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{{Short description|Caribbean people of mixed African and Indian descent}} | |||
{{EngvarB|date=December 2019}} | {{EngvarB|date=December 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox ethnic group | {{Infobox ethnic group | ||
| group | | group = Dougla people | ||
| image | | image = | ||
| population | | image_caption = | ||
| regions | | population = | ||
| languages | | regions = [[Caribbean]]<br>(notably in [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], [[Jamaica]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Grenada]],[[Guadeloupe]], and [[Martinique]])<br> | ||
| religions | Diaspora in the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], and the [[Netherlands]] | ||
| related_groups = [[Afro-Caribbean people|Afro-Caribbeans]], [[Indo-Caribbeans]] | | languages = [[Caribbean English]] (predominantly [[Trinidadian Creole]], [[Guyanese Creole]], [[Sranan Tongo]], [[Jamaican Patois]], [[Saint Lucian Creole]]), [[French language|French]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Papiamento]], [[Caribbean Hindustani]] | ||
| footnotes | | religions = {{hlist|[[Christianity]]|[[Hinduism]]|[[Islam]]|[[African diaspora religions|Afro-American religions]]|[[Irreligion]]}} | ||
| related_groups = [[Afro-Caribbean people|Afro-Caribbeans]], [[Indo-Caribbean people|Indo-Caribbeans]] | |||
| footnotes = | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Dougla | '''Dougla''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|d|oʊ|g|l|ə}} {{endash}} from [[Caribbean Hindustani]] {{lang|hns|dugalaa}} 'mixed') is a term used to describe people who are of mixed [[Afro-Caribbean people|African]] and [[Indo-Caribbean people|Indian]] descent. | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
The word ''Dougla'' originated from ''' | The word ''Dougla'' originated from '''dogala''' ({{lang|hns|दोगला}}), which is a [[Caribbean Hindustani]] word that literally means "two-necks" and may mean "many", "much" or "a mix" (literally bastard, of two fathers).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__id65WNktsC&q=doogala+meaning&pg=PT134|title=Rice and Beans: A Unique Dish in a Hundred Places|last1=Wilk|first1=Richard|last2=Barbosa|first2=Livia|date=2013-05-09|publisher=Berg|isbn=9781847889058|language=en}}</ref> Its etymological roots are cognate with the Hindi "do" meaning "two" and "gala", which means "throat". Within the West Indies context, the word is used only for one type of [[multiracial people|mixed race]] people: Afro-Indians.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago|first=Lise|last=Winer|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|location=Montreal|date=2009|isbn=978-0-7735-3406-3|page=311}}</ref> | ||
The 2012 Guyana census identified 29.25% of the population as [[Afro-Guyanese people|Afro-Guyanese]], 39.83% as [[Indo-Guyanese]], and 19.88% as "mixed," recognized as mostly representing the offspring of the former two groups.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Final_2012_Census_Compendium2.pdf |title=2012 Census Compendium 2: Computation Composition |last=Bureau of Statistics, Guyana |date=July 2016 |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2021-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105002255/https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Final_2012_Census_Compendium2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
In the [[French West Indies]] ([[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]]), | In the [[French West Indies]] ([[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]]), Afro-Indian people used to be referred to as '''Batazendyen''' or '''Chapé-Kouli.''' | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
There are sporadic records of Indo-Euro interracial relationships, both consensual and nonconsensual, before any ethnic mixing of the African and Indian variety | There are sporadic records of Indo-Euro interracial relationships, both consensual and nonconsensual, before any ethnic mixing of the African and Indian variety.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=--j6DAAAQBAJ|title= The Trinidad Dougla: Identity, Ethnicity and Lexical Choice|isbn= 9781443898997|last1= Regis|first1= Ferne Louanne|date= 17 August 2016|publisher= Cambridge Scholars}}</ref> | ||
Other Indo-based types of mixed heritage (Indo-Chinese ([[Chindians]]), [[Asian Latin Americans|Indo-Latino/Hispanic]] (Tegli), Indo-English ([[Anglo-Indian]]s), Indo-Portuguese ([[Luso-Indian]]s), Indo-Irish ([[Irish Indians]]), Indo-Scottish ([[Scottish-Indian]]s), Indo-[[Dutch people|Dutch]], Indo-[[Arabs]] and Indo-[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Amerindian]]) tended to identify as one of the older, unmixed ethnic strains on the island: Afro, Indo, Amerindian or Euro or [[Passing (sociology)|passing as one of them]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trinidadandtobagonews.com/forum/webbbs_config.pl?md=read;id=2849|title=Dougla dilemma|website=www.trinidadandtobagonews.com}}</ref> | |||
==Notable Douglas== | ==Notable Douglas== | ||
