Eight Documents— have become part of the ideology which guides Naxal movement.[2]
Charu Majumdar | |
|---|---|
| File:Charu Majumdar.jpg Majumdar at a CPIML rally in Kolkata, 2021 | |
| Born | 15 May 1919 |
| Died | 28 July 1972 (aged 53) Calcutta, West Bengal, India |
| Alma mater | University of North Bengal Siliguri College Pabna Edward College |
| Office | General Secretary of CPI(ML) |
| Term | 1969–1972 |
| Political party | Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Criminal charge(s) | Criminal conspiracy |
| Criminal penalty | Jailed |
| Criminal status | Death in jail |
| Spouse(s) | Lila Mazumdar Sengupta |
| Children | 1 |
BiographyEdit
Majumdar was born in 1919 in Matualaloi, Rajshahi (now Siliguri) to the Zamindar family.[3][4] His father was a freedom fighter during the Indian independence movement. Majumdar dropped out of college in 1938.
After dropping out, Majumdar joined the then banned Communist Party of India (CPI) to work in its peasant front. Soon an arrest warrant forced him to go underground for the first time as a leftist activist. Although the CPI was banned at the outbreak of World War II, he continued CPI activities among peasants and was made a member of the CPI Jalpaiguri district committee in 1942. The promotion emboldened him to organize a 'seizure of crops' campaign in Jalpaiguri during the Great Famine of 1943, more or less successfully.[2] In 1946, he joined the Tebhaga movement in the Jalpaiguri region and embarked on a proletariat militant struggle in North Bengal.[5] The stir shaped his vision of a revolutionary struggle. Later he worked among tea garden workers in Darjeeling.
The CPI was banned in 1948 and he spent the next three years in jail. In January 1952 he married Lila Mazumdar Sengupta, a fellow CPI member from Jalpaiguri. The couple moved to Siliguri, which was the center of Majumdar's activities for a few years. He was briefly imprisoned in 1962.
During the mid-1960s Majumdar organized a leftist faction in Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) in northern Bengal. In 1967, a militant peasant uprising took place in Naxalbari, led by his comrade-in-arms Kanu Sanyal. This group would later be known as the Naxalites, and eight articles written by him at this time—known as the Historic Eight Documents—have been seen as providing their ideological foundation: arguing that revolution must take the path of armed struggle on the pattern of the Chinese revolution. The same year, Majumdar broke away and formed the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries which in 1969 founded the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)—with Majumdar as its General Secretary. He was captured at his hideout on 16 July 1972 at 3 am by officer Ranjit Guha Niyogi (alias Runu Guha Niyogi) and his team. He died of a massive heart attack at 4 am on 28 July 1972 – aged 53 – in the same lock-up, the CPI (ML) records say.
The radical leftist movement in India has seen many ideological splits since Majumdar's death.[6] The Communist Party of India (Maoist) observes Martyrs Week in the last week of July in remembrance of Majumdar's death, where members revisit his ideology and memorialise his influence on their movement.[7]
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Roy, Arundhati (29 March 2010). "Walking With The Comrades". Outlook India. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Charu Majumdar – The Father of Naxalism". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
- ↑ "नक्सल आंदोलन इन्होंने शुरू किया, आज उनके नाम पर आतंकवादी घूमते हैं". thelallantop.
- ↑ "Naxalbari@50: Maoist uprising was sparked by this tribal woman leader". hindustantimes. 23 May 2017.
- ↑ Banerjee, Rabi (3 July 2016). "The man India loves to forget". theweek.in. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Kujur, Rajat (2009). "Naxal conflict in 2008: an assessment" (PDF). Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies.
- ↑ Bhattacharjee, Sumit (31 July 2020). "Is Charu Majumdar's ideology relevant today?". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 18 October 2021.