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{{Short description|Seventh book of the Rigveda}} | |||
{{Refimprove|date=December 2015}} | {{Refimprove|date=December 2015}} | ||
The '''seventh Mandala''' of the '''[[Rigveda]]''' ("book 7", "RV 7") has 104 hymns. In the [[Rigveda Anukramani]], all hymns in this book are attributed to ''[[Vashista]]''. Hymn 32 is additionally credited to Sakti Vashista, and hymns 101-102 (to [[Parjanya]]) are additionally credited to Kumara Agneya. | The '''seventh Mandala''' of the '''[[Rigveda]]''' ("book 7", "RV 7") has 104 hymns. In the [[Rigveda Anukramani]], all hymns in this book are attributed to ''[[Vashista]]''. Hymn 32 is additionally credited to Sakti Vashista, and hymns 101-102 (to [[Parjanya]]) are additionally credited to Kumara Agneya. | ||
It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda. | It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda, which were composed in early vedic period (1500-1000 BCE).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dahiya|first=Poonam Dalal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbU6DwAAQBAJ|title=ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIA EBOOK|date=2017-09-15|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-93-5260-673-3|pages=95|language=en}}</ref> | ||
The hymns are dedicated to [[Agni]], [[Indra]], the [[Visvadevas]], the [[Maruts]], [[Mitra-Varuna]], the [[Asvins]], [[Ushas]] (Dawn), [[Indra-Varuna]], [[Varuna]], [[Vayu]] (Wind), two each to [[Sarasvati]], [[Rudra]], the [[Ap (water)|Waters]], the [[Adityas]], [[Vishnu]], [[Vastospati]], [[Brhaspati]], one each to the [[Apris]], to [[Vashista]], [[Savitr|Savitar]], [[Bhaga]], the [[Dadhikra]]s, the [[Rbhus]], [[Dyaus]] and [[Prthivi]] (Heaven and Earth), [[Parjanya]] (Rain) and Indra-[[Soma (drink)|Soma]]. 7.103 is dedicated to the [[frog]]s. | The hymns are dedicated to [[Agni]], [[Indra]], the [[Visvadevas]], the [[Maruts]], [[Mitra-Varuna]], the [[Asvins]], [[Ushas]] (Dawn), [[Indra-Varuna]], [[Varuna]], [[Vayu]] (Wind), two each to [[Sarasvati]], [[Rudra]], the [[Ap (water)|Waters]], the [[Adityas]], [[Vishnu]], [[Vastospati]], [[Brhaspati]], one each to the [[Apris]], to [[Vashista]], [[Savitr|Savitar]], [[Bhaga]], the [[Dadhikra]]s, the [[Rbhus]], [[Dyaus]] and [[Prthivi]] (Heaven and Earth), [[Parjanya]] (Rain) and Indra-[[Soma (drink)|Soma]]. 7.103 is dedicated to the [[frog]]s. | ||
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The [[Rigvedic rivers|rivers]] mentioned in the 7th Mandala are the [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]], [[Asikni (river)|Asikni]], [[Parusni]] and possibly the [[Yamuna]] (in 7.18.19 the name of a helper of Indra, maybe also the name of a woman or goddess). Hymns 95 and 96 are entirely dedicated to Sarasvati. | The [[Rigvedic rivers|rivers]] mentioned in the 7th Mandala are the [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]], [[Asikni (river)|Asikni]], [[Parusni]] and possibly the [[Yamuna]] (in 7.18.19 the name of a helper of Indra, maybe also the name of a woman or goddess). Hymns 95 and 96 are entirely dedicated to Sarasvati. | ||
The verse | The verse 7.59.12, probably a late addition, gained importance as [[Mahāmrityunjaya Mantra]] or Tryambakam mantra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Jamison|first=Stephanie|authorlink=Stephanie W. Jamison|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India|last2=Brereton|first2=Joel|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|url=https://www.academia.edu/30160889/Stephanie_W_Jamison_Joel_P_Brereton_The_Rigveda_3_Volume_Set_2014_pdf |isbn=9780199370184|pages=953–954}}</ref> | ||