{{Main|List of Dougla people}} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Indo-African]] | {{Portal|India|Africa|Caribbean}} | ||
* [[Indo-African (disambiguation)]] | |||
* [[Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian]] | |||
* [[Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians|Afro-Trinidadian and Tobagonian]] | |||
* [[Indo-Caribbean people|Indo-Caribbean]] | |||
* [[Afro-Caribbean people|Afro-Caribbean]] | |||
* [[Marabou (ethnicity)]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== | ==Further reading== | ||
* | * Barratt, Sue A, and Aleah N. Ranjitsingh. ''Dougla in the Twenty-First Century: Adding to the Mix''. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2021. {{ISBN|9781496833709}}. See also CUNY Asian and Asian American Research Institute [https://aaari.info/21-11-12barratt-ranjitsingh/ author interview] on 19 November 2021. | ||
{{Ethnic groups in Trinidad and Tobago}} | {{Ethnic groups in Trinidad and Tobago}} | ||
{{African diaspora}} | {{African diaspora}} | ||
{{ | {{Indian diaspora}} | ||
{{Overseas Asians}}{{Multiethnicity}} | |||
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Trinidad and Tobago]] | [[Category:Ethnic groups in Trinidad and Tobago]] | ||
[[Category:Multiracial affairs in the Caribbean]] | [[Category:Multiracial affairs in the Caribbean]] | ||
[[Category:Multiracial affairs in South America]] | [[Category:Multiracial affairs in South America]] | ||
[[Category:People of Dougla descent|*]] | [[Category:People of Dougla descent|*]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indian diaspora in the Caribbean]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:African diaspora in the Caribbean]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:40, 20 February 2026
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Caribbean (notably in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Grenada,Guadeloupe, and Martinique) Diaspora in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the Netherlands | |
| Languages | |
| Caribbean English (predominantly Trinidadian Creole, Guyanese Creole, Sranan Tongo, Jamaican Patois, Saint Lucian Creole), French, Dutch, Papiamento, Caribbean Hindustani | |
| Religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Afro-Caribbeans, Indo-Caribbeans |
Dougla (English: /ˈdoʊɡlə/ – from Caribbean Hindustani dugalaa 'mixed') is a term used to describe people who are of mixed African and Indian descent.
Definition[edit | edit source]
The word Dougla originated from dogala (दोगला), which is a Caribbean Hindustani word that literally means "two-necks" and may mean "many", "much" or "a mix" (literally bastard, of two fathers).[1] Its etymological roots are cognate with the Hindi "do" meaning "two" and "gala", which means "throat". Within the West Indies context, the word is used only for one type of mixed race people: Afro-Indians.[2]
The 2012 Guyana census identified 29.25% of the population as Afro-Guyanese, 39.83% as Indo-Guyanese, and 19.88% as "mixed," recognized as mostly representing the offspring of the former two groups.[3]
In the French West Indies (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Afro-Indian people used to be referred to as Batazendyen or Chapé-Kouli.
History[edit | edit source]
There are sporadic records of Indo-Euro interracial relationships, both consensual and nonconsensual, before any ethnic mixing of the African and Indian variety.[4]
Other Indo-based types of mixed heritage (Indo-Chinese (Chindians), Indo-Latino/Hispanic (Tegli), Indo-English (Anglo-Indians), Indo-Portuguese (Luso-Indians), Indo-Irish (Irish Indians), Indo-Scottish (Scottish-Indians), Indo-Dutch, Indo-Arabs and Indo-Amerindian) tended to identify as one of the older, unmixed ethnic strains on the island: Afro, Indo, Amerindian or Euro or passing as one of them.[5]
Notable Douglas[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Indo-African (disambiguation)
- Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian
- Afro-Trinidadian and Tobagonian
- Indo-Caribbean
- Afro-Caribbean
- Marabou (ethnicity)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wilk, Richard; Barbosa, Livia (2013-05-09). Rice and Beans: A Unique Dish in a Hundred Places. Berg. ISBN 9781847889058.
- ↑ Winer, Lise (2009). Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-7735-3406-3.
- ↑ Bureau of Statistics, Guyana (July 2016). 2012 Census Compendium 2: Computation Composition (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
- ↑ Regis, Ferne Louanne (17 August 2016). The Trinidad Dougla: Identity, Ethnicity and Lexical Choice. Cambridge Scholars. ISBN 9781443898997.
- ↑ "Dougla dilemma". www.trinidadandtobagonews.com.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Barratt, Sue A, and Aleah N. Ranjitsingh. Dougla in the Twenty-First Century: Adding to the Mix. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2021. ISBN 9781496833709. See also CUNY Asian and Asian American Research Institute author interview on 19 November 2021.
Template:Ethnic groups in Trinidad and Tobago Template:African diaspora Template:Indian diaspora Template:Overseas AsiansTemplate:Multiethnicity