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'''Maniben Kara''' ( | '''Maniben Kara''' (1905–1979)<ref name="Women Pioneers In India's Renaissance">{{cite book|url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/women-pioneers-in-india-s-renaissance-IDD677/|title=Women Pioneers In India's Renaissance|publisher=National Book Trust, India|year=2003|isbn=81-237-3766 1|editor-last=Nayar|editor-first=Sushila|pages=469|editor-last2=Mankekar|editor-first2=Kamla|editor-link2=Kamla Mankekar}}</ref> was an Indian social worker and trade unionist.<ref name="Women in Modern India, Volume 4">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjilIrVt9hUC&q=Kumari+Maniben+Kara&pg=PA174 | title=Women in Modern India, Volume 4 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | author=Geraldine Hancock Forbes | year=1999 | pages=290 | isbn=9780521653770}}</ref> She was a founder member of the [[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]] and served as its president.<ref name="Labour Rights">{{cite web | url=http://www.labour-rights-india.eu/index.php?id=partners_mki | title=Labour Rights | publisher=Labour Rights | date=2015 | access-date=15 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215233255/http://www.labour-rights-india.eu/index.php?id=partners_mki | archive-date=15 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> She was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1970 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Shri |publisher=Padma Shri |date=2015 |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
Returning to India in 1929, she got involved with the Independence movement, founded ''Seva Mandir'' and a printing press and published ''Independent India'',<ref name="Independent India">{{cite web | url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007132445 | title=Independent India | publisher=Hathi Trust | date=2015 | access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> a nationalist publication for the Indian revolutionary, [[M. N. Roy]].<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> Later, she was known to have been influenced by [[Narayan Malhar Joshi]], one of the early leaders of the [[All India Trade Union Congress]],<ref name="N. M. Joshi">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/05/31/stories/2005053100610902.htm | title=N. M. Joshi | date=31 May 1955 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=16 May 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and started | Returning to India in 1929, she got involved with the Independence movement, founded ''Seva Mandir'' and a printing press and published ''Independent India'',<ref name="Independent India">{{cite web | url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007132445 | title=Independent India | publisher=Hathi Trust | date=2015 | access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> a nationalist publication for the Indian revolutionary, [[M. N. Roy]].<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> Later, she was known to have been influenced by [[Narayan Malhar Joshi]], one of the early leaders of the [[All India Trade Union Congress]],<ref name="N. M. Joshi">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/05/31/stories/2005053100610902.htm | title=N. M. Joshi | date=31 May 1955 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=16 May 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and started engaging in trade union activism.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> Her area of operations was at the slums of Mumbai, the dwelling place of many of the conservancy workers of the Bombay Improvement Trust.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> She established a Mothers' Club and a Healthcare Centre and spread the message of hygiene and literacy among the slum dwellers.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> Later she started social organization called ;'' Seva Mandir'' which was later merged with NGO called ''Bhangini Samaj''<ref name="Women Pioneers In India's Renaissance"/> | ||
The next stage of her work started with organizing workers' unions at Mumbai port and dockyard which later expanded to cover the tailors and textile workers.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> She joined the [[All India Trade Union Congress]], the trade union arm of the [[Communist Party of India]], and led several labour strikes which led to her arrest and solitary confinement in 1932.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> After Formation of Congress Ministries in 1937, [[All India Trade Union Congress]] and Indian National Congress drifted apart. Maniben was member of ''Royis Party'' led by [[M. N. Roy|M N Roy.]] Royst Party Started New central Trade Union Organization named ''Indian Federation of Labour (IFL).'' She continued her activities through the days of [[Indian freedom struggle]] and was nominated to the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] in 1946, entrusted with the responsibility of the labour ministry.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> Post Independence, After [[Partition of India|Partition]] IFL joined [[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]].<ref name="Women Pioneers In India's Renaissance"/> She was a key member when the [[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]] was formed in 1948<ref name="Labor and Politics in India">{{cite journal | title=Labor and Politics in India | author=Richard L. Park | journal=Far Eastern Review |date=August 1949 | volume=18 | issue=16 | pages=181–187| doi=10.2307/3024423 |jstor = 3024423}}</ref> and was also involved with the [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]] and was its former president.<ref name="AIRF">{{cite web | url=http://www.airfindia.com/Women%20Wing%20AIRF.html | title=AIRF | publisher=AIRF | date=2015 | access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> She was also a founding member of the [[International Confederation of Free Trade Unions]] (ICFTU)<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> and was involved with government committees such as National Committee on the Status of Women<ref name="National Committee on the Status of Women">{{cite web | url=http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/JP-59.pdf | title=National Committee on the Status of Women | publisher=ICSSR | date=2015 | access-date=15 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811211828/http://arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/JP-59.pdf | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and other government initiatives.<ref name="INFLIBNET">{{cite web | url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/812/16/16_bibliography%201.pdf | title=INFLIBNET | publisher=INFLIBNET | date=2015 | access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> | The next stage of her work started with organizing workers' unions at Mumbai port and dockyard which later expanded to cover the tailors and textile workers.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> She joined the [[All India Trade Union Congress]], the trade union arm of the [[Communist Party of India]], and led several labour strikes which led to her arrest and solitary confinement in 1932.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> After Formation of Congress Ministries in 1937, [[All India Trade Union Congress]] and Indian National Congress drifted apart. Maniben was member of ''Royis Party'' led by [[M. N. Roy|M N Roy.]] Royst Party Started New central Trade Union Organization named ''Indian Federation of Labour (IFL).'' She continued her activities through the days of [[Indian freedom struggle]] and was nominated to the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] in 1946, entrusted with the responsibility of the labour ministry.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> Post Independence, After [[Partition of India|Partition]] IFL joined [[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]].<ref name="Women Pioneers In India's Renaissance"/> She was a key member when the [[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]] was formed in 1948<ref name="Labor and Politics in India">{{cite journal | title=Labor and Politics in India | author=Richard L. Park | journal=Far Eastern Review |date=August 1949 | volume=18 | issue=16 | pages=181–187| doi=10.2307/3024423 |jstor = 3024423}}</ref> and was also involved with the [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]] and was its former president.<ref name="AIRF">{{cite web | url=http://www.airfindia.com/Women%20Wing%20AIRF.html | title=AIRF | publisher=AIRF | date=2015 | access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> She was also a founding member of the [[International Confederation of Free Trade Unions]] (ICFTU)<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> and was involved with government committees such as National Committee on the Status of Women<ref name="National Committee on the Status of Women">{{cite web | url=http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/JP-59.pdf | title=National Committee on the Status of Women | publisher=ICSSR | date=2015 | access-date=15 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811211828/http://arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/JP-59.pdf | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and other government initiatives.<ref name="INFLIBNET">{{cite web | url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/812/16/16_bibliography%201.pdf | title=INFLIBNET | publisher=INFLIBNET | date=2015 | access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> | ||
Maniben Kara, who never contested in a political election,<ref name="Women's Rights and World Development">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnJ9J9UygR0C&q=Kumari+Maniben+Kara&pg=PA312 | title=Women's Rights and World Development | publisher=Sarup and sons | author=Bela Rani Sharma | year=1998 | pages=383 | isbn=9788176250153}}</ref> was honoured by the [[Government of India]] with the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]] in 1970. Nine years later, she died, at the age of 74.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> [[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]] honoured her by establishing an institute in her name, the Maniben Kara Institute (MKI), in 1980.<ref name="Labour Rights" /> The Western Railways Union started a trust in her honour, the Maniben Kara Foundation,<ref name="Maniben Kara Foundation">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiacom.com/mumbai/maniben-kara-foundation_mumbai_mum_1180543.html | title=Maniben Kara Foundation | publisher=Indiacom | date=2015 | access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> and maintains the Maniben Kara Foundation Hall, in [[Grant Road]] area in Mumbai.<ref name="Maniben Kara Foundation Hall">{{cite web | url=http://www.mojostreet.com/place/government-buildings/maniben-kara-foundation-hall-grant-road-mumbai-maharashtra-india-1661419 | title=Maniben Kara Foundation Hall | publisher=Mojo Street | date=2015 | access-date=16 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630042929/http://www.mojostreet.com/place/government-buildings/maniben-kara-foundation-hall-grant-road-mumbai-maharashtra-india-1661419 | archive-date=30 June 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | Maniben Kara, who never contested in a political election,<ref name="Women's Rights and World Development">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnJ9J9UygR0C&q=Kumari+Maniben+Kara&pg=PA312 | title=Women's Rights and World Development | publisher=Sarup and sons | author=Bela Rani Sharma | year=1998 | pages=383 | isbn=9788176250153}}</ref> was honoured by the [[Government of India]] with the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]] in 1970. Nine years later, she died, at the age of 74.<ref name="Stree Shakti" /> [[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]] honoured her by establishing an institute in her name, the Maniben Kara Institute (MKI), in 1980.<ref name="Labour Rights" /> The Western Railways Union started a trust in her honour, the Maniben Kara Foundation,<ref name="Maniben Kara Foundation">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiacom.com/mumbai/maniben-kara-foundation_mumbai_mum_1180543.html | title=Maniben Kara Foundation | publisher=Indiacom | date=2015 | access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> and maintains the Maniben Kara Foundation Hall, in [[Grant Road (South Mumbai, India)|Grant Road]] area in Mumbai.<ref name="Maniben Kara Foundation Hall">{{cite web | url=http://www.mojostreet.com/place/government-buildings/maniben-kara-foundation-hall-grant-road-mumbai-maharashtra-india-1661419 | title=Maniben Kara Foundation Hall | publisher=Mojo Street | date=2015 | access-date=16 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630042929/http://www.mojostreet.com/place/government-buildings/maniben-kara-foundation-hall-grant-road-mumbai-maharashtra-india-1661419 | archive-date=30 June 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}} | {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kara, Maniben}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Kara, Maniben}} | ||