==The battle of ten kings== | ==The battle of ten kings== | ||
The [[Battle of the Ten Kings]] (''{{IAST|dāśarājñá}}'') is a battle alluded to in the [[Rigveda]] (Book 7, hymns 18, 33 and 83.4-8), the ancient Indian sacred collection of [[ | The [[Battle of the Ten Kings]] (''{{IAST|dāśarājñá}}'') is a battle alluded to in the [[Rigveda]] (Book 7, hymns 18, 33 and 83.4-8), the ancient Indian sacred collection of [[Sanskrit]] hymns. The battle took place during the middle or main [[Vedic period]],<ref>[[Michael Witzel|Witzel]] (2000): between approximately 1450 and 1300 BCE</ref> near the [[Ravi River]] in [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. It was a battle between the [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]] kingdom, allied with other tribes of the [[Northwest India (pre-1947)|northwestern India]], guided by the royal sage [[Vishvamitra]], and the [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharata]] king [[Sudas]], who defeated the Purus. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== External links == | |||
{{wikisourcelang|sa|ऋग्वेदः मण्डल १|Original Sanskrit text in Devanagari}} | |||
*{{wikisource-inline|The Rig Veda/Mandala 7}} – English translation by [[Ralph T. H. Griffith]] | |||
{{Rigveda}} | {{Rigveda}} | ||
[[Category:Rigveda]] | [[Category:Rigveda]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:25, 27 December 2025
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2015) |
The seventh Mandala of the Rigveda ("book 7", "RV 7") has 104 hymns. In the Rigveda Anukramani, all hymns in this book are attributed to Vashista. Hymn 32 is additionally credited to Sakti Vashista, and hymns 101-102 (to Parjanya) are additionally credited to Kumara Agneya. It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda, which were composed in early vedic period (1500-1000 BCE).[1]
The hymns are dedicated to Agni, Indra, the Visvadevas, the Maruts, Mitra-Varuna, the Asvins, Ushas (Dawn), Indra-Varuna, Varuna, Vayu (Wind), two each to Sarasvati, Rudra, the Waters, the Adityas, Vishnu, Vastospati, Brhaspati, one each to the Apris, to Vashista, Savitar, Bhaga, the Dadhikras, the Rbhus, Dyaus and Prthivi (Heaven and Earth), Parjanya (Rain) and Indra-Soma. 7.103 is dedicated to the frogs.
The rivers mentioned in the 7th Mandala are the Sarasvati, Asikni, Parusni and possibly the Yamuna (in 7.18.19 the name of a helper of Indra, maybe also the name of a woman or goddess). Hymns 95 and 96 are entirely dedicated to Sarasvati.
The verse 7.59.12, probably a late addition, gained importance as Mahāmrityunjaya Mantra or Tryambakam mantra.[2]
The battle of ten kings[edit | edit source]
The Battle of the Ten Kings (dāśarājñá) is a battle alluded to in the Rigveda (Book 7, hymns 18, 33 and 83.4-8), the ancient Indian sacred collection of Sanskrit hymns. The battle took place during the middle or main Vedic period,[3] near the Ravi River in Punjab. It was a battle between the Puru kingdom, allied with other tribes of the northwestern India, guided by the royal sage Vishvamitra, and the Bharata king Sudas, who defeated the Purus.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Dahiya, Poonam Dalal (2017-09-15). ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIA EBOOK. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 95. ISBN 978-93-5260-673-3.
- ↑ Jamison, Stephanie; Brereton, Joel (2014). The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India. Oxford University Press. pp. 953–954. ISBN 9780199370184.
- ↑ Witzel (2000): between approximately 1450 and 1300 BCE
External links[edit | edit source]
- – English translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith