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{{Short description|Indian geostationary communications satellite}} | |||
{{Infobox spaceflight | {{Infobox spaceflight | ||
| name = INSAT-2D | | name = INSAT-2D | ||
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| trans_EIRP = | | trans_EIRP = | ||
| trans_HPBW = | | trans_HPBW = | ||
| programme = [[Indian National Satellite System|INSAT]] | |||
| previous_mission = [[INSAT-2C]] | |||
| next_mission = [[INSAT-2DT]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''INSAT-2D''' was an Indian [[communications satellite]]. Launched on 4 June 1997, and similar to [[INSAT-2C]], INSAT-2D went out of order on October 4, 1997, because of a power inconsistency problem and was later replaced by [[INSAT-2DT]], an in-orbit satellite which was previously known as ARABSAT-1C. The main aim of the satellite was improved communication.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=INSAT-2D - ISRO|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/insat-2d|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200518/https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/insat-2d|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=INSAT-2D|url=https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/index.php/insat-2d|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.vssc.gov.in|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201825/https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/index.php/insat-2d|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the INSAT-2 ([[Indian National Satellite System]]) series, INSAT-2D was the fourth consecutive communication satellite. The satellite was launched using an [[Ariane 4]] rocket from [[French Guiana]].<ref name=":0" /> | '''INSAT-2D''' was an Indian [[communications satellite]]. Launched on 4 June 1997, and similar to [[INSAT-2C]], INSAT-2D went out of order on October 4, 1997, because of a power inconsistency problem and was later replaced by [[INSAT-2DT]], an in-orbit satellite which was previously known as ARABSAT-1C. The main aim of the satellite was improved communication.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=INSAT-2D - ISRO|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/insat-2d|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200518/https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/insat-2d|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=INSAT-2D|url=https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/index.php/insat-2d|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.vssc.gov.in|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201825/https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/index.php/insat-2d|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the INSAT-2 ([[Indian National Satellite System]]) series, INSAT-2D was the fourth consecutive communication satellite. The satellite was launched using an [[Ariane 4]] rocket from [[French Guiana]].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
The satellite was placed into [[geostationary orbit]] at an inclination of 93.5 degrees east.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Welcome To ISRO :: Satellites :: Geo-Stationary Satellite :: INSAT-2D|url=http://resource.itschool.gov.in/physics-web/isro/www.isro.org/satellites/insat-2d.html|access-date=2021-06-18|website=resource.itschool.gov.in}}</ref> INSAT-2D's lift-off mass was {{convert|2079|kg|abbr=on}} with [[propellant]]s of which {{convert|995|kg|abbr=on}} were the dry weight.<ref name=":1" /> The satellite was expected to have a nominal lifespan of around 7–9 years.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Insat 2C, 2D|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-2c.htm|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Gunter's Space Page|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> The onboard power of the satellite was estimated to be 1,650 watts.<ref name=":1" /> | The satellite was placed into [[geostationary orbit]] at an inclination of 93.5 degrees east.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Welcome To ISRO :: Satellites :: Geo-Stationary Satellite :: INSAT-2D|url=http://resource.itschool.gov.in/physics-web/isro/www.isro.org/satellites/insat-2d.html|access-date=2021-06-18|website=resource.itschool.gov.in}}</ref> INSAT-2D's lift-off mass was {{convert|2079|kg|abbr=on}} with [[propellant]]s of which {{convert|995|kg|abbr=on}} were the dry weight.<ref name=":1" /> The satellite was expected to have a nominal lifespan of around 7–9 years.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Insat 2C, 2D|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-2c.htm|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Gunter's Space Page|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> But it became inoperable just four months later on 4 October 1997, due to a power bus anomaly and associated problems, most likely a short circuit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INSAT-2D |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/INSAT_2D.html?timeline=timeline#:~:text=INSAT-2D%20Home%20/%20Activities%20/,Orbit |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> The onboard power of the satellite was estimated to be 1,650 watts.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
[[File:BepiColombo NBO 2020-04-10.webm|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Insat-2D, imaged at [[Northolt Branch Observatories]], satellite can be seen as a bright spot passing by fast. [[BepiColombo]] satellite of [[JAXA]] can also be seen as a dot moving slowly across the screen.]] | |||
Its communication payload consisted of 16C-band [[transponder]]s (extended C-band, for [[fixed-satellite service]]), two high-power C-band transponders (for [[broadcasting-satellite service]], BSS), one S-band transponder (for BSS), one C/S-band mobile communication transponder, and three [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub>-band]] transponders.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> | Its communication payload consisted of 16C-band [[transponder]]s (extended C-band, for [[fixed-satellite service]]), two high-power C-band transponders (for [[broadcasting-satellite service]], BSS), one S-band transponder (for BSS), one C/S-band mobile communication transponder, and three [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub>-band]] transponders.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> | ||
Latest revision as of 16:28, 24 November 2025
| Mission type | Multipurpose communication |
|---|---|
| Operator | INSAT |
| COSPAR ID | {{#property:P247}} |
| Mission duration | 7 Years |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Manufacturer | ISRO |
| Launch mass | 2,079 kg (4,583 lb) |
| Dry mass | 995 kg (2,194 lb) |
| Power | 1650 watts |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 4 June 1997 |
| Rocket | Ariane-4 |
| Launch site | French Guiana |
| End of mission | |
| Deactivated | 4 Oct, 1997 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Geostationary |
| Longitude | 93.5 Degree East |
INSAT-2D was an Indian communications satellite. Launched on 4 June 1997, and similar to INSAT-2C, INSAT-2D went out of order on October 4, 1997, because of a power inconsistency problem and was later replaced by INSAT-2DT, an in-orbit satellite which was previously known as ARABSAT-1C. The main aim of the satellite was improved communication.[1][2] In the INSAT-2 (Indian National Satellite System) series, INSAT-2D was the fourth consecutive communication satellite. The satellite was launched using an Ariane 4 rocket from French Guiana.[2]
The satellite was placed into geostationary orbit at an inclination of 93.5 degrees east.[3] INSAT-2D's lift-off mass was 2,079 kg (4,583 lb) with propellants of which 995 kg (2,194 lb) were the dry weight.[1] The satellite was expected to have a nominal lifespan of around 7–9 years.[4][3] But it became inoperable just four months later on 4 October 1997, due to a power bus anomaly and associated problems, most likely a short circuit.[5] The onboard power of the satellite was estimated to be 1,650 watts.[1]
File:BepiColombo NBO 2020-04-10.webm
Its communication payload consisted of 16C-band transponders (extended C-band, for fixed-satellite service), two high-power C-band transponders (for broadcasting-satellite service, BSS), one S-band transponder (for BSS), one C/S-band mobile communication transponder, and three Ku-band transponders.[1][2][3][4]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "INSAT-2D - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "INSAT-2D". www.vssc.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Welcome To ISRO :: Satellites :: Geo-Stationary Satellite :: INSAT-2D". resource.itschool.gov.in. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Insat 2C, 2D". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ↑ "INSAT-2D". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2025-11-24.
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