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]] | [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]] | ||
| Line 61: | Line 62: | ||
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]] | [[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]] | ||
[[Category:Indian women trade unionists]] | [[Category:Indian women trade unionists]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]] | ||
[[Category:Indian women educational theorists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]] | ||
[[Category:Women in Maharashtra politics]] | [[Category:Women in Maharashtra politics]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]] | |||
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Social workers from Maharashtra]] | [[Category:Social workers from Maharashtra]] | ||
[[Category:Women educators from Maharashtra]] | [[Category:Women educators from Maharashtra]] | ||
[[Category:Educators from Maharashtra]] | [[Category:Educators from Maharashtra]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century women educators]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian educators]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:29, 9 December 2025
Maniben Kara | |
|---|---|
 Maniben Kara | |
| Born | 1905 |
| Died | 1979 |
| Occupation | Social worker, trade unionist |
| Awards | Padma Shri |
Maniben Kara (1905–1979)[1] was an Indian social worker and trade unionist.[2] She was a founder member of the Hind Mazdoor Sabha and served as its president.[3] She was honoured by the Government of India in 1970 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.[4]
Early life[edit | edit source]
Born in 1905 in Bombay, British India (now Mumbai) in a middle-class family to an Arya Samaj member, Maniben Kara did her schooling at St. Columba High School, Gamdevi, Mumbai and secured a diploma in Social science from the University of Birmingham.[5]
Career[edit | edit source]
Returning to India in 1929, she got involved with the Independence movement, founded Seva Mandir and a printing press and published Independent India,[6] a nationalist publication for the Indian revolutionary, M. N. Roy.[5] Later, she was known to have been influenced by Narayan Malhar Joshi, one of the early leaders of the All India Trade Union Congress,[7] and started engaging in trade union activism.[5] Her area of operations was at the slums of Mumbai, the dwelling place of many of the conservancy workers of the Bombay Improvement Trust.[5] She established a Mothers' Club and a Healthcare Centre and spread the message of hygiene and literacy among the slum dwellers.[5] Later she started social organization called ; Seva Mandir which was later merged with NGO called Bhangini Samaj[1]
The next stage of her work started with organizing workers' unions at Mumbai port and dockyard which later expanded to cover the tailors and textile workers.[5] She joined the All India Trade Union Congress, the trade union arm of the Communist Party of India, and led several labour strikes which led to her arrest and solitary confinement in 1932.[5] After Formation of Congress Ministries in 1937, All India Trade Union Congress and Indian National Congress drifted apart. Maniben was member of Royis Party led by M N Roy. Royst Party Started New central Trade Union Organization named Indian Federation of Labour (IFL). She continued her activities through the days of Indian freedom struggle and was nominated to the Central Legislative Assembly in 1946, entrusted with the responsibility of the labour ministry.[5] Post Independence, After Partition IFL joined Hind Mazdoor Sabha.[1] She was a key member when the Hind Mazdoor Sabha was formed in 1948[8] and was also involved with the All India Railwaymen's Federation and was its former president.[9] She was also a founding member of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)[5] and was involved with government committees such as National Committee on the Status of Women[10] and other government initiatives.[11]
Maniben Kara, who never contested in a political election,[12] was honoured by the Government of India with the civilian award of Padma Shri in 1970. Nine years later, she died, at the age of 74.[5] Hind Mazdoor Sabha honoured her by establishing an institute in her name, the Maniben Kara Institute (MKI), in 1980.[3] The Western Railways Union started a trust in her honour, the Maniben Kara Foundation,[13] and maintains the Maniben Kara Foundation Hall, in Grant Road area in Mumbai.[14]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nayar, Sushila; Mankekar, Kamla, eds. (2003). Women Pioneers In India's Renaissance. National Book Trust, India. p. 469. ISBN 81-237-3766 1.
- ↑ Geraldine Hancock Forbes (1999). Women in Modern India, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 290. ISBN 9780521653770.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Labour Rights". Labour Rights. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ↑ "Padma Shri" (PDF). Padma Shri. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 "Stree Shakti". Stree Shakti. 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ "Independent India". Hathi Trust. 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ "N. M. Joshi". The Hindu. 31 May 1955. Retrieved 16 May 2015.[dead link]
- ↑ Richard L. Park (August 1949). "Labor and Politics in India". Far Eastern Review. 18 (16): 181–187. doi:10.2307/3024423. JSTOR 3024423.
- ↑ "AIRF". AIRF. 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ↑ "National Committee on the Status of Women" (PDF). ICSSR. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ↑ "INFLIBNET" (PDF). INFLIBNET. 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ Bela Rani Sharma (1998). Women's Rights and World Development. Sarup and sons. p. 383. ISBN 9788176250153.
- ↑ "Maniben Kara Foundation". Indiacom. 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ "Maniben Kara Foundation Hall". Mojo Street. 2015. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2015.